Journal of Food and Drug Analysis最新文献

Highly polar pesticides (HPP) are a group of pesticides that are characterize as low Log Kow. Many high-throughput multi-residue analysis methods based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the simultaneous determination of such polar pesticides have been proposed. In this article, we summarize the various sample preparation methods including quick polar pesticides (QuPPe), dispersive solid phase extraction (dSPE), solid phase extraction (SPE) and QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe), especially for QuPPe, which are mainly used for the determination of HPP in foods. In addition, we summarize LC-based separation methodologies that are currently used for the analysis of HPP in foods, including reversed-phase chromatography (RPC), hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), ion chromatography (IC) and mixed-mode chromatography (MMC). Finally, the current mass spectrometry-based methodologies for the analysis of HPP are summarized with a specific focus on MS configurations and acquisition modes.

This study explored the effects of sterilization conditions on the formation of furan and its 10 derivatives in canned foods with a sterilizing value (F0) at 4. The contents of furans were determined by SPME arrow-GC-MS/MS, along with the furan precursors analyzed for elucidating the possible mechanism of furan formation. Results revealed that the total furan contents rose substantially in canned meat paste, tomato mackerel, chicken puree, tomato paste, pineapple slice, pineapple juice and carrot juice following sterilization. However, the total furan content did not change significantly ( p > 0.05) in canned oily mackerel, but decreased significantly ( p < 0.05) in canned apple puree after sterilization. With the exception of apple puree and pineapple slice, all the other canned foods showed a higher total furan content under low-temperature-long-time condition than that under high-temperature-short-time condition. Following heating, only the furan level showed a large increase in chicken puree, meat paste and tomato mackerel, whereas in canned fruit- and vegetable-based foods, the contents of furan and furfural showed a pronounced increase. The levels of alkylated furans were higher in sterilized samples containing high level of amino acid, while that of oxygenated furans were higher in sterilized samples containing high level of reducing sugar.

Mycotoxins (MYTs), a class of low molecular weight secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi in food and feed, pose serious global threat to both human health and world economy. Due to their mutagenic, teratogenic, carcinogenic and immunosuppressive effects, the International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified various MYTs under Group 1 to 3 category with aflatoxins being designated under Group 1 category (carcinogenic to humans). Also, the presence of MYTs in trace amounts in diverse food matrices necessitates exploration of highly sensitive methods for onsite analysis. Although conventional chromatographic methods are highly sensitive, they are expensive, tedious and cannot be applied for rapid onsite analysis. In recent years the application of nanomaterials especially carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) in the fabrication of low-cost and miniaturized electrochemical and optical sensors has enabled rapid onsite analysis of MYTs with high sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, the CNMs are employed as effective solid phase extraction (SPE) adsorbents possessing high specific surface area for effective enrichment of MYTs to improve the sensitivity of chromatographic methods for MYT analysis in food. This article aims to overview the recent trends in the application of CNMs as SPE adsorbents for sample pretreatment in chromatographic methods as well as in the fabrication of highly sensitive electrochemical and optical sensors for rapid analysis of MYTs in food. Initially, the efficiency of various functionalized CNMs developed recently as adsorbent in packed SPE cartridges and dispersive SPE adsorbent/purification powder is discussed. Then, their application in the development of various electrochemical immunosensors involving functionalized carbon nanotubes/nanofibers, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide and graphene quantum dots is summarized. In addition, the recent trends in the use of CNMs for fabrication of electrochemical and fluorescence aptasensors as well as some other colorimetry, fluorometry, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical based sensors are compared and tabulated. Collectively, this review article can provide a research update on analysis of MYTs by carbon-based nanomaterials paving a way for identifying future perspectives.

The good performance conditions for determination of EU priority PAHs in coffee samples were established to evaluate the effects of roasting degree on the PAHs in coffee beans and the brewing methods on the PAHs transfer from coffee beans to their brews. The consumption risk of the PAHs in coffee products was also assessed. The PAHs levels of the roasted coffee beans were in the order: 923.65 ng/g (dark roast) > 132.20 ng/g (medium roast) > 69.28 ng/g (light roast). Compared with general brewing with the drip bag (PAHs content, 0.30-0.62 ng/mL in coffee brews), the coffee machine brewing (set at 4 bar) induced higher PAHs release into coffee brews (PAHs content, 0.36-2.14 ng/g). The PAHs amounts of the commercial brewed and canned coffee products were 0.32-1.23 ng/g and 0.16-0.46 ng/g, respectively. The consumption risk of the PAHs in the coffee brews and products is a low level of concern.

Recently, demand for fermented foods has increased due to their improved nutritional value, taste, and health-promoting properties. Worldwide consumption of these products is increasing. Fermented foods are generally safe for human consumption. However, some toxins, primarily biogenic amines (putrescine, phenylethylamine, histamine, tyramine, and cadaverine), mycotoxins (fumonisins, aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, zearalenone, and trichothecenes), and bacterial toxins (endotoxins, enterotoxins, and emetic toxins) can be produced as a result of using an inappropriate starter culture, processing conditions, and improper storage. These toxins can cause a multitude of foodborne illnesses and can lead to cardiovascular aberration and adverse gastrointestinal symptoms. Analytical techniques are in use for the detection of toxins in fermented foods for monitoring and control purposes. These include culture, chromatographic, immunoassays, and nano sensor-based techniques. These detection techniques can be used during the production process and along the food chain. On an industrial scale, HPLC is widely used for sensitive quantification of toxins in fermented foods. Recently, biosensor and nano sensor-based techniques have gained popularity due to accuracy, time efficiency, and simultaneous detection of multiple toxins. Other strategic methods being investigated for the removal of toxins from fermented foods include the use of specific starter cultures for bio-preservation, aflatoxin-binding, and biogenic amine-degradation agents that may help to appropriately manage the food safety concerns associated with fermented foods.

The co-occurrence and accumulation of mycotoxin in food and feed constitutes a major issue to food safety, food security, and public health. Accurate and sensitive mycotoxins analysis can avoid toxin contamination as well as reduce food wastage caused by false positive results. This mini review focuses on the recent advance in detection methods for multiple mycotoxins, which mainly depends on immunoassay technologies. Advance immunoassay technologies integrated in mycotoxin analysis enable simultaneous detection of multiple mycotoxins and enhance the outcomes' quality. It highlights toxicogenomic as novel approach for hazard assessment by utilizing computational methods to map molecular events and biological processes. Indeed, toxicogenomic is a powerful tool to understand health effects from mycotoxin exposure as it offers insight on the mechanisms by which mycotoxins exposures cause diseases.

Arsenic (As) compounds can be classified as organic or inorganic, with inorganic arsenic (iAs) having significantly higher toxicity than organic As. As may accumulate in food materials that have been exposed to As-contaminated environments. Thus, the "Sanitation Standard for Contaminants and Toxins in Foods" published by the Ministry of Health and Welfare set the standard limits for iAs content in rice, seaweed, seafood, and marine oils to safeguard public health. Therefore, a robust analytical method must be developed to selectively and quantitatively determine iAs content in rice, seaweed, seafood, and marine oils. Herein, we reported and verified the method of combined high-performance liquid chromatography/inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HPLC/ICP-MS) to determine iAs content in a wide variety of food. The fish oil samples were spiked with different concentrations of the As(III) standard solution, and their iAs analyzes were obtained via extraction procedures using the 1% (w/w) nitric acid (HNO₃) solution containing 0.2 M hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) under sonication. The extracts were subsequently analyzed for their As(V) contents using HPLC/ICP-MS with aqueous ammonium carbonate as the mobile phase. The As(III) species had completely oxidized into the As(V) species, which prevented interferences between organic and iAs during chromatography. The method showed good extraction efficiencies (generally >90%) for the iAs samples, and their limits of quantification in fish oil were 0.02 mg/kg. The method was verified via the iAs speciation analytes of rice, seaweed, seafood, and marine oil matrices. The average recoveries for the fortified samples of each matrix ranged from 87.5 to 112.4%, with their coefficients of variation being less than 10%. Surveillance studies were conducted on the iAs contents of food samples purchased from local Taiwanese markets. The results showed that the only Hijiki (Sargassum fusiforme) higher than the maximum limit of the sanitation standard for iAs in seaweed, whereas the remaining samples met their corresponding requirements. This method is quick and straightforward, and it can be applied for the routine analysis of iAs content in a wide variety of food products to ensure public health safety.

The problem of aflatoxin contamination emerged gradually in the field of food safety. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an ultra-sensitive and non-destructive spectroscopy technology with extensive application prospects in the detection field. In this paper, with the detection of AFB1 as the target, Au@Ag NPs substrate with uniform morphology and strong SERS effect was prepared. Furthermore, the intermediates formed by hydrogen bonding between AFB1 and melamine facilitate the binding of toxin molecules to the substrate. Moreover, the AFB1-melamine-Au@Ag NPs detection system was established by optimizing the melamine dosage, and the limit of detection can reach 10^-8 mol/L (M). In this method, AFB1 (concentration range of 10^-4 M - 10^-7 M) in tea oil, the Raman signal intensity of AFB1 shows an excellent linear, logarithmic relationship, and the correlation coefficient is 0.9685. Therefore, this work has achieved simple, sensitive, and stable AFB1 detection and has broad application potential in food safety detection.

Herbal medicine (HM) is a type of medicine that uses active ingredients made from plants to treat diseases and maintain health and wellbeing. Due to its increasing worldwide usage, the possibility of HMs and conventional drugs being concurrently used is high, potentially leading to adverse events resulting from herb-drug interactions. Despite the safety concerns regarding such interactions, few studies have been conducted for assessing clinical consequences of using HMs with conventional drugs in real-world settings. As clinical trials are not forthcoming rapidly enough to provide the evidence for herb-drug interactions, observational studies are considered as an alternative approach. The present review focuses on evaluating the utility of analyzing real-world data in observational research to study the clinical consequences of herb-drug interactions between HMs and conventional drugs. The data sources and study designs of each highlighted literature are examined based on its strengths and limitations in analyzing herb-drug interactions. Finally, future observational studies involving novel and rigorous methodologies that may be effective in studying herb-drug interactions are discussed.

The jelly from achenes of Ficus pumila var. awkeotsang (FPAA) is a famous beverage ingredient in Taiwan. In this work, ficumarin (1), a new compound was obtained from its twigs (FPAT) and elucidated with comprehensive spectroscopic data. The biosynthetic origin was proposed from the p-coumaroyl-CoA pathway. Alloxanthoxyletin, betulinic acid, and catechin were identified as the major and active constituents responsible for relieving neutrophilic inflammation by FPAT. Among them, the most potent alloxanthoxyletin was found to interact with PRO350 and GLU377 of human INOSOX. Further, Nrf2 activating capacity of the FPAT fraction and its coumarins was confirmed. With the analysis of LC-MS/MS data and feature-based molecular networking, coumarins were found as the dominant and responsible components. Notably, alloxanthoxyletin increased Nrf2 expression by up to 816.8 ± 58% due to the interacting with the VAL561, THR560 and VAL420 residues of 5FNQ protein. COVID-19 Docking Server simulation indicated that pyranocoumarins would promisingly interfere with the life cycle of SARS-CoV-2. FPAT was proven to exert anti-inflammatory activity on neutrophils and to activate Nrf2, and may likely be developed as a complementary supplement in the treatment of COVID-19 patients.