Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of muscle wasting/atrophy, which adversely affects quality of life. We hypothesized that long term supplementation of fi sh oil may have protective effects against sarcopenia or muscle atrophy in streptozotocin (STZ) and high-fat (HF) diet-induced diabetic rat model. Wistar rats at age of 7 weeks were injected with saline or STZ to induce hyperglycemia. After one week, they were fed on a normal control diet or HF diet with/without supplementation of fi sh oil for 18 weeks. Feeding diabetic rats with a fi sh oil-enriched diet alleviated body weight loss and the impaired glucose tolerance using OGTT test. Although fi sh oil did not improve the decreased muscle mass, the muscle atrophy induced by diabetes was attenuated by fi sh oil in gastrocnemius, soleus, tibialis anterior, and extensor digitorum longus muscles. Fish oil supplementation reversed the decreased expression of phospho (p)-AKT, p-mTOR, and p-p70s6k, which are molecules related to protein synthesis. Besides, protein degradation-related signaling pathways were inhibited by fi sh oil, such as increasing p-FoxO1 and decreasing Atrogin-1 and MURF1 protein expression. Fish oil down-regulated the expression of autophagy-related molecules including ATG5, p62, and LC3B II/I ratio, which may result in less muscle atrophy. In fl ammation-related signaling regulators including TNF-a , NF-k B, AGEs, and RAGE were suppressed by fi sh oil supplementation as well. Moreover, the down-regulated p-AMPK a , SIRT1, and PGC-1 in diabetic rats were counteracted by fi sh oil, which may improve mitochondrial function and further block FoxO action. These data suggest that long-term fi sh oil supplementation exerts protective effects against diabetes-induced muscle atrophy, which may in turn ameliorate insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance.
{"title":"Attenuation of diabetes-mediated muscle atrophy in rats by fish oil enriched omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation","authors":"Shing-Hwa Liu, Wei-Hsuan Lin, Huei‐Ping Tzeng, Meng-Tsan Chiang","doi":"10.38212/2224-6614.3468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38212/2224-6614.3468","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of muscle wasting/atrophy, which adversely affects quality of life. We hypothesized that long term supplementation of fi sh oil may have protective effects against sarcopenia or muscle atrophy in streptozotocin (STZ) and high-fat (HF) diet-induced diabetic rat model. Wistar rats at age of 7 weeks were injected with saline or STZ to induce hyperglycemia. After one week, they were fed on a normal control diet or HF diet with/without supplementation of fi sh oil for 18 weeks. Feeding diabetic rats with a fi sh oil-enriched diet alleviated body weight loss and the impaired glucose tolerance using OGTT test. Although fi sh oil did not improve the decreased muscle mass, the muscle atrophy induced by diabetes was attenuated by fi sh oil in gastrocnemius, soleus, tibialis anterior, and extensor digitorum longus muscles. Fish oil supplementation reversed the decreased expression of phospho (p)-AKT, p-mTOR, and p-p70s6k, which are molecules related to protein synthesis. Besides, protein degradation-related signaling pathways were inhibited by fi sh oil, such as increasing p-FoxO1 and decreasing Atrogin-1 and MURF1 protein expression. Fish oil down-regulated the expression of autophagy-related molecules including ATG5, p62, and LC3B II/I ratio, which may result in less muscle atrophy. In fl ammation-related signaling regulators including TNF-a , NF-k B, AGEs, and RAGE were suppressed by fi sh oil supplementation as well. Moreover, the down-regulated p-AMPK a , SIRT1, and PGC-1 in diabetic rats were counteracted by fi sh oil, which may improve mitochondrial function and further block FoxO action. These data suggest that long-term fi sh oil supplementation exerts protective effects against diabetes-induced muscle atrophy, which may in turn ameliorate insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance.","PeriodicalId":358,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food and Drug Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45874333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Statins induce nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability by activating endothelial nitric oxide synthase via kinase-and calcium-dependent pathways in endothelial cells (ECs). However, their effect on the metabolism of L-arginine, the precursor for NO biosynthesis, and regulatory mechanism have not yet been investigated. In this study, we investigated the role of the autophagy e urea cycle-L-arginine pathway in simvastatin-mediated NO bioavailability in ECs. Griess ' s assay was used to determine the NO bioavailability. Protein expression was assessed using Western blot analysis. Further, immuno-cytochemistry was performed to observe autophagosome formation, while conventional assay kits were used to quantify the levels of different intermediate substrates of the urea cycle. In ECs, treatment with simvastatin induced the activation of autophagy fl ux, as evidenced by the increased levels of microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 II and autophagolysosome formation and decreased levels of p62. Inhibition of autophagy by ATG7 small interfering RNA (siRNA), chloroquine and ba fi lomycin A1 abolished simvastatin-induced NO bioavailability, EC proliferation, migration, and tube formation. Additionally, simvastatin increased the intermediate substrates levels of the urea cycle, including glutamate, acetyl-CoA, urea, and L-arginine, all of which were abrogated by chloroquine or ba fi lomycin A1. Genetic knockdown of argininosuccinate lyase using siRNA abrogated simvastatin-induced increase in NO bioavailability and EC-related functions. Moreover, inhibition of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) prevented simvastatin-induced activation of the autophagy e urea cycle pathway and NO production. Our fi ndings suggest that simvastatin activates the autophagy e urea cycle pathway via TRPV1-AMPK signaling, which increases L-arginine bioavailability and ultimately promotes NO production in ECs.
他汀类药物通过内皮细胞激酶和钙依赖途径激活内皮一氧化氮合酶，诱导一氧化氮(NO)的生物利用度。然而，它们对NO生物合成前体l -精氨酸代谢的影响及其调控机制尚未研究。在这项研究中，我们研究了自噬尿素循环- l -精氨酸途径在辛伐他汀介导的内皮细胞NO生物利用度中的作用。采用Griess法测定NO的生物利用度。Western blot检测蛋白表达。此外，通过免疫细胞化学观察自噬体的形成，同时使用传统的检测试剂盒来量化尿素循环中不同中间底物的水平。在ECs中，辛伐他汀治疗诱导自噬通量的激活，微管相关蛋白1A/ 1b -轻链3ii和自噬溶酶体形成水平的增加以及p62水平的降低证明了这一点。ATG7小干扰RNA (siRNA)、氯喹和巴菲罗霉素A1抑制自噬可消除辛伐他汀诱导的NO生物利用度、EC增殖、迁移和小管形成。此外，辛伐他汀增加了尿素循环的中间底物水平，包括谷氨酸、乙酰辅酶a、尿素和l-精氨酸，所有这些都被氯喹或巴菲霉素A1所取代。用siRNA基因敲除精氨酸琥珀酸裂解酶可消除辛伐他汀诱导的NO生物利用度和ec相关功能的增加。此外，抑制amp活化的蛋白激酶(AMPK)和瞬时受体电位香草样蛋白1 (TRPV1)可以阻止辛伐他汀诱导的自噬尿素循环途径的激活和NO的产生。我们的研究结果表明，辛伐他汀通过TRPV1-AMPK信号激活自噬尿素循环途径，从而增加l -精氨酸的生物利用度，最终促进内皮细胞NO的产生。
{"title":"Autophagy-urea cycle pathway is essential for the statin-mediated nitric oxide bioavailability in endothelial cells","authors":"Wen-Hua Chen, Bei‐Chia Guo, Chia-Hui Chen, Man-Chen Hsu, Chih-Hsien Wang, Tzong-Shyuan Lee","doi":"10.38212/2224-6614.3472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38212/2224-6614.3472","url":null,"abstract":"Statins induce nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability by activating endothelial nitric oxide synthase via kinase-and calcium-dependent pathways in endothelial cells (ECs). However, their effect on the metabolism of L-arginine, the precursor for NO biosynthesis, and regulatory mechanism have not yet been investigated. In this study, we investigated the role of the autophagy e urea cycle-L-arginine pathway in simvastatin-mediated NO bioavailability in ECs. Griess ' s assay was used to determine the NO bioavailability. Protein expression was assessed using Western blot analysis. Further, immuno-cytochemistry was performed to observe autophagosome formation, while conventional assay kits were used to quantify the levels of different intermediate substrates of the urea cycle. In ECs, treatment with simvastatin induced the activation of autophagy fl ux, as evidenced by the increased levels of microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 II and autophagolysosome formation and decreased levels of p62. Inhibition of autophagy by ATG7 small interfering RNA (siRNA), chloroquine and ba fi lomycin A1 abolished simvastatin-induced NO bioavailability, EC proliferation, migration, and tube formation. Additionally, simvastatin increased the intermediate substrates levels of the urea cycle, including glutamate, acetyl-CoA, urea, and L-arginine, all of which were abrogated by chloroquine or ba fi lomycin A1. Genetic knockdown of argininosuccinate lyase using siRNA abrogated simvastatin-induced increase in NO bioavailability and EC-related functions. Moreover, inhibition of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) prevented simvastatin-induced activation of the autophagy e urea cycle pathway and NO production. Our fi ndings suggest that simvastatin activates the autophagy e urea cycle pathway via TRPV1-AMPK signaling, which increases L-arginine bioavailability and ultimately promotes NO production in ECs.","PeriodicalId":358,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food and Drug Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46176454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cheng-Yang Hsieh, Ching-Chiung Wang, L. Tayo, Po-Wei Tsai, Chia-Jung Lee
Ji-Ming-Shan (JMS) is a traditional prescription use for patients with rheumatism, tendons swelling, athlete ' s foot, diuresis and even gout. This study developed a rapid and sensitive method for the analysis of JMS chemical components in the Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription and in the serum samples of rats which were administered with the herbal extract. Two mass spectrometric approaches were used namely Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-fl ight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) method for the major metabolites of the JMS extract while Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was employed for the detection of the JMS metabolites in the sera of rats. It was revealed that the major components in the JMS extract were identi fi ed to be narirutin and hesperidin. It was con fi rmed that 17 compounds were determined in JMS prescription extract and 16 metabolites resulting from the biotransformation of narirutin and hesperidin were identi fi ed in the serum samples. In silico analyses also revealed that the metabolite hersperidin-7-glucoside exhibited the best binding ability with respect to the Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme target. This study showcased the possible biochemical mechanism involved in the therapeutic ef fi ciency of JMS components and their biotransformation products.
{"title":"Identification for metabolism profiles and pharmacokinetic studies of tradition Chinese prescription Ji-Ming-San and its major metabolites in rats by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and UHPLC-MS/MS","authors":"Cheng-Yang Hsieh, Ching-Chiung Wang, L. Tayo, Po-Wei Tsai, Chia-Jung Lee","doi":"10.38212/2224-6614.3473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38212/2224-6614.3473","url":null,"abstract":"Ji-Ming-Shan (JMS) is a traditional prescription use for patients with rheumatism, tendons swelling, athlete ' s foot, diuresis and even gout. This study developed a rapid and sensitive method for the analysis of JMS chemical components in the Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription and in the serum samples of rats which were administered with the herbal extract. Two mass spectrometric approaches were used namely Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-fl ight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) method for the major metabolites of the JMS extract while Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was employed for the detection of the JMS metabolites in the sera of rats. It was revealed that the major components in the JMS extract were identi fi ed to be narirutin and hesperidin. It was con fi rmed that 17 compounds were determined in JMS prescription extract and 16 metabolites resulting from the biotransformation of narirutin and hesperidin were identi fi ed in the serum samples. In silico analyses also revealed that the metabolite hersperidin-7-glucoside exhibited the best binding ability with respect to the Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme target. This study showcased the possible biochemical mechanism involved in the therapeutic ef fi ciency of JMS components and their biotransformation products.","PeriodicalId":358,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food and Drug Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44744436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) is a member of FGF family, and abnormal expression of FGF9 can promote tumorigenesis. Cordycepin, a major bioactive component in fungus Cordyceps sinensis , could suppress various tumors. We have shown that cordycepin could inhibit FGF9-induced testicular tumor growth in vitro and in vivo with MA-10 mouse Leydig tumor cells. In the present study, the mechanisms related to apoptosis and autophagy were determined. Results show that cordycepin signi fi cantly suppressed cell viability and colony formation with correlatedly morphological change related to cell death in FGF9-treated MA-10 cells. Flow cytometry and western blotting results further demonstrate that cordycepin induced apoptosis through the cleavage of caspase-8, -9, -3 and PARP in FGF9-treated MA-10 cells. However, the expressions of LC3-II, beclin-1 and p62 were not stimulated by cordycepin with the presence of FGF9, suggesting cordycepin would activate apoptosis, but not autophagy, in FGF9-treated MA-10 cells. Moreover, inhibition of ERK signal pathway and autophagy would enhance cordycepin-induced cell death effects in FGF9-treated MA-10 cells, referring that ERK signaling was regulated under cordycepin and FGF9 treatments. In NOD-SCID mouse allograft model inoculated with MA-10 cells, cordycepin signi fi cantly suppressed tumor growth with the presence of FGF9, and the cleavage of caspase-3 could be observed in tumor tissue, implying cordycepin induced caspase cascade to suppress tumor growth. Moreover, cordycepin plus U0126, ERK inhibitor, further signi fi cantly suppressed tumor growth with the presence of FGF9 as compared to the FGF9 only group, con fi rming the involvement of ERK signaling in this event. In conclusion, cordycepin induced caspase and ERK pathways to promote MA-10 cell apoptosis, but not auto-phagy, with the presence of FGF9.
{"title":"Cordycepin inhibits ERK pathway to suppress FGF9-induced tumorigenesis with MA-10 mouse Leydig tumor cells","authors":"Li-Ching Chen, Chin-Ying Chen, Yi-Ping Lee, Bu-Miin Huang","doi":"10.38212/2224-6614.3464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38212/2224-6614.3464","url":null,"abstract":"Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) is a member of FGF family, and abnormal expression of FGF9 can promote tumorigenesis. Cordycepin, a major bioactive component in fungus Cordyceps sinensis , could suppress various tumors. We have shown that cordycepin could inhibit FGF9-induced testicular tumor growth in vitro and in vivo with MA-10 mouse Leydig tumor cells. In the present study, the mechanisms related to apoptosis and autophagy were determined. Results show that cordycepin signi fi cantly suppressed cell viability and colony formation with correlatedly morphological change related to cell death in FGF9-treated MA-10 cells. Flow cytometry and western blotting results further demonstrate that cordycepin induced apoptosis through the cleavage of caspase-8, -9, -3 and PARP in FGF9-treated MA-10 cells. However, the expressions of LC3-II, beclin-1 and p62 were not stimulated by cordycepin with the presence of FGF9, suggesting cordycepin would activate apoptosis, but not autophagy, in FGF9-treated MA-10 cells. Moreover, inhibition of ERK signal pathway and autophagy would enhance cordycepin-induced cell death effects in FGF9-treated MA-10 cells, referring that ERK signaling was regulated under cordycepin and FGF9 treatments. In NOD-SCID mouse allograft model inoculated with MA-10 cells, cordycepin signi fi cantly suppressed tumor growth with the presence of FGF9, and the cleavage of caspase-3 could be observed in tumor tissue, implying cordycepin induced caspase cascade to suppress tumor growth. Moreover, cordycepin plus U0126, ERK inhibitor, further signi fi cantly suppressed tumor growth with the presence of FGF9 as compared to the FGF9 only group, con fi rming the involvement of ERK signaling in this event. In conclusion, cordycepin induced caspase and ERK pathways to promote MA-10 cell apoptosis, but not auto-phagy, with the presence of FGF9.","PeriodicalId":358,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food and Drug Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47268617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ya‐Chu Tang, Yung-Jen Chuang, Hsin-Huei Chang, Shin-Hun Juang, G. Yen, Jang-Yang Chang, Ching-Chuan Kuo
Induction of antioxidant proteins and phase 2 detoxifying enzymes that neutralize reactive electrophiles are important mechanisms for protection against carcinogenesis. Normal cells provide multifaceted pathways to tightly control NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-mediated gene expression in response to an assault by a range of endogenous and exogenous oncogenic molecules. Transient activation of NRF2 by its activators is able to induce ARE-mediated cytoprotective proteins which are essential for protection against various toxic and oxidative damages, and NRF2 activators thereby have ef fi cacy in cancer chemoprevention. Because NRF2 has a cytoprotective function, it can protect normal cells from carcinogens like an angel, but when the protective effect acts on cancer cells, it will give rise to invincible cancer cells and play a devilish role in tumor progression. Indeed, aberrant activation of NRF2 has been found in a variety of cancers that create a favorable environment for the proliferation and survival of cancer cells and leads to drug resistance, ultimately leading to the poor clinical prognosis of patients. Therefore, pharmacological inhibition of NRF2 signaling has emerged as a promising approach for cancer therapy. This review aims to compile the regulatory mechanisms of NRF2 and its double-edged role in cancer. In addition, we also summarize the research progress of NRF2 modulators, especially phytochemicals, in chemoprevention and cancer therapy.
{"title":"How to deal with frenemy NRF2: Targeting NRF2 for chemoprevention and cancer therapy","authors":"Ya‐Chu Tang, Yung-Jen Chuang, Hsin-Huei Chang, Shin-Hun Juang, G. Yen, Jang-Yang Chang, Ching-Chuan Kuo","doi":"10.38212/2224-6614.3463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38212/2224-6614.3463","url":null,"abstract":"Induction of antioxidant proteins and phase 2 detoxifying enzymes that neutralize reactive electrophiles are important mechanisms for protection against carcinogenesis. Normal cells provide multifaceted pathways to tightly control NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-mediated gene expression in response to an assault by a range of endogenous and exogenous oncogenic molecules. Transient activation of NRF2 by its activators is able to induce ARE-mediated cytoprotective proteins which are essential for protection against various toxic and oxidative damages, and NRF2 activators thereby have ef fi cacy in cancer chemoprevention. Because NRF2 has a cytoprotective function, it can protect normal cells from carcinogens like an angel, but when the protective effect acts on cancer cells, it will give rise to invincible cancer cells and play a devilish role in tumor progression. Indeed, aberrant activation of NRF2 has been found in a variety of cancers that create a favorable environment for the proliferation and survival of cancer cells and leads to drug resistance, ultimately leading to the poor clinical prognosis of patients. Therefore, pharmacological inhibition of NRF2 signaling has emerged as a promising approach for cancer therapy. This review aims to compile the regulatory mechanisms of NRF2 and its double-edged role in cancer. In addition, we also summarize the research progress of NRF2 modulators, especially phytochemicals, in chemoprevention and cancer therapy.","PeriodicalId":358,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food and Drug Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41790952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study combined UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS analysis with authentic standards, to create a novel strategy for isomers recognition and putative identi fi cation. Through the strategy, anti -Covid-19 Jinhua Qinggan Granule was found to comprise 28 isomers and 45 potential anti -Covid-19 constituents. The detection of three constituents (Danshensu, cryptotanshin, and tanshinone IIA) suggests Danshen as con fi dential additive. Based on this, 6 constituents are recommended as quality-marker candidates, including chlorogenic acid, acteoside, peimisine, baicalein, licoricesaponin H2, and tanshinone IIA. Obviously, the study can not only help the public to really understand the Granule ' s formula and chemistry, but also facilitate its Pharmacopoeia collection in future.
{"title":"Jinhua Qinggan Granule UHPLC-Q-extractive-Orbitrap-MS assay: Putative identification of 45 potential anti-Covid-19 constituents, confidential addition, and pharmacopoeia quality-markers recommendation","authors":"Jingyuan Zeng, Xican Li, Rongxin Cai, Chunhou Li, Shaoman Chen","doi":"10.38212/2224-6614.3466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38212/2224-6614.3466","url":null,"abstract":"The study combined UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS analysis with authentic standards, to create a novel strategy for isomers recognition and putative identi fi cation. Through the strategy, anti -Covid-19 Jinhua Qinggan Granule was found to comprise 28 isomers and 45 potential anti -Covid-19 constituents. The detection of three constituents (Danshensu, cryptotanshin, and tanshinone IIA) suggests Danshen as con fi dential additive. Based on this, 6 constituents are recommended as quality-marker candidates, including chlorogenic acid, acteoside, peimisine, baicalein, licoricesaponin H2, and tanshinone IIA. Obviously, the study can not only help the public to really understand the Granule ' s formula and chemistry, but also facilitate its Pharmacopoeia collection in future.","PeriodicalId":358,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food and Drug Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42541083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pai-Wen Wu, Ching-Hsuan Tsai, Ching-Yu Hsu, Shu-Han Chang, Y. Kao, S. Tseng, Der-Yuan Wang
A simple and dependable technique, known as THAM method, has been developed to detect and measure ethyl eicosapentaenoate (EE-EPA) and ethyl docosahexaenoate (EE-DHA) in encapsulated fi sh oils. This technique involves using tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) as a catalyst, followed by analysis using gas chromatography equipped with a fl ame ionization detector. Recoveries of EE-EPA and EE-DHA spiked between 5 mg/g and 20 mg/g were found to be between 90.8% and 95.2%, with coef fi cients of variation ranging from 0.2% to 2.5%, demonstrating the accuracy and precision of the technique. Additionally, its limitation of quantitation of EE-EPA and EE-DHA in fi sh oil samples was 0.2%. When compared with the direct injection method, the TMAH method yielded relative percent differences of no more than 3.8% in the amounts of ethyl esters of EPA and DHA in fi sh oil, while preventing contamination and maintaining its performance over time. Furthermore, when compared the total amounts of EPA and DHA with the boron tri fl uoride method, the relative percent differences were no more than 4.7% by the TMAH method. The advantages of using the TMAH method in distinguishing the ester forms of EPA and DHA and determining the total content of fatty acids in fi sh oils, which can provide an auxiliary check for evaluating the compliance of applications with the regulation related to the purity and form of EPA and DHA.
{"title":"Determination and evaluation of EPA and DHA ethyl esters in fish oils using the TMAH transesterification method","authors":"Pai-Wen Wu, Ching-Hsuan Tsai, Ching-Yu Hsu, Shu-Han Chang, Y. Kao, S. Tseng, Der-Yuan Wang","doi":"10.38212/2224-6614.3469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38212/2224-6614.3469","url":null,"abstract":"A simple and dependable technique, known as THAM method, has been developed to detect and measure ethyl eicosapentaenoate (EE-EPA) and ethyl docosahexaenoate (EE-DHA) in encapsulated fi sh oils. This technique involves using tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) as a catalyst, followed by analysis using gas chromatography equipped with a fl ame ionization detector. Recoveries of EE-EPA and EE-DHA spiked between 5 mg/g and 20 mg/g were found to be between 90.8% and 95.2%, with coef fi cients of variation ranging from 0.2% to 2.5%, demonstrating the accuracy and precision of the technique. Additionally, its limitation of quantitation of EE-EPA and EE-DHA in fi sh oil samples was 0.2%. When compared with the direct injection method, the TMAH method yielded relative percent differences of no more than 3.8% in the amounts of ethyl esters of EPA and DHA in fi sh oil, while preventing contamination and maintaining its performance over time. Furthermore, when compared the total amounts of EPA and DHA with the boron tri fl uoride method, the relative percent differences were no more than 4.7% by the TMAH method. The advantages of using the TMAH method in distinguishing the ester forms of EPA and DHA and determining the total content of fatty acids in fi sh oils, which can provide an auxiliary check for evaluating the compliance of applications with the regulation related to the purity and form of EPA and DHA.","PeriodicalId":358,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food and Drug Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43831380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
RespireAid ™ (NRICM101) is an effective anti-SARS-CoV-2 traditional Chinese medicine formula and has been licensed as a drug or dietary supplement in Taiwan, Luxembourg, Australia, Singapore, Cambodia, Philippines, and Canada. In this study, we provided integrated quality control strategy to analyze the ingredient of RespireAid ™ . In addition, the lot-to-lot ef fi cacy stabilities were also evaluated. We found that RespireAid ™ comprised of mono-saccharides and disaccharides (34.0%), maltodextrin (23.5%), inorganic elements and ash (12.2%), oligosaccharides and polysaccharides (11.4%), principal components (4.4%), moisture (4.0%), amino acids (3.5%), b -Cyclodextrin (0.25%), menthol (0.25%), and nucleotides (0.14%), while the remainder was unidenti fi ed (6.36%). This is the fi rst time that the chemical composition of a complex traditional Chinese medicine was clari fi ed using various analytical instruments. The lot-to-lot anti-oxidation and anti-in fl ammation ef fi cacies of RespireAid ™ were consistent, with average 50% scavenging concentrations of 0.22 ± 0.02 mg/mL and 5.76 ± 0.59 mg/mL, respectively. From a comprehensive quality control strategy point of view, RespireAid ™ , designed from a traditional Chinese medicine formula, displayed high quality, trans-parency, and ef fi cacy. This integrated strategy provides a clear and reliable way to evaluate the quality of complex traditional Chinese medicines.
{"title":"An integrative approach for compressive quality control of RespireAidTM, a traditional Chinese medicine formula against SARS-CoV-2","authors":"Kun-Teng Wang, Chia-Jung Lee, Ming-Chung Lee, Chao-yu Chen, Yun-Chen Tsai, Wu-Chang Chuang","doi":"10.38212/2224-6614.3467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38212/2224-6614.3467","url":null,"abstract":"RespireAid ™ (NRICM101) is an effective anti-SARS-CoV-2 traditional Chinese medicine formula and has been licensed as a drug or dietary supplement in Taiwan, Luxembourg, Australia, Singapore, Cambodia, Philippines, and Canada. In this study, we provided integrated quality control strategy to analyze the ingredient of RespireAid ™ . In addition, the lot-to-lot ef fi cacy stabilities were also evaluated. We found that RespireAid ™ comprised of mono-saccharides and disaccharides (34.0%), maltodextrin (23.5%), inorganic elements and ash (12.2%), oligosaccharides and polysaccharides (11.4%), principal components (4.4%), moisture (4.0%), amino acids (3.5%), b -Cyclodextrin (0.25%), menthol (0.25%), and nucleotides (0.14%), while the remainder was unidenti fi ed (6.36%). This is the fi rst time that the chemical composition of a complex traditional Chinese medicine was clari fi ed using various analytical instruments. The lot-to-lot anti-oxidation and anti-in fl ammation ef fi cacies of RespireAid ™ were consistent, with average 50% scavenging concentrations of 0.22 ± 0.02 mg/mL and 5.76 ± 0.59 mg/mL, respectively. From a comprehensive quality control strategy point of view, RespireAid ™ , designed from a traditional Chinese medicine formula, displayed high quality, trans-parency, and ef fi cacy. This integrated strategy provides a clear and reliable way to evaluate the quality of complex traditional Chinese medicines.","PeriodicalId":358,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food and Drug Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45548305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammed Dalli, Salah-eddine Azizi, Ali Azghar, Abderrazak Saddari, E. Benaissa, Y. Lahlou, Mostafa Elouennass, A. Maleb
Throughout history, medicinal and aromatic plants have been used extensively to cure a variety of ailments. This article provides a comprehensive overview of Cannabis sativa , speci fi cally focusing on its legislative status, decrimi-nalization, phytochemistry, antimicrobial activity, and safety. The study begins by brie fl y outlining the plant ' s history, including its cultivation, harvesting, and storage methods. The review analyzes extensively the antimicrobial properties of Cannabis sativa and its derivatives, speci fi cally examining their reported antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiparasitic capabilities, which have been documented in databases such as Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Web of Science. The paper also discusses trends in studies about the plant object of the study, the different bioactive compounds that were identi fi ed in the plant (phenolic acids, fl avonoids, alkaloids, cannabinoids, and terpenes), and safe consumption in several cannabis-based products including candies, desserts, wine and as food fl avoring. Furthermore, this study has reported information about the legalization and decriminalization of cannabis use across the globe with a speci fi c focus on Morocco because it has the largest cultivated area of C. sativa plant. However, some substances with potential antimicrobial properties were not investigated in this review due to the lack of data on their activity. The authors hope that their efforts will inspire future studies on the therapeutic uses of Cannabis sativa and its derivatives, ultimately leading to improved health outcomes.
纵观历史，药用和芳香植物被广泛用于治疗各种疾病。这篇文章提供了大麻的全面概述，特别关注其立法地位，合法化，植物化学，抗菌活性和安全性。这项研究首先简要概述了这种植物的历史，包括它的种植、收获和储存方法。本综述广泛分析了大麻及其衍生物的抗菌特性，特别研究了其报道的抗病毒、抗菌、抗真菌和抗寄生虫能力，这些能力已在Scopus、ScienceDirect、PubMed和Web of Science等数据库中得到记录。本文还讨论了有关研究对象植物的研究趋势，在植物中发现的不同生物活性化合物(酚酸，类黄酮，生物碱，大麻素和萜烯)，以及在几种以大麻为基础的产品(包括糖果，甜点，葡萄酒和食品调味品)中的安全消费。此外，本研究报告了有关全球大麻使用合法化和非刑事化的信息，并特别关注摩洛哥，因为它拥有最大的大麻种植面积。然而，由于缺乏活性数据，一些具有潜在抗菌性能的物质未在本综述中进行研究。作者希望他们的努力将启发未来对大麻及其衍生物的治疗用途的研究，最终导致改善健康结果。
{"title":"Cannabis sativa L.: A Comprehensive review on legislation, decriminalization, phytochemistry, antimicrobial activity, and safety","authors":"Mohammed Dalli, Salah-eddine Azizi, Ali Azghar, Abderrazak Saddari, E. Benaissa, Y. Lahlou, Mostafa Elouennass, A. Maleb","doi":"10.38212/2224-6614.3471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38212/2224-6614.3471","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout history, medicinal and aromatic plants have been used extensively to cure a variety of ailments. This article provides a comprehensive overview of Cannabis sativa , speci fi cally focusing on its legislative status, decrimi-nalization, phytochemistry, antimicrobial activity, and safety. The study begins by brie fl y outlining the plant ' s history, including its cultivation, harvesting, and storage methods. The review analyzes extensively the antimicrobial properties of Cannabis sativa and its derivatives, speci fi cally examining their reported antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiparasitic capabilities, which have been documented in databases such as Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Web of Science. The paper also discusses trends in studies about the plant object of the study, the different bioactive compounds that were identi fi ed in the plant (phenolic acids, fl avonoids, alkaloids, cannabinoids, and terpenes), and safe consumption in several cannabis-based products including candies, desserts, wine and as food fl avoring. Furthermore, this study has reported information about the legalization and decriminalization of cannabis use across the globe with a speci fi c focus on Morocco because it has the largest cultivated area of C. sativa plant. However, some substances with potential antimicrobial properties were not investigated in this review due to the lack of data on their activity. The authors hope that their efforts will inspire future studies on the therapeutic uses of Cannabis sativa and its derivatives, ultimately leading to improved health outcomes.","PeriodicalId":358,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food and Drug Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42827218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chih-Yi Hu, Hsien-Tung Tsai, Chui-Feng Chiu, Tsung-Chen Su, Nguyen Hoang Khoi Le, Shu-Dan Yeh
Taiwan specialty teas are produced with distinct manufacturing processes from speci fi c cultivars of tea plants in Camellia . Due to the widespread transplantation of Taiwan tea cultivars and active international trading of tea materials, an accurate and reliable method to identify tea cultivars at the border is vital to protect the image of premium Taiwan specialty teas. In this study, we introduced the Taiwan Tea Variety Identi fi cation (TTVID) kit, a capillary electropho-resis-based multiplex PCR assay consisting of 12 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. A database composing these 12 SSR loci genotypes in 144 cultivars was established for marker assessment and molecular diagnosis. The power of discrimination on a locus ranged from 0.7894 to 0.966 and the combined match probability of 12 SSR loci was 5.34e-14. Cultivar pairwise comparison among 144 accessions showed that over 90.6% of the pairs had differential genotypes on at least 10 of 12 SSR loci. Further assessment showed that the TTVID kit could unambiguously recognize the cultivars mixed in the loose-leaf teas processed with various degrees of fermentation and roasting. Our results suggested that this TTVID kit effectively identi fi ed cultivar composition in loose-leaf tea and is helpful for border control in preventing adulteration and fraud in the Taiwan tea market.
{"title":"SSR-based molecular diagnosis for Taiwan tea cultivars and its application in identifying cultivar composition of the processed tea","authors":"Chih-Yi Hu, Hsien-Tung Tsai, Chui-Feng Chiu, Tsung-Chen Su, Nguyen Hoang Khoi Le, Shu-Dan Yeh","doi":"10.38212/2224-6614.3465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38212/2224-6614.3465","url":null,"abstract":"Taiwan specialty teas are produced with distinct manufacturing processes from speci fi c cultivars of tea plants in Camellia . Due to the widespread transplantation of Taiwan tea cultivars and active international trading of tea materials, an accurate and reliable method to identify tea cultivars at the border is vital to protect the image of premium Taiwan specialty teas. In this study, we introduced the Taiwan Tea Variety Identi fi cation (TTVID) kit, a capillary electropho-resis-based multiplex PCR assay consisting of 12 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. A database composing these 12 SSR loci genotypes in 144 cultivars was established for marker assessment and molecular diagnosis. The power of discrimination on a locus ranged from 0.7894 to 0.966 and the combined match probability of 12 SSR loci was 5.34e-14. Cultivar pairwise comparison among 144 accessions showed that over 90.6% of the pairs had differential genotypes on at least 10 of 12 SSR loci. Further assessment showed that the TTVID kit could unambiguously recognize the cultivars mixed in the loose-leaf teas processed with various degrees of fermentation and roasting. Our results suggested that this TTVID kit effectively identi fi ed cultivar composition in loose-leaf tea and is helpful for border control in preventing adulteration and fraud in the Taiwan tea market.","PeriodicalId":358,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food and Drug Analysis","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46932275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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