Research that responds to the desire to live longer and be healthier has led to the discovery of life extention through calorie restriction. Interestingly, this mechanism is conserved from nematodes to mice to primates. Important molecular mechanisms for this longevity effect is the suppression of gene expression and metabolism, including respiration, through upregulation of sirtuin genes and suppression of mTOR signaling.
{"title":"人の長寿と長生きの抗酸菌；抗酸菌がゆっくりと生きて頻繁に眠るしくみから、薬剤開発への展開を考える","authors":"Sohkichi Matsumoto","doi":"10.5025/hansen.92.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5025/hansen.92.41","url":null,"abstract":"Research that responds to the desire to live longer and be healthier has led to the discovery of life extention through calorie restriction. Interestingly, this mechanism is conserved from nematodes to mice to primates. Important molecular mechanisms for this longevity effect is the suppression of gene expression and metabolism, including respiration, through upregulation of sirtuin genes and suppression of mTOR signaling.","PeriodicalId":35918,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Leprosy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135549894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mycobacterium leprae is the major etiologic agent of leprosy, and its genotype can be divided into four single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) types and 16 subtypes. Drug resistance and genotype of M. leprae are typically determined using PCR and Sanger DNA sequencing, however, this requires a great deal of effort. In this review, we present a rapid method that we developed to identify drug resistance and SNP genotype of M. leprae directly from clinical specimens by combining nested multiplex PCR with next generation sequence analysis.
{"title":"次世代シーケンシング解析を併用したNested Multiplex PCR法による、らい菌の薬剤耐性および型別の新規同時同定法","authors":"Yasuhisa Iwao, Shuichi Mori, Manabu Ato, Noboru Nakata","doi":"10.5025/hansen.92.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5025/hansen.92.47","url":null,"abstract":"Mycobacterium leprae is the major etiologic agent of leprosy, and its genotype can be divided into four single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) types and 16 subtypes. Drug resistance and genotype of M. leprae are typically determined using PCR and Sanger DNA sequencing, however, this requires a great deal of effort. In this review, we present a rapid method that we developed to identify drug resistance and SNP genotype of M. leprae directly from clinical specimens by combining nested multiplex PCR with next generation sequence analysis.","PeriodicalId":35918,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Leprosy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135549452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"1. Current situation of leprosy learned from one case 2. Skin diseases to watch out for in elderly care facilities","authors":"T. Fukuda","doi":"10.5025/hansen.91.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5025/hansen.91.45","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35918,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Leprosy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70683889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Decrease of newly registered leprosy patients in Japan in the second half of the 20th century","authors":"M. Ozaki, S. Hazama","doi":"10.5025/hansen.91.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5025/hansen.91.75","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35918,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Leprosy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70683954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Buruli ulcer disease (BU) is an emerging chronic ulcerating illness caused by the environmental mycobacterium, as Mycobacterium ulcerans (Mul), which primarily affects the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and occasionally bones. It is recognized by the WHO as a neglected tropical disease1). BU is gradually increasing with approximately 2,000 to 5,000 new annual reported cases2). However, the reasons for increases in the past few years have not been understood3). Recently, drug therapy against Mul has been administered through anti-mycobacterial antibiotics, including rifampicinbased combinations with either streptomycin, amikacin, or clarithromycin4). Early and non-severe stages of BU can be treated with an 8-week regimen of rifampicin (10 mg/kg orally, once daily) combined with clarithromycin (7.5 mg/kg per body weight, twice daily), streptomycin (15 mg/kg intramuscularly, once daily), fluoroquinolone (FQ) or other antibiotics. FQ is effective antibiotics against Mul in vitro and in vivo5). Evidence exists that DNA topoisomerase II is the therapeutic target of the drug. Remarkably, Mul expresses only DNA gyrase from a gyrB-gyrA contig in the complete genome and this enzyme is the sole target of FQs. However, the detailed molecular mechanism of Mul DNA gyrase and the mechanisms of FQ resistance were not determined. Our study aimed to determine the functional analysis of Mul DNA gyrase activities in vitro from Mul shinshuense and Agy99 strains. DNA gyrase subunits of both strains were Jpn J Lepr 91, 55-57(2022)
{"title":"(Part 2) Molecular characterization of Mycobacterium ulcerans DNA gyrase and identification of mutations reduced susceptibility to quinolones in vitro","authors":"Hyun Kim, S. Mori, T. Kenri, Yasuhiko Suzuki","doi":"10.5025/hansen.91.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5025/hansen.91.55","url":null,"abstract":"Buruli ulcer disease (BU) is an emerging chronic ulcerating illness caused by the environmental mycobacterium, as Mycobacterium ulcerans (Mul), which primarily affects the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and occasionally bones. It is recognized by the WHO as a neglected tropical disease1). BU is gradually increasing with approximately 2,000 to 5,000 new annual reported cases2). However, the reasons for increases in the past few years have not been understood3). Recently, drug therapy against Mul has been administered through anti-mycobacterial antibiotics, including rifampicinbased combinations with either streptomycin, amikacin, or clarithromycin4). Early and non-severe stages of BU can be treated with an 8-week regimen of rifampicin (10 mg/kg orally, once daily) combined with clarithromycin (7.5 mg/kg per body weight, twice daily), streptomycin (15 mg/kg intramuscularly, once daily), fluoroquinolone (FQ) or other antibiotics. FQ is effective antibiotics against Mul in vitro and in vivo5). Evidence exists that DNA topoisomerase II is the therapeutic target of the drug. Remarkably, Mul expresses only DNA gyrase from a gyrB-gyrA contig in the complete genome and this enzyme is the sole target of FQs. However, the detailed molecular mechanism of Mul DNA gyrase and the mechanisms of FQ resistance were not determined. Our study aimed to determine the functional analysis of Mul DNA gyrase activities in vitro from Mul shinshuense and Agy99 strains. DNA gyrase subunits of both strains were Jpn J Lepr 91, 55-57(2022)","PeriodicalId":35918,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Leprosy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70683909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Leprosy research and United States-Japan Cooperative Medical Science Program","authors":"M. Goto, Yasuhiko Suzuki","doi":"10.5025/hansen.90.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5025/hansen.90.77","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35918,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Leprosy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70683858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Survey report on autopsies of residents of Kyushu Sanatorium/National Sanatorium Kikuchi Keifuen","authors":"R. Nogami","doi":"10.5025/hansen.90.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5025/hansen.90.67","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35918,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Leprosy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70683849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hiroyuki Watanabe, V. Anh, Huynh Cong Ai, Tran Xuan Vy, Tran Sy Duy, Tran Quang Tien, Ho Thu Linh
In Vietnam, ex-leprosy patients and their families are housed in villages called leprosy villages. The aim of this study was to measure the quality of life (QoL) of ex-leprosy patients’ children who live in these leprosy villages with their families, using the Kid-KINDL R (Vietnamese version). We collected and analyzed data from 105 individuals (58 ex-leprosy patients’ children and 47 control group children). The results showed that the scores of the ex-leprosy patients’ children in terms of physical health and having friends, as well as their total scores, were significantly lower than those of the control group. However, no significant differences were in the scores for primary school, self-esteem, and family relationships though ex-leprosy patients’ children scored significantly lower in the secondary school category. Moreo -ver, the male children in the ex-leprosy patients’ children group in secondary schools had significantly lower scores in the self-esteem and family relationship categories than their female counterparts. The results also showed that the QoL of ex-leprosy patients’ children diminished after secondary school, which necessitates support for their physical health, self-esteem, and family relationships. Meanwhile, the academic achievement of ex-leprosy patients’ children was higher than that of those in the control group in upper secondary school, who therefore required socioeconomic support to foster motivation of ex-leprosy patients’ children to study and to move on to higher education.
{"title":"QoL of ex-leprosy patients’ children in Vietnam","authors":"Hiroyuki Watanabe, V. Anh, Huynh Cong Ai, Tran Xuan Vy, Tran Sy Duy, Tran Quang Tien, Ho Thu Linh","doi":"10.5025/hansen.89.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5025/hansen.89.1","url":null,"abstract":"In Vietnam, ex-leprosy patients and their families are housed in villages called leprosy villages. The aim of this study was to measure the quality of life (QoL) of ex-leprosy patients’ children who live in these leprosy villages with their families, using the Kid-KINDL R (Vietnamese version). We collected and analyzed data from 105 individuals (58 ex-leprosy patients’ children and 47 control group children). The results showed that the scores of the ex-leprosy patients’ children in terms of physical health and having friends, as well as their total scores, were significantly lower than those of the control group. However, no significant differences were in the scores for primary school, self-esteem, and family relationships though ex-leprosy patients’ children scored significantly lower in the secondary school category. Moreo -ver, the male children in the ex-leprosy patients’ children group in secondary schools had significantly lower scores in the self-esteem and family relationship categories than their female counterparts. The results also showed that the QoL of ex-leprosy patients’ children diminished after secondary school, which necessitates support for their physical health, self-esteem, and family relationships. Meanwhile, the academic achievement of ex-leprosy patients’ children was higher than that of those in the control group in upper secondary school, who therefore required socioeconomic support to foster motivation of ex-leprosy patients’ children to study and to move on to higher education.","PeriodicalId":35918,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Leprosy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70683747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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