Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.17576/jem-2022-5603-05
Ketidaksamaan Pendapatan, Serantau di Indonesia, Peranan Pelaburan, Awam dan Swasta, D. R. Hakim, Universitas Pamulang, Iin Rosini
This study analyzed the effect of investment on regional income inequality in Indonesia using a panel dataset on 33 provinces for the period 2006 -2021. We distinguished among three forms of investment, namely, regional public investment (RDI), private domestic investment (PDI), and foreign direct investment (FDI). By employing a dynamic panel system generalized method of moment (Sys-GMM) estimation, this study revealed that PDI exacerbated regional income inequality Even though PDI alongside FDI positive affect regional economic growth. Among other findings, school participation rate and internet access reduced regional income inequality. But average years of schooling is associated is increased regional inequality suggesting that the school completion benefited middle- and high-income groups. The regional government needs to open up greater access to secondary education and create more proper digital infrastructure in remote areas. effect between investment on income inequality. Other studies find no evidence that domestic investment affects income inequality.
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Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.17576/jem-2022-5603-06
A. G. Brata, S. Triandaru, Y. Patnasari, R. Setyastuti, A. E. Sutarta, Amos Sukamto
Covid-19 pandemic has renewed the debate over economic inequality as well as the relative importance of policies for saving lives vs. protecting livelihoods during times of crisis. This paper therefore offers some insights from economic history through investigating the relationship between the Spanish Flu pandemic and income distribution at the residency level in late colonial Java, Indonesia’s most populous province. In addition, we examine recent inequality trends in Java during COVID-19. Our econometric analysis shows that population fatality during pandemic is negatively associated with economic inequality across 14 residencies. This in turn improved income distribution across residencies in the post-pandemic period in late colonial Java. We also find some evidence that estate land for commercial plantation moderated the re-distributive role of the pandemic. Based on the results, we further discuss the key lessons learned from the Spanish flu for contemporary times, proposing possible causes of increasing inequality due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the importance of protecting citizens in productive age groups, especially those on low incomes. Referring to more recent spatial and temporal trends, we conjecture on the existence of an inequality trap in Java. Although this did not follow the historical pattern evident in late colonial Java, COVID-19 may have at least a scarring effect on residency-level inequality in Java. selesema Sepanyol untuk tempoh sementara, mencadangkan kemungkinan punca peningkatan ketidaksamaan akibat pandemik COVID-19 dan kepentingan melindungi rakyat dalam kumpulan umur yang produktif, terutamanya mereka yang berpendapatan rendah. Merujuk kepada tren spatial dan temporal yang lebih terkini, kami menjangkakan wujudnya perangkap ketidaksamaan di Jawa. Walaupun ini tidak mengikut corak sejarah yang terbukti pada zaman kolonial Jawa, COVID-19 mungkin mempunyai sekurang-kurangnya kesan parut pada ketidaksamaan peringkat pemastautin di Jawa. unique historical data covering residencies in late colonial Java. The estimated population loss by the 1918-19 Spanish was sourced from (2013). Population loss is defined as the difference between data when compared Gini Index, Theil Index, Inequality Extraction Rate and Top Income Rate. data
Covid-19大流行重新引发了关于经济不平等的辩论，以及在危机时期拯救生命与保护生计的政策相对重要性。因此，本文通过调查西班牙流感大流行与印度尼西亚人口最多的爪哇省居民水平上的收入分配之间的关系，从经济史上提供了一些见解。此外，我们研究了COVID-19期间Java最近的不平等趋势。我们的计量经济学分析表明，在14个居住地，大流行期间的人口死亡率与经济不平等呈负相关。这反过来又改善了爪哇殖民地后期大流行后各居民的收入分配。我们还发现一些证据表明，用于商业种植园的地产用地缓和了疫情的再分配作用。在此基础上，我们进一步讨论了从西班牙流感中汲取的当代重要经验教训，提出了COVID-19大流行导致不平等加剧的可能原因，以及保护生产年龄组公民，特别是低收入公民的重要性。参考最近的空间和时间趋势，我们推测Java中存在不平等陷阱。尽管这与爪哇殖民后期明显的历史模式不同，但COVID-19可能至少对爪哇居民层面的不平等产生了创伤性影响。selesema Sepanyol untuk tempoh sementara, mencadangkan kemungkinan punca peningkatan ketidaksamaan akibat COVID-19大流行，但保持和melindungi rakyat dalam kumpulan umur yang产品，terutamanya mereka yang berpendapatan rendah。【翻译】Merujuk kepaada tren空间与时间，yang lebih terkini, kami menjangkakan wujudnya perangkap ketidaksamaan di java。新的冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)在爪哇流行起来，在爪哇流行起来，在爪哇流行起来。涵盖爪哇殖民地晚期居民的独特历史资料。估计1918- 1919年西班牙人的人口损失来源于(2013)。人口流失的定义是在比较基尼指数、泰尔指数、不平等提取率和最高收入率时数据之间的差异。数据
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Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.17576/jem-2022-5603-08
V. Hlasny
While the consequences of overseas migration for economic inequalities are well-documented, a relatively less researched aspect is well-being and socio-demographic status of those who chose to return to their country of origin. This paper therefore profiles returnee migrants in the Jordanian labor market as well as the causes and consequences of migration for workers’ outcomes using the 2010 and 2016 waves of the Jordanian Labor Market Panel Survey. We study changes in socioeconomic status within and across generations, linking male workers’ current outcomes to those in prior years (across different points in their careers) and to their fathers’ outcomes. We assess inter-temporal social mobility as a function of their prior migration experience, socioeconomic status and demographics. In addition, we present regression evidence of how they fare in the labor market in terms of wage returns. Our data show that migration flows evolve over time, and are driven by socioeconomic and location-specific considerations. More specifically, migration flow from Jordan is geographically highly diffused by regional standards, as Jordanians seek high-skill jobs through formal recruiting channels. Jordanian migrants typically come from urban areas and are more educated. Return migrants are concentrated in higher earning occupations. Altogether this suggests that the labor migration process in Jordan is subject to a selection bias. However, even after controlling for background differences, we find some evidence of beneficial effect of migration for social mobility. Migrants outperform non-migrants not only in terms of current outcomes, but also in their previous occupations as well as those they held 8–10 years earlier, implying that workers’ predispositions may play a role. versus within-occupation difference between non-migrants & return migrants. If we view workers’ occupation and location choice is exogenous, the impact of migration may be limited to the within-occupation earnings gap. Under this view, return-migration status is shown to have a negligible direct effect on wage earnings, of opposite signs across the survey waves. On the other hand, workers’ occupation group, type of employment, and location indicators have significant impacts. This could mean that, rather than affecting wage earnings in any job directly, status as a return migrant has bearing on workers’ opportunities regarding occupation, type of employment, sector and location. These choices may in turn affect workers’ take-home earnings.
{"title":"Socioeconomic Mobility of Return Migrants: Evidence from Jordanian Labor Market Surveys","authors":"V. Hlasny","doi":"10.17576/jem-2022-5603-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jem-2022-5603-08","url":null,"abstract":"While the consequences of overseas migration for economic inequalities are well-documented, a relatively less researched aspect is well-being and socio-demographic status of those who chose to return to their country of origin. This paper therefore profiles returnee migrants in the Jordanian labor market as well as the causes and consequences of migration for workers’ outcomes using the 2010 and 2016 waves of the Jordanian Labor Market Panel Survey. We study changes in socioeconomic status within and across generations, linking male workers’ current outcomes to those in prior years (across different points in their careers) and to their fathers’ outcomes. We assess inter-temporal social mobility as a function of their prior migration experience, socioeconomic status and demographics. In addition, we present regression evidence of how they fare in the labor market in terms of wage returns. Our data show that migration flows evolve over time, and are driven by socioeconomic and location-specific considerations. More specifically, migration flow from Jordan is geographically highly diffused by regional standards, as Jordanians seek high-skill jobs through formal recruiting channels. Jordanian migrants typically come from urban areas and are more educated. Return migrants are concentrated in higher earning occupations. Altogether this suggests that the labor migration process in Jordan is subject to a selection bias. However, even after controlling for background differences, we find some evidence of beneficial effect of migration for social mobility. Migrants outperform non-migrants not only in terms of current outcomes, but also in their previous occupations as well as those they held 8–10 years earlier, implying that workers’ predispositions may play a role. versus within-occupation difference between non-migrants & return migrants. If we view workers’ occupation and location choice is exogenous, the impact of migration may be limited to the within-occupation earnings gap. Under this view, return-migration status is shown to have a negligible direct effect on wage earnings, of opposite signs across the survey waves. On the other hand, workers’ occupation group, type of employment, and location indicators have significant impacts. This could mean that, rather than affecting wage earnings in any job directly, status as a return migrant has bearing on workers’ opportunities regarding occupation, type of employment, sector and location. These choices may in turn affect workers’ take-home earnings.","PeriodicalId":35929,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86184902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.17576/jem-2022-5603-02
{"title":"Structural Transformation, Income Inequality and Government Expenditure: Evidence from International Panel Data","authors":"","doi":"10.17576/jem-2022-5603-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jem-2022-5603-02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35929,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84134638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.17576/jem-2022-5602-5
H. Hamzah, M. Saari, M. A. Rahman, Chakrin Utit
{"title":"The Economic Impact of Workforce Disruptions on The Output During COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"H. Hamzah, M. Saari, M. A. Rahman, Chakrin Utit","doi":"10.17576/jem-2022-5602-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jem-2022-5602-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35929,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia","volume":"307 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73172802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.17576/jem-2022-5602-7
{"title":"Aplikasi Model Altman untuk Meramal Kejadian Kemungkiran Sukuk di Pasaran Sukuk Malaysia","authors":"","doi":"10.17576/jem-2022-5602-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jem-2022-5602-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35929,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75618454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.17576/jem-2022-5602-3
{"title":"The Influence of Corporate Governance on Financial Derivatives Decisions","authors":"","doi":"10.17576/jem-2022-5602-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jem-2022-5602-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35929,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73685506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.17576/jem-2022-5602-6
Abdalla Sirag
The current study aims to examine the economic effects of health status. Employing data from 43 African countries, this study utilized the Pooled Mean Group estimation method of the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) for cointegration to analyze the short-run and long-run relationship between health status and economic growth. In assessing the health status, we use life expectancy, infant mortality rates and mortality rate under the age of five measures. The results show that life expectancy in the long term was positively correlated with GDP per capita. In addition, infants and under-five mortality rates for both categories were negatively linked to the degree of long-term economic growth, suggesting a positive correlation between health status and growth. The study contributes to our understanding of the significance of health status as a main ingredient of economic growth in the African continent. Therefore, African policy makers are urged to pay particular attention to their healthcare services and any other factors that can help improve the health of their people.
{"title":"The Effects of Health Status and Child Mortality on the African Economies","authors":"Abdalla Sirag","doi":"10.17576/jem-2022-5602-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jem-2022-5602-6","url":null,"abstract":"The current study aims to examine the economic effects of health status. Employing data from 43 African countries, this study utilized the Pooled Mean Group estimation method of the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) for cointegration to analyze the short-run and long-run relationship between health status and economic growth. In assessing the health status, we use life expectancy, infant mortality rates and mortality rate under the age of five measures. The results show that life expectancy in the long term was positively correlated with GDP per capita. In addition, infants and under-five mortality rates for both categories were negatively linked to the degree of long-term economic growth, suggesting a positive correlation between health status and growth. The study contributes to our understanding of the significance of health status as a main ingredient of economic growth in the African continent. Therefore, African policy makers are urged to pay particular attention to their healthcare services and any other factors that can help improve the health of their people.","PeriodicalId":35929,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89963697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.17576/jem-2022-5602-2
{"title":"Kesan Perlanjutan Pendidikan ke Atas Perkembangan Kerjaya","authors":"","doi":"10.17576/jem-2022-5602-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17576/jem-2022-5602-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35929,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82727701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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