Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny最新文献

Background: Wild edible plants (WEPs) that are part of the Mediterranean diet and used in Moroccan traditional food and therapy are now less or not used. This requires their valorization to avoid the threat of their disappearance. The objective of this work was therefore to determine the mineral content in the parts of some WEPs species used for their health benefits in the Rif in Morocco.

Material and methods: The parts of the WEPs species used, the leaves of Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) masters, the aerial parts of Lavandula stoechas L., the stems of Rubia peregrina L., the seeds of Ammodaucus leucotrichus Coss. & Dur., known under the local names of Laaraar, Halhal, Foua, and Kamoun soufi respectively, are washed with distilled water, dried in an oven and crushed. The extracts of the powders obtained are analyzed for the quantification of mineral elements by ICP spectrophotometer.

Results: The analysis results of ICP-OES show that the aerial parts of Lavandula stoechas L. are rich in K, Mg, Fe, Na, and Zn. The stems of Rubia peregrina L. are rich in Fe, Na, Mg, Zn, K, Ca, and Mn. The leaves of Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) masters are rich in Fe, Ca, K, Na, Mn and Mg and the seeds of Ammodaucus leucotrichus Coss. & Dur. are rich in K, Ca, Mg, Na.

Conclusion: The results reported in the samples of the WEPs analyzed present significant contents in minerals, in particular in K, Fe, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn and Mn and show that in addition to their medicinal values these species have a nutritional potential and could contribute to the dietary balance.

Background: To date, there have been no studies in Poland on weight gain in women with twin pregnancies in relation to recommendations.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the gestational weight gain of women with twin pregnancies depending on their body weight before pregnancy, and to assess the relationship between the observed weight gain and the neonatal birth weight.

Material and methods: The study was conducted among 50 women in twin pregnancies and their 100 newborns delivered after 36 weeks of gestation. Gestational weight gain was assessed based on the American Institute of Medicine guidelines for women in twin pregnancies. Data on the pre-pregnancy body weight and gestational weight gain were collected by interviewing the patients. Neonatal data were obtained from the hospital medical records.

Results: Normal gestational weight gain was observed only in 38% of the women. In women with monochorionic pregnancy, too low body weight gain occurred almost 3 times more often than in women with dichorionic pregnancy (74% vs. 26%), (p<0.001). Women with monochorionic pregnancies also gave birth to statistically significantly more newborns with low birth weight (<2500 g), compared to women with dichorionic pregnancies (62.5% vs. 37.5%) (p=0.007). The mean birth weight of newborns born to mothers with excessive weight gain was 151 g higher than children born to mothers with normal weight gain (2727 g vs. 2576 g) (p=0.035).

Conclusions: In the majority of studied women in twin pregnancies, gestational weight gain was not compliant with the current recommendations. The risk of insufficient weight gain is higher in women with monochorionic pregnancies compared to women with dichorionic pregnancies.

Background: The nutritional value and health-promoting properties cause the fruits (acorns) of Quercus ilex to have great potential for use in the food industry as functional ingredients and antioxidants source.

Objective: In this study, the amount of total phenolic compounds, flavonoids in different extracts (defatted, non-defatted) and composition of fatty acids in the fruits oils of Quercus ilex were investigated. Besides, antioxidant activity was determined.

Material and methods: Fatty acids were extracted with n-hexane and determined by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (GC-MS). Total phenolic and flavonoids contents in the extracts were measured spectrophotometrically and the antioxidant activities were tested by the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), free radical scavenging assay, free radical-scavenging ABTS and total antioxidant capacity.

Results: The amount of total phenolic and flavonoid compounds in the defatted Q. ilex were 634.36±27.41 mg GAE/g DW and 96.85±2.13 mg RE/g DW, respectively. Unsaturated fatty acids were detected in higher amounts than saturated fatty acids. The primary unsaturated fatty acids of the Quercus ilex oil were oleic acid (65.38%), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (16.64%) and palmitic acid (12.81%). Besides, defatted Q. ilex extract showed remarkable DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity with IC₅₀ values of 0.008±0.0008, 0.005±0.001 mg/ml respectively, while high total antioxidant capacity of the non-defatted extract with VCEAC value 0.13±0.006.

Conclusions: Q. ilex oil contained high amounts of polyphenols, high essential fatty acids and antioxidant potential for producing specific health promoting antioxidants in food and pharmaceutical industry.

Introduction: Gluten-free diet (GFD) is the only effective treatment for coeliac disease. The aim of GFD is to provide all necessary nutrients, excluding products containing gluten or products contaminated with it.

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the diet of a selected group of children with coeliac disease by analysing the frequency of consumption of basic food groups.

Material and methods: The study involved a group of 50 children between the ages of 1 and 10, whose parents completed food frequency questionnaires and a 7-day diary of current notes. The large age range precluded quantitative assessment of intake, so further analysis was qualitative. The assessment was based on the Diet Quality Indicators (DQI).

Results: The results indicated a low variety of vegetables consumed, especially raw, and the proportion of fruit and fruit preparations significantly exceeding the amount of vegetables consumed. The GFD was dominated by light gluten-free bread and rice and millet groats. The main sources of animal protein were meat and its products and eggs, there was a very low consumption of fish and low consumption of legumes and unsweetened fermented dairy drinks. Water, flavoured waters and fruit juices and drinks were the main liquids consumed in the study group of children. In school-aged children were observed to consume frequent (daily, several times a week) sweet snacks and toast. The majority of patients complied with the GFD, however, deviations were noted, of which the children's parents were informed.

Conclusions: The assessment of GFD quality in most of the studied children indicated a need to improve its quality, particularly in terms of increasing the intake of vegetables and reducing the intake of easily digestible carbohydrates. Regular monitoring of GFD quality and education of children and parents on the principles of GFD and proper nutrition.

Background: The early school period is essential in shaping dietary habits. This process is largely dependent on the nutritional knowledge of parents and caregivers.

Objective: To assess the impact of parents' nutritional knowledge on the frequency of consumption of selected groups of food products by their children at early-school aged.

Material and methods: The survey, in the form of an online survey, was conducted among parents of children from grades 1-3. The study included 179 children aged 6-11 years (mean 8.1), 54.5% of whom were girls. Questions about children's eating habits included the frequency of consumption of specific product groups (fruits, vegetables, dairy products, whole grain cereal products, fish, meat, cold cuts, legumes, nuts and seeds, eggs, sweets). Nutritional knowledge was determined on the basis of parents' self-assessment. Statistical analysis included a heat map and Pearson correlation.

Results: A high level of nutritional knowledge of parents was associated with a high correlation in the consumption of fruits and vegetables (0.64), and in the case of vegetable consumption with a high correlation with the consumption of whole grains and legumes. Negative correlations were found between meat consumption and consumption of vegetables, whole grains and legumes. In the nutrition model of children of people declaring a lack of nutritional knowledge, a strong positive correlation was also found between the consumption of fruit and vegetables (0.72), vegetables and meat (0.75), as well as nuts and milk (0.75). The consumption of sweets was strongly correlated with the consumption of fish, legumes and cold cuts, and negatively correlated with the consumption of whole grains, meat and nuts. The heat map shows a clearly higher consumption of sweets and cold cuts among children of people declaring a lack of nutritional knowledge.

Conclusions: Research confirms that parents' high nutritional knowledge is associated healthier food choices for their children.

Background: The recommended intake of vegetables and fruits is an important element of dietotherapy in the treatment of excess body weight and dyslipidemia in children and adolescents.

Objective: Assessment of vegetables and fruits consumption by children and adolescents with excess body weight and diagnosed dyslipidemia before participating in the nutritional intervention program.

Material and methods: The study included 64 children and adolescents (44 boys and 20 girls) aged 8-16 with overweight or obesity and dyslipidemia. These were patients of the Children's Memorial Health Institute in Warsaw referred by a pediatrician to participate in the nutritional intervention program. Vegetables and fruits consumption was estimated based on a 3-day current food record and the validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ-6).

Results: The average consumption of total vegetables and fruits was 593±311 g, including 286±163 g of vegetables and 306±199 g of fruits (no differences in the groups with overweight and obesity, p>0.05). Compared to participants with overweight, patients with obesity consumed more vegetables per 1000 kcal of diet (p=0.034). In total, 41% of children and adolescents had a greater share of vegetables than fruits in meeting the recommendations (no differences between groups of participants with overweight or obesity, p>0.05). About half of the participants ate vegetables and fruits less than once a day. Raw vegetables and fruits were chosen more often than processed ones or juices.

Conclusions: Only 16% of children and adolescents with excess body weight and dyslipidemia before participating in the nutritional intervention program did not consume the recommended amounts of vegetables and fruits set at a minimum of 400 g. In nutritional education, special attention should be paid to promoting the consumption of several portions of vegetables and fruits every day, as well as their appropriate proportions.

Background: Nitrites should be limited in the diet because their potential carcinogenic effects. However, the addition of nitrites is essential to maintain the microbiological safety of meat products, mainly to protect them from bacteria Clostridium botulinum and to preserve the pink colour of meat products and to give them desirable organoleptic properties. Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) for nitrite (expressed as nitrite ion) established by EFSA is 0.07 mg per kilogram of body weight per day (mg kg^-1 day^-1), equivalent to 0.1 mg kg^-1 day^-1 of sodium nitrite.

Objective: The aim of this study was the assessment of sodium nitrite intake in meat products and exposure to this compound in Polish adolescents.

Material and methods: The analysis of sodium nitrite intake with selected meat products by young Poles was based on consumption data of these products by adolescents aged 11-17 in 2019-2020 and analytical data on the actual content of sodium nitrite in meat products provided by laboratories of sanitary and epidemiological stations in 2017 and 2018 (4 voivodships).

Results: The intake of sodium nitrite by adolescents aged 11-17 years in total, both the mean (0.063 mg kg^-1 day^-1) and the median (0.050 mg kg^-1 day^-1) did not exceed ADI. On the other hand, the intake of sodium nitrite at the 95th percentile (P95) was 195% of the ADI, and the highest intake was found in young boys - 200% of the ADI.

Conclusions: The average intake of sodium nitrite from meat products by Polish adolescents was generally lower than ADI. However, there was observed potential risk of excessive intake for some boys and girls who had a high consumption of meat products.

The growing problem of sensory integration disorders indicates the need to understand the role of the senses in children's food acceptance and to use this knowledge to determine actions to reduce food selectivity and neophobic attitudes. The paper analyzed the current scientific literature data concerning the impact of sensory integration disorders on children's eating behaviors. The influence of multisensory experiences and sensory education in shaping the proper eating habits of children with sensory integration disorders was also discussed. The importance of educational programs in public institutions and programs dedicated to parents' children with sensory integration disorders was emphasized. Analysis of current scientific literature data regarding the research topic (databases: Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, Elsevier) was performed. Analysis of literature data indicates that sensory integration disorders affect children's eating habits and increase the risk of food selectivity and neophobic behaviors. Sensory learning-based interventions increase children's engagement and facilitate the formation of proper eating habits. Sensory education programs should be interactive and tailored to the individual needs of children with sensory integration disorders. It is extremely important to support parents in increasing their theoretical and practical knowledge.

Introduction: Dietary supplements have become a common practice, including among children. It is worth noting that supplementation can have a twofold effect: a pro-health effect - improving the nutritional status of the body, or a harmful effect - increasing the risk of nutrient overdose, such as when several preparations are used simultaneously.

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the determinants of dietary supplement consumption by children aged 3-10.

Material and methods: The study used a questionnaire method among parents of 151 children attending kindergarten and elementary schools in the Mazovia Province.

Results: Dietary supplements were used by 54.3% of the children surveyed the year before the study. Women with a university education were significantly more likely to supplement their children than women with a secondary or primary education (60.6% and 42.3%, respectively). More children with normal body weight (58.6%) were given supplements than those with overweight and obesity (27.3%). The vast majority of children (66%) took one supplement daily. Concomitant use of supplements with fortified products was observed in 71.4% of respondents. The decision to use a supplement was mainly made by the parents themselves (62%).

Conclusions: Educating parents about the benefits and risks of using dietary supplements is necessary. The use of such preparations should be consulted with a specialist, i.e., a doctor or dietician. It is worth noting that a well-balanced diet should provide all the nutrients, vitamins, and minerals for the child's proper development.

Background: Early childhood is a time of developing eating habits and taste preferences, which is most influenced by the family environment. Milk and dairy products play an important role in the diet of post-infant children, as they provide many nutrients that condition the proper growth and development of the young body.

Objective: Assessment of the preferences for milk and selected dairy products and the frequencies of their consumption by mothers and their children aged 1 to 3 years.

Material and methods: The study was conducted in 2019 in a group of women (n=94) aged 20-40 years who have a child aged 1-3 years and do not exclude milk and dairy products from their own or their child's diet. The study applied the Computer-Assisted Web Interview (CAWI) method using a survey including food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) developed on the basis of the Dietary Habits and Nutrition Beliefs Questionnaire (KomPAN) for research on dietary views and habits and questions about the preferences of mothers and their children regarding milk and selected dairy products.

Results: Products that were preferred by mothers and children were also consumed significantly more often in both groups (p≤0.05). Preferences for selected dairy products in the group of mothers and their children were also similar. The most popular products in both groups were: yoghurt, cottage cheese and rennet cheese, with the latter being preferred by significantly more mothers than children (p<0.001). The frequency of consumption of selected dairy products among women and children was similar, namely the most frequently consumed dairy products were: milk, yoghurt and rennet cheese, and the least frequently consumed were buttermilk and kefir.

Conclusions: Considering the achieved results, it seems reasonable to conduct activities encouraging the consumption of fermented milk products, especially kefir and buttermilk, which have many beneficial health properties and which are the least preferred by mothers and their children aged 1-3 years, and therefore the least consumed.