{"title":"09. On the geographic distribution of the caecilians Caecilia goweri and Caecilia occidentalis","authors":"Juan David Fernández-Roldán, J. Lynch","doi":"10.33256/hb162.3031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33256/hb162.3031","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35972,"journal":{"name":"Herpetological Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47682104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"18. The Secret Life of the Adder: The Vanishing Viper","authors":"Rick Hodges","doi":"10.33256/hb162.4748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33256/hb162.4748","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35972,"journal":{"name":"Herpetological Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47079178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"04. Eastern green lizard Lacerta viridis predation on adult wall lizard Podarcis muralis - another reason for tail loss in small lacertids?","authors":"M. Leu, S. Petrovan","doi":"10.33256/hb162.1718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33256/hb162.1718","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35972,"journal":{"name":"Herpetological Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45843346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"14. Skin secretions from the velvet swamp snake Erythrolamprus typhlus","authors":"Rafael A. Camayo, J. A. Zúñiga-Baos","doi":"10.33256/hb162.3940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33256/hb162.3940","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35972,"journal":{"name":"Herpetological Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43625540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. S. França, Uécson S.C. DE OLIVEIRA, R. C. Gonzalez
{"title":"11. A female Amazon water snake Hydrops martii with an exceptionally large number of secondary follicles","authors":"M. S. França, Uécson S.C. DE OLIVEIRA, R. C. Gonzalez","doi":"10.33256/hb162.3334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33256/hb162.3334","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35972,"journal":{"name":"Herpetological Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49659339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The welfare needs of reptiles in zoological collections are generally less well understood than those of other taxa. Crocodilians represent an excellent opportunity to study a commonly-housed, conservation-dependant zoo animal. We studied the behaviour and enclosure use of five dwarf caimans Paleosuchus palpebrosus through day and night, at two British zoological collections; the enclosures had either six or seven identifiable zones. Time of day, mean temperature and collection were used as predictors of behaviour and enclosure usage. Camera traps recorded the position and behaviour of caimans at 30-second intervals. At each zoo, 80 hours of data were collected from which we constructed activity budgets and calculate a relativised Electivity Index of enclosure usage. The results identified that water-based perching, floating, swimming, immobile water behaviour and underwater behaviour were significantly affected by time of day, and that collection and temperature were good predictors of some behaviours. As for enclosure use, zone 3 (shallow water) was slightly overutilised in both collections, while all other zones were underutilised. Time was a significant predictor of the use of zones 3, 5, 6 and 7. There is considerable scope for future research on crocodilians in zoos.
{"title":"02. Investigating the behaviour and enclosure use of zoo-housed Cuvier’s dwarf caiman Paleosuchus palpebrosus","authors":"Kevin Leigh Gray, J. Brereton","doi":"10.33256/hb162.510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33256/hb162.510","url":null,"abstract":"The welfare needs of reptiles in zoological collections are generally less well understood than those of other taxa. Crocodilians represent an excellent opportunity to study a commonly-housed, conservation-dependant zoo animal. We studied the behaviour and enclosure use of five dwarf caimans Paleosuchus palpebrosus through day and night, at two British zoological collections; the enclosures had either six or seven identifiable zones. Time of day, mean temperature and collection were used as predictors of behaviour and enclosure usage. Camera traps recorded the position and behaviour of caimans at 30-second intervals. At each zoo, 80 hours of data were collected from which we constructed activity budgets and calculate a relativised Electivity Index of enclosure usage. The results identified that water-based perching, floating, swimming, immobile water behaviour and underwater behaviour were significantly affected by time of day, and that collection and temperature were good predictors of some behaviours. As for enclosure use, zone 3 (shallow water) was slightly overutilised in both collections, while all other zones were underutilised. Time was a significant predictor of the use of zones 3, 5, 6 and 7. There is considerable scope for future research on crocodilians in zoos.","PeriodicalId":35972,"journal":{"name":"Herpetological Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47238678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
affected by drought, although many amphibians exhibit plasticity in the duration of tadpole development, in response to drought conditions, with trade-offs such as reduced body condition, survival etc. (Cayuela et al., 2016; Yeung, 2021). Droughts may be induced by human activity such as when check dams are drained for maintenance purposes. Check dams are important civil engineering structures built for soil conservation, groundwater recharging and water extraction, and are very common in Indian streams (Agoramoorthy et al., 2008). Here, we report the first observations of the deaths of overwintering tadpoles of two species of Nanorana during check dam maintenance. It is known that check dams have negative impacts on stream channel morphology (Fortugno et al., 2017), water quality, velocity, and substrate fineness (Kang & Kazama, 2012), cause loss of larval microhabitat (Thomas et al., 2019), and influence the breeding ecology of frogs (Lind et al., 1996). However the influence of check dam maintenance has been little documented. Our observations concern two dicroglossid frog species. The small paa frog Nanorana minica (Dubois, 1975) that is associated with montane subtropical forests and streams distributed in Nepal, Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh at 1000–2400 m a.s.l. (Ohler et al., 2004; Bhattarai et al., 2020; Frost, 2021). It is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List and major conservation threats are waterway management and loss of habitat through forest clearance (Ohler et al., 2004). The other species is the Himalaya paa frog Nanorana vicina (Dubois, 1976) that is distributed in the Himalayan front of India, north-central Pakistan from Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh to Punjab, and Uttarakhand ranging from 2000–3000 m a.s.l. and is associated with montane streams, springs, fountains and other running water within open forest and grassland habitats (Ohler & Dutta, 2004; Frost 2021). Apart from morphological descriptions and other natural history records, little is known of the larval ecology of either species (Das & Dutta, 2007; Sircar, 2010; Banerjee et al., 2020; Gill et al., 2020; Jithin, 2021). Jithin (2021) reported overwintering tadpoles of N. minica and N. vicina from the western Himalaya, India. The overwintering tadpoles feed on periphyton growing on check dam walls, bedrocks, boulders, cobbles, leaf litter surface, submerged logs in the pool; humus and animal carcasses; the check dam pools also offer a temperature gradient (Boix-Fayos et al., 2007: Banerjee et al., 2020; Jithin, 2021). We recorded tadpole mortality at two check dam maintenance events along the Dhobhighat (Ringali Gad) stream, flowing through the Mussoorie Wildlife Sanctuary. This second-order stream flows through private resorts,
受干旱影响，尽管许多两栖动物在蝌蚪发育期间表现出可塑性，以应对干旱条件，权衡如身体状况下降，生存等(Cayuela et al.， 2016;杨,2021)。干旱可能是由人类活动引起的，例如为了维护而排干堤坝。拦河坝是重要的土木工程结构，用于土壤保持、地下水补给和取水，在印度河流中非常常见(Agoramoorthy等人，2008)。在这里，我们报告了第一次观察到的越冬蝌蚪死亡的两种纳纳拉纳在水坝维修期间。众所周知，拦河坝对河道形态(Fortugno et al.， 2017)、水质、流速和基质细度(Kang & Kazama, 2012)、幼虫微栖息地丧失(Thomas et al.， 2019)和青蛙繁殖生态(Lind et al.， 1996)都有负面影响。然而，关于淤地坝养护对淤地坝的影响，文献记载甚少。我们的观察涉及两种双舌蛙。分布在尼泊尔、北阿坎德邦和喜马偕尔邦海拔1000-2400米的亚热带山地森林和溪流中与小蛙Nanorana minica (Dubois, 1975)有关(Ohler等，2004;Bhattarai et al.， 2020;霜,2021)。它被列为世界自然保护联盟红色名录中的易危物种，主要的保护威胁是水道管理和森林砍伐导致的栖息地丧失(Ohler等，2004年)。另一种是喜马拉雅paa蛙Nanorana vicina (Dubois, 1976)，分布在海拔2000-3000米的印度喜马拉雅前线、巴基斯坦中北部从克什米尔、喜马偕尔邦到旁遮普和北阿坎德邦，与山地溪流、泉水、喷泉和其他开放森林和草原栖息地的流水有关(Ohler & Dutta, 2004;霜2021)。除了形态描述和其他自然历史记录外，对这两个物种的幼虫生态知之甚少(Das & Dutta, 2007;Sircar, 2010;Banerjee et al.， 2020;Gill et al.， 2020;Jithin, 2021)。Jithin(2021)报道了印度喜马拉雅西部的N. minica和N. vicina的越冬蝌蚪。越冬蝌蚪以坝壁、基岩、巨石、鹅卵石、枯叶枯落物表面、池内沉木上生长的周生植物为食;腐殖质及动物尸体;拦河坝池也提供温度梯度(Boix-Fayos等，2007;Banerjee等，2020;Jithin, 2021)。我们在流经Mussoorie野生动物保护区的Dhobhighat (Ringali Gad)河沿线的两次水坝维护活动中记录了蝌蚪死亡率。这种二阶流流经私人度假村，
{"title":"07. Deaths of overwintering Nanorana spp. tadpoles due to desiccation during check dam maintenance in a western Himalayan stream, India","authors":"V. Jithin, Abhijit Das","doi":"10.33256/hb162.2325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33256/hb162.2325","url":null,"abstract":"affected by drought, although many amphibians exhibit plasticity in the duration of tadpole development, in response to drought conditions, with trade-offs such as reduced body condition, survival etc. (Cayuela et al., 2016; Yeung, 2021). Droughts may be induced by human activity such as when check dams are drained for maintenance purposes. Check dams are important civil engineering structures built for soil conservation, groundwater recharging and water extraction, and are very common in Indian streams (Agoramoorthy et al., 2008). Here, we report the first observations of the deaths of overwintering tadpoles of two species of Nanorana during check dam maintenance. It is known that check dams have negative impacts on stream channel morphology (Fortugno et al., 2017), water quality, velocity, and substrate fineness (Kang & Kazama, 2012), cause loss of larval microhabitat (Thomas et al., 2019), and influence the breeding ecology of frogs (Lind et al., 1996). However the influence of check dam maintenance has been little documented. Our observations concern two dicroglossid frog species. The small paa frog Nanorana minica (Dubois, 1975) that is associated with montane subtropical forests and streams distributed in Nepal, Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh at 1000–2400 m a.s.l. (Ohler et al., 2004; Bhattarai et al., 2020; Frost, 2021). It is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List and major conservation threats are waterway management and loss of habitat through forest clearance (Ohler et al., 2004). The other species is the Himalaya paa frog Nanorana vicina (Dubois, 1976) that is distributed in the Himalayan front of India, north-central Pakistan from Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh to Punjab, and Uttarakhand ranging from 2000–3000 m a.s.l. and is associated with montane streams, springs, fountains and other running water within open forest and grassland habitats (Ohler & Dutta, 2004; Frost 2021). Apart from morphological descriptions and other natural history records, little is known of the larval ecology of either species (Das & Dutta, 2007; Sircar, 2010; Banerjee et al., 2020; Gill et al., 2020; Jithin, 2021). Jithin (2021) reported overwintering tadpoles of N. minica and N. vicina from the western Himalaya, India. The overwintering tadpoles feed on periphyton growing on check dam walls, bedrocks, boulders, cobbles, leaf litter surface, submerged logs in the pool; humus and animal carcasses; the check dam pools also offer a temperature gradient (Boix-Fayos et al., 2007: Banerjee et al., 2020; Jithin, 2021). We recorded tadpole mortality at two check dam maintenance events along the Dhobhighat (Ringali Gad) stream, flowing through the Mussoorie Wildlife Sanctuary. This second-order stream flows through private resorts,","PeriodicalId":35972,"journal":{"name":"Herpetological Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47602890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gabrieli Santos DE ARAÚJO, Renan Augusto Ramalho, O. A. Marques, S. M. de Almeida-Santos
{"title":"17. First record of male-male combat and courtship in the brown vine snake Oxybelis aeneus","authors":"Gabrieli Santos DE ARAÚJO, Renan Augusto Ramalho, O. A. Marques, S. M. de Almeida-Santos","doi":"10.33256/hb162.4546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33256/hb162.4546","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35972,"journal":{"name":"Herpetological Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42904795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"15. Smooth newts Lissotriton vulgaris observed hibernating in a waterfowl nest","authors":"A. J. van der Goot, Manon de Visser, A. Hiemstra","doi":"10.33256/hb162.4142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33256/hb162.4142","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35972,"journal":{"name":"Herpetological Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49535177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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