J. M. Mora, Lucía I. López, G. Chaves, José Miguel Mora
{"title":"05. Amelanism in the Nicaraguan slider turtle Trachemys grayi in Costa Rica","authors":"J. M. Mora, Lucía I. López, G. Chaves, José Miguel Mora","doi":"10.33256/hb162.1920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33256/hb162.1920","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35972,"journal":{"name":"Herpetological Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41950969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
in snakes and is considered to be an ancestral characteristic of the group (Senter et al., 2014). Rival males engage in combat in order to gain mating dominance or access to fertile females. Combat is generally non-lethal and combatants attempt to force the head of their competitor to the ground, often by entwining their bodies to exert a downward pressing force, known as topping. Herein we present the first known recorded observation of male combat in Leioheterodon madagascariensis, a Malagasy endemic now also found on the Comoros Islands (Meirte, 1993). It is a large and common lamprophiid species that may reach lengths of 1800 mm and is frequently encountered close to human habitation where it eats rats and eggs (Glaw & Vences, 2007). The species has an upturned rostral scale, which is referred to in the common name, that is used for foraging under leaf litter and sand (Glaw & Vences, 2007). Previously, the only reproductive behaviour described for L. madagascariensis has been courtship and mating between a captive male and female (Campbell & Murphy, 1977). On 24 July 2019 at 11:28 h during a herpetofaunal survey in the north-west dry forests of the Mahamavo region of Madagascar (15° 28’30.7” S, 46° 41’43.4” E), two large adult male L. madagascariensis were observed engaged in combat (BHS video, 2022). The two males were found mid combat on a frequently used village path, with both snakes seemingly undisturbed by the presence of the two authors despite being only metres away. Their body and tail regions were entwined, and heads elevated (Fig. 1A). Both snakes attempted to pin the head of the other, whilst continuously coiling around each other without much forward travel. An individual would attempt to pin the head of the other to the ground with the underside of its own head, whilst the other would jerk its head to one side in an effort to not be pinned and to try to regain dominance. Combat was observed for approximately 8 minutes and the position of dominance switched repeatedly. Whilst combat in other species sometimes involves multiple phases (Guedes et al., 2019; Senter et al., 2014), combat in L. madagascariensis only seemed to have a ‘topping’ phase, but it must be noted that combat was not observed from the start. No biting was observed. When combat was completed, the victor flared and raised its neck in a manner often exhibited in L. madagascariensis’ defensive behaviour (Fig. 1B) and appeared to chase off the loser, which moved off the path into the undergrowth, shortly followed by the victor. We did not observe a female, however, a passing villager claimed to have seen another snake, which we assumed to be the female. The victor was later caught and biometric data recorded. The snake was the largest L. madagascariensis caught during the survey season (1500 mm long and weighing 1200 g); its large size may have played a role in victory (Glaudas et al., 2020; Schuett, 1997). Whilst handled, the snake convulsed its cloacal region, seem
它被认为是该群体的祖先特征(Senter et al.， 2014)。敌对的雄性参与战斗是为了获得交配优势或接近有生育能力的雌性。战斗通常是非致命的，战斗者试图将对手的头压在地上，通常是通过身体相互缠绕来施加向下的压力，称为顶球。在这里，我们提出了已知的第一个关于马达加斯加利异齿龙(Leioheterodon madagascar)雄性战斗的观察记录，这是一种马达加斯加特有物种，现在也在科摩罗群岛发现(Meirte, 1993)。它是一种常见的大型鳃虫，身长可达1800毫米，经常在人类居住地附近遇到，以老鼠和卵为食(Glaw & Vences, 2007)。该物种有一个向上的吻侧鳞片，这是在通用名称中提到的，用于在落叶和沙子下觅食(Glaw & Vences, 2007)。在此之前，人们对马达加斯加夜蛾唯一的生殖行为描述是圈养的雄性和雌性之间的求爱和交配(Campbell & Murphy, 1977)。2019年7月24日11时28分，在马达加斯加Mahamavo地区西北干旱森林(南纬15°28′30.7”，东经46°41′43.4”)进行的一项爬行动物区系调查中，观察到两只大型成年雄性马达加斯加夜蛾在战斗(BHS视频，2022)。这两条雄蛇是在一条经常被使用的村庄小路上被发现的，尽管距离只有几米远，但两条蛇似乎并没有被这两位作者的出现所打扰。它们的身体和尾部缠绕在一起，头部抬高(图1A)。两条蛇都试图夹住对方的头，同时不停地缠绕在对方身上，没有太多的向前移动。其中一只会试图用自己的头部下方将另一只的头部钉在地面上，而另一只则会把头向一侧摆动，努力不被钉住，并试图重新获得统治地位。战斗被观察了大约8分钟，统治位置反复变换。而其他物种的战斗有时涉及多个阶段(Guedes et al.， 2019;Senter et al.， 2014)，马达加斯加河鼠的战斗似乎只有一个“顶部”阶段，但必须注意的是，战斗从一开始就没有被观察到。未观察到咬人现象。当战斗结束时，胜利者张开双臂，抬起脖子，这是马达加斯加夜蛾防御行为中常见的一种方式(图1B)，似乎是在追赶失败者，后者离开小路，进入灌木丛中，紧接着是胜利者。我们没有看到一条母蛇，然而，一个路过的村民声称看到了另一条蛇，我们认为那是那条母蛇。获胜者随后被抓住并记录了生物特征数据。这条蛇是调查季节捕获的最大的马达加斯加蛇(长1500毫米，重1200克);它的大尺寸可能在胜利中发挥了作用(Glaudas et al.， 2020;Schuett, 1997)。当被人触摸时，蛇会抽搐它的泄殖腔区域，似乎是对触摸的反应或敏感，可能表明在战斗中受到性刺激。尽管在抓蛇的过程中表现出明显的疲劳，
{"title":"12. First record of male-male combat in the Malagasy giant hognose snake Leioheterodon madagascariensis","authors":"Samuel Betts, J. Mawer","doi":"10.33256/hb162.3536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33256/hb162.3536","url":null,"abstract":"in snakes and is considered to be an ancestral characteristic of the group (Senter et al., 2014). Rival males engage in combat in order to gain mating dominance or access to fertile females. Combat is generally non-lethal and combatants attempt to force the head of their competitor to the ground, often by entwining their bodies to exert a downward pressing force, known as topping. Herein we present the first known recorded observation of male combat in Leioheterodon madagascariensis, a Malagasy endemic now also found on the Comoros Islands (Meirte, 1993). It is a large and common lamprophiid species that may reach lengths of 1800 mm and is frequently encountered close to human habitation where it eats rats and eggs (Glaw & Vences, 2007). The species has an upturned rostral scale, which is referred to in the common name, that is used for foraging under leaf litter and sand (Glaw & Vences, 2007). Previously, the only reproductive behaviour described for L. madagascariensis has been courtship and mating between a captive male and female (Campbell & Murphy, 1977). On 24 July 2019 at 11:28 h during a herpetofaunal survey in the north-west dry forests of the Mahamavo region of Madagascar (15° 28’30.7” S, 46° 41’43.4” E), two large adult male L. madagascariensis were observed engaged in combat (BHS video, 2022). The two males were found mid combat on a frequently used village path, with both snakes seemingly undisturbed by the presence of the two authors despite being only metres away. Their body and tail regions were entwined, and heads elevated (Fig. 1A). Both snakes attempted to pin the head of the other, whilst continuously coiling around each other without much forward travel. An individual would attempt to pin the head of the other to the ground with the underside of its own head, whilst the other would jerk its head to one side in an effort to not be pinned and to try to regain dominance. Combat was observed for approximately 8 minutes and the position of dominance switched repeatedly. Whilst combat in other species sometimes involves multiple phases (Guedes et al., 2019; Senter et al., 2014), combat in L. madagascariensis only seemed to have a ‘topping’ phase, but it must be noted that combat was not observed from the start. No biting was observed. When combat was completed, the victor flared and raised its neck in a manner often exhibited in L. madagascariensis’ defensive behaviour (Fig. 1B) and appeared to chase off the loser, which moved off the path into the undergrowth, shortly followed by the victor. We did not observe a female, however, a passing villager claimed to have seen another snake, which we assumed to be the female. The victor was later caught and biometric data recorded. The snake was the largest L. madagascariensis caught during the survey season (1500 mm long and weighing 1200 g); its large size may have played a role in victory (Glaudas et al., 2020; Schuett, 1997). Whilst handled, the snake convulsed its cloacal region, seem","PeriodicalId":35972,"journal":{"name":"Herpetological Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47790220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The agile frog Rana dalmatina is a common and frequently studied species in Europe including long-term studies of population change. Several have employed spawn clump counts to give estimates of annual presence of reproductive females. Spawn clumps are also subject to predation but little is known of the extent of losses but it could impact population densities significantly. The objective of the present study was to assess the extent of spawn clump losses due to predation in a population of R. dalmatina in western France using data from numbers of spawn clumps recorded over a four-year period (2019–2022). Spawn counts were greatest during 2019 but numbers declined with a zero count in 2022. Predation was greatest in 2021, the year total counts were lowest, but there were no statistical difference between annual losses, which varied from 22.9–41.6 %. Most spawn was deposited in a series of ditches rather than in the two available ponds but statistically predation levels were in agreement, with ditches ranging from 26.1–40 % versus ponds 28.6–40 %. Observed predators were ducks and alien crayfish Procambarus clarkii. The latter consumes all stages of frog development and hence likely represents the greater threat, especially since it has the capacity for population increase to very high numbers.
{"title":"01. Annual spawn clump losses in a population of the agile frog Rana dalmatina in western France","authors":"Meek Roger","doi":"10.33256/hb162.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33256/hb162.14","url":null,"abstract":"The agile frog Rana dalmatina is a common and frequently studied species in Europe including long-term studies of population change. Several have employed spawn clump counts to give estimates of annual presence of reproductive females. Spawn clumps are also subject to predation but little is known of the extent of losses but it could impact population densities significantly. The objective of the present study was to assess the extent of spawn clump losses due to predation in a population of R. dalmatina in western France using data from numbers of spawn clumps recorded over a four-year period (2019–2022). Spawn counts were greatest during 2019 but numbers declined with a zero count in 2022. Predation was greatest in 2021, the year total counts were lowest, but there were no statistical difference between annual losses, which varied from 22.9–41.6 %. Most spawn was deposited in a series of ditches rather than in the two available ponds but statistically predation levels were in agreement, with ditches ranging from 26.1–40 % versus ponds 28.6–40 %. Observed predators were ducks and alien crayfish Procambarus clarkii. The latter consumes all stages of frog development and hence likely represents the greater threat, especially since it has the capacity for population increase to very high numbers.","PeriodicalId":35972,"journal":{"name":"Herpetological Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48525343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"06. New record of the green vine snake Oxybelis fulgidus in the Cerrado of Mato Grosso, central Brazil: A significant shift from forest to savannah?","authors":"Arthur de Sena, F. Corrêa, F. M. Quintela","doi":"10.33256/hb162.2122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33256/hb162.2122","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35972,"journal":{"name":"Herpetological Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47130583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"08. Dark gaping - presumed independent origin for a remarkable warning signal in four Neotropical snake species","authors":"O. A. Marques, I. Sazima","doi":"10.33256/hb162.2629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33256/hb162.2629","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35972,"journal":{"name":"Herpetological Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42570532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"pdf 15. J.G. Schneider’s Historiae Amphibiorum: Herpetology at the Dawn of the 19th Century","authors":"R. Downie","doi":"10.33256/hb161.4748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33256/hb161.4748","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35972,"journal":{"name":"Herpetological Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46665684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"01. Evaluation of cloacoscopy for sex determination in the Argentine black and white tegu Salvator merianae","authors":"F. Spadola","doi":"10.33256/hb161.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33256/hb161.14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35972,"journal":{"name":"Herpetological Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41739464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"10. Effect of hypoxia on the embryonic and larval development of the Nagaland montane torrent toad Duttaphrynus chandai in India","authors":"Lal Muansanga","doi":"10.33256/hb161.3739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33256/hb161.3739","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35972,"journal":{"name":"Herpetological Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42042898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT - Diet and trophic interactions are essential for understanding aspects of the natural history of a species and evaluating its role within the ecosystem. A successful coloniser often has the ability to exploit a wide variety of prey during its establishment and may generate negative impacts due to competition with the local fauna. During both the dry and rainy seasons of 2019, in a suburban ecosystem in western Cuba, we analysed the diet of the recently introduced white-lipped frog Leptodactylus fragilis. Captured frogs were measured and stomach-flushed and released 24 h after analysis at the site of capture. Ninety-one L. fragilis were captured, 73 of them (80.2 %) had prey in the stomach. The most consumed prey were beetles, followed by spiders, and crickets. No difference was observed in prey consumption between seasons. This frog may change its foraging strategy according to the habitat it occupies. In this study, we observed high values of food niche breadth, which may imply a greater competition of L. fragilis for food resources with the native syntopic anurans in Cuba. Studies on temporal and spatial dynamics are needed to understand the possible competitive interaction with native amphibians in this area.
{"title":"06. Diet of the recently introduced white-lipped frog Leptodactylus fragilis from a suburban ecosystem in western Cuba","authors":"L. García-Padrón","doi":"10.33256/hb161.2427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33256/hb161.2427","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT - Diet and trophic interactions are essential for understanding aspects of the natural history of a species and evaluating its role within the ecosystem. A successful coloniser often has the ability to exploit a wide variety of prey during its establishment and may generate negative impacts due to competition with the local fauna. During both the dry and rainy seasons of 2019, in a suburban ecosystem in western Cuba, we analysed the diet of the recently introduced white-lipped frog Leptodactylus fragilis. Captured frogs were measured and stomach-flushed and released 24 h after analysis at the site of capture. Ninety-one L. fragilis were captured, 73 of them (80.2 %) had prey in the stomach. The most consumed prey were beetles, followed by spiders, and crickets. No difference was observed in prey consumption between seasons. This frog may change its foraging strategy according to the habitat it occupies. In this study, we observed high values of food niche breadth, which may imply a greater competition of L. fragilis for food resources with the native syntopic anurans in Cuba. Studies on temporal and spatial dynamics are needed to understand the possible competitive interaction with native amphibians in this area.","PeriodicalId":35972,"journal":{"name":"Herpetological Bulletin","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41866457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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