Khirurgiya最新文献

Modern guidelines have identified thoracoscopic thymectomy as a preferable option for myasthenia gravis and non-invasive thymoma. In the era of the new coronavirus infection, it is relevant to develop protocols for anesthetic and perioperative support of patients undergoing thymectomy for myasthenia gravis after COVID-associated pneumonia (CAP). We present the results of thoracoscopic thymectomies in patients after CAP. Multidisciplinary team should determine therapeutic support, the need for plasmapheresis and thymectomy. Plasmapheresis and glucocorticosteroids are effective in addition to anticholinesterase therapy at the stages of perioperative support for correction of neurological status in patients with myasthenia combined with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary hypertension. Outpatient direct anticoagulants are advisable considering the need for prolonged postoperative prevention of thrombotic events.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of negative pressure therapy in patients with peritonitis.

Material and methods: The study included 127 patients with advanced secondary peritonitis between 2019 and 2022. All patients were divided into 2 groups. All ones underwent staged sanitation of the abdominal cavity. In the first group (n=76), re-laparotomies were accompanied by skin suture only and passive abdominal drainage. The second group included patients (n=51) with open abdominal cavity strategy and negative pressure therapy (vacuum-assisted laparostomy). We analyzed the number of surgeries, postoperative complications, duration of hospital-stay and mortality.

Results: In the second group, there were significantly lower morbidity, mean number of surgeries and hospital-stay. In addition, incidence of fascial closure of abdominal cavity was higher and mortality rate was lower in the same group.

Conclusion: Vacuum-assisted laparostomy in patients with advanced peritonitis can reduce the number of secondary purulent complications and mortality, as well as increase the incidence of fascial closure of abdominal cavity. This approach reduces the number of surgical interventions and duration of in-hospital treatment.

Objective: To evaluate the long-term influence of preoperative invasive coronary screening and preventive myocardial revascularization on mortality and cardiac complications after open surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA).

Material and methods: We present long-term outcomes after open surgery for AAA between 2011 and 2022. Patients without clinical or objective signs of coronary artery disease were included. In the 1^st group, routine coronary angiography was performed before surgery. Prophylactic myocardial revascularization was performed in 12 cases. Long-term data on 45 patients were obtained. In the 2^nd group, 53 patients underwent repair without invasive coronary screening, and data on 48 patients were obtained in this group.

Results: The median follow-up was 32 and 79 months, respectively. Kaplan-Meyer overall 48-month survival was 87.3% and 82.1%, respectively (p=0.278). In the first group, 2 patients developed angina pectoris in the same period. In the second group, we observed 2 cases of myocardial infarction and 3 cases of angina pectoris without infarction. Analysis of survival curves found no significant differences (p=0.165).

Conclusion: In our study, invasive coronary screening and preventive myocardial revascularization in patients without clinical and objective signs of coronary artery did not improve 4-year long-term period after abdominal aortic repair. Perhaps, differences will appear after 4 years, and this requires further follow-up after coronary angiography. However, there is a tendency towards more common onsets of coronary artery disease that dictates the need for cardiac monitoring of such patients.

Objective: To present modern aspects of improving surgical techniques in tracheal resection developed in recent years.

Material and methods: The authors have the most extensive experience in tracheal surgery (>2.000 patients over the past 50 years). Diagnostic capabilities, perioperative management and surgical techniques have changed over such a long period. This concerns the proposed classification of cicatricial tracheal stenosis, features of endoscopic and X-ray diagnostics, indications for various surgeries, choice of surgical approach, technique of tracheal tube mobilization and anastomosis after tracheal excision. Preventive measures for severe postoperative complications are described.

Conclusion: Such an extensive experience allowed the authors to develop an algorithm for the treatment of patients with tracheal stenosis. This significantly reduced the incidence of postoperative complications and mortality. Replication of such equipment is associated with technical support of hospitals and professional level of specialists consisting of endoscopist, anesthesiologist, intensive care specialist and thoracic surgeon.

Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of identifying the sentinel lymph node in breast cancer using the «MARS» system for fluorescent diagnostics in near infrared light.

Material and methods: There were 51 patients with breast cancer cT0-2N0M0 between July 2023 and October 2023. Mean age of patients was 52.3 years. Invasive ductal carcinoma was diagnosed in 39 (76.5%) patients, invasive lobular carcinoma - in 8 (15.7%) patients, other forms of breast cancer - in 4 (7.8%) patients.

Results: Sentinel lymph node was successfully identified in all cases (n=51). A total of 122 sentinel lymph nodes were detected and mapped (2.4 nodes per a patient).

Conclusion: The MARS system for intraoperative fluorescence diagnostics in near-infrared light is effective for identifying the sentinel lymph node in breast cancer.

Endovascular aortic repair has advanced significantly over the last decades, but type IA endoleaks are still formidable complications requiring immediate intervention due to high risk of rupture. We present successful endovascular treatment of type IA endoleak in a patient with giant abdominal aortic aneurysm. A modified fenestrated stent graft was implanted. This technique was effective in complex vascular anatomy. Modified fenestrated stent grafts can be an effective alternative for the treatment of delayed type IA endoleaks. However, such interventions should be performed in specialized hospitals with subsequent careful follow-up to ensure efficacy and safety.

Objective: To evaluate the results of treatment of postoperative complications in one surgical center over 10 years.

Material and methods: There were 100 patients with intrapleural complications and indications for surgical correction after various cardiothoracic interventions between 2013 and 2023.

Results: Mortality after thoracoscopic surgeries for cardiothoracic complications was 5%. There were 3 patients after on-pump cardiac and aortic surgeries, 1 patient after right-sided pneumonectomy with resection of the tracheobronchial angle. In all cases, the indication for video-assisted thoracoscopy was pulmonary-pleural complications with sepsis. One patient died after repeated VATS. This was a 66-year-old patient with severe mitral and tricuspid regurgitation. Postoperative period was accompanied by severe respiratory failure and hemopneumothorax that required emergency VATS surgery for hemostasis and one-stage tracheostomy. Despite the intensive care, the patient died under progressive multiple organ failure. Other patients were discharged.

Conclusion: Thoracoscopic technologies allow for complete debridement of the pleural cavities and mediastinum, as well as elimination of causes of complications. Interdisciplinary interaction and trust are necessary for successful treatment of postoperative complications in cardiothoracic surgery.

Objective: To determine the impact of clinical, laboratory, and intraoperative variables on postoperative complications in patients over 50 years of age with acute appendicitis.

Material and methods: An observational, analytical, cross-sectional study included patients over 50 years old who underwent surgery for acute appendicitis. The sample included 206 patients, and clinical, laboratory, and surgical data were collected from medical records. The Clavien-Dindo classification was used to estimate postoperative complications. Data were analyzed using SPSS software v.28.

Results: Postoperative morbidity rate was 30.09%. Clinical variables such as age, male gender, duration of illness, presence of type 2 diabetes (DM2), and arterial hypertension (HTA), along with laboratory variables such as leukocyte count, Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), blood glucose, creatinine, and C-reactive protein (CRP), were significantly associated with postoperative complications (p<0.05). In addition, intraoperative variables such as surgery time, ASA III score, perforated appendicitis, peritonitis, laparoscopic appendectomy and hospital stay were significantly associated with postoperative complications (p<0.05).

Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of various clinical, laboratory, and intraoperative variables in predicting postoperative complications in patients over 50 years old with acute appendicitis. ASA III score, CRP, perforated appendicitis, and surgery time are associated with postoperative complications.

Objective: To study the diagnostic value of fluorescent lymphography for sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer.

Material and methods: The cohort study, conducted at 4 specilized centers between June 2019 and March 2024, included 333 patients with cT1-4 N0-1M0 breast cancer. 50 patients received neoadjuvant systemic therapy, 14 of them had single metastases, confirmed by cytological or histological methods, which clinically completely regressed after systemic treatment. Immediately before the operation, 1 ml (5mg) of indocyanine green was injected subareolarly or subcutaneously into the tumor projection. Fluorescence imaging was performed using various devices for ICG navigation in the open surgical field - MARS, IC-Flow, Stryker SPY-PHI, IC-GOR. In 78 patients after sentinel lymph node biopsy standard axillary lymphadenectomy was performed.

Results: Detection level was 99.1%. The average number of sentinel lymph nodes was 3.4. Metastatic lesions of sentinel lymph nodes were detected in 54 of 330 patients (16.4%). The average number of metastatic lymph nodes was 1.6; in 90.7% of cases metastases to 1-2 lymph nodes were registered. Intraoperative morphological examination revealed metastases only in 59% of cases. No systemic adverse events were recorded. The false-negative error rate in the group of patients who underwent axillary lymphadenectomy was 6.6%. The overall accuracy of fluorescent lymphography for sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer was 94%.

Conclusion: The SLNB technique using fluorescence lymphography is safe and highly accurate as a stand-alone method.

Objective: To identify the factors associated with normal leukocyte count and C-reactive protein (CRP) in adults with acute appendicitis.

Material and methods: A retrospective cohort study included patients aged 18-60 years after surgeries for acute appendicitis. Convenience sampling was used to select medical records, and variables such as age, sex, weight, height, origin, self-medication, diabetes (DM2), high blood pressure (HBP), type of appendicitis, duration of illness, preoperative time, type of appendectomy, operative time, and hospital stay were analyzed. Patients were categorized into those with normal and abnormal inflammatory parameters. The SPSS version 28 software was used for analysis.

Results: We included 333 patients; 11.11% ones had normal inflammatory parameters. Both groups had mean age of approximately 33 years. Men comprised 56.76% and 57.43%in both groups, respectively. The abnormal group had shorter mean preoperative time, and catarrhal appendicitis was more common in the normal group. Multivariate analysis revealed that rural origin and self-medication were significantly associated with normal inflammatory parameters.

Conclusion: The prevalence of normal inflammatory parameters in acute appendicitis patients was 11.11%. Rural origin, self-medication, shorter preoperative time, and catarrhal appendicitis were significantly associated with normal inflammatory parameters in this context.