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Radiocarbon dating of naturally shed reindeer antlers melted out of retreating and down-wasting ice patches and ice caps in western Norway 挪威西部退缩和消减的冰斑和冰盖中自然脱落的驯鹿角的放射性碳年代测定
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.5324/fn.v43i0.5854
A. Nesje
A rise in summer temperatures, especially since the turn of the 21st century, has caused negative mass balance and marginal retreat of ice caps and ice patches in western Norway. Twentytwo naturally shed reindeer antlers found at retreating and down-melting margins of fourteen retreating ice patches and ice caps on mountain summits in western Norway during the recent decades have been radiocarbon dated. The reindeer antlers show no evidence of being sawed or cut off the skull or any engravings/scrape marks if the antlers had been handled by humans. The oldest reindeer antler in this study dates at 2201-2132 cal. yr BCE. Four dated antlers fall within the age range 2300-2000 cal. yr BCE. Single dates fall within the time ranges 1100 to 1000, 900 to 800, and 500 to 300 cal. yr BCE. Four dated antlers are within the time range 200 BCE to 100 cal. yr CE and two dated antlers fall within the time range 600 to 800 cal. yr CE. Finally, fifteen dates fall within the time range 1300-1900 cal. yr CE, the highest number (n=11) between 1300 and 1600 cal. yr CE. The temperature decline and increased precipitation causing advancing glaciers and ice caps, accompanied by growing ice patches during the Neoglacial period, including the early phase of the Little Ice Age, provided good preservation conditions for the reindeer antlers during the Little Ice Age, with extensive ice and snow cover in the high mountains in western Norway.
夏季气温的升高,尤其是进入21世纪以来的气温升高,造成了挪威西部冰盖和冰斑的负质量平衡和边缘退缩。近几十年来,在挪威西部山顶的 14 个后退冰盖和冰帽的后退和融化边缘发现了 22 只自然脱落的驯鹿鹿角,对这些鹿角进行了放射性碳年代测定。这些驯鹿鹿角没有被锯断或从头骨上切下的痕迹,也没有任何雕刻/刮痕(如果鹿角曾被人类处理过)。这项研究中最古老的驯鹿角的年代为公元前 2201-2132 年。四个鹿角的年代属于公元前 2300-2000 年。单个日期的年代范围分别为公元前 1100 至 1000 年、900 至 800 年和 500 至 300 卡年。四个年代的鹿角位于公元前 200 年至公元前 100 年的时间范围内,两个年代的鹿角位于公元前 600 年至公元前 800 年的时间范围内。最后,有 15 个年代属于公元前 1300-1900 年之间,其中公元前 1300-1600 年之间的数量最多(11 个)。在新冰期(包括小冰期的早期阶段),气温下降和降水量增加导致冰川和冰盖不断扩大,同时冰斑不断增加,这为小冰期驯鹿鹿角的保存提供了良好的条件,挪威西部的高山上有大面积的冰雪覆盖。
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引用次数: 0
Considerations needed for analysing data from the Swedish Electrofishing RegiSter (SERS), with special reference to the RivFishTIME database of long-term riverine fish surveys 分析瑞典电鱼系统 (SERS) 数据时需要考虑的因素,特别是 RivFishTIME 长期河流鱼类调查数据库
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-20 DOI: 10.5324/fn.v42i0.5647
Joacim Näslund, Mikael Andersson, Sara Bergek, Erk Degerman, Serena Donadi, Jon Duberg, Kerstin Holmgren, Anders Kinnerbäck, Berit Sers, Thomas Staveley, Helena Strömberg, Erik Myrstener
The published database RivFishTIME (Comte et al. 2021, Global Ecology and Biogeography, doi: 10.1111/geb.13210) includes a large section of time-series data on fish abundance in Swedish rivers from the Swedish Electrofishing RegiSter, SERS. Knowledge about the limitations of the source data are important when extracting and analyzing data and with this brief note we provide some details that may be helpful for interpreting the Swedish time-series. The note highlights the importance of linking vital metadata to extracted focal data when constructing new databases, especially concerning time series data from monitoring programs conducted in non-randomly selected sites with human environmental impacts. Many of the SERS data come from rivers that have been affected by human impact, e.g. liming to mitigate environmental acidification and hydropower dams, since before monitoring was initiated. Data in SERS are also biased towards shallow salmonid habitats, due to the configuration of Swedish monitoring programs. Hence, data from many rivers are not representative of their fish biodiversity in general. This information is vital for appropriate interpretation of fish biodiversity trends. For RivFishTIME analyses considerations are important since Swedish data constitutes a large proportion of the database. We also provide background information about SERS and references to other Swedish databases containing complementary information. Finally, we provide contact information of the SERS database  curators, who can assist prospective analysts with data extraction from SERS.
已发布的 RivFishTIME 数据库(Comte 等人,2021 年,《全球生态学与生物地理学》,doi: 10.1111/geb.13210)包含了瑞典河流鱼类丰度的大量时间序列数据,这些数据来自瑞典电鱼区(SERS)。在提取和分析数据时,了解源数据的局限性非常重要,我们在本简短说明中提供了一些细节,可能对解读瑞典的时间序列数据有所帮助。本说明强调了在构建新数据库时将重要元数据与提取的焦点数据联系起来的重要性,尤其是在非随机选择的、对人类环境有影响的地点开展的监测项目中的时间序列数据。许多 SERS 数据来自于在监测开始之前就受到人类影响的河流,如为缓解环境酸化而进行的石灰化和水电大坝。由于瑞典监测计划的配置,SERS 中的数据也偏向于浅层鲑鱼栖息地。因此,许多河流的数据并不能代表其鱼类生物多样性的总体情况。这些信息对于适当解释鱼类生物多样性趋势至关重要。对于 RivFishTIME 分析而言,由于瑞典数据在数据库中占很大比例,因此考虑这些因素非常重要。我们还提供了有关 SERS 的背景信息,以及包含补充信息的其他瑞典数据库的参考资料。最后,我们还提供了 SERS 数据库管理员的联系信息,他们可以帮助潜在的分析人员从 SERS 中提取数据。
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引用次数: 0
Annual growth of brown trout in alpine lakes is highly influenced by spring snow depth and ice-out day 高寒湖泊褐鳟的年生长受春季积雪深度和出冰日的影响较大
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-24 DOI: 10.5324/fn.v42i0.5071
Reidar Borgstrøm
Growth of annular zones in otoliths of brown trout from the alpine lakes Litlosvatn and Kollsvatn on western part of the Hardangervidda mountain plateau have been studied during the period 2004–2021, concurrent with recordings of accumulated snow in spring and dates of ice-out. Unlike the conditions in lowland areas, years with much accumulated snow have not decreased during the last decades, and years with delayed ice break-up are still frequent, opposite the trend observed elsewhere in Europe and in North America. The annual growth of the brown trout otoliths is significantly reduced in years with much snow in April and late ice-out dates, irrespective of age of the fish, indicating that somatic growth of brown trout is considerably reduced in such years. Accumulated snow in spring and ice-out day may thus be useful parameters in predictions of fish production and potential yield in such alpine lakes.
在2004-2021年期间,利用春季积雪和出冰日期的记录,研究了哈当尔山区高原西部Litlosvatn和Kollsvatn高寒湖泊褐鳟耳石中环状带的生长情况。与低地地区的情况不同,在过去的几十年里,大量积雪的年份并没有减少,而且冰破裂延迟的年份仍然频繁出现,这与在欧洲和北美其他地方观察到的趋势相反。无论鱼的年龄如何,在4月多雪和冰期较晚的年份,褐鳟耳石的年生长都明显减少,这表明在这些年份,褐鳟的体细胞生长明显减少。因此,在预测这些高山湖泊的鱼类产量和潜在产量时,春季积雪和结冰日可能是有用的参数。
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引用次数: 0
Distribution of the gill parasite Discocotyle sagittata (Monogenea: Polyopisthocotylea) in parr of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and sea trout S. trutta in Norwegian rivers 挪威河流中部分大西洋鲑鱼和海鳟鱼鳃寄生弓形盘尾虫(单属:多子叶目)的分布
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-24 DOI: 10.5324/fn.v42i0.5063
Tor Atle Mo
The monogenean gill parasite Discocotyle sagittata is reported from parr of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and sea trout S. trutta in the anadromous part of 86 out of 223 Norwegian rivers. The prevalence in each river varied from 1.5% to 88.9%. This study has significantly increased our knowledge about the occurrence of this salmonid parasite in Norway. Most likely, D. sagittata has a much wider distribution all over the country and probably also occur in numerous inland lakes, rivers and streams.
据报道,在挪威223条河流中有86条河流的河口,大西洋鲑鱼Salmo salar和海鳟鱼S. trutta的一部分中存在单基因鳃寄生弓形盘尾虫。各条河流的患病率从1.5%到88.9%不等。这项研究大大增加了我们对挪威这种鲑鱼寄生虫的了解。最有可能的是,D. sagittata在全国有更广泛的分布,也可能出现在许多内陆湖泊、河流和溪流中。
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引用次数: 0
The first record of Gyraulus cf. acronicus (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia, Planorbidae) in waterbodies of the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago 新地群岛水体中Gyraulus cfc . acronicus(腹足目,异鳃目,Planorbidae)的首次记录
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.5324/fn.v42i0.4917
N. B. Ovchankova, A. Krasheninnikov
The knowledge on diversity of freshwater molluscs in the Arctic islands of the Russian Federation remains incomplete. The present study provides the first record of the North Palaearctic species Gyraulus cf. acronicus (Férussac, 1807) on the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago. It is also the first finding of freshwater gastropods on the archipelago and the northernmost record for Gyraulus in the Palaearctic Region. The questions still remain: whether our finding belongs to a recent or a subfossil or fossil population, and how gastropods could colonize the Arctic islands. Several possibilities of dispersal are discussed: the former land-bridge once connecting the archipelago islands to the mainland, and the dispersal of snails with other animals after the Ice Sheet retreat.
关于俄罗斯联邦北极岛屿淡水软体动物多样性的知识仍然不完整。本研究首次记录了北古北界物种Gyraulus cf.acronicus(Férussac,1807)在Novaya-Zemlya群岛上的分布。这也是该群岛上首次发现淡水腹足类动物,也是古北区Gyraulus的最北记录。问题仍然存在:我们的发现是属于最近的还是亚化石或化石种群,以及腹足类动物如何在北极岛屿上定居。讨论了几种扩散的可能性:曾经连接群岛岛屿和大陆的陆桥,以及冰盖消退后蜗牛与其他动物的扩散。
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引用次数: 0
A paradoxical bias in knowledge about Norwegian freshwater fishes: research efforts during 1980-2020 关于挪威淡水鱼知识的矛盾偏见:1980-2020年的研究工作
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.5324/fn.v42i0.4965
L. A. Vøllestad
Norwegian freshwater systems are in general species poor. That is particularly the case for the freshwater fishes. Only 32 species are considered native, whereas an additional 12 species are non-native. Some of the non-native species are also considered to be invasive and have negative ecosystem effects. Freshwater fishes are exposed to numerous stressors through their life cycle, many of which are of anthropogenic origin. In order to manage and conserve the diversity of fish there is a need for basic knowledge and understanding. Here I make an effort to review the published research on all Norwegian freshwater fish species during the 1980-2020 period, based on a standardized search on the Web of Science. Over 2000 relevant articles were retrieved and evaluated following the search. The research activity has been highly biased, with most research activity directed at a few species of high economic and societal value. Most work was directed at Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and brown trout S. trutta, and in general towards species within the salmonid family. Extremely little attention was directed at species such as the lampreys (four species) and sculpins (three species). Also, many species that has been listed on the Norwegian Red List during various time periods has not been given any particular attention. This lack of attention was also evident for most of the non-native species. The strong bias in research activity and lack of attention given to many species will clearly lead to difficulties in making appropriate management decisions. This is unfortunate, in particular in a time when climate change may lead to numerous ecosystem level changes.
挪威的淡水系统总体上物种贫乏。对于淡水鱼来说尤其如此。只有32种被认为是本地的,而另外12种是非本地的。一些非本地物种也被认为是入侵性的,对生态系统有负面影响。淡水鱼在其生命周期中暴露于许多压力源,其中许多是人为的。为了管理和保护鱼类的多样性,需要有基本的知识和理解。在此,我基于科学网络上的标准化搜索,努力回顾1980-2020年期间所有挪威淡水鱼物种的已发表研究。检索并评估了2000多篇相关文章。研究活动一直高度偏颇,大多数研究活动针对少数具有高经济和社会价值的物种。大多数研究都是针对大西洋鲑鱼Salmo salar和褐鳟鱼S. trutta,一般来说是针对鲑鱼科中的物种。很少有人关注像七鳃鳗(四种)和雕刻鱼(三种)这样的物种。此外,许多在不同时期被列入挪威红色名录的物种没有得到任何特别的关注。对于大多数非本地物种来说,这种缺乏关注的情况也很明显。研究活动中的强烈偏见和对许多物种缺乏关注显然会导致做出适当管理决策的困难。这是不幸的,特别是在气候变化可能导致许多生态系统水平变化的时代。
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引用次数: 1
Upper thermal threshold of Lepidurus arcticus (Branchiopoda, Notostraca) in lakes on the southern outreach of its distribution range 在其分布范围南缘的湖泊中,北方鳞虱(branchi足目,Notostraca)的上热阈值
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-12-07 DOI: 10.5324/fn.v41i0.3832
T. Qvenild, E. Fjeld, A. Fjellheim, J. Hammar, T. Hesthagen, Hanna-Kaisa Lakka
The Arctic tadpole shrimp Lepidurus arcticus has a circumpolar distribution and the Scandes (Fennoscandian Mountains) marks its southernmost limit in Europe. Within this area, 391 natural and 88 regulated lakes with L. arcticus have been identified, of which 87% are above the treeline. The lakes hosting L. arcticus decrease in altitude from south to north, which results from its temperature preferences. The majority of the locations are at a lower lake air temperature than 11°C which is equivalent to a water temperature near 14°C. This is assumed to be near the upper thermal threshold for L. arcticus. In lakes that exceed this average summer water temperature (1 July – 15 September), sustainable populations seem to be rare. In warmer lakes, life cycle mismatches are assumed to explain the absence of L. arcticus, most likely by affecting the embryo and juvenile stages. The distribution appears to be dichotomous, with one large northern area north of 65°N and one separated southern “island”. Only two locations of L. arcticus are known for the area between latitudes 62.88 and 64.39°N. In this part of the Scandes, the lakes are likely too warm to host L. arcticus as most of them are situated below 700 m a.s.l. This may also be the case in the northernmost region, north of 70°N, where only 11 populations are recorded. Most of the lakes in this area typically occurs below 400 m a.s.l. L. arcticus populations are sensitive to fish predation, and dense fish populations may be another stressor limiting its distribution. In contrast to water bodies in the High Arctic where L. arcticus only exists in shallow, fishless ponds, in the Scandes they co-exist with fish in 97% of the findings. Global warming has already modified the environment of the Scandes, and populations of L. arcticus are at threat in many of the small and shallow water bodies at low altitudes.
北极蝌蚪虾Lepidurus arcticus分布在极地周围,斯堪的纳维亚山脉(Fennoscandian Mountains)标志着它在欧洲的最南端。在这一区域内,已发现391个自然湖泊和88个管制湖泊,其中87%在树线以上。从南向北,北极乳杆菌所在湖泊的海拔高度逐渐降低,这是由于其对温度的偏好所致。大多数地点的湖空气温度低于11°C,相当于水温接近14°C。这被认为是接近北极乳杆菌的最高热阈值。在超过夏季平均水温(7月1日至9月15日)的湖泊中,可持续的种群数量似乎很少。在温暖的湖泊中,生命周期不匹配被认为是解释北极乳杆菌缺失的原因,最有可能是由于影响了胚胎和幼年阶段。其分布似乎是二分的,在北纬65°以北有一个大的北部地区,在南部有一个分离的“岛”。在北纬62.88°和64.39°之间的地区,已知的北极乳杆菌只有两个位置。在斯堪的斯山脉的这一部分,湖泊可能过于温暖,不适合北极骆马生存,因为它们大多数位于海拔700米以下。在北纬70°以北的最北端地区,也可能是这种情况,那里只记录了11个种群。该地区大部分湖泊集中在海拔400米以下,北极夜蛸种群对鱼类捕食十分敏感,鱼类密集可能是限制其分布的另一个压力因素。与北极高纬度地区的水体相比,北极乳杆菌只存在于没有鱼的浅水池塘中,而在斯堪的纳维亚地区,它们与鱼类共存的比例为97%。全球变暖已经改变了斯堪的纳维亚地区的环境,在许多低海拔的小而浅的水体中,北极乳杆菌的种群受到威胁。
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引用次数: 0
Introduced European minnow Phoxinus phoxinus in alpine lakes may increase total mercury concentration in brown trout Salmo trutta 在高山湖泊中引入的欧洲明鱼Phoxinus Phoxinus可能会增加褐鳟Salmo trutta的总汞浓度
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-26 DOI: 10.5324/fn.v41i0.3967
R. Borgstrøm, S. Rognerud, S. Meland, B. O. Rosseland
In Norway, the cyprinid European minnow Phoxinus phoxinus has been spread far outside its previous natural distribution area, with lots of establishments in mountain lakes where brown trout Salmo trutta originally was the only fish species. We have analysed δ15N and total mercury (THg) concentration in brown trout from eight lakes, situated between 1031 and 1244 m a.s.l. on the Hardangervidda mountain plateau, southern Norway. One of the lakes is inhabited by brown trout and European minnow, while in the other seven lakes, brown trout is the only fish species. δ15N of brown trout were significantly higher in the population with co-existing European minnow, indicating a higher trophic position of brown trout in this population than in the allopatric populations, probably caused by piscivory, as indicated by frequent occurrence of European minnow in brown trout diet. The mercury concentrations in brown trout from this lake had values up to around 0.4 mg THg per kg wet weight. The concentrations were significantly higher than in the lakes without European minnow, and together with the δ15N values, indicating that translocation and establishment of European minnow may increase the trophic position of brown trout in previously allopatric populations, and thereby also increase the mercury level. 
在挪威,欧洲鲤鱼Phoxinus Phoxinus的分布范围远远超出了其以前的自然分布区,在山区湖泊中有许多场所,而褐鳟Salmo trutta最初是唯一的鱼类。我们分析了挪威南部哈丹格尔维达高原海拔1031至1244米的八个湖泊中褐鳟鱼的δ15N和总汞(THg)浓度。其中一个湖泊居住着褐鳟和欧洲鲇鱼,而在其他七个湖泊中,褐鳟是唯一的鱼类。褐鳟鱼的δ15N在与欧洲鲇鱼共存的种群中显著较高,表明褐鳟在该种群中的营养地位高于异父种群,这可能是由鱼类引起的,正如欧洲鲇鱼在褐鳟饮食中频繁出现所表明的那样。该湖褐鳟鱼体内的汞浓度高达每公斤湿重0.4毫克THg左右。浓度明显高于没有欧洲鲤鱼的湖泊,加上δ15N值,表明欧洲鲤鱼的迁移和建立可能会增加褐鳟在以前异地种群中的营养地位,从而也会增加汞水平。
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引用次数: 0
Alien amphipods (Arthopoda; Crustacea) in the Tista Estuary, Halden, southeastern Norway 外来的片脚类动物(节肢动物;挪威东南部哈尔登的Tista河口的甲壳类动物
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-11-26 DOI: 10.5324/fn.v41i0.3957
I. Spikkeland, J. P. Nilssen
Two new amphipods for Norway Melita nitida and Corophium multisetosum (Crustacea; Amphipoda) were registered in brackish waters in the Tista Estuary in Halden, southeastern Norway. Both species were found in the samples from Tista’s outlet into the Idde Fjord, C. multisetosum in the beach zone and M. nitida at about 4 m depth. Melita nitida is a North American species first found in Europe in the Netherlands in 1998, and since then dispersed into the Baltic Sea via the Kiel Canal and now also found several places on the German Baltic Sea coast and in the Black Sea. Corophium multisetosum was collected even before the 1920s in Western Europe, and is considered native for Europe, whereas its relationship to North America is more ambiguous. From the British Isles and the Netherlands, it seems to have spread to Germany, Poland, Denmark and Sweden, and at present Norway. Until now the two species were found in small numbers at the Norwegian sites and their influence on the total benthic community is probably negligible in this initial phase. The Tista Estuary in Halden apparently appears to be a hotspot for alien brackish water species in Norway. Generally estuaries, with their combination of brackish water jointly with their unsaturated ecological niches and intensive international ship traffic, seem to possess the highest potential infection rate for aquatic systems with alien acrozoobenthic species.
挪威Melita nitida和Corophium multistosum的两种新的两栖纲动物(甲壳纲;两栖纲)在挪威东南部哈尔登的Tista河口的半咸水中登记。这两种物种都是在Tista进入Idde峡湾的出口、海滩区的C.multistosum和大约4米深的M.nitida的样本中发现的。尼蒂达Melita nitida是一种北美物种,1998年在荷兰首次在欧洲发现,此后通过基尔运河扩散到波罗的海,现在也在德国波罗的海海岸和黑海的几个地方发现。多齿冠伞甚至在20世纪20年代之前就在西欧被采集,被认为原产于欧洲,而它与北美的关系则更为模糊。从不列颠群岛和荷兰,它似乎已经传播到德国、波兰、丹麦和瑞典,目前还有挪威。到目前为止,在挪威遗址发现的这两个物种数量很少,在最初阶段,它们对整个底栖生物群落的影响可能可以忽略不计。哈尔登的蒂斯塔河口显然是挪威外来咸水物种的热点。一般来说,河口的微咸水、不饱和的生态位和密集的国际船舶交通,似乎对水生系统的外来大型底栖动物物种具有最高的潜在感染率。
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引用次数: 0
A review of grass flies (Diptera, Chloropidae) of Karelia and Murmansk Province of Russia 俄罗斯卡累利阿省和摩尔曼斯克省草蝇类(直翅目,叶蝉科)的研究进展
Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.5324/fn.v40i0.3406
E. Nartshuk, A. Polevoi, A. Przhiboro
One hundred and sixteen species of Chloropidae (Diptera) are recorded in Russian Karelia and Murmansk Province: 112 in Karelia and 44 in Murmansk Province. Twenty-two and seven species are new for Karelia and Murmansk Province, respectively. Calamoncosis oscinella is for the first time reported from Russia and Elachiptera breviscutellata - from European Russia. Pseudogaurax venustus is reinstated as Gaurax venustus. Taxonomic notes are provided on Eribolus nana, Polyodaspis ruficornis, Oscinella vindicata and Cetema simile. The distribution and biological data are given for every species. Point maps are provided for species with at least one exactly known location. The zoogeographical structure of Chloropidae fauna on the examined territories is briefly discussed and compared with other north-European countries.
在俄罗斯卡累利阿省和摩尔曼斯克省共发现蠓科(双翅目)116种,其中卡累利阿省112种,摩尔曼斯克省44种。卡累利阿省和摩尔曼斯克省分别新增22种和7种。这是首次在俄罗斯和俄罗斯欧洲地区报道的短叶鞘翅目。伪金星高卢恢复为金星高卢。给出了小飞蛾、水叶蝉、水叶蝉和水叶蝉的分类说明。给出了每个物种的分布和生物学数据。为至少有一个确切已知位置的物种提供点图。本文简要讨论了该地区绿足科动物群的动物地理结构,并与其他北欧国家进行了比较。
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引用次数: 2
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Fauna Norvegica
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