Pub Date : 2023-04-24DOI: 10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1213447
Lorena KİMBERLY SİLVA ALCÂNTARA, Luiz Felipe CARREİRO MACHADO, Isabela Penna Ceravolo, R. Martins, Marcus Vinícius DİAS SOUZA
Abstract: There is a growing technical difficulty to treat infectious diseases due to molecular mechanisms of resistance to antimicrobial drugs, such as biofilm formation. Here we provide evidence of the antimicrobial potential of the hydroethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves, traditionally used to treat disorders like cardiovascular and endocrine diseases, on clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. The extract was chemically characterized using classic techniques and by ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). We carried out minimum inhibitory concentration tests, as well as minimal bactericidal concentration and minimal biofilm eradication concentration tests. Moreover, we tested the anti-inflammatory potential and assessed the toxicity of the extract on buffalo green monkey (BGM) cells. We also investigated the effects of combining the extract to clinically relevant antimicrobial drugs (i.e., synergistic or antagonistic interactions). The extract was active at 8 g/mL and 16 g/mL for planktonic cells and biofilms, respectively. Its anti-inflammatory potential was confirmed, and it lacked cytotoxicity. No significant interference of the extract on antimicrobial drugs was observed. Flavonoids, tannins, proteins, carbohydrates and vitamin C were detected in the extract. Our data open doors for further studies with isolated molecules of the extract in order to conduct in vivo antimicrobial tests.
{"title":"Antibiofilm Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract Against Staphylococcus aureus, Cytotoxicity, Biochemical aspects, Anti-Inflammatory potential, and Interference on the Activity of Antimicrobial Drugs","authors":"Lorena KİMBERLY SİLVA ALCÂNTARA, Luiz Felipe CARREİRO MACHADO, Isabela Penna Ceravolo, R. Martins, Marcus Vinícius DİAS SOUZA","doi":"10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1213447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1213447","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: There is a growing technical difficulty to treat infectious diseases due to molecular mechanisms of resistance to antimicrobial drugs, such as biofilm formation. Here we provide evidence of the antimicrobial potential of the hydroethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves, traditionally used to treat disorders like cardiovascular and endocrine diseases, on clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. The extract was chemically characterized using classic techniques and by ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). We carried out minimum inhibitory concentration tests, as well as minimal bactericidal concentration and minimal biofilm eradication concentration tests. Moreover, we tested the anti-inflammatory potential and assessed the toxicity of the extract on buffalo green monkey (BGM) cells. We also investigated the effects of combining the extract to clinically relevant antimicrobial drugs (i.e., synergistic or antagonistic interactions). The extract was active at 8 g/mL and 16 g/mL for planktonic cells and biofilms, respectively. Its anti-inflammatory potential was confirmed, and it lacked cytotoxicity. No significant interference of the extract on antimicrobial drugs was observed. Flavonoids, tannins, proteins, carbohydrates and vitamin C were detected in the extract. Our data open doors for further studies with isolated molecules of the extract in order to conduct in vivo antimicrobial tests.","PeriodicalId":36004,"journal":{"name":"Fabad Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83517999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-17DOI: 10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1200880
Nur Alim
Beligo or Bligo is the name of Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn. in Indonesian, is empirically used in the treatment of cholesterol and hypertension. The part of the plant used is the seed. This have a look at aimed to determine the antihyperlipidemic activity of beligo seeds in L-NAME-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Male albino rats (n= 25) were divided into 5 groups: Sod. CMC 1%, plant extract (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg body weight), and Simvastatin were induced by L-NAME 40 mg/kg BW for 4 weeks. Measurement of lipid profile levels consisting of TC, HDL, LDL, TG, and VLDL, using a human analyzer (Thermo Scientific Indico®). L-NAME was shown to significantly (p
{"title":"The Potency of Beligo Seeds (Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.) as Antihyperlipidemic in L-NAME-induced Hyperlipidemic Rats","authors":"Nur Alim","doi":"10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1200880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1200880","url":null,"abstract":"Beligo or Bligo is the name of Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn. in Indonesian, is empirically used in the treatment of cholesterol and hypertension. The part of the plant used is the seed. This have a look at aimed to determine the antihyperlipidemic activity of beligo seeds in L-NAME-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Male albino rats (n= 25) were divided into 5 groups: Sod. CMC 1%, plant extract (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg body weight), and Simvastatin were induced by L-NAME 40 mg/kg BW for 4 weeks. Measurement of lipid profile levels consisting of TC, HDL, LDL, TG, and VLDL, using a human analyzer (Thermo Scientific Indico®). L-NAME was shown to significantly (p","PeriodicalId":36004,"journal":{"name":"Fabad Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74868024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-05DOI: 10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1268029
Sinem Saar, Fatma Nur TUĞCU DEMİRÖZ
Electrospinning is a versatile and inexpensive technique to produce nanofibers. Nanofibers can be a good alternative to classical dosage forms in vaginal applications due to high surface area/volume ratio, high encapsulation efficenciacy and mucoadhesive properties. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a biocompatible, easily degradable and flexible polymer with mucoadhesive properties used in industrial, commercial and medical applications. The scope of this study is to characterize electropsun nanofibers produced with different PVA types for vaginal use. PVA nanofibers were produced using the electrospinning method. Nanofiber formulations were prepared by dissolving PVA in dimethylformamide (DMF):distilled water (1:1) solvent system. Nanofibers were produced with three different types (PVA M 13/140, PVA G 26/140 and PVA G 40/140) PVA at 5%, 7.5% and 10% concentrations. The surface tension, viscosity and conductivity properties of the polymer mixtures were measured for electrospinning process and these parametres were found suitable for nanofiber production. While the viscosity increased with increasing polymer concentration, the surface tension values were found to be close to each other since the solvent system was the same. The mechanical and the mucoadhesive properties of nanofibers were examined and compared. Mucoadhesive and mechanical properties of nanofiber formulations differed depending on molecular weight and electrospinning process. The nanofiber formulations produced with PVA M 13/140 were found suitable for vaginal applications in terms of their mechanical and mucoadhesive properties. PVA nanofibers can be a good alternative as a drug delivery system in vaginal applications.
静电纺丝是一种用途广泛、成本低廉的纳米纤维生产技术。纳米纤维具有高表面积/体积比、高包封效率和粘接性能，是阴道应用中经典剂型的良好替代品。聚乙烯醇(PVA)是一种具有生物相容性、易于降解和柔性的聚合物，具有粘接性能，广泛应用于工业、商业和医疗领域。本研究的范围是表征用不同类型的聚乙烯醇生产的用于阴道的静电纳米纤维。采用静电纺丝法制备了聚乙烯醇纳米纤维。采用二甲基甲酰胺(DMF):蒸馏水(1:1)溶剂体系溶解PVA制备纳米纤维配方。以PVA M 13/140、PVA G 26/140和PVA G 40/140为原料，分别在5%、7.5%和10%的浓度下制备纳米纤维。在静电纺丝工艺中测定了聚合物混合物的表面张力、粘度和电导率，发现这些参数适合于纳米纤维的生产。黏度随聚合物浓度的增加而增加，但由于溶剂体系相同，表面张力值相近。对纳米纤维的力学性能和粘接性能进行了测试和比较。纳米纤维配方的粘接性能和力学性能随分子量和静电纺丝工艺的不同而不同。用PVA m13 /140生产的纳米纤维配方在其机械和粘接性能方面被发现适合阴道应用。聚乙烯醇纳米纤维可以作为阴道给药系统的一个很好的选择。
{"title":"Vajinal İlaç Taşıyıcı Sistem Olarak Polivinil Alkol Nanoliflerinin Mekanik ve Mukoadezif Özelliklerinin Değerlendirilmesi","authors":"Sinem Saar, Fatma Nur TUĞCU DEMİRÖZ","doi":"10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1268029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1268029","url":null,"abstract":"Electrospinning is a versatile and inexpensive technique to produce nanofibers. Nanofibers can be a good alternative to classical dosage forms in vaginal applications due to high surface area/volume ratio, high encapsulation efficenciacy and mucoadhesive properties. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a biocompatible, easily degradable and flexible polymer with mucoadhesive properties used in industrial, commercial and medical applications. The scope of this study is to characterize electropsun nanofibers produced with different PVA types for vaginal use. PVA nanofibers were produced using the electrospinning method. Nanofiber formulations were prepared by dissolving PVA in dimethylformamide (DMF):distilled water (1:1) solvent system. Nanofibers were produced with three different types (PVA M 13/140, PVA G 26/140 and PVA G 40/140) PVA at 5%, 7.5% and 10% concentrations. The surface tension, viscosity and conductivity properties of the polymer mixtures were measured for electrospinning process and these parametres were found suitable for nanofiber production. While the viscosity increased with increasing polymer concentration, the surface tension values were found to be close to each other since the solvent system was the same. The mechanical and the mucoadhesive properties of nanofibers were examined and compared. Mucoadhesive and mechanical properties of nanofiber formulations differed depending on molecular weight and electrospinning process. The nanofiber formulations produced with PVA M 13/140 were found suitable for vaginal applications in terms of their mechanical and mucoadhesive properties. PVA nanofibers can be a good alternative as a drug delivery system in vaginal applications.","PeriodicalId":36004,"journal":{"name":"Fabad Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74548311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1201555
Retno Widyowati, N. Purwitasari, Wiwied Ekasari, M. Agil, R. Sahu, Zalza Billa Arosa, Irawati Sholikhah
Joint pain is a sign of disorders of the musculoskeletal system. In joint pain, there will usually be discomfort in the joints, swelling, inflammation, and stiffness that can cause movement restrictions. Bantul is the district with the lowest prevalence of joint disease in Yogyakarta. The low prevalence of joint disease can be related to the culture of the community in using traditional herbs to treat the disease. The purpose of this study was to analyze the types of plants used in making potions to treat joint pain complaints, find out how to process the plants used, and know how to use herbs to treat joint pain. Traditional knowledge about local and native plants used was collected by field surveys. 48 healers from 3 hamlets in Bantul District, Yogyakarta were obtained by snowball sampling technique. An amount of 47 herbal potions were recorded as being applied for joint pain treatment. They used 33 plants relating to 18 families and the highest-used family was Zingiberaceae. Raw materials are processed by washing, boiling, pounding, grinding, pulverizing, and squeezing. There are two ways of using herbs to treat joint pain using the traditional herbs orally and topically (compresses). This study shows that most of the people in the Bantul District still depend on medicinal plants to treat diseases. Nevertheless, there are only a few traditional healers, there is a great danger that traditional knowledge will soon be lost because the young generation is not concerned about continuing this custom.
{"title":"An Ethnomedicine Study of Traditional Healers as Joint Pain Therapy in Bantul District, Yogyakarta","authors":"Retno Widyowati, N. Purwitasari, Wiwied Ekasari, M. Agil, R. Sahu, Zalza Billa Arosa, Irawati Sholikhah","doi":"10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1201555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1201555","url":null,"abstract":"Joint pain is a sign of disorders of the musculoskeletal system. In joint pain, there will usually be discomfort in the joints, swelling, inflammation, and stiffness that can cause movement restrictions. Bantul is the district with the lowest prevalence of joint disease in Yogyakarta. The low prevalence of joint disease can be related to the culture of the community in using traditional herbs to treat the disease. The purpose of this study was to analyze the types of plants used in making potions to treat joint pain complaints, find out how to process the plants used, and know how to use herbs to treat joint pain. Traditional knowledge about local and native plants used was collected by field surveys. 48 healers from 3 hamlets in Bantul District, Yogyakarta were obtained by snowball sampling technique. An amount of 47 herbal potions were recorded as being applied for joint pain treatment. They used 33 plants relating to 18 families and the highest-used family was Zingiberaceae. Raw materials are processed by washing, boiling, pounding, grinding, pulverizing, and squeezing. There are two ways of using herbs to treat joint pain using the traditional herbs orally and topically (compresses). This study shows that most of the people in the Bantul District still depend on medicinal plants to treat diseases. Nevertheless, there are only a few traditional healers, there is a great danger that traditional knowledge will soon be lost because the young generation is not concerned about continuing this custom.","PeriodicalId":36004,"journal":{"name":"Fabad Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86636457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-02DOI: 10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1187620
Anayatollah SALİMİ, Ramin NOORAFROOZ, Maryam FOULADİ, Saeed MOHAMMAD SOLEYMANİ
Background: The goal of creating meloxicam-loaded microemulsion formulations was to increase meloxicam permeability through the skin. Using pseudo-ternary phase diagram construction and full factorial design, eight formulations with three independent variables (water percent, oil percent, and surfactant/co-surfactant percent) were selected to be prepared.
Methods: This research evaluated the formulation's characteristics, including particle size, viscosity, and release profile. FT-IR and DSC techniques were also utilized to investigate the effect of microemulsion components on rat abdomen skin, and the permeability of meloxicam-loaded microemulsions via rat abdomen skin was also evaluated by calculating permeability parameters such as Jss, Dapp, Tlag, ERflux, ERD, and ERP.
Results: When compared to a saturated aqueous solution of meloxicam as a reference, the findings showed that all microemulsion (ME) formulations considerably increased meloxicam permeability through rat skin. Water percent had a direct and significant relationship with Jss, and oil percent had a direct and significant relationship with Dapp, according to analysis regression.
Conclusion: ME components also caused alterations in the skin's lipoprotein bilayers, which might enhance formulation permeability through the skin.
{"title":"Design and Assessment of a Microemulsion-Based Transdermal Drug Delivery System for Meloxicam; Examination of Formulation Ingredients","authors":"Anayatollah SALİMİ, Ramin NOORAFROOZ, Maryam FOULADİ, Saeed MOHAMMAD SOLEYMANİ","doi":"10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1187620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1187620","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The goal of creating meloxicam-loaded microemulsion formulations was to increase meloxicam permeability through the skin. Using pseudo-ternary phase diagram construction and full factorial design, eight formulations with three independent variables (water percent, oil percent, and surfactant/co-surfactant percent) were selected to be prepared. 
 Methods: This research evaluated the formulation's characteristics, including particle size, viscosity, and release profile. FT-IR and DSC techniques were also utilized to investigate the effect of microemulsion components on rat abdomen skin, and the permeability of meloxicam-loaded microemulsions via rat abdomen skin was also evaluated by calculating permeability parameters such as Jss, Dapp, Tlag, ERflux, ERD, and ERP. 
 Results: When compared to a saturated aqueous solution of meloxicam as a reference, the findings showed that all microemulsion (ME) formulations considerably increased meloxicam permeability through rat skin. Water percent had a direct and significant relationship with Jss, and oil percent had a direct and significant relationship with Dapp, according to analysis regression. 
 Conclusion: ME components also caused alterations in the skin's lipoprotein bilayers, which might enhance formulation permeability through the skin.","PeriodicalId":36004,"journal":{"name":"Fabad Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135479335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-27DOI: 10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1177914
Ramin GHASEMİ SHAYAN, Nasrin HOSSEİNZAD MANİE
Introduction: Chronic morphine use is associated with increased oxidative stress and inflammatory factors. Troxerutin is a natural bioflavonoid and has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that could relieve morphine withdrawal syndrome. Aim: The effects of troxerutin on morphine dependence in mice Method: Troxerutin was prepared in three different doses (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) via a normal saline solution. After examining the composition of troxerutin, the experiment was performed in five groups of 8 mice. One group received eight days of increasing doses (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 mg/kg) of morphine SC (subcutaneously) with normal saline (10 ml/kg) IP (Intraperitoneal), and one group received only normal saline and the other three groups received three different doses of troxerutin solved in normal saline as the carrier of troxerutin along with morphine. On the ninth day, withdrawal symptoms were recorded after naloxone injection and blood samples were examined for antioxidant factors. Results: The total withdrawal score in the 50 mg/kg dose of the troxerutin group with morphine was significantly lower than the morphine-saline group (p
{"title":"The Effect of Troxerutin Consumption on the Symptoms of Morphine Withdrawal Syndrome in Male Mice","authors":"Ramin GHASEMİ SHAYAN, Nasrin HOSSEİNZAD MANİE","doi":"10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1177914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1177914","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Chronic morphine use is associated with increased oxidative stress and inflammatory factors. Troxerutin is a natural bioflavonoid and has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that could relieve morphine withdrawal syndrome. \u0000Aim: The effects of troxerutin on morphine dependence in mice \u0000Method: Troxerutin was prepared in three different doses (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) via a normal saline solution. After examining the composition of troxerutin, the experiment was performed in five groups of 8 mice. One group received eight days of increasing doses (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 mg/kg) of morphine SC (subcutaneously) with normal saline (10 ml/kg) IP (Intraperitoneal), and one group received only normal saline and the other three groups received three different doses of troxerutin solved in normal saline as the carrier of troxerutin along with morphine. On the ninth day, withdrawal symptoms were recorded after naloxone injection and blood samples were examined for antioxidant factors. \u0000Results: The total withdrawal score in the 50 mg/kg dose of the troxerutin group with morphine was significantly lower than the morphine-saline group (p","PeriodicalId":36004,"journal":{"name":"Fabad Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81283944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-22DOI: 10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1144926
Kübra Kolci̇, Sena Nur Gari̇pkuş, R. Reis
Third-hand smoke (THS) is a newly described environmental health hazard that might be defined as a residual cigarette smoke that occurs due to the accumulation of toxins of second-hand smoke (SHS) in the smoking environment. In addition, chemicodynamic of THS may alter due to the interaction with other gases and chemicals present in the environment. THS may cause serious health outcomes in the lungs, liver, skin, heart, and nervous system as well. Hence, it is thought to represent a major health hazard for people, particularly for children, whom exposed to THS where they interact more frequently with these surfaces exposed to THS via hand to mouth transfer. In the present study, it was aimed to summarize the proposed toxicity mechanisms based on in vitro and in vivo studies based on target organ toxicity. In this study, it is aimed to review toxicity mechanisms of THS based on in vitro and in vivo studies on target organ toxicity. Recent studies reported that THS might induce unwanted effects in the respiratory, cardiovascular, nervous, hematopoietic, and skeletal systems and skin. Literature data indicated that THS-mediated oxidative damage and increase in inflammatory response may play an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and neurobehavioral diseases, especially the target organ lung, and in the future, THS might be defined as a preventable environmental risk factor. Therefore, further studies on THS are needed to define its toxicity mechanism as well as increase the social awareness and legal regulations.
{"title":"Thirdhand smoke exposure and its toxicological impacts: A review on target organ based studies","authors":"Kübra Kolci̇, Sena Nur Gari̇pkuş, R. Reis","doi":"10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1144926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1144926","url":null,"abstract":"Third-hand smoke (THS) is a newly described environmental health hazard that might be defined as a residual cigarette smoke that occurs due to the accumulation of toxins of second-hand smoke (SHS) in the smoking environment. In addition, chemicodynamic of THS may alter due to the interaction with other gases and chemicals present in the environment. THS may cause serious health outcomes in the lungs, liver, skin, heart, and nervous system as well. Hence, it is thought to represent a major health hazard for people, particularly for children, whom exposed to THS where they interact more frequently with these surfaces exposed to THS via hand to mouth transfer. In the present study, it was aimed to summarize the proposed toxicity mechanisms based on in vitro and in vivo studies based on target organ toxicity. In this study, it is aimed to review toxicity mechanisms of THS based on in vitro and in vivo studies on target organ toxicity. Recent studies reported that THS might induce unwanted effects in the respiratory, cardiovascular, nervous, hematopoietic, and skeletal systems and skin. Literature data indicated that THS-mediated oxidative damage and increase in inflammatory response may play an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and neurobehavioral diseases, especially the target organ lung, and in the future, THS might be defined as a preventable environmental risk factor. Therefore, further studies on THS are needed to define its toxicity mechanism as well as increase the social awareness and legal regulations.","PeriodicalId":36004,"journal":{"name":"Fabad Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78313606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-31DOI: 10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1228030
E. Özer
Male albino rats of Wistar strain (n=24) were assigned to three groups 2-month old (GRP I), 9-month old (GRP II) and 15-month old (GRP III) ,(n=8 in each ) in order to investigate age related changes in serum and brain samples. Malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and paraoxanase (PON) enzyme activites , soluble and aggregated amyloid β1-42 (Aβ1-42) levels were analyzed in brain tissues. Tissues were also stained with Congo-red dye in order to observe fibrillation. Serum total cholesterol, uric acid and triglyceride levels and PON activites were investigated. Serum uric acid levels were significantly decreased (p
{"title":"Investigation of Age-Related Alterations in Brain and Serum Samples in a Healthy Aging Rat Model","authors":"E. Özer","doi":"10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1228030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1228030","url":null,"abstract":"Male albino rats of Wistar strain (n=24) were assigned to three groups 2-month old (GRP I), 9-month old (GRP II) and 15-month old (GRP III) ,(n=8 in each ) in order to investigate age related changes in serum and brain samples. Malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and paraoxanase (PON) enzyme activites , soluble and aggregated amyloid β1-42 (Aβ1-42) levels were analyzed in brain tissues. Tissues were also stained with Congo-red dye in order to observe fibrillation. Serum total cholesterol, uric acid and triglyceride levels and PON activites were investigated. Serum uric acid levels were significantly decreased (p","PeriodicalId":36004,"journal":{"name":"Fabad Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89473336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-18DOI: 10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1172020
E. T. Sarcan, Yekta A. Özer
Radiopharmaceuticals are radioactive medicines used for imaging and/or therapeutic purposes, consisting of radionuclidic and pharmaceutical parts. While PET and SPECT methods are used for imaging purposes, immuno-PET imaging method has gained popularity, recently. Immuno-PET imaging method, is a combination of PET radionuclides and biomolecules, especially monoclonal antibodies (mAb), proteins, peptides, are frequently used for the imaging of different types of cancer. Radionuclides with long half-lives are generally used in immuno-PET imaging. Long biological half-lives of mAbs is the most important reason to be preferred for immuno-PET imaging. Today, Zirconium-89 (Zr-89), Iodine-124 (I-124) with long half-lives and Copper-64 (Cu-64) and Yttrium-86 (Y-86) radionuclides with relatively long half-lives are preferred in immuno-PET imaging. In this article, studies on Zr-89, Cu-64, I-124 and Y-86-labeled mAbs with long half-life and clinical and preclinical studies were reviewed. Also, comparison of these 4 radionuclides, which are frequently used in the labelling of biomolecules (particularly mAbs) with is included.
{"title":"Monoclonal Antibodies and Immuno-PET Imaging: An Overview","authors":"E. T. Sarcan, Yekta A. Özer","doi":"10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1172020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1172020","url":null,"abstract":"Radiopharmaceuticals are radioactive medicines used for imaging and/or therapeutic purposes, consisting of radionuclidic and pharmaceutical parts. While PET and SPECT methods are used for imaging purposes, immuno-PET imaging method has gained popularity, recently. Immuno-PET imaging method, is a combination of PET radionuclides and biomolecules, especially monoclonal antibodies (mAb), proteins, peptides, are frequently used for the imaging of different types of cancer. Radionuclides with long half-lives are generally used in immuno-PET imaging. Long biological half-lives of mAbs is the most important reason to be preferred for immuno-PET imaging. Today, Zirconium-89 (Zr-89), Iodine-124 (I-124) with long half-lives and Copper-64 (Cu-64) and Yttrium-86 (Y-86) radionuclides with relatively long half-lives are preferred in immuno-PET imaging. In this article, studies on Zr-89, Cu-64, I-124 and Y-86-labeled mAbs with long half-life and clinical and preclinical studies were reviewed. Also, comparison of these 4 radionuclides, which are frequently used in the labelling of biomolecules (particularly mAbs) with is included.","PeriodicalId":36004,"journal":{"name":"Fabad Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77649727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1214152
Burcu ÜNLÜ ENDİRLİK, Elçin Bakır, A. Yay, Fazile Cantürk Tan, Ayşe BALDEMİR KILIÇ, A. Eken
Dimethoate is an organophosphate insecticide which is used globally in a wide scale in agriculture. It was associated with numerous negative health effects in many studies. Brain is one of the target organs for dimethoate exposure. The aim of present study was to evaluate sub-chronic (60 days) toxicity of dimethoate (7 mg/kg b.w.), investigating its oxidative stress, DNA damage, as well as apoptosis inducing effects, and histopathological changes in brain tissue of rats. We also aimed to analyze protective effects of Laurocerasus officinalis Roem. (cherry laurel) fruit extract. To evaluate oxidative stress, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, as well as superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) antioxidant enzymes activities were calculated. Experimental results demonstrated that dimethoate treatment increased MDA and depleted Cu-Zn SOD, GPx and CAT enzyme activities, suggesting its potency as an oxidative stress inducer in rat brain tissues. Furthermore, comet and TUNEL assay results showed that dimethoate stimulated DNA damage and apoptosis. Administration of cherry laurel extract protected against dimethoate-induced oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis. Findings of currents study are important in terms of demonstrating the beneficial effects of L. officinalis extract against dimethoate toxicity in brain, considering the sensitivity of this organ to oxidative stress and extensive usage of dimethoate.
{"title":"Investigation of Dimethoate Toxicity in Rat Brain and Protective Effect of Laurocerasus officinalis Roem. Fruit Extract Against Oxidative Stress, DNA Damage and Apoptosis","authors":"Burcu ÜNLÜ ENDİRLİK, Elçin Bakır, A. Yay, Fazile Cantürk Tan, Ayşe BALDEMİR KILIÇ, A. Eken","doi":"10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1214152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55262/fabadeczacilik.1214152","url":null,"abstract":"Dimethoate is an organophosphate insecticide which is used globally in a wide scale in agriculture. It was associated with numerous negative health effects in many studies. Brain is one of the target organs for dimethoate exposure. The aim of present study was to evaluate sub-chronic (60 days) toxicity of dimethoate (7 mg/kg b.w.), investigating its oxidative stress, DNA damage, as well as apoptosis inducing effects, and histopathological changes in brain tissue of rats. We also aimed to analyze protective effects of Laurocerasus officinalis Roem. (cherry laurel) fruit extract. To evaluate oxidative stress, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, as well as superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) antioxidant enzymes activities were calculated. Experimental results demonstrated that dimethoate treatment increased MDA and depleted Cu-Zn SOD, GPx and CAT enzyme activities, suggesting its potency as an oxidative stress inducer in rat brain tissues. Furthermore, comet and TUNEL assay results showed that dimethoate stimulated DNA damage and apoptosis. Administration of cherry laurel extract protected against dimethoate-induced oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis. Findings of currents study are important in terms of demonstrating the beneficial effects of L. officinalis extract against dimethoate toxicity in brain, considering the sensitivity of this organ to oxidative stress and extensive usage of dimethoate.","PeriodicalId":36004,"journal":{"name":"Fabad Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78564978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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