Pub Date : 1998-06-21DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1998.685517
D. Macdonald, W. Gray
The performance and reliability of AC adjustable speed drives (ASDs) is continually improving. One of the key reasons for improvement has been the advent, development and use of pulse width modulated (PWM) drives utilizing faster switching devices, primarily insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). As with many other developments, improvements in some areas may cause problems in others. An increased bearing failure rate in motors is one of the negative effects of these types of drives. To mitigate bearing current damage in motors, as well as in loads and other auxiliary equipment attached to the motor shaft, it is important to understand how these currents are generated. In addition to theoretical explanations, actual field cases and solutions are reviewed.
{"title":"A practical guide to understanding bearing damage related to PWM drives","authors":"D. Macdonald, W. Gray","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1998.685517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1998.685517","url":null,"abstract":"The performance and reliability of AC adjustable speed drives (ASDs) is continually improving. One of the key reasons for improvement has been the advent, development and use of pulse width modulated (PWM) drives utilizing faster switching devices, primarily insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). As with many other developments, improvements in some areas may cause problems in others. An increased bearing failure rate in motors is one of the negative effects of these types of drives. To mitigate bearing current damage in motors, as well as in loads and other auxiliary equipment attached to the motor shaft, it is important to understand how these currents are generated. In addition to theoretical explanations, actual field cases and solutions are reviewed.","PeriodicalId":360061,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 1998 Annual Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference (Cat. No.98CH36219)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132875473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-21DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1998.685523
P. Baen
The 1996 National Electrical Code (NEC) was revised to require manufacturers, designers, installers, and users to include proper grounding and equipment protection. Both of the revisions to Article 427 are important to note and will generate higher installed costs for electric heat tracing (EHT) than was possible in years past. The good news is that advancing applications of electronics are making more accurate control and monitoring of EHT circuits more affordable, and for the sake of this article, able to meet the new code requirements without using specialty circuit breakers.
{"title":"Advancements in heat tracing controls to meet code and reduce energy consumption","authors":"P. Baen","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1998.685523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1998.685523","url":null,"abstract":"The 1996 National Electrical Code (NEC) was revised to require manufacturers, designers, installers, and users to include proper grounding and equipment protection. Both of the revisions to Article 427 are important to note and will generate higher installed costs for electric heat tracing (EHT) than was possible in years past. The good news is that advancing applications of electronics are making more accurate control and monitoring of EHT circuits more affordable, and for the sake of this article, able to meet the new code requirements without using specialty circuit breakers.","PeriodicalId":360061,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 1998 Annual Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference (Cat. No.98CH36219)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125992946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-21DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1998.685527
J.D. Anderson, G. Kutin, H. Hill
With the objective to reduce their "total cost of ownership", major corporations are making significant changes in traditional purchasing practices. Whether for raw materials, MRO goods, engineering design services, or capital equipment, they are developing and implementing supplier partnerships, many of which take on the name and structure of a strategic alliance. Increasingly, top management at large manufacturers and engineer/constructors have come to believe that reducing their supplier base, and thereby increasing the relevance of the relationship between themselves and the remaining suppliers, will achieve their goals of lowering overall costs while improving service and quality. Encouraged by consultants and studies at a number of business schools, company executives have declared that their purchasing departments will pursue strategic alliances as another element in a growing effort to change "business as usual" mentalities within their companies. This paper reviews the rationale for the formation of a strategic alliance between a major industrial manufacturer and a supplier of engineered electrical products. It focuses on the internal processes that were developed to change the culture within both organizations, and the methods of implementation which help insure success in meeting the goal of reducing the total cost of ownership.
{"title":"Best practices in the formation and implementation of strategic alliances","authors":"J.D. Anderson, G. Kutin, H. Hill","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1998.685527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1998.685527","url":null,"abstract":"With the objective to reduce their \"total cost of ownership\", major corporations are making significant changes in traditional purchasing practices. Whether for raw materials, MRO goods, engineering design services, or capital equipment, they are developing and implementing supplier partnerships, many of which take on the name and structure of a strategic alliance. Increasingly, top management at large manufacturers and engineer/constructors have come to believe that reducing their supplier base, and thereby increasing the relevance of the relationship between themselves and the remaining suppliers, will achieve their goals of lowering overall costs while improving service and quality. Encouraged by consultants and studies at a number of business schools, company executives have declared that their purchasing departments will pursue strategic alliances as another element in a growing effort to change \"business as usual\" mentalities within their companies. This paper reviews the rationale for the formation of a strategic alliance between a major industrial manufacturer and a supplier of engineered electrical products. It focuses on the internal processes that were developed to change the culture within both organizations, and the methods of implementation which help insure success in meeting the goal of reducing the total cost of ownership.","PeriodicalId":360061,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 1998 Annual Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference (Cat. No.98CH36219)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122776195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-21DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1998.685499
J.R. Rau, M. Meister
The ground fault is the most common short circuit on an electrical power system. The stability of a power system and its ability to recover from a ground fault is directly related to the neutral grounding method used. A summary is given of the common grounding practices used in paper mills for low and medium voltage systems and the advantages of resistance grounding are described.
{"title":"Typical neutral grounding schemes for paper mills","authors":"J.R. Rau, M. Meister","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1998.685499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1998.685499","url":null,"abstract":"The ground fault is the most common short circuit on an electrical power system. The stability of a power system and its ability to recover from a ground fault is directly related to the neutral grounding method used. A summary is given of the common grounding practices used in paper mills for low and medium voltage systems and the advantages of resistance grounding are described.","PeriodicalId":360061,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 1998 Annual Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference (Cat. No.98CH36219)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124118855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-21DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1998.685511
R. Schaefer
This paper provides a detailed discussion of the basic theory of operation and control of the synchronous motor. It describes typical synchronous motor starting and provides information regarding control and optimization of the motor through the use of power factor control or VAr operation that can be helpful in reducing VAr penalties and improving voltage stability of the plant. Typical protection is also discussed involving motor pullout and under- and overexcitation concerns.
{"title":"Excitation control of the synchronous motor","authors":"R. Schaefer","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1998.685511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1998.685511","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides a detailed discussion of the basic theory of operation and control of the synchronous motor. It describes typical synchronous motor starting and provides information regarding control and optimization of the motor through the use of power factor control or VAr operation that can be helpful in reducing VAr penalties and improving voltage stability of the plant. Typical protection is also discussed involving motor pullout and under- and overexcitation concerns.","PeriodicalId":360061,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 1998 Annual Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference (Cat. No.98CH36219)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133449519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-21DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1998.685525
J.F. Lawrence, D. Durocher
This paper describes the addition of a power management system installed at a large pulp and paper manufacturing facility. The paper reviews system selection criteria, installation, start-up, and performance issues. Practical use and benefits of the new available data to establish a mill-wide predictive maintenance process is reviewed. Finally, the potential applications for the system in managing power quantity and quality now and in the utility deregulated future are discussed.
{"title":"Power management systems-predictive maintenance and energy sourcing opportunities","authors":"J.F. Lawrence, D. Durocher","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1998.685525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1998.685525","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the addition of a power management system installed at a large pulp and paper manufacturing facility. The paper reviews system selection criteria, installation, start-up, and performance issues. Practical use and benefits of the new available data to establish a mill-wide predictive maintenance process is reviewed. Finally, the potential applications for the system in managing power quantity and quality now and in the utility deregulated future are discussed.","PeriodicalId":360061,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 1998 Annual Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference (Cat. No.98CH36219)","volume":"225 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133813894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-21DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1998.685502
D. Lovato
Accessibility to working drawings and other information for maintenance work forces in a mill environment has always been a concern and continues to be a concern, especially for some older mills. This paper is a case study of the development of a method to provide electrical and other documents to the maintenance and engineering work forces at the West Tacoma Mill. The intent is to show the steps taken over time which, although still evolving, are resulting in complete electronic availability of electrical and instrumentation and other engineering documentation. Development of a maintenance document system for the electrical and instrument group at this mill was the result of a long strategy of improvement, much like the pieces of a puzzle that finally comes together. Following steady evolution towards modern control systems has allowed the mill to develop a totally integrated control and information system.
{"title":"Access to maintenance working documents in a mill environment. A case history","authors":"D. Lovato","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1998.685502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1998.685502","url":null,"abstract":"Accessibility to working drawings and other information for maintenance work forces in a mill environment has always been a concern and continues to be a concern, especially for some older mills. This paper is a case study of the development of a method to provide electrical and other documents to the maintenance and engineering work forces at the West Tacoma Mill. The intent is to show the steps taken over time which, although still evolving, are resulting in complete electronic availability of electrical and instrumentation and other engineering documentation. Development of a maintenance document system for the electrical and instrument group at this mill was the result of a long strategy of improvement, much like the pieces of a puzzle that finally comes together. Following steady evolution towards modern control systems has allowed the mill to develop a totally integrated control and information system.","PeriodicalId":360061,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 1998 Annual Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference (Cat. No.98CH36219)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121384338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-06-21DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1998.685501
G. Trodd
Mechanical and electrical maintenance of industrial plant machinery is often carried out on a 'need to know' basis. Those who analyze the data and prepare work orders for maintenance and repair know why they have prepared the orders, but those involved in the actual maintenance of the machinery, often know little more than which component to replace. By implementing an easy-to-use, accurate system of both machinery condition data collection and analysis, and by involving all maintenance personnel in the process, plant operation can become efficient and cost-effective. Personnel are educated as to the cause and extent of the damage, and learn how essential it is to pinpoint potential problems before they occur. By taking this proactive approach, a company can save millions of dollars by avoiding costly damage, unscheduled shutdowns, lost man-hours and missed project deadlines. This paper describes how to practically implement a cost effective predictive maintenance program, discussing what to do, what not to do, case histories, and the benefits and results achieved.
{"title":"Practical implementation of predictive maintenance","authors":"G. Trodd","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1998.685501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1998.685501","url":null,"abstract":"Mechanical and electrical maintenance of industrial plant machinery is often carried out on a 'need to know' basis. Those who analyze the data and prepare work orders for maintenance and repair know why they have prepared the orders, but those involved in the actual maintenance of the machinery, often know little more than which component to replace. By implementing an easy-to-use, accurate system of both machinery condition data collection and analysis, and by involving all maintenance personnel in the process, plant operation can become efficient and cost-effective. Personnel are educated as to the cause and extent of the damage, and learn how essential it is to pinpoint potential problems before they occur. By taking this proactive approach, a company can save millions of dollars by avoiding costly damage, unscheduled shutdowns, lost man-hours and missed project deadlines. This paper describes how to practically implement a cost effective predictive maintenance program, discussing what to do, what not to do, case histories, and the benefits and results achieved.","PeriodicalId":360061,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 1998 Annual Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference (Cat. No.98CH36219)","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128447768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1995-09-11DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1998.685513
B. Bridger, J. Bowen
In the emerging global marketplace, differences in product standards and design practices in different parts of the world are coming to the forefront as nontariff trade barriers. This paper discusses the differences between metal-clad switchgear designed and applied in accordance with ANSI/IEEE standards and related practices, which are normally used in North America, and the same equipment designed and applied in accordance with IEC standards and practices, which are normally manufactured in Europe. Other parts of the world may use either or both of these two standards, often depending on the source of the funds for a particular project or the commercial relationships between the host country and the equipment suppliers. The paper covers differences in ratings, features and design testing.
{"title":"Comparison of ANSI/IEEE and IEC requirements for metal-clad switchgear","authors":"B. Bridger, J. Bowen","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1998.685513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1998.685513","url":null,"abstract":"In the emerging global marketplace, differences in product standards and design practices in different parts of the world are coming to the forefront as nontariff trade barriers. This paper discusses the differences between metal-clad switchgear designed and applied in accordance with ANSI/IEEE standards and related practices, which are normally used in North America, and the same equipment designed and applied in accordance with IEC standards and practices, which are normally manufactured in Europe. Other parts of the world may use either or both of these two standards, often depending on the source of the funds for a particular project or the commercial relationships between the host country and the equipment suppliers. The paper covers differences in ratings, features and design testing.","PeriodicalId":360061,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 1998 Annual Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference (Cat. No.98CH36219)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128497806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/PAPCON.1998.685529
S. Peeran, R. Schnorr von Carolsfeld, T. Barclay, K. Sanborn, M. Shields
Generators tied to an electric utility's power lines can be susceptible to power quality events that occur on the grid. This paper describes an example of the damaging effects that lightning can have on cogeneration equipment. Permanently mounted electronic monitoring equipment provided disturbance data that was used to determine the cause of the damage to the generator. This information made it possible to observe line-to-ground faults, sudden changes in phase currents and oscillations in phase voltage or current. Four-quadrant metering and accurate time-stamping of power quality events provided the information needed to determine the sequence of events in a forensic analysis of the disturbance leading to the damage.
{"title":"A case study of power quality metering for short-term disturbance analysis","authors":"S. Peeran, R. Schnorr von Carolsfeld, T. Barclay, K. Sanborn, M. Shields","doi":"10.1109/PAPCON.1998.685529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAPCON.1998.685529","url":null,"abstract":"Generators tied to an electric utility's power lines can be susceptible to power quality events that occur on the grid. This paper describes an example of the damaging effects that lightning can have on cogeneration equipment. Permanently mounted electronic monitoring equipment provided disturbance data that was used to determine the cause of the damage to the generator. This information made it possible to observe line-to-ground faults, sudden changes in phase currents and oscillations in phase voltage or current. Four-quadrant metering and accurate time-stamping of power quality events provided the information needed to determine the sequence of events in a forensic analysis of the disturbance leading to the damage.","PeriodicalId":360061,"journal":{"name":"Conference Record of 1998 Annual Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference (Cat. No.98CH36219)","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127024948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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