Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.31088/cem2022.11.3.22-29
E. Speranskaya, E. V. Moskvichev, O. Kostrova, E. Luzikova, L. M. Merkulova, G. Struchko
Introduction. E-cadherin participates in the formation of intercellular junctions and protects the epitheliocytes of the gums from apoptosis and regulates proliferation in them. The effect of a diode laser on intercellular contacts, proliferation, and apoptosis of gum epitheliocytes at various ages remains poorly studied. The purpose of the paper was to conduct a comparative analysis of the proliferative and apoptotic activity of human gingival epitheliocytes and their intercellular interaction in chronic inflammation, as well as in age-related diode laser therapy. Materials and methods.The study included patients with and without periodontal inflammation (30 patients in each group). The subjects were divided into 2 age groups: group I included patients aged 20–40 years, whereas group II – 41–60 years. Each age group was divided into subgroups: the control subgroup (patients without gingival inflammation); subgroup with periodontal inflammation (patients with chronic periodontitis); and subgroup after laser therapy (patients after therapy with 940-nm Prometey diode laser). We performed immunohistochemical studies using monoclonal antibodies to Ki-67, p53, E-cadherin; as well as computer morphometry and statistical data analysis. Results. Periodontitis combines a decrease in the number of both proliferating epitheliocytes and E-cadherin-positive intercellular contacts in the basal and spiny layers of the gum epithelium in both young and mature adults (p=0.00002). Exposure of a diode laser has a positive effect on the proliferative activity of epithelial cells and significantly increases the number of E-cadherin-positive intercellular contacts in the basal layer (p=0.00002), but does not affect the expression of p53 (p=0.9) in the gum epithelium in all age groups. Conclusion. Exposure of a diode laser increases the proliferation/apoptosis index in the gingival epithelium and brings the expression of E-cadherin closer to the control values. Keywords: gingival epithelium, chronic periodontitis, diode laser, Ki-67, p53, E-cadherin
{"title":"Intercellular junctions, proliferation, and apoptosis of the gingival epithelium in patients with periodontitis after laser therapy","authors":"E. Speranskaya, E. V. Moskvichev, O. Kostrova, E. Luzikova, L. M. Merkulova, G. Struchko","doi":"10.31088/cem2022.11.3.22-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31088/cem2022.11.3.22-29","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. E-cadherin participates in the formation of intercellular junctions and protects the epitheliocytes of the gums from apoptosis and regulates proliferation in them. The effect of a diode laser on intercellular contacts, proliferation, and apoptosis of gum epitheliocytes at various ages remains poorly studied. The purpose of the paper was to conduct a comparative analysis of the proliferative and apoptotic activity of human gingival epitheliocytes and their intercellular interaction in chronic inflammation, as well as in age-related diode laser therapy. Materials and methods.The study included patients with and without periodontal inflammation (30 patients in each group). The subjects were divided into 2 age groups: group I included patients aged 20–40 years, whereas group II – 41–60 years. Each age group was divided into subgroups: the control subgroup (patients without gingival inflammation); subgroup with periodontal inflammation (patients with chronic periodontitis); and subgroup after laser therapy (patients after therapy with 940-nm Prometey diode laser). We performed immunohistochemical studies using monoclonal antibodies to Ki-67, p53, E-cadherin; as well as computer morphometry and statistical data analysis. Results. Periodontitis combines a decrease in the number of both proliferating epitheliocytes and E-cadherin-positive intercellular contacts in the basal and spiny layers of the gum epithelium in both young and mature adults (p=0.00002). Exposure of a diode laser has a positive effect on the proliferative activity of epithelial cells and significantly increases the number of E-cadherin-positive intercellular contacts in the basal layer (p=0.00002), but does not affect the expression of p53 (p=0.9) in the gum epithelium in all age groups. Conclusion. Exposure of a diode laser increases the proliferation/apoptosis index in the gingival epithelium and brings the expression of E-cadherin closer to the control values. Keywords: gingival epithelium, chronic periodontitis, diode laser, Ki-67, p53, E-cadherin","PeriodicalId":36062,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Morphology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69280872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.31088/cem2022.11.3.56-66
A. Koniaeva, E. Varakuta, A. Leiman, E. Bolbasov, K. Stankevich
Introduction. Restoration of blood supply to tissues is crucial for the regeneration of wound defects. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of piezoelectric polymers on the restoration of microcirculation and hemodynamics in the area of oral mucosa wound defects. Materials and methods. The study was carried out on 60 Wistar rats divided into four groups (15 rats each): control (intact) and 3 experimental groups. In group 1, the animals had an open wound defect. In groups 3 and 2, the rats had a wound defect covered with a membrane with and without copper modification, respectively. The specimens for subsequent light and electron microscopy were collected on days 3, 7, and 12. We studied qualitative and quantitative indicators of microcirculation and hemodynamics restoration. Results. Day 3: in all experimental groups, the arteriolo-venular relationship and the pericapillary diffusion index significantly decreased, while the Kernogan index increased. We also observed a significant increase in VEGF expression. Day 7: in experimental group 3, the values of the Kernogan index and the arteriolo-venular relationship were restored, and the pericapillary diffusion index remained significantly higher than in the control group. In the groups 1 and 2, none of the indicators reached the control values. VEGF expression decreased in all groups. On day 12 in group 1, the arteriolo-venular relationship, the Kernogan index and the index of pericapillary diffusion differed from the control group, in contrast to groups 2 and 3, where all the studied parameters were restored. Expression of VEGF in group 1 was significantly less than the control values, and in groups 2 and 3 it was significantly higher. Conclusion. We revealed that closing of oral mucosa wound defects by a piezoelectric polymer membrane led to the restoration of hemodynamic parameters and promoted active vascular formation. Keywords: wound defect, oral cavity, inflammation, regeneration, microcirculation, neoangiogenesis
{"title":"Restoration of the microvasculature and hemodynamics in the oral mucosa wound defects area with and without a piezoelectric polymer membrane","authors":"A. Koniaeva, E. Varakuta, A. Leiman, E. Bolbasov, K. Stankevich","doi":"10.31088/cem2022.11.3.56-66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31088/cem2022.11.3.56-66","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Restoration of blood supply to tissues is crucial for the regeneration of wound defects. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of piezoelectric polymers on the restoration of microcirculation and hemodynamics in the area of oral mucosa wound defects. Materials and methods. The study was carried out on 60 Wistar rats divided into four groups (15 rats each): control (intact) and 3 experimental groups. In group 1, the animals had an open wound defect. In groups 3 and 2, the rats had a wound defect covered with a membrane with and without copper modification, respectively. The specimens for subsequent light and electron microscopy were collected on days 3, 7, and 12. We studied qualitative and quantitative indicators of microcirculation and hemodynamics restoration. Results. Day 3: in all experimental groups, the arteriolo-venular relationship and the pericapillary diffusion index significantly decreased, while the Kernogan index increased. We also observed a significant increase in VEGF expression. Day 7: in experimental group 3, the values of the Kernogan index and the arteriolo-venular relationship were restored, and the pericapillary diffusion index remained significantly higher than in the control group. In the groups 1 and 2, none of the indicators reached the control values. VEGF expression decreased in all groups. On day 12 in group 1, the arteriolo-venular relationship, the Kernogan index and the index of pericapillary diffusion differed from the control group, in contrast to groups 2 and 3, where all the studied parameters were restored. Expression of VEGF in group 1 was significantly less than the control values, and in groups 2 and 3 it was significantly higher. Conclusion. We revealed that closing of oral mucosa wound defects by a piezoelectric polymer membrane led to the restoration of hemodynamic parameters and promoted active vascular formation. Keywords: wound defect, oral cavity, inflammation, regeneration, microcirculation, neoangiogenesis","PeriodicalId":36062,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Morphology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69280957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.31088/cem2023.12.2.14-24
A. A. Bakhtin, E. Tumanova
Introduction. Currently, there are limited papers on changes in the pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium of the sinonasal tract in chronic inflammatory processes, particularly in basal cell hyperplasia. The latter is similar to dysplasia of varying severity of the stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium. Studying of changes in the pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium can clarify the histogenesis of various epithelial tumors of the sinonasal tract, including sinonasal papillomas. The research is aimed at studying the cytokeratin profile of reactive cylindrical ciliated epithelium in a chronic nonspecific inflammatory process. Materials and methods. We analyzed surgical materials obtained from 567 patients diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. We performed an immunohistochemical study in 20 cases using the panel of antibodies to Ki-67, Stathmin, Cytokeratin 7, Cytokeratin 10/13, Cytokeratin 14, Cytokeratin 17, Cytokeratin 18, and Cytokeratin 19. Results. Using hematoxylin and eosin staining, we detected basal cell hyperplasia of different severity in 74% (419 cases). In 13% (73 cases), basal cell hyperplasia was combined with foci of squamous metaplasia. Based on the results, we identified 4 types of morphological changes in the epithelial layer with a specific cytokeratin profile: mild basal cell hyperplasia, moderate basal cell hyperplasia, severe basal cell hyperplasia, and areas of squamous metaplasia. Conclusion. Simultaneous expression of cytokeratins in the areas with severe hyperplasia of basal cells, specific for both simple and compound epithelia, allows us to consider this area to have the highest potential for the development of various epithelial tumors of the sinonasal tract, including various types of sinonasal papillomas. Keywords: basal cell hyperplasia, sinonasal papilloma, pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium
{"title":"Cytokeratin expression in reactive cylindrical ciliated epithelium of the sinonasal tract in chronic inflammation","authors":"A. A. Bakhtin, E. Tumanova","doi":"10.31088/cem2023.12.2.14-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31088/cem2023.12.2.14-24","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Currently, there are limited papers on changes in the pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium of the sinonasal tract in chronic inflammatory processes, particularly in basal cell hyperplasia. The latter is similar to dysplasia of varying severity of the stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium. Studying of changes in the pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium can clarify the histogenesis of various epithelial tumors of the sinonasal tract, including sinonasal papillomas. The research is aimed at studying the cytokeratin profile of reactive cylindrical ciliated epithelium in a chronic nonspecific inflammatory process. Materials and methods. We analyzed surgical materials obtained from 567 patients diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. We performed an immunohistochemical study in 20 cases using the panel of antibodies to Ki-67, Stathmin, Cytokeratin 7, Cytokeratin 10/13, Cytokeratin 14, Cytokeratin 17, Cytokeratin 18, and Cytokeratin 19. Results. Using hematoxylin and eosin staining, we detected basal cell hyperplasia of different severity in 74% (419 cases). In 13% (73 cases), basal cell hyperplasia was combined with foci of squamous metaplasia. Based on the results, we identified 4 types of morphological changes in the epithelial layer with a specific cytokeratin profile: mild basal cell hyperplasia, moderate basal cell hyperplasia, severe basal cell hyperplasia, and areas of squamous metaplasia. Conclusion. Simultaneous expression of cytokeratins in the areas with severe hyperplasia of basal cells, specific for both simple and compound epithelia, allows us to consider this area to have the highest potential for the development of various epithelial tumors of the sinonasal tract, including various types of sinonasal papillomas. Keywords: basal cell hyperplasia, sinonasal papilloma, pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium","PeriodicalId":36062,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Morphology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69281204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.31088/cem2022.11.1.50-61
A. Koniaeva, E. Varakuta, A. Leiman, E. Bolbasov, K. Stankevich
Introduction. Wound healing is a process based on a complex mechanism of intercellular interaction. The aim was to study changes in the oral mucosa cellular composition during wound healing with and without a protective piezoelectric coating. Materials and methods. The study was carried out on 50 Wistar rats divided into four groups: one control group of intact rats and experimental groups 1, 2, and 3. The rats of the experimental groups were subjected to excision of a lip mucous membrane flap with wound formation. In the animals of experimental group 1, the defect was open. In group 2, we used a polymer membrane with copper modification, and in group 3, the membrane was without copper modification. The animals were sacrificed on days 3, 7, and 12 of the study. We used light and electron microscopy to study the qualitative and quantitative changes in the composition of cell populations at the site of the defect. Results. On day 3, there prevailed neutrophilic infiltration in all groups. In groups 2 and 3, we observed a large number of macrophages and fibroblasts that indicated the transition to the next phase of wound healing. On day 7, in group 1, there persisted extensive neutrophilic and macrophage infiltration, whereas, in groups 2 and 3, the signs of inflammation decreased, and wound healing was active. On day 12, in group 1, all values were significantly higher than in the control group and there was damage to the ultrastructure; in groups 2 and 3, all the studied parameters reached the control values. Conclusion. We revealed the patterns of changes in the cellular composition of a wound during its healing. The use of the coating contributed to accelerated wound healing, which was found during the analysis of changes in the composition of cell populations. The closure of the oral mucosa wounds with polymer piezoelectric membranes was proven to have a good effect on tissue repair and was supposed to reduce the risk of postoperative complications. Keywords: wound defect, mucous membrane, oral cavity, piezoelectrics, inflammation, regeneration, scaffolds, dentistry
{"title":"Changes in the cellular composition of the inflammatory infiltrate and connective tissue of the oral mucosa in rats during wound healing using a protective piezoelectric coating","authors":"A. Koniaeva, E. Varakuta, A. Leiman, E. Bolbasov, K. Stankevich","doi":"10.31088/cem2022.11.1.50-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31088/cem2022.11.1.50-61","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Wound healing is a process based on a complex mechanism of intercellular interaction. The aim was to study changes in the oral mucosa cellular composition during wound healing with and without a protective piezoelectric coating. Materials and methods. The study was carried out on 50 Wistar rats divided into four groups: one control group of intact rats and experimental groups 1, 2, and 3. The rats of the experimental groups were subjected to excision of a lip mucous membrane flap with wound formation. In the animals of experimental group 1, the defect was open. In group 2, we used a polymer membrane with copper modification, and in group 3, the membrane was without copper modification. The animals were sacrificed on days 3, 7, and 12 of the study. We used light and electron microscopy to study the qualitative and quantitative changes in the composition of cell populations at the site of the defect. Results. On day 3, there prevailed neutrophilic infiltration in all groups. In groups 2 and 3, we observed a large number of macrophages and fibroblasts that indicated the transition to the next phase of wound healing. On day 7, in group 1, there persisted extensive neutrophilic and macrophage infiltration, whereas, in groups 2 and 3, the signs of inflammation decreased, and wound healing was active. On day 12, in group 1, all values were significantly higher than in the control group and there was damage to the ultrastructure; in groups 2 and 3, all the studied parameters reached the control values. Conclusion. We revealed the patterns of changes in the cellular composition of a wound during its healing. The use of the coating contributed to accelerated wound healing, which was found during the analysis of changes in the composition of cell populations. The closure of the oral mucosa wounds with polymer piezoelectric membranes was proven to have a good effect on tissue repair and was supposed to reduce the risk of postoperative complications. Keywords: wound defect, mucous membrane, oral cavity, piezoelectrics, inflammation, regeneration, scaffolds, dentistry","PeriodicalId":36062,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Morphology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69279766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.31088/cem2022.11.2.32-42
A. Kostyunin, T. Glushkova, L. Bogdanov, M. Rezvova, E. Ovcharenko
Introduction.Xenograft heart valves are prone to structural valve degeneration accompanied by lipid accumulation. Research data suggest that the lipid insudation of bioprosthetic valve is secondary to cellular infiltration, since glycosaminoglycans produced by the recipient's cells are responsible for the lipid storage in the xenograft tissue. The objective of this research was to study the mechanisms of lipid accumulation in the heart valve xenograft, and to test the hypothesis that cells and glycosaminoglycans play a role in this process. Materials and methods.The study included 10 explanted bioprosthetic mitral valves (5 xenoaortic and 5 xenopericardial). We separated the leaflets of these valves from the stent, then the material was fro-zen and transferred to the cryotome for section preparation. The sections were stained with Gill's H&E staining in order to study the cellular infiltration and detect any degenerative changes. To analyze the component composition of the leaflets the sections were stained with Movat's pentachrome, whereas Oil Red O was used to visualize the lipids. We used light microscopy to analyze the stained samples. Results. Lipids and clusters of foam cells were present in all xenoaortic heart valves, but they were not found in the xenopericardial heart valves. Most lipid deposits and cellular infiltrates were not colocalized. Movat’s pentachrome staining revealed an absence of glycosaminoglycans in the leaflets of both types of bioprostheses. Conclusion. The intensity of lipid insudation in the leaflets of bioprosthetic heart valves depends on the xenograft biomaterial. Xenoaortic bioprosthetic heart valves are revealed to be prone to lipid accumulation, unlike xenopericardial bioprostheses. The presence of cell infiltration and glycosaminoglycans in the leaflets is not a determining factor contributing to the accumulation of lipids. Keywords: bioprosthetic heart valves, structural valve degeneration, cell infiltration, blood lipids, glycos-aminoglycans
{"title":"Lipid accumulation features in the heart valve epoxy-treated xenograft","authors":"A. Kostyunin, T. Glushkova, L. Bogdanov, M. Rezvova, E. Ovcharenko","doi":"10.31088/cem2022.11.2.32-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31088/cem2022.11.2.32-42","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction.Xenograft heart valves are prone to structural valve degeneration accompanied by lipid accumulation. Research data suggest that the lipid insudation of bioprosthetic valve is secondary to cellular infiltration, since glycosaminoglycans produced by the recipient's cells are responsible for the lipid storage in the xenograft tissue. The objective of this research was to study the mechanisms of lipid accumulation in the heart valve xenograft, and to test the hypothesis that cells and glycosaminoglycans play a role in this process. Materials and methods.The study included 10 explanted bioprosthetic mitral valves (5 xenoaortic and 5 xenopericardial). We separated the leaflets of these valves from the stent, then the material was fro-zen and transferred to the cryotome for section preparation. The sections were stained with Gill's H&E staining in order to study the cellular infiltration and detect any degenerative changes. To analyze the component composition of the leaflets the sections were stained with Movat's pentachrome, whereas Oil Red O was used to visualize the lipids. We used light microscopy to analyze the stained samples. Results. Lipids and clusters of foam cells were present in all xenoaortic heart valves, but they were not found in the xenopericardial heart valves. Most lipid deposits and cellular infiltrates were not colocalized. Movat’s pentachrome staining revealed an absence of glycosaminoglycans in the leaflets of both types of bioprostheses. Conclusion. The intensity of lipid insudation in the leaflets of bioprosthetic heart valves depends on the xenograft biomaterial. Xenoaortic bioprosthetic heart valves are revealed to be prone to lipid accumulation, unlike xenopericardial bioprostheses. The presence of cell infiltration and glycosaminoglycans in the leaflets is not a determining factor contributing to the accumulation of lipids. Keywords: bioprosthetic heart valves, structural valve degeneration, cell infiltration, blood lipids, glycos-aminoglycans","PeriodicalId":36062,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Morphology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69280384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.31088/cem2022.11.2.43-53
T. V. Palatova, A. Bucharskaya, E. S. Voronina, A. Medvedeva, S.S. Pahomy, O. Godage, G. Maslyakova
Introduction. Intrauterine hypoxia is one of the most frequent complications in pregnancy. It is one of the risk factors of fetal development disorders. In the antenatal period, the effects of hypoxia on re-productive system can impair fetus development and lead to negative consequences. The aim was to studypathological and functional features of testes development in different periods of gestation with chronic intrauterine hypoxia. Materials and methods. We examined autopsies of testicular tissues of 78 fetuses deceased at gestation weeks 19–40. Histological and immunohistochemical methods (using antibodies to Ki-67, Bcl 2, AR, ER, and FGF) were employed. Results. Morphometric examination showed a decrease in the number of tubules, cells in the tubules, and the area of the tubules with a significant increase in the stromal area. Immunohistochemistry revealed a weak expression of proliferation and apoptosis marker, a pronounced diffuse expression of estrogen receptor, and a weak expression of androgen receptor. Fibroblast growth factor expression was increasing up to week 29 and then sharply decreased. Conclusion. Chronic hypoxia leads to damage of germ cells and gland atrophy in the testicles of fetuses. Prolonged oxygen deprivation in the testicular tissue triggers compensatory mechanisms, which manifest in the apoptosis inhibitor expression. Hypoxia disrupts proliferation processes and reduces the functional activity of interstitial endocrinocytes, which is confirmed by the weak AR expression and pronounced ER expression during all gestation periods. These structural changes in testicular morphogenesis may lead to impaired fertility. Keywords: hypoxia, testicle, immunohistochemistry, fertility disorders, antenatal period
{"title":"Morphological and functional features in human fetal testicles during prenatal hypoxia","authors":"T. V. Palatova, A. Bucharskaya, E. S. Voronina, A. Medvedeva, S.S. Pahomy, O. Godage, G. Maslyakova","doi":"10.31088/cem2022.11.2.43-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31088/cem2022.11.2.43-53","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Intrauterine hypoxia is one of the most frequent complications in pregnancy. It is one of the risk factors of fetal development disorders. In the antenatal period, the effects of hypoxia on re-productive system can impair fetus development and lead to negative consequences. The aim was to studypathological and functional features of testes development in different periods of gestation with chronic intrauterine hypoxia. Materials and methods. We examined autopsies of testicular tissues of 78 fetuses deceased at gestation weeks 19–40. Histological and immunohistochemical methods (using antibodies to Ki-67, Bcl 2, AR, ER, and FGF) were employed. Results. Morphometric examination showed a decrease in the number of tubules, cells in the tubules, and the area of the tubules with a significant increase in the stromal area. Immunohistochemistry revealed a weak expression of proliferation and apoptosis marker, a pronounced diffuse expression of estrogen receptor, and a weak expression of androgen receptor. Fibroblast growth factor expression was increasing up to week 29 and then sharply decreased. Conclusion. Chronic hypoxia leads to damage of germ cells and gland atrophy in the testicles of fetuses. Prolonged oxygen deprivation in the testicular tissue triggers compensatory mechanisms, which manifest in the apoptosis inhibitor expression. Hypoxia disrupts proliferation processes and reduces the functional activity of interstitial endocrinocytes, which is confirmed by the weak AR expression and pronounced ER expression during all gestation periods. These structural changes in testicular morphogenesis may lead to impaired fertility. Keywords: hypoxia, testicle, immunohistochemistry, fertility disorders, antenatal period","PeriodicalId":36062,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Morphology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69280431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.31088/cem2022.11.2.6-12
S. Todorov, A. Kazmin, V. Deribas, S. S. Todorov (jr)
Pathological anatomy of pulmonary vascular lesions plays a key role in understanding the patho-genesis and morphogenesis of COVID-19. This review focuses on morphological features of pulmonary vascular injury in COVID-19. The virus is known to be capable of causing not only cytopathic cell damage of various organs and tissues (type II pneumocytes, cardiomyocytes, neurons, epithelial cells of the gas-trointestinal tract) but also endotheliotropic damage that aggravates the development and course of acute alveolar damage to the lungs. We studied the literature on microscopic changes in the vessel walls in lung tissue for 2020–2022. This review discusses the issues of local or systemic vascular lesions, morphologi-cal changes in the vessels over time, the likelihood of the development of microangiopathy, vasculitis, and endotheliitis in COVID-19 patients. Particular attention is paid to possible mechanisms of endotheliopathy in COVID-19 patients and its role in the microthrombi genesis. We speculate that in the future, postmor-tem lung examination in COVID-19 patients using histological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical methods will clarify the features of alterative and inflammatory changes and reparative processes in the blood vessel walls, as well as neoangiogenesis at different stages of the disease. Keywords: pathological anatomy, COVID-19, lungs, endotheliopathy, endotheliitis, microthrombus formation
{"title":"Pathological anatomy of lung vessels in COVID-19","authors":"S. Todorov, A. Kazmin, V. Deribas, S. S. Todorov (jr)","doi":"10.31088/cem2022.11.2.6-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31088/cem2022.11.2.6-12","url":null,"abstract":"Pathological anatomy of pulmonary vascular lesions plays a key role in understanding the patho-genesis and morphogenesis of COVID-19. This review focuses on morphological features of pulmonary vascular injury in COVID-19. The virus is known to be capable of causing not only cytopathic cell damage of various organs and tissues (type II pneumocytes, cardiomyocytes, neurons, epithelial cells of the gas-trointestinal tract) but also endotheliotropic damage that aggravates the development and course of acute alveolar damage to the lungs. We studied the literature on microscopic changes in the vessel walls in lung tissue for 2020–2022. This review discusses the issues of local or systemic vascular lesions, morphologi-cal changes in the vessels over time, the likelihood of the development of microangiopathy, vasculitis, and endotheliitis in COVID-19 patients. Particular attention is paid to possible mechanisms of endotheliopathy in COVID-19 patients and its role in the microthrombi genesis. We speculate that in the future, postmor-tem lung examination in COVID-19 patients using histological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical methods will clarify the features of alterative and inflammatory changes and reparative processes in the blood vessel walls, as well as neoangiogenesis at different stages of the disease. Keywords: pathological anatomy, COVID-19, lungs, endotheliopathy, endotheliitis, microthrombus formation","PeriodicalId":36062,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Morphology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69280509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.31088/cem2022.11.3.5-14
A. Konyukova, S. Shapovaliants, A. Mikhalev, K. Bolikhov, A. Shulaev, N. Gutyrchik, L. Mikhaleva
This literature review discusses diverticulosis, which is currently a crucial issue for modern healthcare worldwide due to its prevalence and variety of clinical courses. Diverticulosis of the colon can be uncomplicated and complicated and vary in its severity in different patients. Complications include inflammation of the diverticulum (i.e., diverticulitis), abscess formation, macro- and microperforation, and bleeding. Today, many researchers argue over pathogenesis and clinical course of complicated diverticulosis of the colon, a particular focus being on local immunity and colon microbiota, pathomorphological changes in the wall of the affected colon, as well as genetic alterations in patients with complicated diverticulosis. We describe risk factors and give modern overview of pathogenic mechanisms and pathological and predictive genetic markers of complicated diverticulosis. Keywords: diverticulosis, diverticular disease, complications, morphological and genetic predictors
{"title":"Morphological and genetic predictors of the complicated course of colon diverticulosis","authors":"A. Konyukova, S. Shapovaliants, A. Mikhalev, K. Bolikhov, A. Shulaev, N. Gutyrchik, L. Mikhaleva","doi":"10.31088/cem2022.11.3.5-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31088/cem2022.11.3.5-14","url":null,"abstract":"This literature review discusses diverticulosis, which is currently a crucial issue for modern healthcare worldwide due to its prevalence and variety of clinical courses. Diverticulosis of the colon can be uncomplicated and complicated and vary in its severity in different patients. Complications include inflammation of the diverticulum (i.e., diverticulitis), abscess formation, macro- and microperforation, and bleeding. Today, many researchers argue over pathogenesis and clinical course of complicated diverticulosis of the colon, a particular focus being on local immunity and colon microbiota, pathomorphological changes in the wall of the affected colon, as well as genetic alterations in patients with complicated diverticulosis. We describe risk factors and give modern overview of pathogenic mechanisms and pathological and predictive genetic markers of complicated diverticulosis. Keywords: diverticulosis, diverticular disease, complications, morphological and genetic predictors","PeriodicalId":36062,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Morphology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69280939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.31088/cem2022.11.4.16-24
L. Somova, E.A. Kotsyurbiy, E. Drobot, N. V. Krylova, I. Lyapun, M. Shchelkanov
Introduction. When studying COVID-19 pathology, considerable attention is paid to the damage to the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, which are associated with the manifestation of the infection. Data on changes in the organs of the lymphatic system are yet scarce. To date, COVID-19 is sure to cause the dysfunction of the immune system; however, information about the damage to the lymph nodes is ambiguous. The aim of the study was to characterize morphological changes in the hilar lymph nodes of patients who died from a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 in Vladivostok in 2021. Materials and methods. A morphological study of the lymph nodes was performed in 20 patients who died from the new coronavirus infection, diagnosed in vivo using a PCR test. The controls were patients who did not have diseases of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue in their medical histories but who died a violent death. The material for histological examination was processed according to generally accepted methods. Results. In all patients, we identified lymphadenopathy with hypoplasia of lymphoid tissue of varying severity. In the cortex, lymphatic follicles were detected, mainly without light (germinal) centers, as well as follicles with a pronounced rarefaction of cells and exposure to the reticular stroma, with no visualization of the paracortical zone. According to the severity of reactive changes in the T- and B-dependent zones of the lymph nodes, we distinguished two types of lymphadenopathy: 1) mixed follicular type; 2) follicular involution with lymphoid depletion. Conclusion. Pathological changes in the hilar lymph nodes of the lungs in patients who died from COVID-19 indicated immunosuppressive effects of the SARS-CoV-2. The pathologic changes in lymph nodes manifested with lymphocytic depletion in T- and B-dependent zones. This indicates a deficiency of cellular and humoral immunity in moderate and severe COVID-19. Keywords: coronavirus infection, COVID-19, pathomorphology, lymph nodes, lymphocytic depletion, immunodeficiency
{"title":"Патоморфология лимфатических узлов в случаях тяжелой инфекции, вызванной SARS-Cov-2, наблюдавшихся в Приморском крае","authors":"L. Somova, E.A. Kotsyurbiy, E. Drobot, N. V. Krylova, I. Lyapun, M. Shchelkanov","doi":"10.31088/cem2022.11.4.16-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31088/cem2022.11.4.16-24","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. When studying COVID-19 pathology, considerable attention is paid to the damage to the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, which are associated with the manifestation of the infection. Data on changes in the organs of the lymphatic system are yet scarce. To date, COVID-19 is sure to cause the dysfunction of the immune system; however, information about the damage to the lymph nodes is ambiguous. The aim of the study was to characterize morphological changes in the hilar lymph nodes of patients who died from a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 in Vladivostok in 2021. Materials and methods. A morphological study of the lymph nodes was performed in 20 patients who died from the new coronavirus infection, diagnosed in vivo using a PCR test. The controls were patients who did not have diseases of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue in their medical histories but who died a violent death. The material for histological examination was processed according to generally accepted methods. Results. In all patients, we identified lymphadenopathy with hypoplasia of lymphoid tissue of varying severity. In the cortex, lymphatic follicles were detected, mainly without light (germinal) centers, as well as follicles with a pronounced rarefaction of cells and exposure to the reticular stroma, with no visualization of the paracortical zone. According to the severity of reactive changes in the T- and B-dependent zones of the lymph nodes, we distinguished two types of lymphadenopathy: 1) mixed follicular type; 2) follicular involution with lymphoid depletion. Conclusion. Pathological changes in the hilar lymph nodes of the lungs in patients who died from COVID-19 indicated immunosuppressive effects of the SARS-CoV-2. The pathologic changes in lymph nodes manifested with lymphocytic depletion in T- and B-dependent zones. This indicates a deficiency of cellular and humoral immunity in moderate and severe COVID-19. Keywords: coronavirus infection, COVID-19, pathomorphology, lymph nodes, lymphocytic depletion, immunodeficiency","PeriodicalId":36062,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Morphology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69281108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.31088/cem2022.11.2.13-21
E. Ulianova, E. Nepomnyashchaya, G. Zhukova, A. B. Sagakyants, D. Yakubova, O. G. Shulgina
Introduction. Serous ovarian carcinoma is a group of extremely aggressive malignant tumors with high mortality rates; today, it remains the most prognostically unfavorable gynecologic cancer in the world. One of the causes is the development of multidrug resistance after administration of various chemotherapy regimens. Therefore, the search for effective markers of resistance to chemotherapy in this disease is promising. The purpose of this study was to analyze expressions of ABC transporters Pgp (ABCB1) and BCRP (ABCG2) in cells of high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas in patients with varying sensitivity to platinum-based polychemotherapy. Materials and methods. Tumor tissues of 100 patients aged 29–79 years with high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas and stages IIIC–IV were studied with immunohistochemical method with rabbit P-glycoprotein 1 (Pgp or MDR1) polyclonal antibodies and by the Reveal Polyvalent HRP-DAB Detection System with mouse monoclonal BCRP antibodies (JF0994 clone). We used the Statistica 13.0 program (StatSoftInc., USA) to analyze the results. We determined the Mann–Whitney U and Pearson’s χ² values, as well as odds ratios with CI. Results. In groups with platinum resistance and platinum sensitivity, there prevailed patients with Pgp+ (98% and 68%) and BCRP+ (90% and 81.4%). Mann–Whitney U-test showed that in cancer cells in platinum-resistant patients, the expression of Pgp and BCRP (70;40–100 and 65;45–90) was 1.8 (p=0.003) and 1.9 times (p=0.013) higher, respectively, than in platinum-sensitive patients (40;4–65 and 35;10–60). Conclusion. The results on the Pgp marker show that it can be used as a predictive factor in high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas. Keywords: serous ovarian carcinoma, multidrug resistance, ABC transporters, Pgp, BCRP
{"title":"ABC transporters in the development of platinum drug resistance in serous ovarian carcinoma","authors":"E. Ulianova, E. Nepomnyashchaya, G. Zhukova, A. B. Sagakyants, D. Yakubova, O. G. Shulgina","doi":"10.31088/cem2022.11.2.13-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31088/cem2022.11.2.13-21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Serous ovarian carcinoma is a group of extremely aggressive malignant tumors with high mortality rates; today, it remains the most prognostically unfavorable gynecologic cancer in the world. One of the causes is the development of multidrug resistance after administration of various chemotherapy regimens. Therefore, the search for effective markers of resistance to chemotherapy in this disease is promising. The purpose of this study was to analyze expressions of ABC transporters Pgp (ABCB1) and BCRP (ABCG2) in cells of high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas in patients with varying sensitivity to platinum-based polychemotherapy. Materials and methods. Tumor tissues of 100 patients aged 29–79 years with high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas and stages IIIC–IV were studied with immunohistochemical method with rabbit P-glycoprotein 1 (Pgp or MDR1) polyclonal antibodies and by the Reveal Polyvalent HRP-DAB Detection System with mouse monoclonal BCRP antibodies (JF0994 clone). We used the Statistica 13.0 program (StatSoftInc., USA) to analyze the results. We determined the Mann–Whitney U and Pearson’s χ² values, as well as odds ratios with CI. Results. In groups with platinum resistance and platinum sensitivity, there prevailed patients with Pgp+ (98% and 68%) and BCRP+ (90% and 81.4%). Mann–Whitney U-test showed that in cancer cells in platinum-resistant patients, the expression of Pgp and BCRP (70;40–100 and 65;45–90) was 1.8 (p=0.003) and 1.9 times (p=0.013) higher, respectively, than in platinum-sensitive patients (40;4–65 and 35;10–60). Conclusion. The results on the Pgp marker show that it can be used as a predictive factor in high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas. Keywords: serous ovarian carcinoma, multidrug resistance, ABC transporters, Pgp, BCRP","PeriodicalId":36062,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Morphology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69280246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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