Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.31088/cem2023.12.2.36-43
I. Telezhnikova, L. G. Zhukova, V. Kometova, S. G. Khomeriki, N. Karnaukhov, E. I. Khatkova, G. Setdikova
Introduction. Neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) provides an in vivo assessment of primary tumor sensitivity to systemic therapy. However, the data on Ki67 clinical significance as a prognostic factor for the effectiveness of chemotherapy in breast cancer (BC) cause controversy. The International Ki67 Interpretation Workgroup for Breast Cancer (IKWG) meeting held in October 2019, recommended developing a standardized methodology for visual global scoring, which is proposed to be used in clinical practice. The aim of the study was to assess the clinical significance of Ki67 using visual global scoring in BC. Materials and methods. The study included 32 patients with proven BC that received preoperative neoadjuvant therapy. We studied paraffin histological blocks, analyzed the Ki67 expression over time in patients with residual tumors, and assessed the correlations of clinical and morphological signs before treatment. Ki67 was determined as the overall average with global scoring. The Ki67 scoring app for smartphones was used as an auxiliary tool to increase the accuracy. Results. The median value of the Ki67 index before NAT was 75.0% (34.8–85.0) and after the therapy it was 1.0% (0.0–6.2) [p<0.0001]. The Ki67 value was significantly lower (p=0.0077) [36% (30–75)] in the presence of residual tumor compared to that in patients without it [85% (78.8–90)]. Conclusion. The Ki67 index before NAT is a strongly prognostic factor of its effectiveness. The research of the Ki67 marker for concomitant diagnosis, which showed prognostic Ki67 role, can be considered as a correct diagnostic vector, only if strict analytical validity is observed. Keywords: Ki67, breast cancer, neoadjuvant therapy, global scoring, IKWG, Ki67 scoring app
{"title":"Visual assessment of the Ki67 index in breast cancer using the global scoring","authors":"I. Telezhnikova, L. G. Zhukova, V. Kometova, S. G. Khomeriki, N. Karnaukhov, E. I. Khatkova, G. Setdikova","doi":"10.31088/cem2023.12.2.36-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31088/cem2023.12.2.36-43","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) provides an in vivo assessment of primary tumor sensitivity to systemic therapy. However, the data on Ki67 clinical significance as a prognostic factor for the effectiveness of chemotherapy in breast cancer (BC) cause controversy. The International Ki67 Interpretation Workgroup for Breast Cancer (IKWG) meeting held in October 2019, recommended developing a standardized methodology for visual global scoring, which is proposed to be used in clinical practice. The aim of the study was to assess the clinical significance of Ki67 using visual global scoring in BC. Materials and methods. The study included 32 patients with proven BC that received preoperative neoadjuvant therapy. We studied paraffin histological blocks, analyzed the Ki67 expression over time in patients with residual tumors, and assessed the correlations of clinical and morphological signs before treatment. Ki67 was determined as the overall average with global scoring. The Ki67 scoring app for smartphones was used as an auxiliary tool to increase the accuracy. Results. The median value of the Ki67 index before NAT was 75.0% (34.8–85.0) and after the therapy it was 1.0% (0.0–6.2) [p<0.0001]. The Ki67 value was significantly lower (p=0.0077) [36% (30–75)] in the presence of residual tumor compared to that in patients without it [85% (78.8–90)]. Conclusion. The Ki67 index before NAT is a strongly prognostic factor of its effectiveness. The research of the Ki67 marker for concomitant diagnosis, which showed prognostic Ki67 role, can be considered as a correct diagnostic vector, only if strict analytical validity is observed. Keywords: Ki67, breast cancer, neoadjuvant therapy, global scoring, IKWG, Ki67 scoring app","PeriodicalId":36062,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Morphology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69281279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.31088/cem2022.11.1.73-78
T. A. Lomanovskaya, T. Boronikhina, A.N. Yatskovskiy
Introduction. Morphometric methods allowing quantitative estimation of changes in a variety of parameters of studied histological objects are often used to evaluate the results of experimental research. The selection of a more limited number of parameters characterized by diagnostically significant evidence of these changes is based on their informative value. The aims of the study were to evaluate the informative value of changes in morpho-densitometric parameters of erythrocytes under hypervitaminosis A and select signs to predict its clinical occurrence. Materials and methods. We used male Wistar rats randomized into two groups of 9 animals each. Hypervitaminosis A was induced by oral daily administration of an oily solution of retinol palmitate. The animals of the control group received an oil base. The morphodensitometric parameters of erythrocytes were measured in blood smears. We compared and evaluated the informativeness of differences in both mean values and t frequency distributions of the parameters in the samples. Results. Erythrocyte morphodensitometric parameters altered with retinol palmitate administration. The values of a number of measured parameters differed significantly from those in the control even before the onset of signs of hypervitaminosis A. We identified a list of informative parameters and selected prognostic criteria for retinol palmitate overdose, namely reduced erythrocyte surface area and increased curvature of the descending torus. A more limited number of diagnostically significant signs were obtained when assessing the informative value of differences in the frequency distributions of morphodensitometric parameters. Conclusion. In morphometric studies, in addition to estimating the informativeness of differences in averaged values, that of differences in their frequency distribution can be used, thus limiting the number of parameters measured under similar experimental conditions. Keywords: hypervitaminosis A, erythrocytes, morphodensitometry, assessment of informativeness
{"title":"Assessment of the informative value of erythrocyte morphological changes in hypervitaminosis A and choice of prognostic signs of its onset","authors":"T. A. Lomanovskaya, T. Boronikhina, A.N. Yatskovskiy","doi":"10.31088/cem2022.11.1.73-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31088/cem2022.11.1.73-78","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Morphometric methods allowing quantitative estimation of changes in a variety of parameters of studied histological objects are often used to evaluate the results of experimental research. The selection of a more limited number of parameters characterized by diagnostically significant evidence of these changes is based on their informative value. The aims of the study were to evaluate the informative value of changes in morpho-densitometric parameters of erythrocytes under hypervitaminosis A and select signs to predict its clinical occurrence. Materials and methods. We used male Wistar rats randomized into two groups of 9 animals each. Hypervitaminosis A was induced by oral daily administration of an oily solution of retinol palmitate. The animals of the control group received an oil base. The morphodensitometric parameters of erythrocytes were measured in blood smears. We compared and evaluated the informativeness of differences in both mean values and t frequency distributions of the parameters in the samples. Results. Erythrocyte morphodensitometric parameters altered with retinol palmitate administration. The values of a number of measured parameters differed significantly from those in the control even before the onset of signs of hypervitaminosis A. We identified a list of informative parameters and selected prognostic criteria for retinol palmitate overdose, namely reduced erythrocyte surface area and increased curvature of the descending torus. A more limited number of diagnostically significant signs were obtained when assessing the informative value of differences in the frequency distributions of morphodensitometric parameters. Conclusion. In morphometric studies, in addition to estimating the informativeness of differences in averaged values, that of differences in their frequency distribution can be used, thus limiting the number of parameters measured under similar experimental conditions. Keywords: hypervitaminosis A, erythrocytes, morphodensitometry, assessment of informativeness","PeriodicalId":36062,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Morphology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69279881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.31088/cem2022.11.1.16-24
M. Dorfman, A. S. Gasparov, O. Patsap, M. Sahakyan, S. Dorfman
Introduction. The current trend of shifting the time of delivery to an older age requires the improvement of methods, algorithms for diagnosis, and choice of management for organ-preserving treatment of uterine fibroids. There are few reports in which data obtained using preoperative imaging methods are compared with the results of histological examination of leiomyomata. The aim of the study was to investigate the features of morphotype and clinical course of the disease in patients with common and cellular uterine leiomyoma. Materials and methods. We divided 80 patients with uterine leiomyoma into 2 groups after comprehensive clinical and morphological examination and treatment. Group 1 involved 50 patients with conventional uterine leiomyoma; group 2 included 30 patients with cellular uterine leiomyoma. All patients had a patient-specific personalized three-dimensional mathematical and graphical model of uterine fibroids built before surgery. Leiomyomata were subjected to a standard pathological examination with hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemical study with Ki-67 antibody, and Van Gieson picrofucsin to assess fibrosis. Results. The frequency of dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, primary infertility, and endometrial hyperplastic processes significantly exceeded (p<0.05) those in the group of patients with cellular myoma. In 64.6% of patients of group 2, the indications for surgery were location of myomatous nodes and their enlargement; in group 1, the percentage of such patients was 26.0% (p<0.05). Large uterine fibroids and multiple locations of nodes were detected in more than 50% of patients in group 2, while those in patients of group 1 were determined only in 14%. In patients with conventional leiomyoma, the Ki-67 index was 0–1–2%, whereas in patients with cellular leiomyoma it was 3–4–5%. In group 1, the fibrosis area was 20–40%; in group 2, this indicator reached up to 10%. Conclusion. Uterine cell myoma is characterized by rapid growth, large node sizes, a higher frequency of both submucosal location and infertility, a combination with hyperplastic endometrial processes, uterine bleeding, pronounced pain syndrome, and a younger age. Keywords: uterine leiomyoma, conventional uterine leiomyoma, cellular uterine leiomyoma, 3D modeling, surgical navigation
{"title":"Clinical and morphological features of simple and cellular fibroids","authors":"M. Dorfman, A. S. Gasparov, O. Patsap, M. Sahakyan, S. Dorfman","doi":"10.31088/cem2022.11.1.16-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31088/cem2022.11.1.16-24","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The current trend of shifting the time of delivery to an older age requires the improvement of methods, algorithms for diagnosis, and choice of management for organ-preserving treatment of uterine fibroids. There are few reports in which data obtained using preoperative imaging methods are compared with the results of histological examination of leiomyomata. The aim of the study was to investigate the features of morphotype and clinical course of the disease in patients with common and cellular uterine leiomyoma. Materials and methods. We divided 80 patients with uterine leiomyoma into 2 groups after comprehensive clinical and morphological examination and treatment. Group 1 involved 50 patients with conventional uterine leiomyoma; group 2 included 30 patients with cellular uterine leiomyoma. All patients had a patient-specific personalized three-dimensional mathematical and graphical model of uterine fibroids built before surgery. Leiomyomata were subjected to a standard pathological examination with hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemical study with Ki-67 antibody, and Van Gieson picrofucsin to assess fibrosis. Results. The frequency of dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, primary infertility, and endometrial hyperplastic processes significantly exceeded (p<0.05) those in the group of patients with cellular myoma. In 64.6% of patients of group 2, the indications for surgery were location of myomatous nodes and their enlargement; in group 1, the percentage of such patients was 26.0% (p<0.05). Large uterine fibroids and multiple locations of nodes were detected in more than 50% of patients in group 2, while those in patients of group 1 were determined only in 14%. In patients with conventional leiomyoma, the Ki-67 index was 0–1–2%, whereas in patients with cellular leiomyoma it was 3–4–5%. In group 1, the fibrosis area was 20–40%; in group 2, this indicator reached up to 10%. Conclusion. Uterine cell myoma is characterized by rapid growth, large node sizes, a higher frequency of both submucosal location and infertility, a combination with hyperplastic endometrial processes, uterine bleeding, pronounced pain syndrome, and a younger age. Keywords: uterine leiomyoma, conventional uterine leiomyoma, cellular uterine leiomyoma, 3D modeling, surgical navigation","PeriodicalId":36062,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Morphology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69280131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.31088/cem2022.11.3.67-72
E. Ivanova, S. E. Solovyeva, O. Dolzhanskiy
We present a rare combination of two tumors (clear cell renal cell carcinoma with well-differentiated renal neuroendocrine tumour) in a 67-year-old man. To the best of our knowledge, English literature presents only one similar clinical case and we are the first to describe this tumor combination in Russian. The renal tumor was discovered accidentally on abdominal ultrasound. The patient had neither complaint, nor clinical signs of carcinoid syndrome, nor tumours in his medical history. CT scan showed a heterogeneous tumor, being 35×35×30 mm in size. It was in the upper segment of the left kidney, deforming the contour of the kidney, without renal pelvis expansion. We performed nephrectomy using the da Vinci Surgical System. The postoperative period was uneventful; no complications were reported. Macroscopically the tumour presented as a round encapsulated node of a variegated structure. Microscopic examination showed that the tumor consisted of large cells with clear cytoplasm and monomorphic small round nuclei (nucleoli were determined at ×400). In some regions of the tumor, we detected small polygonal cells, with ovoid nuclei with granular chromatin, forming solid, ribbon-shaped structures and spindle-cell patterns. The neuroendocrine component revealed strong expression of chromogranin A, synaptophysin, CD56, S-100, pancytokeratin, and СK7. Histological and immunohistochemical studies, we diagnosed a combination of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (Grade I–II by Fuhrman classification) and renal neuroendocrine tumour (Grade I), pT1aN0. The size of the neuroendocrine component was of 7×3 mm; the index of proliferation Ki-67 was less than 1.0%; and the mitotic index was less than 2 ×10 HPF. After nephrectomy this patient needed close monitor because renal neuroendocrine tumours are very rare and have a higher malignant potential than renal cell carcinoma. Keywords: urological pathology, kidney tumor, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, neuroendocrine tumor, immunohistochemistry
{"title":"Combination of clear cell renal cell carcinoma with well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor of the kidney","authors":"E. Ivanova, S. E. Solovyeva, O. Dolzhanskiy","doi":"10.31088/cem2022.11.3.67-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31088/cem2022.11.3.67-72","url":null,"abstract":"We present a rare combination of two tumors (clear cell renal cell carcinoma with well-differentiated renal neuroendocrine tumour) in a 67-year-old man. To the best of our knowledge, English literature presents only one similar clinical case and we are the first to describe this tumor combination in Russian. The renal tumor was discovered accidentally on abdominal ultrasound. The patient had neither complaint, nor clinical signs of carcinoid syndrome, nor tumours in his medical history. CT scan showed a heterogeneous tumor, being 35×35×30 mm in size. It was in the upper segment of the left kidney, deforming the contour of the kidney, without renal pelvis expansion. We performed nephrectomy using the da Vinci Surgical System. The postoperative period was uneventful; no complications were reported. Macroscopically the tumour presented as a round encapsulated node of a variegated structure. Microscopic examination showed that the tumor consisted of large cells with clear cytoplasm and monomorphic small round nuclei (nucleoli were determined at ×400). In some regions of the tumor, we detected small polygonal cells, with ovoid nuclei with granular chromatin, forming solid, ribbon-shaped structures and spindle-cell patterns. The neuroendocrine component revealed strong expression of chromogranin A, synaptophysin, CD56, S-100, pancytokeratin, and СK7. Histological and immunohistochemical studies, we diagnosed a combination of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (Grade I–II by Fuhrman classification) and renal neuroendocrine tumour (Grade I), pT1aN0. The size of the neuroendocrine component was of 7×3 mm; the index of proliferation Ki-67 was less than 1.0%; and the mitotic index was less than 2 ×10 HPF. After nephrectomy this patient needed close monitor because renal neuroendocrine tumours are very rare and have a higher malignant potential than renal cell carcinoma. Keywords: urological pathology, kidney tumor, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, neuroendocrine tumor, immunohistochemistry","PeriodicalId":36062,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Morphology","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69281024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.31088/cem2022.11.4.38-47
Z. Gioeva, R. Vandysheva, A. Ephiev, A. Gabueva, N.G. Dzadzieva, L. M. Erofeeva, L. Mikhaleva
Introduction. Amyloidosis is a disease characterized by extracellular deposition of insoluble fibrils composed of an abnormal protein, amyloid. This protein builds up in various tissues and organs and interferes with their function leading to atrophy and sclerosis. Amyloidosis is usually a systemic disease. However, there are case reports of localized amyloidosis. Localized laryngeal amyloidosis is a rare condition accounting for approximately 15% of localized amyloidosis. The aim of the research was to describe morphological features of localized laryngeal amyloidosis. Materials and methods. We analyzed clinical findings, biopsy, and surgical specimens of 6 patients with localized laryngeal amyloidosis. Amyloid deposits were detected in tissue sections with Congo red stain with polarized light microscopy. We performed immunohistochemical analysis with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to detect different amyloid types. Results. Laryngeal amyloidosis was diagnosed in 4 male and 2 female patients aged from 44 to 62 (the mean age was 54 years). We found amyloid deposits in the interstitial spaces and tumor-like masses; in polarized light, amyloid showed a bright apple-green birefringence. Inflammatory cell infiltrate and multinucleated giant cells were visualized in most cases. Based on the immunohistochemical typing results, 4 patients had AL-kappa amyloidosis and 2 patients were diagnosed with AL-lambda amyloidosis. The disease recurrence was reported in 2 cases. Conclusion. In the head and neck area, the larynx is the most common site affected by localized amyloidosis. AL-kappa amyloidosis prevailed in our study, most of them being in men. In view of high recurrence rates, a long-term follow-up is needed after the amyloid deposit excision. Keywords: amyloidosis, larynx, amyloidoma, localized amyloidosis, immunohistochemistry
{"title":"Clinical and morphological features of localized laryngeal amyloidosis","authors":"Z. Gioeva, R. Vandysheva, A. Ephiev, A. Gabueva, N.G. Dzadzieva, L. M. Erofeeva, L. Mikhaleva","doi":"10.31088/cem2022.11.4.38-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31088/cem2022.11.4.38-47","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Amyloidosis is a disease characterized by extracellular deposition of insoluble fibrils composed of an abnormal protein, amyloid. This protein builds up in various tissues and organs and interferes with their function leading to atrophy and sclerosis. Amyloidosis is usually a systemic disease. However, there are case reports of localized amyloidosis. Localized laryngeal amyloidosis is a rare condition accounting for approximately 15% of localized amyloidosis. The aim of the research was to describe morphological features of localized laryngeal amyloidosis. Materials and methods. We analyzed clinical findings, biopsy, and surgical specimens of 6 patients with localized laryngeal amyloidosis. Amyloid deposits were detected in tissue sections with Congo red stain with polarized light microscopy. We performed immunohistochemical analysis with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to detect different amyloid types. Results. Laryngeal amyloidosis was diagnosed in 4 male and 2 female patients aged from 44 to 62 (the mean age was 54 years). We found amyloid deposits in the interstitial spaces and tumor-like masses; in polarized light, amyloid showed a bright apple-green birefringence. Inflammatory cell infiltrate and multinucleated giant cells were visualized in most cases. Based on the immunohistochemical typing results, 4 patients had AL-kappa amyloidosis and 2 patients were diagnosed with AL-lambda amyloidosis. The disease recurrence was reported in 2 cases. Conclusion. In the head and neck area, the larynx is the most common site affected by localized amyloidosis. AL-kappa amyloidosis prevailed in our study, most of them being in men. In view of high recurrence rates, a long-term follow-up is needed after the amyloid deposit excision. Keywords: amyloidosis, larynx, amyloidoma, localized amyloidosis, immunohistochemistry","PeriodicalId":36062,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Morphology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69281158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.31088/cem2023.12.2.61-68
V. Ivanova, О. Serebryakova, A.V. Kalinovskij, I. Sukhodolo, I. Milto
Introduction. Preterm birth disrupts important processes of fetal growth and development and can serve as a trigger for maladaptive organ remodeling in the postnatal ontogenesis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of preterm birth on the angiogenesis of the left ventricular myocardium of rats from days 1 to 21 of the postnatal ontogenesis. Materials and methods. We performed immunohistochemical (CD31) and morphometric (specific volume of blood capillaries, specific volume of cardiomyocytes, diameter of blood capillaries, trophic index and pericapillary diffusion zone) study of the left ventricular myocardium of full-term and prematurely born (12 and 24 hours preterm) Wistar rats (n=88) of both sexes on days 1, 7, 14, and 21 of the postnatal ontogenesis. Results. The birth of rats 12 and 24 hours preterm does not result in change in the specific volume of blood capillaries and the trophic index in the left ventricular myocardium on days 1, 7, 14, and 21 of the postnatal period. Preterm birth leads to a decrease in the specific volume of cardiomyocytes of the left ventricular myocardium of rats, compared to the parameters of animals in the control group, on days 7–21 of the postnatal period. Preterm birth results in a decrease in the diameter of the blood capillaries of the left ventricular myocardium in female rats on day 21 of the postnatal period. Preterm birth (24 hours preterm) is accompanied by an increase in the size of the zone of pericapillary diffusion in the left ventricular myocardium of rats on day 14 of the postnatal ontogenesis, in comparison with that of animals in the control group. Conclusion. The shorter the duration of the intrauterine period of development of rats, the greater the severity of the observed changes in the left ventricular myocardium are. It seems promising to study the functional state of endotheliocytes of myocardial blood vessels in preterm animals in the postnatal period. Keywords: preterm birth, prematurity, myocardium, angiogenesis, vascular indexes
{"title":"Influence of preterm birth on the vascularization of the left ventricular myocardium of rats in the postnatal ontogenesis","authors":"V. Ivanova, О. Serebryakova, A.V. Kalinovskij, I. Sukhodolo, I. Milto","doi":"10.31088/cem2023.12.2.61-68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31088/cem2023.12.2.61-68","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Preterm birth disrupts important processes of fetal growth and development and can serve as a trigger for maladaptive organ remodeling in the postnatal ontogenesis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of preterm birth on the angiogenesis of the left ventricular myocardium of rats from days 1 to 21 of the postnatal ontogenesis. Materials and methods. We performed immunohistochemical (CD31) and morphometric (specific volume of blood capillaries, specific volume of cardiomyocytes, diameter of blood capillaries, trophic index and pericapillary diffusion zone) study of the left ventricular myocardium of full-term and prematurely born (12 and 24 hours preterm) Wistar rats (n=88) of both sexes on days 1, 7, 14, and 21 of the postnatal ontogenesis. Results. The birth of rats 12 and 24 hours preterm does not result in change in the specific volume of blood capillaries and the trophic index in the left ventricular myocardium on days 1, 7, 14, and 21 of the postnatal period. Preterm birth leads to a decrease in the specific volume of cardiomyocytes of the left ventricular myocardium of rats, compared to the parameters of animals in the control group, on days 7–21 of the postnatal period. Preterm birth results in a decrease in the diameter of the blood capillaries of the left ventricular myocardium in female rats on day 21 of the postnatal period. Preterm birth (24 hours preterm) is accompanied by an increase in the size of the zone of pericapillary diffusion in the left ventricular myocardium of rats on day 14 of the postnatal ontogenesis, in comparison with that of animals in the control group. Conclusion. The shorter the duration of the intrauterine period of development of rats, the greater the severity of the observed changes in the left ventricular myocardium are. It seems promising to study the functional state of endotheliocytes of myocardial blood vessels in preterm animals in the postnatal period. Keywords: preterm birth, prematurity, myocardium, angiogenesis, vascular indexes","PeriodicalId":36062,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Morphology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69281388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.31088/cem2023.12.2.77-88
M. Kachalin, E. Borkhunova, S. Pozyabin, L. Mikhaleva, D. Areshidze, M. A. Kozlova, A. Dovgii
Introduction. Improving treatments for tendon injuries remains a topical issue in biology and medicine. Tendon structure is predisposed to scar formation, with significant regions of dystrophy leading to chronic and recurrent tendinitis. Stem cell regenerative therapy including mesenchymal stromal cell secretome is among promising treatments to improve patient outcomes. Standardized cytokine concentrations can be incorporated into the secretome, which may include both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. This article addresses the use of stromal cell secretome for tendon injury regeneration, which is poorly studied. Materials and methods. The study included 95 white outbred rats (males, weight 120 g), which were divided into three groups: Group I comparison (n=35), Group II experimental (n=35), and Group III control (n=25). Animals in Groups I and II were anesthetized with isoflurane and their calcaneal tendons were dissected and sutured. Animals in Group I were treated with saline solution, whereas Group II received stromal cell secretome. The wounds were subsequently sutured. One week after the manipulation, the animals received the second treatment around the tendon. The animals were withdrawn from the experiment on days 1, 7, 14, and 60. We analyzed the samples using light microscopy with morphometry and transmission electron microscopy. Results. Treating tendons with stromal cell secretome (Group II) is accompanied by less pronounced inflammation and shows no dystrophic changes. The collagen bundles in the regenerate are parallel to each other, with vasculature being normalized and the number of fibroblasts having a slight increase. The control samples, however, showed inflammation, dystrophy, and scarring with hypovascularization of the regenerate. Moreover, the total fibroblast count in the tissue of the control samples elevated significantly. The regenerate in Group II was slightly thicker than in Group III, while in Group I, the regenerate was thinner than in Group III. Conclusion. Mesenchymal stromal cell secretome greatly contributes to tendon healing. Microscopic tendon regenerate structure is similar to that of the intact sample, suggesting its functional recovery. Keywords: multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells, secretome, cytokines, tendon, trauma, reparative regeneration
{"title":"Reparative tendon regeneration influenced by multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell secretome: experimental study","authors":"M. Kachalin, E. Borkhunova, S. Pozyabin, L. Mikhaleva, D. Areshidze, M. A. Kozlova, A. Dovgii","doi":"10.31088/cem2023.12.2.77-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31088/cem2023.12.2.77-88","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Improving treatments for tendon injuries remains a topical issue in biology and medicine. Tendon structure is predisposed to scar formation, with significant regions of dystrophy leading to chronic and recurrent tendinitis. Stem cell regenerative therapy including mesenchymal stromal cell secretome is among promising treatments to improve patient outcomes. Standardized cytokine concentrations can be incorporated into the secretome, which may include both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. This article addresses the use of stromal cell secretome for tendon injury regeneration, which is poorly studied. Materials and methods. The study included 95 white outbred rats (males, weight 120 g), which were divided into three groups: Group I comparison (n=35), Group II experimental (n=35), and Group III control (n=25). Animals in Groups I and II were anesthetized with isoflurane and their calcaneal tendons were dissected and sutured. Animals in Group I were treated with saline solution, whereas Group II received stromal cell secretome. The wounds were subsequently sutured. One week after the manipulation, the animals received the second treatment around the tendon. The animals were withdrawn from the experiment on days 1, 7, 14, and 60. We analyzed the samples using light microscopy with morphometry and transmission electron microscopy. Results. Treating tendons with stromal cell secretome (Group II) is accompanied by less pronounced inflammation and shows no dystrophic changes. The collagen bundles in the regenerate are parallel to each other, with vasculature being normalized and the number of fibroblasts having a slight increase. The control samples, however, showed inflammation, dystrophy, and scarring with hypovascularization of the regenerate. Moreover, the total fibroblast count in the tissue of the control samples elevated significantly. The regenerate in Group II was slightly thicker than in Group III, while in Group I, the regenerate was thinner than in Group III. Conclusion. Mesenchymal stromal cell secretome greatly contributes to tendon healing. Microscopic tendon regenerate structure is similar to that of the intact sample, suggesting its functional recovery. Keywords: multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells, secretome, cytokines, tendon, trauma, reparative regeneration","PeriodicalId":36062,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Morphology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69281409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.31088/CEM2021.10.1.41-49
M. I. Pakharukova, M. A. Kotugina, E. Vainberg
Introduction. Vulvar cancer is a rare female genital tract tumor. Unfortunately, the final diagnosis is often made in the late stage despite the available visualization methods. It indicates the need to improve the early diagnosis methods. The aim of the study was to improve the efficiency of the cytological diagnosis of vulvar cancer and pre-cancerous lesions by comparing the cytological and histological findings and diagnoses and analyzing the differences. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the biopsies, smears, and scrapings of 82 patients from 2014 to 2019 was carried out. Results. We found that true positive conclusions were given in 75% of cases, false negative – in 25% (17 cases). False positive results (overdiagnosis) occurred in 3.6% of all cases compared. The sensitivity of the cytological method was 76.4%, its specificity – 70%. We discussed the possible causes of incorrect cytology conclusions. Conclusion. A retrospective analysis of the discrepancy between the cytological and the histological diag-noses allowed us to identify the microscopic features that resulted into incorrect conclusions and, thus, to increase the reliability of the cytological diagnosis Keywords: vulvar cancer, neoplasia, melanoma, Paget’s disease, vulvar cytology
{"title":"Analyzing the differences between the cytological and histological methods in the\u0000 vulva malignant neoplasm diagnosis","authors":"M. I. Pakharukova, M. A. Kotugina, E. Vainberg","doi":"10.31088/CEM2021.10.1.41-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31088/CEM2021.10.1.41-49","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Vulvar cancer is a rare female genital tract tumor. Unfortunately, the final diagnosis is often made in the late stage despite the available visualization methods. It indicates the need to improve the early diagnosis methods. The aim of the study was to improve the efficiency of the cytological diagnosis of vulvar cancer and pre-cancerous lesions by comparing the cytological and histological findings and diagnoses and analyzing the differences. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the biopsies, smears, and scrapings of 82 patients from 2014 to 2019 was carried out. Results. We found that true positive conclusions were given in 75% of cases, false negative – in 25% (17 cases). False positive results (overdiagnosis) occurred in 3.6% of all cases compared. The sensitivity of the cytological method was 76.4%, its specificity – 70%. We discussed the possible causes of incorrect cytology conclusions. Conclusion. A retrospective analysis of the discrepancy between the cytological and the histological diag-noses allowed us to identify the microscopic features that resulted into incorrect conclusions and, thus, to increase the reliability of the cytological diagnosis Keywords: vulvar cancer, neoplasia, melanoma, Paget’s disease, vulvar cytology","PeriodicalId":36062,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Morphology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69279628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.31088/cem2021.10.4.25-34
S. Chepur, M. Tyunin, V. Myasnikov, I. I. Alekseeva, O. Vladimirova, N. Ilinskiy, A. S. Nikishin, V. Shevchenko, A. Smirnova
Introduction. Amid the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19, experimental models for screening both newly developed vaccines and drugs, and the already registered active pharmaceutical in-gredients tested for new indications are in high demand. The registration of changes in biometric and mor-phological parameters that are significant for the investigative pathology can be an optimal screening tool for antiviral drugs and vaccines to treat COVID-19. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to describe the changes over time of organ and tissue changes using a biological model of a SARS-CoV-2-associated infection in the golden hamsters Mesocricetus auratus. Materials and methods. We performed the study in golden hamsters Mesocricetus auratus weighing 80–100 g. The animals were infected through intranasal administration of a culture of SARS-CoV-2 virus containing 4 × 104 TCID50/mL. We recorded the animals’ weight before the infection and during the next 14 days and measured the specific gravity of the internal organs and the degree of their moisture saturation on days 3, 7, and 14 after the infection. Additionally, tissue samples were fixed in 10% neutral formalin; the preparation of histological specimens was performed according to the standard procedure. Statistical data processing was carried out using non-parametric tests. Results. In the model of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Mesocricetus auratus, we observed the manifestation of the infectious disease after 3 days. The most pronounced pathological changes in the overall health status of the animals and in the histology of internal organs were seen 7 days after the infection. We determined the weight loss and significant deviations in gravimetric coefficients of lungs, heart, spleen, and kidneys to be the indicators revealing the infectious disease course changes over time. Histologic evaluation showed typical changes in the SARS-CoV-2-associated visceral damage: the formation of polymorphonuclear cell infiltrates in the lung interalveolar septa and patchy dystrophic changes in the neurocytes of the brain screen-type centers with the demyelination of the commissural nerve guides. The detected pathological manifestations corresponded in time to an increase in the virus replicative activity in the lungs. Conclusion. The experimental model of the SARS-CoV-2-associated infection in golden hamsters Mesocricetus auratus can be recommended for screening experimental (preclinical) studies of the promising drugs’ efficacy for pathogenetic and etiotropic therapy of COVID-19. Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, golden hamsters, morphometry, organ and tissue structural damage
{"title":"Organ and tissue damage related to SARS-CoV-2: the biological model for experimental (preclinical) trials on golden hamsters Mesocricetus auratus","authors":"S. Chepur, M. Tyunin, V. Myasnikov, I. I. Alekseeva, O. Vladimirova, N. Ilinskiy, A. S. Nikishin, V. Shevchenko, A. Smirnova","doi":"10.31088/cem2021.10.4.25-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31088/cem2021.10.4.25-34","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Amid the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19, experimental models for screening both newly developed vaccines and drugs, and the already registered active pharmaceutical in-gredients tested for new indications are in high demand. The registration of changes in biometric and mor-phological parameters that are significant for the investigative pathology can be an optimal screening tool for antiviral drugs and vaccines to treat COVID-19. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to describe the changes over time of organ and tissue changes using a biological model of a SARS-CoV-2-associated infection in the golden hamsters Mesocricetus auratus. Materials and methods. We performed the study in golden hamsters Mesocricetus auratus weighing 80–100 g. The animals were infected through intranasal administration of a culture of SARS-CoV-2 virus containing 4 × 104 TCID50/mL. We recorded the animals’ weight before the infection and during the next 14 days and measured the specific gravity of the internal organs and the degree of their moisture saturation on days 3, 7, and 14 after the infection. Additionally, tissue samples were fixed in 10% neutral formalin; the preparation of histological specimens was performed according to the standard procedure. Statistical data processing was carried out using non-parametric tests. Results. In the model of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Mesocricetus auratus, we observed the manifestation of the infectious disease after 3 days. The most pronounced pathological changes in the overall health status of the animals and in the histology of internal organs were seen 7 days after the infection. We determined the weight loss and significant deviations in gravimetric coefficients of lungs, heart, spleen, and kidneys to be the indicators revealing the infectious disease course changes over time. Histologic evaluation showed typical changes in the SARS-CoV-2-associated visceral damage: the formation of polymorphonuclear cell infiltrates in the lung interalveolar septa and patchy dystrophic changes in the neurocytes of the brain screen-type centers with the demyelination of the commissural nerve guides. The detected pathological manifestations corresponded in time to an increase in the virus replicative activity in the lungs. Conclusion. The experimental model of the SARS-CoV-2-associated infection in golden hamsters Mesocricetus auratus can be recommended for screening experimental (preclinical) studies of the promising drugs’ efficacy for pathogenetic and etiotropic therapy of COVID-19. Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, golden hamsters, morphometry, organ and tissue structural damage","PeriodicalId":36062,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Morphology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69279533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.31088/CEM2021.10.1.71-77
V. Mitrofanov, O. P. Zhivtsov, N. Orlinskaya, D. Davydenko
Introduction. The article describes an experimental model of chronic suppurative osteomyelitis in a rabbit. As new therapeutic and diagnostic algorithms for the supervision of patients with osteomyelitis appear, there is an growing need to compare the methods of surgical debridement and plasty of bone defects in an infectious process, in order to create experimental standardized pathological conditions as close to the clinical course of the disease in humans as possible. The aim of the study was to develop an experimental model of a standardized chronic purulent bone cavity, suitable for a comprehensive assessment of surgical debridement effectiveness and osteoplastic properties of bone substitute materials. Materials and methods. A standardized defect of the tibia in 24 rabbits was formed. The Staphylococcusaureus strain was used as an infectious agent. A dynamic assessment of the main indicators of blood counts in animals was carried out. The formation of chronic osteomyelitis was evaluated using radiography, com-puted tomography methods and histological studies. Results. It was shown that purulent bone wound developed in experimental animals with the technique cre-ated, and a defect with signs of a chronic purulent-inflammatory process was demonstrated. Conclusion. The proposed model of chronic osteomyelitis is reproducible. Operational flexibility and identi-cal in size and location bone defects allow to use this model in new osteoplastic material research. Keywords: chronic osteomyelitis, experiment, experimental animals
{"title":"Experimental model of chronic focal osteomyelitis for in vivo studies","authors":"V. Mitrofanov, O. P. Zhivtsov, N. Orlinskaya, D. Davydenko","doi":"10.31088/CEM2021.10.1.71-77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31088/CEM2021.10.1.71-77","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article describes an experimental model of chronic suppurative osteomyelitis in a rabbit. As new therapeutic and diagnostic algorithms for the supervision of patients with osteomyelitis appear, there is an growing need to compare the methods of surgical debridement and plasty of bone defects in an infectious process, in order to create experimental standardized pathological conditions as close to the clinical course of the disease in humans as possible. The aim of the study was to develop an experimental model of a standardized chronic purulent bone cavity, suitable for a comprehensive assessment of surgical debridement effectiveness and osteoplastic properties of bone substitute materials. Materials and methods. A standardized defect of the tibia in 24 rabbits was formed. The Staphylococcusaureus strain was used as an infectious agent. A dynamic assessment of the main indicators of blood counts in animals was carried out. The formation of chronic osteomyelitis was evaluated using radiography, com-puted tomography methods and histological studies. Results. It was shown that purulent bone wound developed in experimental animals with the technique cre-ated, and a defect with signs of a chronic purulent-inflammatory process was demonstrated. Conclusion. The proposed model of chronic osteomyelitis is reproducible. Operational flexibility and identi-cal in size and location bone defects allow to use this model in new osteoplastic material research. Keywords: chronic osteomyelitis, experiment, experimental animals","PeriodicalId":36062,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Morphology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69279689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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