Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.31088/cem2021.10.3.55-64
R. Deev, P. Eremin, I. Chekmareva, V. Lebedev, Yu. Deshevoy, T. Nasonova, B. Moroz
Introduction. Research on skin radiation injury remains topical due to the development of X-ray diagnosis and therapy in medical practice. Materials and methods. We studied structural and ultrastructural features of high-dose ionizing radiation exposure to the skin (110 Gy, X-ray) at early stages of damage (days 3, 8, and 14). The study was conducted on Wistar rats (N=39) that were exposed to a single irradiation on the interscapular skin region with an LNK–268 (RAP 100–10) X-ray machine (Russia). To analyze the morphologic changes, light (hematoxylin and eosin stain and toluidine blue stain) and transmission electron microscopy were used. Results. Regardless of clinical manifestations on day 3, subepidermal edema, intercellular edema and epithe-lial layer contact disruption, mitochondria damage to the keratinocytes, and dermal histiocytes developed in the area of radiation exposure. These signs intensified by days 8 and 14, leading to tissue death both at the central and peripheral parts of irradiation. On days 8–14, damage to the vascular endothelial cells became noticeable, the mitochondrial death being the major one. Morphometric data indicate an increase both in the epidermis edema up to its desquamation by day 14 and in total cellularity due to various forms of leukocytes in the papillary and reticular dermis. Conclusion. Local 110-Gy irradiation leads to irreversible changes in the cells and their necrosis within two weeks that may result in ulcer formation later in life. Keywords: radiation ulcer, damage, skin, cell death, ultrastructure
{"title":"Structural and ultrastructural features of early skin damage after local high-dose radiation exposure","authors":"R. Deev, P. Eremin, I. Chekmareva, V. Lebedev, Yu. Deshevoy, T. Nasonova, B. Moroz","doi":"10.31088/cem2021.10.3.55-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31088/cem2021.10.3.55-64","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Research on skin radiation injury remains topical due to the development of X-ray diagnosis and therapy in medical practice. Materials and methods. We studied structural and ultrastructural features of high-dose ionizing radiation exposure to the skin (110 Gy, X-ray) at early stages of damage (days 3, 8, and 14). The study was conducted on Wistar rats (N=39) that were exposed to a single irradiation on the interscapular skin region with an LNK–268 (RAP 100–10) X-ray machine (Russia). To analyze the morphologic changes, light (hematoxylin and eosin stain and toluidine blue stain) and transmission electron microscopy were used. Results. Regardless of clinical manifestations on day 3, subepidermal edema, intercellular edema and epithe-lial layer contact disruption, mitochondria damage to the keratinocytes, and dermal histiocytes developed in the area of radiation exposure. These signs intensified by days 8 and 14, leading to tissue death both at the central and peripheral parts of irradiation. On days 8–14, damage to the vascular endothelial cells became noticeable, the mitochondrial death being the major one. Morphometric data indicate an increase both in the epidermis edema up to its desquamation by day 14 and in total cellularity due to various forms of leukocytes in the papillary and reticular dermis. Conclusion. Local 110-Gy irradiation leads to irreversible changes in the cells and their necrosis within two weeks that may result in ulcer formation later in life. Keywords: radiation ulcer, damage, skin, cell death, ultrastructure","PeriodicalId":36062,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Morphology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69279514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.31088/cem2021.10.4.35-44
A. S. Konstantinov, K. Shelekhova
Introduction. Non-metastatic colorectal cancer can recur within five years as distant metastases in about 25% of stage II patients and 50–60% of stage III patients. It is crucial to identify the subgroup of patients with the highest risk of recurrence. Our study aimed to determine the effect of microvascular density (MVD) and pericyte impaired microvessels (PIM) on the risk of metastasis of colorectal adenocarcinomas. Materials and methods. We carried out a retrospective study of the surgical material for colorectal cancer without metastases in regional lymph nodes. The cohorts included cases with synchronous distant metasta-ses (n=53), metachronous metastases (n=45), and without distant metastases (n=53). In the last group, the follow-up period was from 64 up to 92 months. We performed triple immunohistochemical staining: ERG, α-SMA, and Podoplanin. At low magnification, we determined the areas of highest microvessel density, calculated them on an area of 1.0 mm2 with a magnification of x400. The number of microvessels without α-SMA expression was counted, and eventually the microvessel immaturity index Index-V = PIM / MVD was calculated. Results. Normal blood vessels were characterized by the expression of ERG in endothelial cells and α-SMA in pericytes, while at immature tumor microvessels, the latter were absent. The difference in MVD in the groups was statistically insignificant (p=0.414), on average 10/mm2 for non-metastatic tumors and 11/mm2 for metastatic ones. Metastatic tumors showed significantly higher PIM (mean 8/mm2 vs. 2/mm2) and Index-V (mean 0.69 vs. 0.21). Both showed a significant correlation with distant metastases (p <0.001). Conclusion. The data obtained demonstrate that imperfect tumor neovascularization correlates with metasta-sis, which leads to a worse prognosis. The density of microvessels and their structural features are important independent prognostic factors for patients with colorectal cancer. Evaluation of angiogenesis in a tumor in terms of the number and maturity of newly formed vessels enable to elucidate malignant potential of the tumor. Keywords: angiogenesis, pericytes, microvessel density, colorectal cancer, prognosis
介绍。在约25%的II期患者和50-60%的III期患者中，非转移性结直肠癌可在5年内以远处转移的形式复发。确定复发风险最高的患者亚组是至关重要的。我们的研究旨在确定微血管密度(MVD)和周细胞受损微血管(PIM)对结直肠癌转移风险的影响。材料和方法。我们对未发生区域淋巴结转移的结直肠癌手术材料进行了回顾性研究。队列包括同步远处转移(n=53)，异时转移(n=45)和无远处转移(n=53)的病例。最后一组随访时间从64个月到92个月不等。我们进行了三重免疫组化染色:ERG， α-SMA和Podoplanin。在低倍率下，我们确定了微血管密度最高的区域，并在1.0 mm2的面积上以x400倍率计算了它们。统计无α-SMA表达的微血管数量，最终计算微血管不成熟指数index - v = PIM / MVD。结果。正常血管内皮细胞表达ERG，周细胞表达α-SMA，未成熟肿瘤微血管不表达α-SMA。两组间MVD差异无统计学意义(p=0.414)，非转移性肿瘤平均MVD为10/mm2，转移性肿瘤平均MVD为11/mm2。转移性肿瘤PIM(平均8/mm2 vs. 2/mm2)和Index-V(平均0.69 vs. 0.21)显著升高。两者均与远处转移有显著相关性(p <0.001)。结论。这些数据表明，肿瘤新生血管不完全与转移有关，而转移导致预后较差。微血管密度及其结构特征是影响结直肠癌患者预后的重要独立因素。根据新形成血管的数量和成熟度来评估肿瘤中的血管生成，有助于阐明肿瘤的恶性潜能。关键词:血管生成，周细胞，微血管密度，结直肠癌，预后
{"title":"Correlation of microvasculature structure with metastatic potential of localized forms of colorectal cancer","authors":"A. S. Konstantinov, K. Shelekhova","doi":"10.31088/cem2021.10.4.35-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31088/cem2021.10.4.35-44","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Non-metastatic colorectal cancer can recur within five years as distant metastases in about 25% of stage II patients and 50–60% of stage III patients. It is crucial to identify the subgroup of patients with the highest risk of recurrence. Our study aimed to determine the effect of microvascular density (MVD) and pericyte impaired microvessels (PIM) on the risk of metastasis of colorectal adenocarcinomas. Materials and methods. We carried out a retrospective study of the surgical material for colorectal cancer without metastases in regional lymph nodes. The cohorts included cases with synchronous distant metasta-ses (n=53), metachronous metastases (n=45), and without distant metastases (n=53). In the last group, the follow-up period was from 64 up to 92 months. We performed triple immunohistochemical staining: ERG, α-SMA, and Podoplanin. At low magnification, we determined the areas of highest microvessel density, calculated them on an area of 1.0 mm2 with a magnification of x400. The number of microvessels without α-SMA expression was counted, and eventually the microvessel immaturity index Index-V = PIM / MVD was calculated. Results. Normal blood vessels were characterized by the expression of ERG in endothelial cells and α-SMA in pericytes, while at immature tumor microvessels, the latter were absent. The difference in MVD in the groups was statistically insignificant (p=0.414), on average 10/mm2 for non-metastatic tumors and 11/mm2 for metastatic ones. Metastatic tumors showed significantly higher PIM (mean 8/mm2 vs. 2/mm2) and Index-V (mean 0.69 vs. 0.21). Both showed a significant correlation with distant metastases (p <0.001). Conclusion. The data obtained demonstrate that imperfect tumor neovascularization correlates with metasta-sis, which leads to a worse prognosis. The density of microvessels and their structural features are important independent prognostic factors for patients with colorectal cancer. Evaluation of angiogenesis in a tumor in terms of the number and maturity of newly formed vessels enable to elucidate malignant potential of the tumor. Keywords: angiogenesis, pericytes, microvessel density, colorectal cancer, prognosis","PeriodicalId":36062,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Morphology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69279575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.31088/cem2021.10.4.63-71
S. Gening, I. Antoneeva, T. Abakumova, T. Gening, E. Slesareva
Introduction. Ovarian cancer (OC) is characterized by an unfavorable clinical course. Difficulties in the treatment of OC can be due to intratumoral heterogeneity, which includes the presence of stem cells. The aim of this study was to assess the expression of stem markers in the tissue of primary OC before and during chemotherapy of OC in association with the clinical features of the disease. Materials and methods. A retrospective study evaluated tissue samples of the primary tumors of patients (n=28) with stages I–IV epithelial OC obtained before or after 3 courses of chemotherapy. The expression of ALDH, CD44, and CD133 was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results. In samples of high-grade serous adenocarcinoma, the percentages of cells expressing ALDH (p=0.008), CD44 (p=0.026), and CD133 (p=0.059) were lower than in other subtypes. Tissue samples obtained before treatment showed a higher percentage of cells expressing CD44 (p=0.053) than the ones obtained after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. There was a tendency towards higher expression of CD44 (p=0.056) and ALDH (p=0.074) in stages I–II tumors when compared to that in stages III–IV. In the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group, patients with clinically platinum-sensitive tumors had a higher percentage of CD44+ cells than those with non-platinum-sensitive ones (p=0.038). The number of tumor cells expressing ALDH rose with the increase in CD44+ cells number (R2=0.280, p=0.005). We found a positive correlation between the numbers of CD44+ and CD133+ cells in the tumor parenchyma (r=0.408, p=0.031). Conclusion. Cancer stem cell markers are co-expressed in primary tumor tissue in OC. The expression of stem markers differs depending on the histological subtype and the presence of prior exposure to chemotherapy. Keywords: tumor stem cells, ovarian cancer, chemotherapy, CD44, CD133, ALDH, immunohistochemistry
{"title":"Expression of cancer stem cell markers CD44, CD133, and ALDH in a primary tumor before and after platinum-containing chemotherapy in ovarian cancer","authors":"S. Gening, I. Antoneeva, T. Abakumova, T. Gening, E. Slesareva","doi":"10.31088/cem2021.10.4.63-71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31088/cem2021.10.4.63-71","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Ovarian cancer (OC) is characterized by an unfavorable clinical course. Difficulties in the treatment of OC can be due to intratumoral heterogeneity, which includes the presence of stem cells. The aim of this study was to assess the expression of stem markers in the tissue of primary OC before and during chemotherapy of OC in association with the clinical features of the disease. Materials and methods. A retrospective study evaluated tissue samples of the primary tumors of patients (n=28) with stages I–IV epithelial OC obtained before or after 3 courses of chemotherapy. The expression of ALDH, CD44, and CD133 was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results. In samples of high-grade serous adenocarcinoma, the percentages of cells expressing ALDH (p=0.008), CD44 (p=0.026), and CD133 (p=0.059) were lower than in other subtypes. Tissue samples obtained before treatment showed a higher percentage of cells expressing CD44 (p=0.053) than the ones obtained after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. There was a tendency towards higher expression of CD44 (p=0.056) and ALDH (p=0.074) in stages I–II tumors when compared to that in stages III–IV. In the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group, patients with clinically platinum-sensitive tumors had a higher percentage of CD44+ cells than those with non-platinum-sensitive ones (p=0.038). The number of tumor cells expressing ALDH rose with the increase in CD44+ cells number (R2=0.280, p=0.005). We found a positive correlation between the numbers of CD44+ and CD133+ cells in the tumor parenchyma (r=0.408, p=0.031). Conclusion. Cancer stem cell markers are co-expressed in primary tumor tissue in OC. The expression of stem markers differs depending on the histological subtype and the presence of prior exposure to chemotherapy. Keywords: tumor stem cells, ovarian cancer, chemotherapy, CD44, CD133, ALDH, immunohistochemistry","PeriodicalId":36062,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Morphology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69279926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.31088/cem2021.10.s4.42-51
T. Tral, G. Tolibova
Introduction. High prevalence of early pregnancy loss regardless of methods of conception still remains a relevant problem. One of the ways to identify the etiology of pregnancy loss is a histological examination of the products of conception (POC), decidualization in particular, which often remains underestimated in clinical practice. The aim of the study was to evaluate the decidualization of the endometrium in the retained POC after IVF. Materials and methods.Histological and immunohistochemical analysis of decidualized endometrium was carried out on 153 samples of retained POC around 5–8 weeks of gestation after IVF and on 15 samples of POC after artificial abortion. The POC was fixed in a 10% neutral formaldehyde solution, and a standard histological examination was performed. The immunohistochemical study was carried out to evaluate the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors in the endometrial glands and stromal cells of the decidualized endometrium compact layer. Results. We verified 5 types of decidual endometrial stromal and glandular transformation of a missed abor-tion material after IVF. The morphological features of decidaulized endometrium in missed abortion after IVF are characterized by a complete and impaired stromal transformation with various types of glandular transformation and disynchronous expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors. Conclusion.We described the morphological variants of the decidual endometrial transformation in POC after IVF, which serve a new direction to the understanding of endometrial factor as one of the main determinants of recurrent implantation and reproductive failure often remaining out of the specialist’s focus. Keywords: missed abortion, complete and incomplete gravidar transformation of the endometrium, estrogen and progesterone receptors, IVF
{"title":"Morphological variants of decidual endometrial transformation in missed abortion after in vitro fertilization","authors":"T. Tral, G. Tolibova","doi":"10.31088/cem2021.10.s4.42-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31088/cem2021.10.s4.42-51","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. High prevalence of early pregnancy loss regardless of methods of conception still remains a relevant problem. One of the ways to identify the etiology of pregnancy loss is a histological examination of the products of conception (POC), decidualization in particular, which often remains underestimated in clinical practice. The aim of the study was to evaluate the decidualization of the endometrium in the retained POC after IVF. Materials and methods.Histological and immunohistochemical analysis of decidualized endometrium was carried out on 153 samples of retained POC around 5–8 weeks of gestation after IVF and on 15 samples of POC after artificial abortion. The POC was fixed in a 10% neutral formaldehyde solution, and a standard histological examination was performed. The immunohistochemical study was carried out to evaluate the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors in the endometrial glands and stromal cells of the decidualized endometrium compact layer. Results. We verified 5 types of decidual endometrial stromal and glandular transformation of a missed abor-tion material after IVF. The morphological features of decidaulized endometrium in missed abortion after IVF are characterized by a complete and impaired stromal transformation with various types of glandular transformation and disynchronous expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors. Conclusion.We described the morphological variants of the decidual endometrial transformation in POC after IVF, which serve a new direction to the understanding of endometrial factor as one of the main determinants of recurrent implantation and reproductive failure often remaining out of the specialist’s focus. Keywords: missed abortion, complete and incomplete gravidar transformation of the endometrium, estrogen and progesterone receptors, IVF","PeriodicalId":36062,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Morphology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69279994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.31088/cem2021.10.s4.77-86
I. Tsvetkov, N. Zolotova, A. Kosyreva, D. Dzhalilova, V. Kudelkina, V. Chernikov, V. Mkhitarov, L. Mikhailova, N. Soboleva, V. Razzhivina, M. Dobrynina, S. Gelperina, O. Makarova
Introduction. Doxorubicin is an anticancer chemotherapy drug that has cardiotoxic, hepatotoxic, and nephrotoxic effects. To reduce the toxic effects of doxorubicin, its nanosomal form, PLGA-doxorubicin [Poly(Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid)], has been developed. PLGA is a biodegradable polymer used as a drug delivery system. The nephrotoxic effects of PLGA-doxorubicin have not been studied yet. The aim was to compare the nephrotoxic effects of therapeutic doses of doxorubicin in standard form (Dox) and PLGA-doxorubicin (PLGA-Dox). Materials and methods. Mature male Wistar rats were injected intravenously three times with Dox or PLGA-Dox solution, at a therapeutic dose of 1.75 mg/kg. The animals were sacrificed on days 8 and 21. We carried out morphological, histochemical, and ultrastructural studies of the kidneys. Results. Under the influence of Dox or PLGA-Dox in the kidneys on days 8 and 21 of the experiment, histological and ultrastructural examination revealed dystrophic changes in the proximal tubules with the destruction of the brush border; in the distal tubules and collecting ducts, protein cylinders were located. Dystrophic changes were more pronounced on day 21 than on day 8. During both periods of the experiment, PLGA-Dox caused less pronounced dystrophic changes in the epithelium than Dox that is confirmed by a morphometric assessment of the number of proximal tubules with a destroyed brush border. Conclusion. The nanosomal PLGA-doxorubicin form has a less pronounced nephrotoxic effect than the classical form of doxorubicin. Keywords: nephrotoxic effect, doxorubicin, nanoparticles, PLGA, morphology
{"title":"Morphological characteristics of nephrotoxicity of doxorubicin and doxorubicin PLGA-nanoparticles","authors":"I. Tsvetkov, N. Zolotova, A. Kosyreva, D. Dzhalilova, V. Kudelkina, V. Chernikov, V. Mkhitarov, L. Mikhailova, N. Soboleva, V. Razzhivina, M. Dobrynina, S. Gelperina, O. Makarova","doi":"10.31088/cem2021.10.s4.77-86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31088/cem2021.10.s4.77-86","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Doxorubicin is an anticancer chemotherapy drug that has cardiotoxic, hepatotoxic, and nephrotoxic effects. To reduce the toxic effects of doxorubicin, its nanosomal form, PLGA-doxorubicin [Poly(Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid)], has been developed. PLGA is a biodegradable polymer used as a drug delivery system. The nephrotoxic effects of PLGA-doxorubicin have not been studied yet. The aim was to compare the nephrotoxic effects of therapeutic doses of doxorubicin in standard form (Dox) and PLGA-doxorubicin (PLGA-Dox). Materials and methods. Mature male Wistar rats were injected intravenously three times with Dox or PLGA-Dox solution, at a therapeutic dose of 1.75 mg/kg. The animals were sacrificed on days 8 and 21. We carried out morphological, histochemical, and ultrastructural studies of the kidneys. Results. Under the influence of Dox or PLGA-Dox in the kidneys on days 8 and 21 of the experiment, histological and ultrastructural examination revealed dystrophic changes in the proximal tubules with the destruction of the brush border; in the distal tubules and collecting ducts, protein cylinders were located. Dystrophic changes were more pronounced on day 21 than on day 8. During both periods of the experiment, PLGA-Dox caused less pronounced dystrophic changes in the epithelium than Dox that is confirmed by a morphometric assessment of the number of proximal tubules with a destroyed brush border. Conclusion. The nanosomal PLGA-doxorubicin form has a less pronounced nephrotoxic effect than the classical form of doxorubicin. Keywords: nephrotoxic effect, doxorubicin, nanoparticles, PLGA, morphology","PeriodicalId":36062,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Morphology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69280124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.31088/cem2021.10.2.40-49
G. Demyashkin
Introduction. Today, a primary concern of humanity is male infertility. Recent figures suggest that the disease affects 186 million people worldwide, and its prevalence increases as men get older. In literature the radiation therapy effect on the male reproductive system is debated. Over the past decade, scientific and technological progress has definitely accelerated the development of the radiation therapy methods, and as new devices have emerged, there is a need to carefully select new dosing regimens. The aim of the experimental study was to evaluate morphological spermatogenesis indicators after targeted irradiation with electrons of variable doses. Materials and methods. Wistar rats (n=70) were once subjected to targeted ionizing irradiation on a pulsed electron accelerator NOVAC 11 with doses of 2 Gy, 4 Gy, 6 Gy, 8 Gy, 10 Gy, and 12 Gy, and a week later spermatogenesis was assessed with light microscopy. Results. In the experimental groups, we revealed a decrease in the number of germ cells; signs of degenera-tive changes and lysis of spermatids and spermatozoa; the appearance of intense pyknotic nuclei in primary spermatocytes; and a sharp decrease in the number of spermatogonia and Sertoli and Leydig cells without change in their structure. In the irradiation groups of 8–12 Gy, there was the deepest damage to the tubules, up to spermatogenic epithelium aplasia, and extensive vacuolization. Conclusion. In the testes, we observed dose-dependent progressive pathological changes in tissue structure as well as a decrease in the number of spermatogonia and other germ cells on day 7 after irradiation with a pulsed electron accelerator NOVAC 11. Keywords: electron irradiation, male infertility, spermatogenesis, seminal globs
{"title":"Morphological features of spermatogenesis in rats after targeted irradiation with electrons of variable doses","authors":"G. Demyashkin","doi":"10.31088/cem2021.10.2.40-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31088/cem2021.10.2.40-49","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Today, a primary concern of humanity is male infertility. Recent figures suggest that the disease affects 186 million people worldwide, and its prevalence increases as men get older. In literature the radiation therapy effect on the male reproductive system is debated. Over the past decade, scientific and technological progress has definitely accelerated the development of the radiation therapy methods, and as new devices have emerged, there is a need to carefully select new dosing regimens. The aim of the experimental study was to evaluate morphological spermatogenesis indicators after targeted irradiation with electrons of variable doses. Materials and methods. Wistar rats (n=70) were once subjected to targeted ionizing irradiation on a pulsed electron accelerator NOVAC 11 with doses of 2 Gy, 4 Gy, 6 Gy, 8 Gy, 10 Gy, and 12 Gy, and a week later spermatogenesis was assessed with light microscopy. Results. In the experimental groups, we revealed a decrease in the number of germ cells; signs of degenera-tive changes and lysis of spermatids and spermatozoa; the appearance of intense pyknotic nuclei in primary spermatocytes; and a sharp decrease in the number of spermatogonia and Sertoli and Leydig cells without change in their structure. In the irradiation groups of 8–12 Gy, there was the deepest damage to the tubules, up to spermatogenic epithelium aplasia, and extensive vacuolization. Conclusion. In the testes, we observed dose-dependent progressive pathological changes in tissue structure as well as a decrease in the number of spermatogonia and other germ cells on day 7 after irradiation with a pulsed electron accelerator NOVAC 11. Keywords: electron irradiation, male infertility, spermatogenesis, seminal globs","PeriodicalId":36062,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Morphology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69279208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.31088/cem2021.10.2.57-61
G. Kazaryan, D. Bazarov, A. Grigorchuk, A. Kazaryan, V. Y. Savina, S. A. Levakov, S. Paukov, A. Mamedova, Gyullar Y. Azadova
Catamenial pneumothorax is a rare cause of spontaneous pneumothorax in women of reproductive age and one of the thoracic endometriosis manifestations. Researchers have shown an increased interest in catamenial pneumothorax but a clear treatment strategy for this pathology has not been developed yet. The thoracoscopic revision of the pleural cavity, as well as the identification and subsequent histological verification of ectopic endometriosis foci, play a crucial role in patient management. This case report describes the successful treat-ment of a patient with recurrent catamenial tension pneumothorax and following multidisciplinary analysis. Keywords: catamenial pneumothorax, thoracic endometriosis, histological examination
{"title":"Recurrent catamenial tension pneumothorax in a patient with endometriosis","authors":"G. Kazaryan, D. Bazarov, A. Grigorchuk, A. Kazaryan, V. Y. Savina, S. A. Levakov, S. Paukov, A. Mamedova, Gyullar Y. Azadova","doi":"10.31088/cem2021.10.2.57-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31088/cem2021.10.2.57-61","url":null,"abstract":"Catamenial pneumothorax is a rare cause of spontaneous pneumothorax in women of reproductive age and one of the thoracic endometriosis manifestations. Researchers have shown an increased interest in catamenial pneumothorax but a clear treatment strategy for this pathology has not been developed yet. The thoracoscopic revision of the pleural cavity, as well as the identification and subsequent histological verification of ectopic endometriosis foci, play a crucial role in patient management. This case report describes the successful treat-ment of a patient with recurrent catamenial tension pneumothorax and following multidisciplinary analysis. Keywords: catamenial pneumothorax, thoracic endometriosis, histological examination","PeriodicalId":36062,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Morphology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69279243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.31088/cem2021.10.3.39-46
M. A. Gusniev, V. Pechnikova, S. Gusniev, M. Gushchin, Z. Gioeva, A. Pshikhachev, L. Mikhaleva
Introduction. Bladder cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm of the urinary system, which is rep-resented by non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), and metastatic tumors. NMIBCs are known to recur in 40–60% of cases and progress in 10–30% of patients. Therefore, information needs to be systematized and effective schemes for the prognosis and individual treatment for NMIBC, developed. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of clinical and histologi-cal features of the tumor on the recurrence risk in patients with NMIBC. Materials and methods. We performed a retrospective analysis of the medical histories of 100 patients with NMIBC after standard treatment. The patients were subsequently divided into two groups depending on the presence or absence of recurrent tumor. On initial and follow-up examinations, we studied sex, age, tumor size, number of lesions, degree of tumor differentiation, and the time of recurrence in the corresponding group of patients. Results. On average, the histological type of tumor with a high degree of differentiation (G1) had a smaller tumor size than histological types of tumor of moderate (G2) and low (G3) differentiation (p=0.02). Multiple bladder lesions almost twice as often resulted in recurrent neoplasms than single tumors (p=0.01). The risk of recurrence significantly reduced with increasing tumor size and decreasing degree of differentiation (p=0.5; and p=0.01 for G2 and G3, respectively). Conclusion. The research data show that clinical and histological features (histological type of tumor, the extension of the bladder lesion, and tumor size) are interrelated with recurrent bladder cancer. Keywords: non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, bladder cancer, oncology, pathology, recurrence of bladder cancer, clinical and histological features
{"title":"Сlinical and histological features of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer affecting tumor recurrence","authors":"M. A. Gusniev, V. Pechnikova, S. Gusniev, M. Gushchin, Z. Gioeva, A. Pshikhachev, L. Mikhaleva","doi":"10.31088/cem2021.10.3.39-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31088/cem2021.10.3.39-46","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Bladder cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm of the urinary system, which is rep-resented by non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), and metastatic tumors. NMIBCs are known to recur in 40–60% of cases and progress in 10–30% of patients. Therefore, information needs to be systematized and effective schemes for the prognosis and individual treatment for NMIBC, developed. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of clinical and histologi-cal features of the tumor on the recurrence risk in patients with NMIBC. Materials and methods. We performed a retrospective analysis of the medical histories of 100 patients with NMIBC after standard treatment. The patients were subsequently divided into two groups depending on the presence or absence of recurrent tumor. On initial and follow-up examinations, we studied sex, age, tumor size, number of lesions, degree of tumor differentiation, and the time of recurrence in the corresponding group of patients. Results. On average, the histological type of tumor with a high degree of differentiation (G1) had a smaller tumor size than histological types of tumor of moderate (G2) and low (G3) differentiation (p=0.02). Multiple bladder lesions almost twice as often resulted in recurrent neoplasms than single tumors (p=0.01). The risk of recurrence significantly reduced with increasing tumor size and decreasing degree of differentiation (p=0.5; and p=0.01 for G2 and G3, respectively). Conclusion. The research data show that clinical and histological features (histological type of tumor, the extension of the bladder lesion, and tumor size) are interrelated with recurrent bladder cancer. Keywords: non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, bladder cancer, oncology, pathology, recurrence of bladder cancer, clinical and histological features","PeriodicalId":36062,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Morphology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69279441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.31088/cem2021.10.3.47-54
L. V. Volkova
Introduction. Despite a significant number of publications and a concept known as Correa’s cascade, dysplas-tic processes and the mechanisms of gastric carcinogenesis, are still far from being completely understood. Dysplasia and the processes in the mucous membrane adjacent to the tumor node, their significance, and their role in the field cancerization have also been studied insufficiently. The aim of this work was to analyze the frequency of occurrence and some characteristics of high- and low-grade dysplasia in the gastric mucosa at variable distances from the tumor node. Materials and methods. We carried out a prospective histological study of surgical specimens from 49 patients with intestinal type gastric adenocarcinoma. We studied tissues from the tumor node and adjacent gastric mucosa at various distances from the tumor and assessed the frequency of occurrence and some characteristics of low- and high-grade dysplasia. Results. In the mucous membrane adjacent to the intestinal type adenocarcinoma, 73.5% of cases demon-strated low- and high-grade dysplasia. In all cases, background and precancerous processes were found in areas adjacent to the tumor node with low- and high-grade dysplasia. Conclusion. The incidence of low- and high-grade dysplasia detected in the mucous membrane adjacent to intestinal type gastric adenocarcinoma significantly decreases as the distance from the tumor node in-creases. Dysplastic changes are associated with epithelial hyperplasia, intestinal metaplasia, and inflamma-tory and atrophic changes. The results obtained support field cancerization and highlight the need to study morphological, molecular, and genetic alterations in the gastric mucosa adjacent to the tumor more deeply. The dysplastic changes present at the resection line area indicate that this fact must be considered when determining the resection line. Keywords: gastric cancer, low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia, epithelial dysplasia, intestinal meta-plasia, inflammatory infiltration, atrophy
{"title":"Morphological characteristics of dysplasia in the mucous membrane adjacent to the tumor in intestinal type gastric cancer","authors":"L. V. Volkova","doi":"10.31088/cem2021.10.3.47-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31088/cem2021.10.3.47-54","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Despite a significant number of publications and a concept known as Correa’s cascade, dysplas-tic processes and the mechanisms of gastric carcinogenesis, are still far from being completely understood. Dysplasia and the processes in the mucous membrane adjacent to the tumor node, their significance, and their role in the field cancerization have also been studied insufficiently. The aim of this work was to analyze the frequency of occurrence and some characteristics of high- and low-grade dysplasia in the gastric mucosa at variable distances from the tumor node. Materials and methods. We carried out a prospective histological study of surgical specimens from 49 patients with intestinal type gastric adenocarcinoma. We studied tissues from the tumor node and adjacent gastric mucosa at various distances from the tumor and assessed the frequency of occurrence and some characteristics of low- and high-grade dysplasia. Results. In the mucous membrane adjacent to the intestinal type adenocarcinoma, 73.5% of cases demon-strated low- and high-grade dysplasia. In all cases, background and precancerous processes were found in areas adjacent to the tumor node with low- and high-grade dysplasia. Conclusion. The incidence of low- and high-grade dysplasia detected in the mucous membrane adjacent to intestinal type gastric adenocarcinoma significantly decreases as the distance from the tumor node in-creases. Dysplastic changes are associated with epithelial hyperplasia, intestinal metaplasia, and inflamma-tory and atrophic changes. The results obtained support field cancerization and highlight the need to study morphological, molecular, and genetic alterations in the gastric mucosa adjacent to the tumor more deeply. The dysplastic changes present at the resection line area indicate that this fact must be considered when determining the resection line. Keywords: gastric cancer, low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia, epithelial dysplasia, intestinal meta-plasia, inflammatory infiltration, atrophy","PeriodicalId":36062,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Morphology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69279460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.31088/CEM2021.10.1.21-32
L. Mikhaleva, O. Patsap, T. Bezuglova, A. Davydov, G. Aliev
Introduction. Endometriosis is an endless source of scientific investigations, but still the mechanisms of malignant transformation of ovarian endometriosis remain to be understood. Patients and methods. This study was conducted on surgical specimens isolated from ovarian endometri-oid cysts (OEC) and the endometriosis-associated ovarian tumors obtained after surgical operation from 117 patients. The normal level of serum CA 125 was assumed to be up to 35 IU/ml. Immunohistochemical study of MCK, CK7, CK20, CK 8/18, Calretinin, EMA, Ki67, CEA, Vimentin, Inhibin, WT1, p53, ARID1A (BAF250a), CA 125 antibodies was performed. Results. The results revealed a direct correlation between the level of serum CA 125 and the WT1 expression in the OEC epithelium (Pearson r=0.84, p<0.0001) and between the level of serum CA 125 and the p53 expression (Pearson r=0.81, p<0.0001). A striking direct correlation was found when studying the relation-ship between WT1 and p53 expression in OEC epithelium (Pearson r=0.79, p<0.0001). Conclusion. This research delineated the changes in OEC epithelium, which were similar to the serous epithelial type and associated with an extensive rise in the serum biomarker CA 125 level, which could be indicative of the early neoplastic transformation of OEC. Keywords: CA 125, WT1, p53, ovarian endometrial cyst, ARID1A, malignant transformation
{"title":"Novel clinical and morphological predictors of malignancy in patients with ovarian\u0000 endometrioid cysts","authors":"L. Mikhaleva, O. Patsap, T. Bezuglova, A. Davydov, G. Aliev","doi":"10.31088/CEM2021.10.1.21-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31088/CEM2021.10.1.21-32","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Endometriosis is an endless source of scientific investigations, but still the mechanisms of malignant transformation of ovarian endometriosis remain to be understood. Patients and methods. This study was conducted on surgical specimens isolated from ovarian endometri-oid cysts (OEC) and the endometriosis-associated ovarian tumors obtained after surgical operation from 117 patients. The normal level of serum CA 125 was assumed to be up to 35 IU/ml. Immunohistochemical study of MCK, CK7, CK20, CK 8/18, Calretinin, EMA, Ki67, CEA, Vimentin, Inhibin, WT1, p53, ARID1A (BAF250a), CA 125 antibodies was performed. Results. The results revealed a direct correlation between the level of serum CA 125 and the WT1 expression in the OEC epithelium (Pearson r=0.84, p<0.0001) and between the level of serum CA 125 and the p53 expression (Pearson r=0.81, p<0.0001). A striking direct correlation was found when studying the relation-ship between WT1 and p53 expression in OEC epithelium (Pearson r=0.79, p<0.0001). Conclusion. This research delineated the changes in OEC epithelium, which were similar to the serous epithelial type and associated with an extensive rise in the serum biomarker CA 125 level, which could be indicative of the early neoplastic transformation of OEC. Keywords: CA 125, WT1, p53, ovarian endometrial cyst, ARID1A, malignant transformation","PeriodicalId":36062,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Morphology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69279565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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