Physics Open最新文献_第5页

Linear and nonlinear polarizabilities of anharmonic oscillators from hypergeometric resummation 超几何恢复下非调和振子的线性和非线性极化性

IF 1.4 Q2 Physics and Astronomy

Physics Open

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100323

Thomas Garm Pedersen

引用次数: 0

Influence of crystal tetrahedral and octahedral voids on the radiation shielding properties of iron-based spinels 晶体四面体和八面体孔洞对铁基尖晶石辐射屏蔽性能的影响

IF 1.4 Q2 Physics and Astronomy

Physics Open

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100325

Oki Ade Putra , Dhani Nur Indra Syamputra , Fariz Budi Arafat

This study investigates six iron-based spinel compounds (Fe₃O₄, MnFe₂O₄, NiFe₂O₄, CoFe₂O₄, ZnFe₂O₄, and CuFe₂O₄) as potential candidates for radiation shielding materials. Using the NIST XCOM photon cross-sections (cross-checked with Phy-X/PSD) across 0.015–15 MeV, key shielding parameters were evaluated, including mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), half-value layer (HVL), tenth-value layer (TVL), and mean free path (MFP). Additionally, atomistic parameters such as the effective atomic number (Z_eff), electron density (N_eff), and equivalent atomic number (Z_eq) were assessed. Attenuation metrics were related to density and crystallographic descriptors—tetrahedral (V_tet) and octahedral (V_oct) void volumes and the lattice void ratio (R)—together with ionic site distribution. Calculations show a descending LAC trend as follows: ZnFe₂O₄ > CuFe₂O₄ > NiFe₂O₄ > CoFe₂O₄ > MnFe₂O₄ > Fe₃O₄. A positive correlation between density and LAC was identified, accompanied by a reduction in HVL and TVL values. Furthermore, at sub-MeV energies, MAC shows a qualitative (monotonic) increase with decreasing V_tet/V_oct and lower R, consistent with denser electronic packing. Among the compounds analysed, CuFe₂O₄ and ZnFe₂O₄ demonstrated the highest shielding performance in attenuation capability and material thickness efficiency. Since the dataset comprises six compositions (n = 6), these structure–property relationships are reported as descriptive trends rather than fitted correlations. These findings highlight the critical influence of crystallinity and ionic distribution within the unit cell on the effectiveness of radiation shielding materials, providing actionable targets (smaller V_tet/V_oct and lower R) for designing durable, lead-free shields.

本研究研究了六种铁基尖晶石化合物（Fe3O4, MnFe2O4, NiFe2O4, CoFe2O4， ZnFe2O4和CuFe2O4）作为辐射屏蔽材料的潜在候选材料。利用NIST XCOM在0.015 ~ 15 MeV范围内的光子截面（与Phy-X/PSD交叉检查），评估了关键的屏蔽参数，包括质量衰减系数（MAC）、线性衰减系数（LAC）、半值层（HVL）、十值层（TVL）和平均自由程（MFP）。此外，原子参数，如有效原子序数（Zeff），电子密度（Neff）和等效原子序数（Zeq）进行了评估。衰减指标与密度和晶体描述符——四面体（Vtet）和八面体（Voct）空隙体积和晶格空隙比(R)——以及离子位点分布有关。计算表明，LAC呈下降趋势：ZnFe2O4 >； CuFe2O4 > NiFe2O4 > CoFe2O4 > MnFe2O4 > Fe3O4。密度与LAC呈正相关，同时HVL和TVL值降低。此外，在亚mev能量下，随着vvet /Voct的降低和R的降低，MAC呈现定性的（单调的）增加，与更密集的电子封装一致。在所分析的化合物中，CuFe2O4和ZnFe2O4在衰减能力和材料厚度效率方面表现出最高的屏蔽性能。由于数据集包含六个组成（n = 6），这些结构-属性关系被报告为描述性趋势，而不是拟合相关性。这些发现突出了晶胞内的结晶度和离子分布对辐射屏蔽材料有效性的关键影响，为设计耐用的无铅屏蔽材料提供了可行的目标（更小的Vtet/Voct和更低的R）。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced thermo-magnetic and mechanical performance of EPDM composites reinforced with Fe2O3:NiO nanoparticles under magnetic field-assisted vulcanization Fe2O3:NiO纳米颗粒增强EPDM复合材料在磁场辅助硫化下的热磁和力学性能

IF 1.4 Q2 Physics and Astronomy

Physics Open

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100319

Mohammed Muhi Ali , Salih Abbas Habeeb , Mohammed Hamza Al-Maamori

This study investigates the effect of hybrid ferromagnetic (Fe₂O₃) and antiferromagnetic (NiO) nanoparticles on the structural, thermal, magnetic and mechanical properties of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber composites. Composites with varying Fe₂O₃:NiO weight ratios (1:0.25, 1:1.1, 1:1.5) were synthesized and characterized using techniques such as FTIR, XRD, SEM, AFM, DSC-TGA and VSM. The results revealed that the addition of NiO nanoparticles improved the curing rate, crosslink density, tensile strength and thermal conductivity, with optimal performance observed at 1:1.1 wt% Fe₂O₃:NiO. Magnetic field-assisted vulcanization promoted nanoparticle alignment, leading to enhanced anisotropy and dispersion, which significantly improved the magneto-mechanical performance of the composites. FTIR and XRD confirmed physical interaction without chemical bonding between the fillers and the rubber matrix. The composite containing 1:1.5 wt% Fe₂O₃:NiO demonstrated the highest magnetic response, indicating potential use in magnetorheological elastomer applications.

研究了铁磁（Fe2O3）和反铁磁（NiO）纳米颗粒杂化对三元乙丙橡胶（EPDM）复合材料结构、热、磁和力学性能的影响。采用FTIR、XRD、SEM、AFM、DSC-TGA、VSM等技术对不同Fe2O3:NiO质量比（1:0.25、1:1.1、1:1.5）的复合材料进行了表征。结果表明，NiO纳米颗粒的加入提高了材料的固化速度、交联密度、抗拉强度和导热系数，其中Fe2O3:NiO质量分数为1:1.1时性能最佳。磁场辅助硫化促进了纳米颗粒的排列，增强了各向异性和分散性，显著提高了复合材料的磁力学性能。FTIR和XRD证实填料与橡胶基体之间存在物理相互作用，但没有化学键。含有1:1.5 wt% Fe2O3:NiO的复合材料表现出最高的磁响应，表明在磁流变弹性体应用中的潜在应用。

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引用次数: 0

Adaptive extraction of rotating Doppler shift based on random forest regression 基于随机森林回归的旋转多普勒频移自适应提取

IF 1.4 Q2 Physics and Astronomy

Physics Open

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100347

Song Qiu, Qiang Wang, Minghui Xiong, Jin Zheng, Xiaoting Wang

Rotational Doppler effect (RDE) has played an important role in target rotational speed measurement since its discovery and has attracted widespread attention. Addressing the issues of complex rotational speed extraction processes and limited means of rotational speed information extraction in traditional RDE-based measurements, this study introduces a novel method for intelligent extraction of rotational speed information based on a random forest machine learning model. An intelligent extraction scheme for target rotational speed information is established, achieving adaptive and high-precision extraction of target rotational speed information under the RDE regime. Experiments show that the trained model achieves a processing accuracy of over 95 % for actual measurement data, effectively improving the efficiency and precision of target rotational speed information extraction, and has broad application prospects in metrology.

旋转多普勒效应（RDE）自发现以来，在目标转速测量中发挥了重要作用，引起了广泛的关注。针对传统rde测量中转速提取过程复杂、转速信息提取手段有限的问题，提出了一种基于随机森林机器学习模型的转速信息智能提取方法。建立了目标转速信息的智能提取方案，实现了RDE条件下目标转速信息的自适应高精度提取。实验表明，所训练的模型对实际测量数据的处理精度达到95%以上，有效提高了目标转速信息提取的效率和精度，在计量领域具有广阔的应用前景。

引用次数: 0

Biointeractions of Mn-doped citrate-coated magnetite nanoparticles with HeLa cells: A cytotoxic evaluation 锰掺杂柠檬酸盐包被的磁铁矿纳米颗粒与HeLa细胞的生物相互作用：细胞毒性评价

IF 1.4 Q2 Physics and Astronomy

Physics Open

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100344

Ashna Poulose , P. Amruth , K.A. Nafih , Goutam Kumar Chandra , P.N. Prashanth Kumar , K.S. Pramod

Magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) form a category of NPs that can be easily manipulated with a magnetic field. In the present study, superparamagnetic magnetite (Fe₃O₄) NPs (MNPs) doped with manganese (Mn²⁺⁾ and coated with citric acid (CA) were synthesised via a cost-effective and simple co-precipitation method. The obtained nano powder was investigated using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), UV–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). These analyses validate the successful integration of Mn²⁺ ions into the magnetite structure, with only a minor effect on the lattice parameter value. Spectroscopic investigations revealed the composition of MNPs and the coating with citrate ions. Magnetic measurements confirmed that the synthesised MNPs exhibit superparamagnetic characteristics, displaying minimal remanence and coercivity. The cytotoxic effects were evaluated on HeLa cells using the MTT assay at concentrations ranging from 50 to 300 μg/mL. The results revealed a dose-dependent cytotoxicity for all MNPs combinations. Additionally, findings indicate that surface functionalization and ion doping significantly affect the biocompatibility of MNPs and enhance their potential for biomedical applications.

磁性纳米颗粒（NPs）是一类易于被磁场操纵的纳米颗粒。在本研究中，通过一种经济、简单的共沉淀法合成了掺杂锰（Mn2+）并包覆柠檬酸（CA）的超顺磁性磁铁矿（Fe3O4） NPs （MNPs）。采用x射线粉末衍射（XRD）光谱、衰减全反射傅立叶变换红外（ATR-FTIR）光谱、拉曼光谱、场发射扫描电镜（FE-SEM）、紫外可见（UV-Vis）光谱和振动样品磁强计（VSM）对所得纳米粉体进行了研究。这些分析验证了Mn2+离子成功整合到磁铁矿结构中，对晶格参数值只有很小的影响。光谱研究揭示了MNPs的组成和柠檬酸离子涂层。磁性测量证实，合成的MNPs具有超顺磁性，显示最小的剩余力和矫顽力。在50 ~ 300 μg/mL浓度范围内，采用MTT法评价其对HeLa细胞的细胞毒作用。结果显示，所有MNPs组合均具有剂量依赖性的细胞毒性。此外，研究结果表明，表面功能化和离子掺杂显著影响了MNPs的生物相容性，增强了其生物医学应用潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing the energy storage capabilities and dielectric temperature stability of Er3+modified-Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-based high entropy ceramics via defect engineering 通过缺陷工程提高Er3+改性bi0.5 na0.5 tio3基高熵陶瓷的储能性能和介电温度稳定性

IF 1.4 Q2 Physics and Astronomy

Physics Open

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100329

Hongfen Ji , Ziyue Pan , Mengmeng Gao , Xiaomiao Ji , Jiayu Ren , Miao Li , Yongqiang Pan , Lipeng Xin

The high-entropy ferroelectric ceramics (Bi_0.43-0.45xNa_0.24-0.36xK_0.06-0.09xEr_0.6xSr_0.27) (Ti_0.87Mg_0.09Ni_0.04)O₃ were synthesized by solid-state reaction, which was designed on defect engineering to optimize electrical performance by controlling the bidirectional substitution characteristics of Er³⁺ ions, All samples exhibit a mixed perovskite structure with rhombohedral and tetragonal phases, uniform grain size, clear grain boundaries, and acceptable density. As the doping level increases, the average grain size first increases to 2.87 μm, then decreases. Impedance analysis showed that defect concentration initially decreased, then increased with higher doping due to A-site cation vacancies. The dielectric constant decreased, but with 3 mol % Er³⁺ doping, temperature stability improved (115–359 °C, 41 % higher than undoped). The cation and oxygen vacancies introduced by Er³⁺ ion doping form defect dipoles, reducing oxygen vacancy concentration, thereby enhancing breakdown field strength and improving energy storage efficiency. The energy density W_rec is 1.83 J/cm³ with an energy efficiency of 66.7 % Under a 170 kV/cm electric field.

采用固相法合成了高熵铁电陶瓷（Bi0.43-0.45xNa0.24-0.36xK0.06-0.09xEr0.6xSr0.27）（Ti0.87Mg0.09Ni0.04）O3，通过缺陷工程设计，通过控制Er3+离子的双向取代特性来优化电学性能，样品具有菱形和四方相的混合钙钛矿结构，晶粒尺寸均匀，晶界清晰，密度可接受。随着掺杂水平的增加，平均晶粒尺寸先增大到2.87 μm，然后减小；阻抗分析表明，随着掺杂量的增加，缺陷浓度先降低，后升高。当Er3+掺杂量为3 mol %时，介电常数降低，但温度稳定性提高（115 ~ 359℃，比未掺杂时提高41%）。Er3+离子掺杂引入的阳离子和氧空位形成缺陷偶极子，降低氧空位浓度，从而增强击穿场强，提高储能效率。在170 kV/cm的电场下，能量密度为1.83 J/cm3，能效比为66.7%。

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引用次数: 0

A Monte Carlo approach to optimising a primary collimator design using EGSnrc 利用EGSnrc优化主准直器设计的蒙特卡罗方法

IF 1.4 Q2 Physics and Astronomy

Physics Open

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100339

Anthony Criscuolo , Tracy Underwood , Rebecca Nutbrown , David Shipley , Russell Thomas , Patrick H. Regan , Michael W. Kissick

The primary collimator in a clinical linear accelerator (linac) plays a vital role in the radiation shielding of the machine. One objective of the collimation system is to reduce head leakage to less than 0.1 % relative to the dose on the central axis of the main beam. The objective of this study is to investigate the variation in different parameters of a primary collimator to identify a more optimal design through Monte Carlo simulations. Using the Monte-Carlo EGSnrc cavity application, water scoring regions up to 90°, away from the beam axis, were set up to investigate the properties of various tungsten primary collimator sizes and shapes with 6 MeV electrons incident to a target. For a fixed 12 cm length primary collimator, increasing the external radius from 6 cm to 12 cm, decreased side leakage measured at 90° by a factor of 10. Also, increasing the field size opening, increased leakage by a minimum of a factor of 5 at all angles. Extending the fixed 8 cm external radius primary collimator, from 8 cm to 14 cm length, made little difference to the leakage dose, for example, scoring at 45°. This reduction was a factor of 1.5. A conical frustum shape was found to be an optimal shape in terms of the level of shielding provided per unit volume of material compared to a cylinder.

临床直线加速器的主准直器对机器的辐射屏蔽起着至关重要的作用。准直系统的一个目标是将头部泄漏相对于主光束中轴线上的剂量减少到小于0.1%。本研究的目的是通过蒙特卡罗模拟来研究主准直器不同参数的变化，以确定更优化的设计。利用蒙特卡罗EGSnrc空腔应用程序，建立了远离光束轴90°的水记录区域，研究了6 MeV电子入射到目标上时不同尺寸和形状的钨主准直器的特性。对于固定长度为12厘米的主准直器，将外部半径从6厘米增加到12厘米，在90°处测量的侧泄漏减少了10倍。此外，增加现场尺寸开度，在所有角度至少增加了5倍的泄漏。将固定的8厘米外半径主准直器长度从8厘米延长到14厘米，对泄漏剂量的影响不大，例如，在45°处评分。这种减少是1.5倍。与圆柱体相比，就每单位体积材料提供的屏蔽水平而言，圆锥形截锥体形状被发现是最佳形状。

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引用次数: 0

First-principles study of the electrical, optical, elastic, and mechanical properties of actinium gallium oxide AcGaO3 under varying stress conditions 不同应力条件下氧化锕镓ac高3的电学、光学、弹性和力学性质的第一性原理研究

IF 1.4 Q2 Physics and Astronomy

Physics Open

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100318

S.M. Junaid Zaidi , M. Ijaz Khan , Sana Ullah Sahar , Hammad Khalid , Laviza Fatima , Khaled Fahmi Fawy , M. Umer Farooq , Naeem Ullah

This work is presented to evaluate the fundamental material features of cubic actinium gallium oxide (AcGaO₃) by applying stress at 0, 25, 50, and 100 GPa. The compound is subjected to the computationally generalized gradient approximations (GGA) with Perdew Burke Ernzerhof (PBE) exchange. When stress is applied, the bandgap decreases from 3.023 to 1.647 eV. The partial densities of states (PDOS) for oxygen (O), gallium (Ga), and actinium (Ac) are calculated. The oxygen p-states are responsible for the dominant peaks for AcGaO₃ at 0, 25, 50, and 100 GPa in the valence band range. The dielectric function ε(ω), loss function L(ω), reflectivity R(ω), absorption I(ω), optical conductivity σ(ω), and refractive index n(ω) are some of the significant changes in optical characteristics that are observed with varying stress range from 0 to 100 GPa. When stress is applied between 0 and 100 GPa, the lattice constant values (3.6554 Å to 3.3464 Å) are predicted computationally using energy deformation equations. Several different mechanical features appear to change when stress increases, including the bulk modulus (181.3335–581.8504), shear modulus (140.3777–311.5196), and Young's modulus (334.7514–793.0307). Pugh, Poisson, and Frantsevich mechanical ratios showed that overall brittle behavior occurs between 20 and 100 GPa. Our estimated findings about (AcGaO₃) show the anisotropic character. Furthermore, our anticipated results showed that the chosen material is suitable for use as scintillation material, sophisticated UV and X-ray detectors, space-grade sensors, spintronics, and generation photonics because of its high refractive index, absorption, reflectivity, and conductivity.

本研究通过施加0、25、50和100 GPa的应力来评估立方氧化锕镓（AcGaO3）的基本材料特性。该化合物经过计算广义梯度近似（GGA）与Perdew Burke Ernzerhof （PBE）交换。当施加应力时，带隙从3.023 eV减小到1.647 eV。计算了氧(O)、镓（Ga）和锕（Ac）的偏态密度（PDOS）。氧p态是AcGaO3在0、25、50和100 GPa价带范围内的主导峰。介电函数ε(ω)、损耗函数L（ω）、反射率R（ω）、吸收I（ω）、光导率σ(ω)和折射率n（ω）是在0 ~ 100 GPa的应力范围内观察到的光学特性的显著变化。当应力施加在0和100 GPa之间时，使用能量变形方程计算预测晶格常数值（3.6554 Å至3.3464 Å）。当应力增加时，几种不同的力学特性会发生变化，包括体积模量（181.3335-581.8504）、剪切模量（140.3777-311.5196）和杨氏模量（334.7514-793.0307）。Pugh， Poisson和Frantsevich力学比表明，整体脆性行为发生在20至100 GPa之间。我们对（ac高3）的估计结果显示出各向异性。此外，我们的预期结果表明，所选择的材料适合用作闪烁材料，复杂的紫外线和x射线探测器，空间级传感器，自旋电子学和一代光子学，因为它具有高折射率，吸收，反射率和导电性。

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引用次数: 0

ANISSA: Advanced Neutron Imaging for Solid-State batteries in Action 用于固态电池的先进中子成像技术

IF 1.4 Q2 Physics and Astronomy

Physics Open

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100336

Oriol Sans-Planell , Nikolay Kardjilov , Ingo Manke , Gitanjali Gitanjali , Martin Lange , Eva Schlautmann , Alessandro Tengattini , Stephen Hall , Philip Vestin , Qaphelani Ngulube , Robin Woracek , Wolfgang G. Zeier , Kristina Edström

The development of high-energy density solid-state batteries is critical for the achievement of carbon neutrality goals and the advancement of clean energy. Still, the fundamental understanding of lithium transport mechanisms and degradation processes remains limited. Current characterisation methods face significant challenges in studying these complex systems, particularly due to the difficulty of detecting lithium dynamics in three-dimensional battery architectures in operando conditions. Here we present the ANISSA (Advanced Neutron Imaging for Solid-State batteries in Action) project, an integrated experimental framework combining high-resolution neutron and X-ray imaging techniques to research coupled electro-chemo-mechanical processes in lithium-based energy storage systems.

高能密度固态电池的发展是实现碳中和目标和推进清洁能源发展的关键。尽管如此，对锂运输机制和降解过程的基本理解仍然有限。目前的表征方法在研究这些复杂系统时面临着巨大的挑战，特别是由于在操作条件下难以检测三维电池结构中的锂动力学。在这里，我们介绍了ANISSA（先进中子成像固态电池）项目，这是一个结合高分辨率中子和x射线成像技术的综合实验框架，用于研究锂基储能系统中的耦合电化学-机械过程。

引用次数: 0

Quantum characteristics of a nondegenerate three-level laser with NDPA pumped by electron bombardment 电子轰击泵浦NDPA非简并三能级激光器的量子特性

IF 1.4 Q2 Physics and Astronomy

Physics Open

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100337

Aliyyi Adem

This study investigates the entanglement and squeezing characteristics of light generated by a non-degenerate, three-level laser with a non-degenerate parametric amplifier, which is pumped by electron bombardment to the top level and coupled to a two-mode vacuum reservoir through a single-port mirror. By normal ordering the noise operators, we simplified the calculations and derived the evolution equations for the atomic operators using the master equation. From the steady-state solutions, we determined the average of the photon number, the quadrature variance of radiation, entanglement, the normalized second-order correlation of the cavity radiation, and fluctuations in intensity difference. Our findings indicate that higher spontaneous emission rates significantly decrease the average photon number, while the amplitude of the pumping mode interacting with the parametric amplifier (

ɛ

) increases it. Enhanced squeezing is observed with increasing (

ɛ

), reaching a peak at

ɛ = 0.02 (78.5 %)

. Moreover, spontaneous emission enhances squeezing for some interval of

r_{a}

. A direct correlation between quadrature squeezing and entanglement is found, with greater quadrature squeezing associated with increased entanglement. This research offers potential advancements in quantum technologies, such as quantum communication, computing, and sensing, where controlled squeezing and entanglement are crucial for improving performance.

本文研究了带非简并参量放大器的非简并三能级激光器产生的光的纠缠和压缩特性，该激光器通过电子轰击泵浦到顶层，并通过单口反射镜耦合到双模真空储层。通过对噪声算符的正规排序，简化了计算，并利用主方程推导出原子算符的演化方程。从稳态解中，我们确定了光子数的平均值、辐射的正交方差、纠缠、腔辐射的归一化二阶相关以及强度差的波动。我们的研究结果表明，较高的自发发射率显著降低了平均光子数，而泵浦模式与参数放大器相互作用的振幅增加了平均光子数。随着（η）的增大，挤压作用增强，在η =0.02时达到峰值（78.5%）。自发辐射在一定范围内增强了ra的压缩。发现了正交压缩与纠缠之间的直接关系，更大的正交压缩与更大的纠缠有关。这项研究为量子技术提供了潜在的进步，如量子通信、计算和传感，其中控制压缩和纠缠对提高性能至关重要。

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引用次数: 0