Pub Date : 2025-10-08DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100330
Tome Anticic
This paper introduces a novel accelerator-based method to achieve neutrino–proton interactions at energies from 10 to 100 PeV in a controlled laboratory environment. By employing a staggered configuration of a pion decay tunnel and a proton beamline, the method effectively counters neutrino beam divergence, forming repeated overlaps between narrow neutrino beams and the proton beam. Simulations, using parameters from the Future Circular Collider and including muon cooling to enhance event rates, demonstrate the potential to generate hundreds to thousands of events annually at these ultra-high energies. While the proposed setup presents very significant technological challenges, it could potentially open a new energy range in neutrino physics, enabling precise measurements of neutrino-nucleon cross-sections needed for interpreting high-energy astrophysical neutrino signals and for testing fundamental physics. Beyond the specific implementation explored here, the staggered beamline technique could be a basis for future novel accelerator designs. Integration with emerging technologies like muon colliders could overcome limitations in beam focusing, emittance, or target durability.
{"title":"A simulation study to achieve PeV-scale neutrino–proton collisions via staggered beamlines","authors":"Tome Anticic","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces a novel accelerator-based method to achieve neutrino–proton interactions at energies from 10 to 100 PeV in a controlled laboratory environment. By employing a staggered configuration of a pion decay tunnel and a proton beamline, the method effectively counters neutrino beam divergence, forming repeated overlaps between narrow neutrino beams and the proton beam. Simulations, using parameters from the Future Circular Collider and including muon cooling to enhance event rates, demonstrate the potential to generate hundreds to thousands of events annually at these ultra-high energies. While the proposed setup presents very significant technological challenges, it could potentially open a new energy range in neutrino physics, enabling precise measurements of neutrino-nucleon cross-sections needed for interpreting high-energy astrophysical neutrino signals and for testing fundamental physics. Beyond the specific implementation explored here, the staggered beamline technique could be a basis for future novel accelerator designs. Integration with emerging technologies like muon colliders could overcome limitations in beam focusing, emittance, or target durability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100330"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145265030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100328
S.H. Dhobi , S.P. Gupta , K. Yadav , J.J. Nakarmi , A.K. Jha
Laser-assisted scattering (LAS) refers to the interaction of particles, such as electrons and atoms, in the presence of an external laser field. This process is vital in fields like radiation-matter interaction, plasma physics, laser cooling, medical lasers, and nanotechnology, as it aids in understanding and controlling atomic-scale phenomena. This study presents a theoretical model for LAS in both thermal and non-thermal environments using a modified thermal Volkov wave function, thermal potential of the hydrogen atom, and Bessel functions within the first-order Born and Kroll-Watson approximations. The model was implemented in MATLAB and analyzed under varying parameters—scattering angle, distance separation, incident energy, temperature, and Bessel function order. Results indicate that for linear polarization, the differential cross-section (DCS) exhibits constructive and destructive interference patterns. Lower-order Bessel functions yield higher DCS values across all cases. DCS is higher at low (<95°) and high (>270°) angles and lower in the intermediate range. For circular and elliptical polarizations, DCS shows destructive interference with angle variation. Higher temperatures and lower Bessel orders consistently lead to higher DCS, with the effect diminishing at larger separations due to interference. The DCS decreases with increasing incident energy. Overall, thermal environments show significantly higher DCS compared to non-thermal cases. Though purely theoretical, this work suggests potential applications in quantum thermal machines, quantum batteries, and temperature-sensitive quantum systems, particularly where temperature fluctuations are minimal. The absence of experimental validation remains a key limitation.
{"title":"Thermal electron-hydrogen laser assisted three-body scattering dynamics","authors":"S.H. Dhobi , S.P. Gupta , K. Yadav , J.J. Nakarmi , A.K. Jha","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laser-assisted scattering (LAS) refers to the interaction of particles, such as electrons and atoms, in the presence of an external laser field. This process is vital in fields like radiation-matter interaction, plasma physics, laser cooling, medical lasers, and nanotechnology, as it aids in understanding and controlling atomic-scale phenomena. This study presents a theoretical model for LAS in both thermal and non-thermal environments using a modified thermal Volkov wave function, thermal potential of the hydrogen atom, and Bessel functions within the first-order Born and Kroll-Watson approximations. The model was implemented in MATLAB and analyzed under varying parameters—scattering angle, distance separation, incident energy, temperature, and Bessel function order. Results indicate that for linear polarization, the differential cross-section (DCS) exhibits constructive and destructive interference patterns. Lower-order Bessel functions yield higher DCS values across all cases. DCS is higher at low (<95°) and high (>270°) angles and lower in the intermediate range. For circular and elliptical polarizations, DCS shows destructive interference with angle variation. Higher temperatures and lower Bessel orders consistently lead to higher DCS, with the effect diminishing at larger separations due to interference. The DCS decreases with increasing incident energy. Overall, thermal environments show significantly higher DCS compared to non-thermal cases. Though purely theoretical, this work suggests potential applications in quantum thermal machines, quantum batteries, and temperature-sensitive quantum systems, particularly where temperature fluctuations are minimal. The absence of experimental validation remains a key limitation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100328"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-22DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100327
A. Ou-khouya , I. Ait Brahim , A. Houba , H. Mes-Adi , M. Tahiri
This study investigates the effect of triaxial strain on the structural, electronic, optical, and thermoelectric properties of the perovskite oxide SrTiO3 using first-principles calculations based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) within the Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA), as implemented in the WIEN2k code. Compressive and tensile strains were systematically applied to explore their impact on the material's behavior. The results show that the crystal structure retains its cubic symmetry under all strain conditions. The electronic bandgap is found to decrease under tensile strain and increase under compressive strain, with values ranging from 1.99 eV to 3.41 eV. Optical analysis reveals that tensile strain enhances both light absorption and optical conductivity in the visible and ultraviolet regions. Thermoelectric properties were evaluated using the BoltzTraP code, highlighting the evolution of the Seebeck coefficient, power factor, and electrical and thermal conductivities at 300 K and 800 K. These findings provide insights into strain engineering of SrTiO3 for advanced optoelectronic and thermoelectric applications.
{"title":"Strain effects on the structural, electronic, optical, and thermoelectric properties of SrTiO3","authors":"A. Ou-khouya , I. Ait Brahim , A. Houba , H. Mes-Adi , M. Tahiri","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effect of triaxial strain on the structural, electronic, optical, and thermoelectric properties of the perovskite oxide SrTiO<sub>3</sub> using first-principles calculations based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) within the Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA), as implemented in the WIEN2k code. Compressive and tensile strains were systematically applied to explore their impact on the material's behavior. The results show that the crystal structure retains its cubic symmetry under all strain conditions. The electronic bandgap is found to decrease under tensile strain and increase under compressive strain, with values ranging from 1.99 eV to 3.41 eV. Optical analysis reveals that tensile strain enhances both light absorption and optical conductivity in the visible and ultraviolet regions. Thermoelectric properties were evaluated using the BoltzTraP code, highlighting the evolution of the Seebeck coefficient, power factor, and electrical and thermal conductivities at 300 K and 800 K. These findings provide insights into strain engineering of SrTiO<sub>3</sub> for advanced optoelectronic and thermoelectric applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100327"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145117649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-16DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100326
Khalid Reggab , Houssam Eddine Hailouf , Kingsley Onyebuchi Obodo , Mohammed Benali Kanoun , Souraya Goumri-Said
This study investigates the behavior of spinless particles under the influence of scalar and vector potentials by analytically solving the Klein-Gordon equation using the Nikiforov-Uvarov functional analysis method, coupled with the Hellmann and modified Kratzer potentials, employing the Greene-Aldrich approximation for the centrifugal term. The analytical energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions were utilised to examine the energy spectra of specific diatomic molecules (CO, NO, N2, and CH), demonstrating the correlation of these properties with potential parameters and quantum numbers. In addition to the analytical results, machine learning techniques like Random Forest and Neural Network regressors were used to model and predict the energy spectra based on the calculated data. This made it possible to swiftly explore energy landscapes. The ML models showed great agreement with the analytical results and were better at extrapolating to new quantum numbers and molecular types. This hybrid analytical-ML approach is a strong way to speed up the study of diatomic molecular systems. It combines the rigour of quantum mechanics with data-driven predictions and makes it possible to efficiently screen molecular energy spectra in theoretical and computational chemistry.
{"title":"Klein-Gordon equation and machine learning-enhanced functional analysis: Insights into diatomic molecular systems via analytical and predictive modeling approaches","authors":"Khalid Reggab , Houssam Eddine Hailouf , Kingsley Onyebuchi Obodo , Mohammed Benali Kanoun , Souraya Goumri-Said","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the behavior of spinless particles under the influence of scalar and vector potentials by analytically solving the Klein-Gordon equation using the Nikiforov-Uvarov functional analysis method, coupled with the Hellmann and modified Kratzer potentials, employing the Greene-Aldrich approximation for the centrifugal term. The analytical energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions were utilised to examine the energy spectra of specific diatomic molecules (CO, NO, N<sub>2</sub>, and CH), demonstrating the correlation of these properties with potential parameters and quantum numbers. In addition to the analytical results, machine learning techniques like Random Forest and Neural Network regressors were used to model and predict the energy spectra based on the calculated data. This made it possible to swiftly explore energy landscapes. The ML models showed great agreement with the analytical results and were better at extrapolating to new quantum numbers and molecular types. This hybrid analytical-ML approach is a strong way to speed up the study of diatomic molecular systems. It combines the rigour of quantum mechanics with data-driven predictions and makes it possible to efficiently screen molecular energy spectra in theoretical and computational chemistry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100326"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145117648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-15DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100325
Oki Ade Putra , Dhani Nur Indra Syamputra , Fariz Budi Arafat
This study investigates six iron-based spinel compounds (Fe3O4, MnFe2O4, NiFe2O4, CoFe2O4, ZnFe2O4, and CuFe2O4) as potential candidates for radiation shielding materials. Using the NIST XCOM photon cross-sections (cross-checked with Phy-X/PSD) across 0.015–15 MeV, key shielding parameters were evaluated, including mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), half-value layer (HVL), tenth-value layer (TVL), and mean free path (MFP). Additionally, atomistic parameters such as the effective atomic number (Zeff), electron density (Neff), and equivalent atomic number (Zeq) were assessed. Attenuation metrics were related to density and crystallographic descriptors—tetrahedral (Vtet) and octahedral (Voct) void volumes and the lattice void ratio (R)—together with ionic site distribution. Calculations show a descending LAC trend as follows: ZnFe2O4 > CuFe2O4 > NiFe2O4 > CoFe2O4 > MnFe2O4 > Fe3O4. A positive correlation between density and LAC was identified, accompanied by a reduction in HVL and TVL values. Furthermore, at sub-MeV energies, MAC shows a qualitative (monotonic) increase with decreasing Vtet/Voct and lower R, consistent with denser electronic packing. Among the compounds analysed, CuFe2O4 and ZnFe2O4 demonstrated the highest shielding performance in attenuation capability and material thickness efficiency. Since the dataset comprises six compositions (n = 6), these structure–property relationships are reported as descriptive trends rather than fitted correlations. These findings highlight the critical influence of crystallinity and ionic distribution within the unit cell on the effectiveness of radiation shielding materials, providing actionable targets (smaller Vtet/Voct and lower R) for designing durable, lead-free shields.
{"title":"Influence of crystal tetrahedral and octahedral voids on the radiation shielding properties of iron-based spinels","authors":"Oki Ade Putra , Dhani Nur Indra Syamputra , Fariz Budi Arafat","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates six iron-based spinel compounds (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, MnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, and CuFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) as potential candidates for radiation shielding materials. Using the NIST XCOM photon cross-sections (cross-checked with Phy-X/PSD) across 0.015–15 MeV, key shielding parameters were evaluated, including mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), half-value layer (HVL), tenth-value layer (TVL), and mean free path (MFP). Additionally, atomistic parameters such as the effective atomic number (Z<sub>eff</sub>), electron density (N<sub>eff</sub>), and equivalent atomic number (Z<sub>eq</sub>) were assessed. Attenuation metrics were related to density and crystallographic descriptors—tetrahedral (V<sub>tet</sub>) and octahedral (V<sub>oct</sub>) void volumes and the lattice void ratio (R)—together with ionic site distribution. Calculations show a descending LAC trend as follows: ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> > CuFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> > NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> > CoFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> > MnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> > Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. A positive correlation between density and LAC was identified, accompanied by a reduction in HVL and TVL values. Furthermore, at sub-MeV energies, MAC shows a qualitative (monotonic) increase with decreasing V<sub>tet</sub>/V<sub>oct</sub> and lower R, consistent with denser electronic packing. Among the compounds analysed, CuFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> demonstrated the highest shielding performance in attenuation capability and material thickness efficiency. Since the dataset comprises six compositions (n = 6), these structure–property relationships are reported as descriptive trends rather than fitted correlations. These findings highlight the critical influence of crystallinity and ionic distribution within the unit cell on the effectiveness of radiation shielding materials, providing actionable targets (smaller V<sub>tet</sub>/V<sub>oct</sub> and lower R) for designing durable, lead-free shields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100325"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-12DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100322
Lingkang Kong, Jian Liu, Xinjian Chu
In this paper, we propose a new queuing strategy, which called multi-channel strategy, to improve traffic capacity. The multi-channel strategy is proposed according to the degree of the node. Compared with the previous strategy, single-channel strategy, in which each node has only one waiting queue so that packets can only transmit according to the order of packet queuing per unit time, the multi-channel strategy adjusts the number of waiting queue that each node has, that is, the number of waiting queue of each node is set according to the maximum amount of packets, the degree, that each node can handle per unit time. The pros and cons of the strategies can be compared by two indicators, one is traffic capacity improving, other one is traffic load. Lots of experimental simulations are conducted. In terms of improve traffic capacity, the multi-channel strategy is about 170% times that of the single-channel strategy. In terms of traffic load, the multi-channel strategy is more evenly distributed than the single-channel strategy. According to the experimental results, the multi-channel strategy is superior to the single-channel strategy.
{"title":"Enhancing traffic capacity of scale free networks by changing queuing strategy","authors":"Lingkang Kong, Jian Liu, Xinjian Chu","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we propose a new queuing strategy, which called multi-channel strategy, to improve traffic capacity. The multi-channel strategy is proposed according to the degree of the node. Compared with the previous strategy, single-channel strategy, in which each node has only one waiting queue so that packets can only transmit according to the order of packet queuing per unit time, the multi-channel strategy adjusts the number of waiting queue that each node has, that is, the number of waiting queue of each node is set according to the maximum amount of packets, the degree, that each node can handle per unit time. The pros and cons of the strategies can be compared by two indicators, one is traffic capacity improving, other one is traffic load. Lots of experimental simulations are conducted. In terms of improve traffic capacity, the multi-channel strategy is about 170% times that of the single-channel strategy. In terms of traffic load, the multi-channel strategy is more evenly distributed than the single-channel strategy. According to the experimental results, the multi-channel strategy is superior to the single-channel strategy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100322"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-12DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100321
J.A. Anaya-Contreras , A. Zúñiga-Segundo , I. Ramos-Prieto , H.M. Moya-Cessa
We explicitly show that a transformation based on the squeeze operator enables an exact mapping – without any approximation – of the light–matter interaction Hamiltonian, including the (diamagnetic) term, to the standard Rabi model Hamiltonian. This result underscores the novelty of our approach, as it establishes a rigorous equivalence even in the presence of terms typically excluded in conventional derivations. Additionally, we propose partner waveguide arrays that simulate both the full Hamiltonian with the diamagnetic term and the conventional Rabi Hamiltonian.
{"title":"Rabi model with diamagnetic term and its waveguide realization","authors":"J.A. Anaya-Contreras , A. Zúñiga-Segundo , I. Ramos-Prieto , H.M. Moya-Cessa","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100321","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100321","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We explicitly show that a transformation based on the squeeze operator enables an exact mapping – <em>without any approximation</em> – of the light–matter interaction Hamiltonian, including the <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> (diamagnetic) term, to the standard Rabi model Hamiltonian. This result underscores the novelty of our approach, as it establishes a rigorous equivalence even in the presence of terms typically excluded in conventional derivations. Additionally, we propose partner waveguide arrays that simulate both the full Hamiltonian with the diamagnetic term and the conventional Rabi Hamiltonian.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100321"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-10DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100324
Mohd Fairusham Ghazali , Nor Azinee Said , Muhammad Aminuddin Pi Remli , Erdiwansyah , Muhammad Hanafi Yusop , Rizalman Mamat
Leak detection in water distribution systems remains a significant challenge, especially for small-scale leaks masked by noise. This study proposes an advanced signal processing approach using Gammatone Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (GFCC) combined with a squeezing technique to enhance the detection of weak leak signals. Experiments were conducted using a 152-m MDPE pipeline under two water pressure levels (1 bar and 2 bar) and five leak sizes (1 mm–5 mm). The proposed method detected leak signals at low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) levels as low as 95 dB, where conventional methods typically fail to do so. Specifically, the squeezing technique effectively amplified transient leak signals, enabling accurate identification of leak-induced spikes within high-noise environments. The analysis revealed a significant improvement in detection, with leak signals becoming distinguishable even under severe masking conditions. The proposed GFCC-based technique achieved consistent detection across 30 repeated datasets, validating its robustness and repeatability. The novelty of this study lies in integrating GFCC and squeezing, which were initially used in speech signal processing, into transient-based leak detection in pipelines, an area that has not been widely explored. This hybrid technique presents a promising solution for reliable and high-sensitivity leak detection in modern water distribution networks.
供水系统的泄漏检测仍然是一个重大挑战，特别是对于被噪音掩盖的小规模泄漏。本研究提出了一种利用伽玛酮频率倒谱系数（GFCC）与压缩技术相结合的先进信号处理方法，以增强对弱泄漏信号的检测。实验采用152 m MDPE管道，在2种水压水平（1 bar和2 bar）和5种泄漏尺寸（1 mm - 5 mm）下进行。该方法在低信噪比（SNR）水平（低至95 dB）下检测泄漏信号，而传统方法通常无法做到这一点。具体来说，压缩技术有效地放大了瞬态泄漏信号，从而能够在高噪声环境中准确识别泄漏引起的峰值。分析表明，在检测方面有了显著的改进，即使在严重的掩蔽条件下，泄漏信号也能被识别出来。提出的基于gfcc的技术在30个重复数据集上实现了一致的检测，验证了其鲁棒性和可重复性。本研究的新颖之处在于将最初用于语音信号处理的GFCC和压缩技术整合到基于瞬态的管道泄漏检测中，这是一个尚未被广泛探索的领域。这种混合技术为现代配水管网可靠、高灵敏度的泄漏检测提供了一种很有前景的解决方案。
{"title":"Enhanced leak detection in water distribution systems using GFCC-based signal processing techniques","authors":"Mohd Fairusham Ghazali , Nor Azinee Said , Muhammad Aminuddin Pi Remli , Erdiwansyah , Muhammad Hanafi Yusop , Rizalman Mamat","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leak detection in water distribution systems remains a significant challenge, especially for small-scale leaks masked by noise. This study proposes an advanced signal processing approach using Gammatone Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (GFCC) combined with a squeezing technique to enhance the detection of weak leak signals. Experiments were conducted using a 152-m MDPE pipeline under two water pressure levels (1 bar and 2 bar) and five leak sizes (1 mm–5 mm). The proposed method detected leak signals at low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) levels as low as 95 dB, where conventional methods typically fail to do so. Specifically, the squeezing technique effectively amplified transient leak signals, enabling accurate identification of leak-induced spikes within high-noise environments. The analysis revealed a significant improvement in detection, with leak signals becoming distinguishable even under severe masking conditions. The proposed GFCC-based technique achieved consistent detection across 30 repeated datasets, validating its robustness and repeatability. The novelty of this study lies in integrating GFCC and squeezing, which were initially used in speech signal processing, into transient-based leak detection in pipelines, an area that has not been widely explored. This hybrid technique presents a promising solution for reliable and high-sensitivity leak detection in modern water distribution networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100324"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145044180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-04DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100319
Mohammed Muhi Ali , Salih Abbas Habeeb , Mohammed Hamza Al-Maamori
This study investigates the effect of hybrid ferromagnetic (Fe2O3) and antiferromagnetic (NiO) nanoparticles on the structural, thermal, magnetic and mechanical properties of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber composites. Composites with varying Fe2O3:NiO weight ratios (1:0.25, 1:1.1, 1:1.5) were synthesized and characterized using techniques such as FTIR, XRD, SEM, AFM, DSC-TGA and VSM. The results revealed that the addition of NiO nanoparticles improved the curing rate, crosslink density, tensile strength and thermal conductivity, with optimal performance observed at 1:1.1 wt% Fe2O3:NiO. Magnetic field-assisted vulcanization promoted nanoparticle alignment, leading to enhanced anisotropy and dispersion, which significantly improved the magneto-mechanical performance of the composites. FTIR and XRD confirmed physical interaction without chemical bonding between the fillers and the rubber matrix. The composite containing 1:1.5 wt% Fe2O3:NiO demonstrated the highest magnetic response, indicating potential use in magnetorheological elastomer applications.
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