Physics Open最新文献

{"title":"Investigation of thermo-magnetic properties in Ni-nanoparticles and Ni-PVA composites","authors":"Mahmoud A. Hamad ,&nbsp;Hatem R. Alamri ,&nbsp;Ashraf M. Mohamed ,&nbsp;Yasser I. Khedr ,&nbsp;Mohamed E. Harb ,&nbsp;Sameh M. Elghnam","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2026.100368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2026.100368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To simulate the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) of Ni-nanoparticles and Ni-PVA composites, a phenomenological model (PM) is used. The MCE parameters of Ni-nanoparticles and Ni-PVA composites are calculated as the results of magnetization vs. temperature simulations. The cryogenic temperature range of MCE in Ni-nanoparticles and Ni-PVA composites is 10–40 K. Furthermore, Ni-nanoparticles serve important roles in tailoring the specific heat variability and changing the temperature range that covers this variation. In comparison, the MCE parameters of Ni-nanoparticles and Ni-PVA composites are therefore larger than the various MCE parameters of some published magnetocaloric (MC) samples. It is stated that Ni-nanoparticles and Ni-PVA composites could be utilized in effective cryogenic MR as MC magnets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100368"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning Calabi–Yau three-folds, four-folds, and five-folds","authors":"Kaniba Mady Keita ,&nbsp;Younouss Hamèye Dicko","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this manuscript, we demonstrate, using several regression techniques, that the remaining independent Hodge numbers of complete intersection Calabi–Yau four-folds and five-folds can be machine learned from <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>h</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> and <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>h</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>. Consequently, we combine the Hodge numbers <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>h</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> and <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>h</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> from the complete intersection Calabi-Yau three-folds, four-folds, and five-folds into a single dataset. We then implement various classification algorithms on this dataset. For example, Gaussian process and naive Bayes classifiers both achieve 100% accuracy in binary classification between three-folds and four-folds. Using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm, a special corner is identified in the Calabi–Yau four-fold landscape (characterized by <span><math><mrow><mn>15</mn><mo>≤</mo><msup><mrow><mi>h</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mo>≤</mo><mn>30</mn></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mn>95</mn><mo>≤</mo><msup><mrow><mi>h</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mo>≤</mo><mn>100</mn></mrow></math></span>) during multiclass classification. Furthermore, the highest accuracy 1.00000, in classifying Calabi–Yau three-folds, four-folds, and five-folds is obtained using the naive Bayes classifier.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100360"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dosimetric and radiobiological parameters in brain cancers: A comparison of IMRT and VMAT techniques","authors":"Hamed Zamani ,&nbsp;Mohsen Saeb ,&nbsp;Shahram Monadi ,&nbsp;Mostafa Alizade-Harakiyan ,&nbsp;Ali Akhavan ,&nbsp;Amin Khodaei ,&nbsp;Alireza Farajollahi ,&nbsp;Mikaeil Molazadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This study aimed to perform a physics-driven comparison of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for brain cancers by integrating quantitative dosimetric indices derived from Monte Carlo–based dose calculation and radiobiological modeling. Plans prescribed at 50 Gy and 60 Gy were evaluated to investigate both physical dose distribution characteristics and predicted biological outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Eighty-four computed tomography (CT) datasets of brain cancer patients (mean age, 51.9 ± 12.8 years) were used for treatment planning. IMRT plans were generated using 7–9 non-coplanar fields, while VMAT plans employed a single full clockwise arc. Dose calculations were performed using a Monte Carlo algorithm within the treatment planning system to ensure accurate modeling of dose deposition in heterogeneous intracranial tissues. Quantitative dosimetric parameters, including minimum, mean, maximum doses and dose–volume metrics, were extracted. Conformity index (CI) and homogeneity index (HI) were calculated to assess plan quality from a physics standpoint. For radiobiological evaluation, dose–volume histograms (DVHs) were exported to Biosuit software to compute tumor control probability (TCP) using Niemierko's EUD-based model and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) for organs at risk (OARs) using the Lyman–Kutcher–Burman (LKB) model.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>VMAT demonstrated significantly shorter delivery times compared with IMRT (7.52 ± 0.60 vs. 11.20 ± 1.14 min; P = 0.012) and required fewer monitor units per fraction, reflecting higher delivery efficiency. Quantitative dosimetric analysis revealed significant differences in D_min, D2 %, HI (0.12 ± 0.07 for VMAT vs. 0.14 ± 0.08 for IMRT; P = 0.01), and CI (0.76 ± 0.05 for VMAT vs. 0.72 ± 0.05 for IMRT; P &lt; 0.001), indicating improved dose conformity and homogeneity with VMAT. Radiobiological modeling showed higher TCP for VMAT (0.83 ± 0.07 vs. 0.80 ± 0.06; P = 0.04) and generally lower NTCP and EUD values for several OARs, although most NTCP differences were not statistically significant. Lower prescription dose (50 Gy) resulted in reduced OAR doses and NTCP values compared with 60 Gy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>From a medical physics perspective, VMAT provides superior dosimetric performance and delivery efficiency compared with IMRT, while Monte Carlo–based dose calculation and radiobiological modeling suggest modest improvements in predicted tumor control and normal tissue sparing. The integration of advanced dose calculation algorithms with TCP/NTCP analysis enhances understanding of the physical–biological interplay in intracranial radiotherapy planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100362"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of oscillatory second-grade fluid flow through porous media under slip and thermal influences","authors":"Z. Abbas,&nbsp;A. Gull,&nbsp;G. Nazik,&nbsp;M.Y. Rafiq,&nbsp;M. Mujahid","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents an analytical investigation of oscillatory magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of an electrically conducting second-grade fluid through a porous medium, incorporating the combined influences of velocity slip, thermal radiation, and a first-order chemical reaction. The governing momentum, energy, and concentration equations are formulated using the Boussinesq approximation and Darcy's law, assuming laminar, incompressible, and time-dependent flow. Through appropriate similarity transformations, the system is reduced to a set of ordinary differential equations, for which exact solutions for velocity, temperature, and concentration are derived. The results reveal that magnetic field strength and buoyancy forces significantly suppress fluid velocity due to enhanced Lorentz and thermal resistance effects, whereas thermal radiation elevates temperature throughout the channel. Increasing the Schmidt number and reaction rate reduces solute concentration, indicating diminished mass diffusivity. Heat and mass transfer characteristics, quantified through Nusselt and Sherwood numbers, show that higher Prandtl numbers enhance thermal transport, while stronger chemical reactions lower mass transfer rates. The main novelty of this work lies in obtaining closed-form solutions for oscillatory second-grade fluid flow in a porous medium under the simultaneous effects of slip, radiation, and chemical reaction, offering benchmark results and valuable physical insights for applications in heat exchangers, catalytic reactors, polymer processing, and biomedical flow control systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100363"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A physics-informed neural network framework for modeling rogue and breather solutions in conformable fractional nonlinear wave systems","authors":"Md. Towhiduzzaman ,&nbsp;Md. Abdul Al Mohit ,&nbsp;A.Z.M. Asaduzzaman","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a robust and generalized Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) framework for solving a class of conformable fractional nonlinear wave equations (CFNWEs). These equations are widely used in modeling complex wave dynamics in physical systems exhibiting memory and hereditary effects. By embedding the conformable fractional operator directly into the neural network architecture, the proposed model accurately captures localized nonlinear structures, including rogue waves and breather-type solutions. The framework employs a composite loss function integrating initial, boundary, and PDE residual constraints, optimized through a hybrid training strategy combining Adam and L-BFGS optimizers. Extensive numerical experiments validate the accuracy, physical consistency, and reproducibility of the proposed approach, demonstrating close agreement with analytical solutions. Moreover, the model exhibits robust performance under sparse and noisy data conditions, highlighting its potential for broad applications in wave dynamics, viscoelastic media, and nonlinear signal forecasting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100356"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The enhancement of the interfacial thermal conductance at the Cu/Si heterointerface by the amorphous carbon intermediate layer","authors":"Nana Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2026.100370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2026.100370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heterostructures with different amorphous carbon (a-C) areas are fabricated through simulated magnetron sputtering and mask plates using molecular dynamics simulation. The rationality of the structures is analyzed by number/mass density, hybridization ratio of bonds, radial distribution function and bond angle distribution. Furthermore, the effect of the coverage area of a-C on the interfacial thermal conductance (ITC) of Cu/a-C/Si heterostructures is analyzed in depth. The results showed that the fully covered amorphous carbon insertion layer improves ITC by 67.84 % compared to Cu/Si heterostructure without a-C insertion layer. Phonon density of states (PDOS) shows that phonons within 0–8 THz dominate the heat transport at the heterointerface, and the increase in the coverage area of a-C enhances interfacial phonon transmission in 0–8 THz, allowing phonons to carry more heat energy across the heterointerface. The results and conclusion would have important guiding significance for enhancing the thermal transfer performance of semiconductor devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100370"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fractal time numerical modelling of radiative heat and mass transfer in Carreau–Yasuda mixed convective flow","authors":"Muhammad Shoaib Arif ,&nbsp;Yasir Nawaz ,&nbsp;Kamaleldin Abodayeh","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper demonstrates a computational process in simulating the unsteady radiative mixed convective flow of a Carreau-Yasuda nanofluid by a porous material, when subjected to a magnetic field. Fractal time derivatives are used to model an approach that captures the memory-dependent behaviour of complex transport phenomena. A novel three-stage explicit time integration scheme is developed, delivering third-order temporal accuracy tailored to fractal-time partial differential equations. For spatial discretization, a compact sixth-order scheme is used to improve numerical precision in the interior domain. The proposed framework incorporates thermal and solutal buoyancy effects, nonlinear rheology, Brownian motion, thermophoresis, and contributions from a heat source. It also accounts for the influence of oscillatory boundary conditions and Darcy-Forchheimer drag within porous structures. Rigorous stability and convergence analyses confirm the robustness of the scheme. Quantitative comparisons reveal that at a time step of <span><math><mrow><mo>Δ</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>0.1</mn><mn>2250</mn></mfrac></mrow></math></span>, the proposed scheme achieves an <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>L</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></math></span> error of <span><math><mrow><mn>6.72</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> and consumes approximately 97.62 s, while the second-order scheme reaches an error of <span><math><mrow><mn>1.06</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> with a runtime of 173.82 s under the same compact discretization, highlighting both its efficiency and stability. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the method outperforms existing first- and second-order schemes in both accuracy and computational efficiency. Furthermore, a velocity reduction of over <span><math><mrow><mn>30</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></math></span> observed when increasing the power-law index from 0.6 to 1.2, highlighting enhanced shear-thinning behaviour. The proposed methodology not only ensures numerical stability under fine discretization but also demonstrates robustness in capturing complex flow behaviour in porous, radiatively influenced environments. This fractal-based computational framework offers a valuable tool for simulating non-Newtonian nanofluid systems in emerging thermal technologies. Fractal time derivatives effectively capture memory-dependent, scale-invariant transport phenomena, offering computational advantages and localised accuracy over traditional fractional operators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100359"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial neural network analysis of energy transfer in micropolar magnetic viscous nanofluid flow over a permeable inclined surface with Dufour effect","authors":"Munazza Saeed ,&nbsp;Asma Sabiah ,&nbsp;Muhammad Sohail ,&nbsp;Muhammad Awais Sherani ,&nbsp;Yasser Elmasry","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2026.100375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2026.100375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work investigates the flow of a nanoliquid over a stretchable surface with micro-rotational properties. Nanotechnology has freshly emphasized the distribution of nanoparticles in liquids to enhance their thermal conductivity, facilitating energy generation and transfer. This research focuses on energy transfer through a permeable inclined surface, incorporating the effects of Dufour and thermal radiation. The study also considers the influences of viscous dissipation and magnetic forces on the porous medium. The well-known bvp4c computational technique is applied, using a suitable similarity transformation to convert the flow equations into nonlinear differential equations. Results are presented through graphs and tables, showcasing the physical characteristics and the impact of various material parameters. The findings reveal that the consequences of Dufour and Eckert contribute to an increase in the temperature profile, whereas the surface's inclination reduces the velocity profile.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100375"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical investigation of MHD radiative heat and mass transfer of Casson fluid over a rotating inclined plate in porous media with Hall, chemical reaction and Soret effects","authors":"Shahina Nikhath ,&nbsp;M. Suryanarayana Reddy","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2026.100376","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2026.100376","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents an Analytical investigation of unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) heat and mass transfer in a rotating Casson fluid flow over an isothermal inclined stretching plate embedded in a porous medium. The effects of Hall current, Soret diffusion, thermal radiation, and chemical reaction are incorporated. The Casson fluid is assumed to be viscous, incompressible, non-Newtonian, and electrically conducting. An analytical solution is obtained using a perturbation technique to evaluate the velocity, temperature, and concentration distributions. The influence of governing parameters is illustrated graphically, and numerical values of skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are reported. The results indicate that increasing Hall and Soret parameters enhances fluid velocity due to intensified thermal and solutal buoyancy forces, whereas higher chemical reaction rates reduce concentration levels within the boundary layer. Skin friction decreases with increasing Prandtl number, Hall current, and solutal buoyancy, while it increases with rotation, chemical reaction, and mass diffusion effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100376"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147395000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Least squares as random walks: The general case of arbitrary spacing","authors":"Daniel Kestner ,&nbsp;Alexander Kostinski","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2026.100378","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2026.100378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, we introduced the notion of a random walk based on a discrete sequence of data samples (<em>data walk</em>) and discovered a surprising link between ordinary least squares (OLS) fits to evenly sampled data and random walks. Here we generalize earlier results by showing that the slope of a linear fit to data which annuls the net area under a residual data walk equals that found by OLS for irregularly spaced data sequence. We also discover a deep connection with the orthogonality principle of estimation theory, leading to interpretation of suitably defined scalar products of data vectors as areas under data walks. The results are extended to weighted and generalized least squares (GLS). The new approach is illustrated on cosmic ray arrival time series.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100378"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147395016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}