Physics Open最新文献_第2页

Spiral Compactification with torsion-monodromy locking 具有扭转单锁的螺旋紧化

IF 1.4 Q2 Physics and Astronomy

Physics Open

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100364

Matthew C. Allaby

We present a unified geometric framework in which spiral compactification with torsion and monodromy locking defines a minimal invariant structure governing spectra, interactions, and stability in a five dimensional Kaluza–Klein type setting. The construction introduces a compact spiral dimension endowed with intrinsic torsion, where monodromy fixes allowed winding modes and removes ambiguities associated with conventional compactification schemes. A central result is the identification of a minimal invariant,

D_{min}

, which uniquely determines admissible field configurations, vertical mode spectra, and coupling structure across gravitational and gauge sectors.

Unlike standard approaches that rely on additional symmetry assumptions or external stabilization mechanisms, the present framework derives spectral discreteness and mode selection directly from geometric and topological constraints. We show that torsion and monodromy locking lead to robust quantization conditions, suppress pathological zero modes, and yield a constrained but flexible parameter space compatible with known four dimensional physics. To illustrate the formalism, we provide representative examples and limiting cases that connect the theory to familiar Kaluza–Klein models, as well as to torsion driven phenomena in cosmology and condensed matter systems.

These results establish a mathematically rigorous yet physically motivated foundation for unification based on spiral geometry. The framework is falsifiable in principle through its predicted mode structure and torsion induced spectral features, offering clear pathways toward phenomenological investigation in high energy physics, cosmology, and analog systems.

我们提出了一个统一的几何框架，其中具有扭转和单锁的螺旋紧化定义了在五维Kaluza-Klein型设置中控制光谱，相互作用和稳定性的最小不变结构。该结构引入了具有固有扭转的紧凑螺旋尺寸，其中单一性固定允许缠绕模式，并消除了与传统紧化方案相关的模糊性。一个中心结果是最小不变量Dmin的识别，它唯一地决定了可接受的场构型、垂直模式谱以及引力和规范扇区之间的耦合结构。与依赖于额外对称假设或外部稳定机制的标准方法不同，本框架直接从几何和拓扑约束中获得光谱离散性和模式选择。我们证明了扭转和单一性锁定导致鲁棒量化条件，抑制病态零模式，并产生与已知四维物理兼容的受限但灵活的参数空间。为了说明形式主义，我们提供了代表性的例子和限制情况，将理论与熟悉的Kaluza-Klein模型以及宇宙学和凝聚态系统中的扭转驱动现象联系起来。这些结果为基于螺旋几何的统一建立了数学上严谨但物理上有动机的基础。该框架通过其预测的模式结构和扭致光谱特征在原则上是可证伪的，为高能物理、宇宙学和模拟系统的现象学研究提供了明确的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Dosimetric and radiobiological parameters in brain cancers: A comparison of IMRT and VMAT techniques 脑癌的剂量学和放射生物学参数：IMRT和VMAT技术的比较

IF 1.4 Q2 Physics and Astronomy

Physics Open

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100362

Hamed Zamani , Mohsen Saeb , Shahram Monadi , Mostafa Alizade-Harakiyan , Ali Akhavan , Amin Khodaei , Alireza Farajollahi , Mikaeil Molazadeh

Aim

This study aimed to perform a physics-driven comparison of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for brain cancers by integrating quantitative dosimetric indices derived from Monte Carlo–based dose calculation and radiobiological modeling. Plans prescribed at 50 Gy and 60 Gy were evaluated to investigate both physical dose distribution characteristics and predicted biological outcomes.

Materials and methods

Eighty-four computed tomography (CT) datasets of brain cancer patients (mean age, 51.9 ± 12.8 years) were used for treatment planning. IMRT plans were generated using 7–9 non-coplanar fields, while VMAT plans employed a single full clockwise arc. Dose calculations were performed using a Monte Carlo algorithm within the treatment planning system to ensure accurate modeling of dose deposition in heterogeneous intracranial tissues. Quantitative dosimetric parameters, including minimum, mean, maximum doses and dose–volume metrics, were extracted. Conformity index (CI) and homogeneity index (HI) were calculated to assess plan quality from a physics standpoint. For radiobiological evaluation, dose–volume histograms (DVHs) were exported to Biosuit software to compute tumor control probability (TCP) using Niemierko's EUD-based model and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) for organs at risk (OARs) using the Lyman–Kutcher–Burman (LKB) model.

Results

VMAT demonstrated significantly shorter delivery times compared with IMRT (7.52 ± 0.60 vs. 11.20 ± 1.14 min; P = 0.012) and required fewer monitor units per fraction, reflecting higher delivery efficiency. Quantitative dosimetric analysis revealed significant differences in D_min, D2 %, HI (0.12 ± 0.07 for VMAT vs. 0.14 ± 0.08 for IMRT; P = 0.01), and CI (0.76 ± 0.05 for VMAT vs. 0.72 ± 0.05 for IMRT; P < 0.001), indicating improved dose conformity and homogeneity with VMAT. Radiobiological modeling showed higher TCP for VMAT (0.83 ± 0.07 vs. 0.80 ± 0.06; P = 0.04) and generally lower NTCP and EUD values for several OARs, although most NTCP differences were not statistically significant. Lower prescription dose (50 Gy) resulted in reduced OAR doses and NTCP values compared with 60 Gy.

Conclusion

From a medical physics perspective, VMAT provides superior dosimetric performance and delivery efficiency compared with IMRT, while Monte Carlo–based dose calculation and radiobiological modeling suggest modest improvements in predicted tumor control and normal tissue sparing. The integration of advanced dose calculation algorithms with TCP/NTCP analysis enhances understanding of the physical–biological interplay in intracranial radiotherapy planning.

目的本研究旨在通过整合基于蒙特卡洛剂量计算和放射生物学模型得出的定量剂量学指标，对体积调制电弧治疗（VMAT）和调强放疗（IMRT）治疗脑癌进行物理驱动的比较。评估了50gy和60gy的剂量计划，以研究物理剂量分布特征和预测的生物学结果。材料与方法采用84例脑癌患者（平均年龄51.9±12.8岁）的CT数据集制定治疗方案。IMRT计划使用7-9个非共面场生成，而VMAT计划使用单个完整的顺时针弧。在治疗计划系统中使用蒙特卡罗算法进行剂量计算，以确保对异质性颅内组织中的剂量沉积进行准确建模。提取定量剂量学参数，包括最小、平均、最大剂量和剂量-体积指标。计算一致性指数（CI）和均匀性指数（HI），从物理角度评估计划质量。放射生物学评估，将剂量-体积直方图（DVHs）输出到Biosuit软件，使用Niemierko基于eud的模型计算肿瘤控制概率（TCP），使用Lyman-Kutcher-Burman （LKB）模型计算危险器官（OARs）的正常组织并发症概率（NTCP）。结果vmat与IMRT相比递送时间明显缩短（7.52±0.60 vs 11.20±1.14 min; P = 0.012），每分数所需的监护单位更少，反映出更高的递送效率。定量剂量学分析显示，Dmin、D2 %、HI （VMAT组0.12±0.07，IMRT组0.14±0.08,P = 0.01）和CI （VMAT组0.76±0.05，IMRT组0.72±0.05,P < 0.001）差异有统计学意义，表明VMAT的剂量一致性和均匀性得到改善。放射生物学模型显示VMAT的TCP较高（0.83±0.07 vs. 0.80±0.06;P = 0.04），几种桨的NTCP和EUD值普遍较低，尽管大多数NTCP差异无统计学意义。与60 Gy相比，较低的处方剂量（50 Gy）导致OAR剂量和NTCP值降低。结论从医学物理学的角度来看，VMAT与IMRT相比具有更好的剂量学性能和递送效率，而基于蒙特卡罗的剂量计算和放射生物学模型表明，VMAT在预测肿瘤控制和正常组织保留方面有适度的改善。将先进的剂量计算算法与TCP/NTCP分析相结合，增强了对颅内放疗计划中物理-生物相互作用的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Fractal time numerical modelling of radiative heat and mass transfer in Carreau–Yasuda mixed convective flow carau - yasuda混合对流中辐射传热传质的分形时间数值模拟

IF 1.4 Q2 Physics and Astronomy

Physics Open

Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100359

Muhammad Shoaib Arif , Yasir Nawaz , Kamaleldin Abodayeh

This paper demonstrates a computational process in simulating the unsteady radiative mixed convective flow of a Carreau-Yasuda nanofluid by a porous material, when subjected to a magnetic field. Fractal time derivatives are used to model an approach that captures the memory-dependent behaviour of complex transport phenomena. A novel three-stage explicit time integration scheme is developed, delivering third-order temporal accuracy tailored to fractal-time partial differential equations. For spatial discretization, a compact sixth-order scheme is used to improve numerical precision in the interior domain. The proposed framework incorporates thermal and solutal buoyancy effects, nonlinear rheology, Brownian motion, thermophoresis, and contributions from a heat source. It also accounts for the influence of oscillatory boundary conditions and Darcy-Forchheimer drag within porous structures. Rigorous stability and convergence analyses confirm the robustness of the scheme. Quantitative comparisons reveal that at a time step of

Δ t = \frac{0.1}{2250}

, the proposed scheme achieves an

L_{2}

error of

6.72 \times 10^{- 5}

and consumes approximately 97.62 s, while the second-order scheme reaches an error of

1.06 \times 10^{- 4}

with a runtime of 173.82 s under the same compact discretization, highlighting both its efficiency and stability. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the method outperforms existing first- and second-order schemes in both accuracy and computational efficiency. Furthermore, a velocity reduction of over

30 %

observed when increasing the power-law index from 0.6 to 1.2, highlighting enhanced shear-thinning behaviour. The proposed methodology not only ensures numerical stability under fine discretization but also demonstrates robustness in capturing complex flow behaviour in porous, radiatively influenced environments. This fractal-based computational framework offers a valuable tool for simulating non-Newtonian nanofluid systems in emerging thermal technologies. Fractal time derivatives effectively capture memory-dependent, scale-invariant transport phenomena, offering computational advantages and localised accuracy over traditional fractional operators.

本文给出了用多孔材料模拟carau - yasuda纳米流体在磁场作用下的非定常辐射混合对流的计算过程。分形时间导数用于模拟捕获复杂传输现象的记忆依赖行为的方法。开发了一种新的三阶段显式时间积分方案，提供适合分形时间偏微分方程的三阶时间精度。在空间离散化方面，采用紧凑的六阶格式提高了内域的数值精度。提出的框架包括热和溶质浮力效应、非线性流变、布朗运动、热泳动和热源的贡献。它还解释了多孔结构内振荡边界条件和达西-福希海默阻力的影响。严格的稳定性和收敛性分析证实了该方案的鲁棒性。定量比较表明，在时间步长Δt=0.12250时，该方案的L2误差为6.72×10−5，运行时间约为97.62 s，而在同样紧凑的离散化下，二阶方案的L2误差为1.06×10−4，运行时间为173.82 s，突出了其效率和稳定性。数值实验表明，该方法在精度和计算效率上都优于现有的一阶和二阶格式。此外，当幂律指数从0.6增加到1.2时，观察到速度降低超过30%，突出了增强的剪切变薄行为。所提出的方法不仅保证了精细离散下的数值稳定性，而且在捕获多孔、辐射影响环境中的复杂流动行为方面表现出鲁棒性。这种基于分形的计算框架为新兴热技术中模拟非牛顿纳米流体系统提供了一个有价值的工具。分形时间导数有效地捕获了依赖于内存的、尺度不变的传输现象，与传统的分数运算符相比，具有计算优势和局部精度。

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引用次数: 0

Activity concentration levels of natural radionuclides in soils of Anambra State, South-east Nigeria 尼日利亚东南部阿南布拉州土壤中天然放射性核素的活动浓度水平

IF 1.4 Q2 Physics and Astronomy

Physics Open

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100361

Charles C. Ajaero , Christian N. Madu , Chukwuebuka C. Okafor , Valentine E. Nnadi , Festus A. Otunomo

Much focus has not been paid to mapping of radionuclides in sedimentary formation in Nigeria. Thus, the relevance of this study which measured (mapped) the activity levels of radionuclides in the soils of Anambra State, Nigeria. Anambra State underlain by a younger sedimentary formation was chosen, as radionuclides levels in soils of older, consolidated sedimentary rocks and Basement complex rocks in Nigeria have been studied. The study measured radionuclides in soils of a predominantly sedimentary geologic formations much under-studied in Nigeria, and assessed how seasonal changes influences natural radionuclides levels in soil. The study was conducted for the dry and wet seasons of 2022. The study area, Anambra, was stratified into two geological formations, and twenty sampling points used. The major study objective is to determine the activity level of the radionuclides (U-238, Th-232, K-40, Ra-226) in the soil and; determine whether there is variation between the seasons (dry and wet). Our results show that there were variations in the levels of radionuclides (U-238, Th-232, K-40, Ra-226) between the dry and wet seasons based on the geologic formation. The levels of the radionuclides are generally higher in dry season than the wet season (U-238, Th-232, K-40, Ra-226). This was attributed to lack of moisture, which dampens gamma radiation. The study also showed that the levels of U-238 and Th-232 were significantly higher than their respective UNSCEAR (2000) population weighted averages in Ayamelum (Imo Shale), while they were significantly lower in the other locations- Orumba North (Imo Shale), Anambra East and Aguata (Nanka Shale). The levels of Ra-226 levels were significantly higher than UNSCEAR (2000) population weighted averages in all the locations. However, the levels of K-40 in all the locations were significantly lower than the population weighted averages. The study results also showed that statistically, the levels of U-238, Th-232 and Ra-226 in the soils varied between the two seasons (wet and dry). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the level of K-40 between the two seasons. The result finding therefore implies that season influences the levels of U-238, Th-232 and Ra-226 in the soils. Environmental factors may also be influencing the significant variations in radionuclides levels (U-238 and Th-232) in soils at different locations of the study area underlain by the same geologic formation.

对尼日利亚沉积地层中的放射性核素作图没有给予太多的关注。因此，这项研究测量（绘制）了尼日利亚阿南布拉州土壤中放射性核素的活动水平。之所以选择位于较年轻沉积地层之下的阿南布拉州，是因为研究了尼日利亚较老的固结沉积岩和基底复杂岩石土壤中的放射性核素水平。该研究测量了尼日利亚主要沉积地质构造土壤中的放射性核素，并评估了季节变化如何影响土壤中的天然放射性核素水平。这项研究是在2022年旱季和雨季进行的。研究区阿南布拉（Anambra）被划分为两个地质构造，使用了20个采样点。主要的研究目标是确定土壤中放射性核素（U-238、Th-232、K-40、Ra-226）的活动水平；确定季节（干季和湿季）之间是否有变化。结果表明，根据地质构造，旱季和雨季放射性核素（U-238、Th-232、K-40、Ra-226）水平存在差异。旱季的放射性核素含量通常高于雨季（U-238、Th-232、K-40、Ra-226）。这是由于缺乏水分，而水分会抑制伽马射线。该研究还表明，在Ayamelum （Imo页岩），U-238和Th-232的水平明显高于各自的UNSCEAR（2000）人口加权平均值，而在其他地点- Orumba North （Imo页岩），Anambra East和Aguata （Nanka页岩），U-238和Th-232的水平明显较低。所有地点的Ra-226水平明显高于联合国科委会（2000年）人口加权平均水平。但各地点的K-40水平均显著低于种群加权平均值。研究结果还表明，在统计上，土壤中U-238、Th-232和Ra-226的含量在两个季节（湿季和旱季）之间存在差异。但两季间K-40含量差异无统计学意义。结果表明，季节影响土壤中U-238、Th-232和Ra-226的含量。环境因素也可能影响同一地质构造下研究区不同地点土壤中放射性核素（U-238和Th-232）水平的显著差异。

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引用次数: 0

Machine learning Calabi–Yau three-folds, four-folds, and five-folds 机器学习Calabi-Yau三倍，四倍，五倍

IF 1.4 Q2 Physics and Astronomy

Physics Open

Pub Date : 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100360

Kaniba Mady Keita , Younouss Hamèye Dicko

In this manuscript, we demonstrate, using several regression techniques, that the remaining independent Hodge numbers of complete intersection Calabi–Yau four-folds and five-folds can be machine learned from

h^{1, 1}

and

h^{2, 1}

. Consequently, we combine the Hodge numbers

h^{1, 1}

and

h^{2, 1}

from the complete intersection Calabi-Yau three-folds, four-folds, and five-folds into a single dataset. We then implement various classification algorithms on this dataset. For example, Gaussian process and naive Bayes classifiers both achieve 100% accuracy in binary classification between three-folds and four-folds. Using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm, a special corner is identified in the Calabi–Yau four-fold landscape (characterized by

15 \leq h^{1, 1} \leq 30

and

95 \leq h^{2, 1} \leq 100

) during multiclass classification. Furthermore, the highest accuracy 1.00000, in classifying Calabi–Yau three-folds, four-folds, and five-folds is obtained using the naive Bayes classifier.

在本文中，我们使用几种回归技术证明，完全相交Calabi-Yau四倍和五倍的剩余独立Hodge数可以从h1,1和h2,1机器学习。因此，我们将来自Calabi-Yau的完整交集的三倍、四倍和五倍的Hodge数h1,1和h2,1合并为一个单一的数据集。然后我们在这个数据集上实现各种分类算法。例如，高斯过程和朴素贝叶斯分类器在三倍和四倍之间的二元分类中都达到了100%的准确率。利用支持向量机（SVM）算法，在Calabi-Yau四重景观（特征为15≤h1,1≤30和95≤h2,1≤100）进行多类分类时，识别出一个特殊的角点。此外，使用朴素贝叶斯分类器对Calabi-Yau进行三倍、四倍和五倍分类的准确率最高，达到100万。

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引用次数: 0

Numerical treatment of Benjamin–Bona–Mahony–Burgers equation via integration of compact finite difference method with SSP-RK 利用紧致有限差分法与SSP-RK的积分对Benjamin-Bona-Mahony-Burgers方程进行数值处理

IF 1.4 Q2 Physics and Astronomy

Physics Open

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100355

Ravneet Kaur , Geeta Arora , Homan Emadifar

In this work, a sixth-order compact finite difference method (CFDM6) is investigated to obtain the numerical solution of Benjamin–Bona–Mahony–Burgers equation (BBMBE). The compact finite-difference technique is used to approximate spatial derivatives at internal points and at the additional nodes. The time derivative is analyzed by a strong stability-preserving Runge–Kutta method of four stages and third order. The stability analysis of the proposed method is conducted to validate its stability. To validate the effectiveness and precision of the proposed method, the error norms

L_{2}

and

L_{\infty}

are calculated for different illustrations. The analytical and numerical solutions from the literature are compared and presented in tables and graphs. The comparison shows that the computed values, are in good agreement, with the exact solution. This justifies the proficiency, precision, and computational implementation of the proposed method.

本文研究了一种六阶紧致有限差分法（CFDM6）来获得Benjamin-Bona-Mahony-Burgers方程（BBMBE）的数值解。利用紧致有限差分技术逼近内部点和附加节点的空间导数。采用四阶三阶强保稳龙格-库塔方法对时间导数进行了分析。对该方法进行了稳定性分析，验证了其稳定性。为了验证所提方法的有效性和精度，计算了不同实例的误差范数L2和L∞。对文献中的解析解和数值解进行了比较，并以表格和图表的形式呈现出来。结果表明，计算值与精确解吻合较好。这证明了所提出方法的熟练度、精度和计算实现。

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引用次数: 0

Structural, morphological, thermodynamic, and magnetic properties of Sm2Ni2O5: influence of co-precipitation vs sol-gel synthesis Sm2Ni2O5的结构、形态、热力学和磁性能：共沉淀法对溶胶-凝胶合成的影响

IF 1.4 Q2 Physics and Astronomy

Physics Open

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100358

Khethiwe Cele , Sibusiso Nqayi , Reddy Leelakrishna , Buyisiwe Sondezi

Crystalline Sm₂Ni₂O₅ nanoparticles (SNONPs) were synthesized via Co-precipitation and Sol-gel methods to examine how synthesis influences structural, morphological, thermodynamic, and magnetic properties. XRD confirmed both samples crystallized into an orthorhombic Ima2 structure after annealing at 800 °C for 6 h. SEM showed compact, smooth particles for Co-precipitated samples and brittle, fragmented ones for Sol-gel samples. EDS verified all expected elements with slight oxygen variation. Specific heat (0–300 K, 0.5 T) revealed distinct phase transitions: a 6 K anomaly indicating spin freezing in the Sm³⁺–O–Sm³⁺ framework; antiferromagnetic (AFM) ordering at T_N = 9 K from Ni²⁺–O–Ni²⁺ interactions; and a ferromagnetic (FM) transition at T_C = 43.6 K associated with Ni²⁺–O–Ni³⁺ sublattices. Above T_C, a paramagnetic (PM) phase emerged. The synthesis methods significantly affect crystallinity, governing magnetic and thermodynamic activities emphasizing SNONPs promise for spintronic and low-temperature magnetic applications.

采用共沉淀法和溶胶-凝胶法合成了结晶Sm2Ni2O5纳米粒子（SNONPs），研究了合成对Sm2Ni2O5结构、形态、热力学和磁性能的影响。XRD证实，在800℃下退火6 h后，两种样品均结晶成正交Ima2结构。SEM显示，co -析出样品的颗粒致密、光滑，而溶胶-凝胶样品的颗粒脆性、破碎。EDS验证了所有期望元素，氧含量有轻微变化。比热（0-300 K, 0.5 T）显示出明显的相变：6 K异常表明Sm3+ -O-Sm3 +框架中自旋冻结；Ni2+ -O-Ni2 +相互作用在TN = 9 K下的反铁磁（AFM）排序；以及在TC = 43.6 K下与Ni2+ -O-Ni3 +亚晶格相关的铁磁（FM）跃迁。在TC上方，出现顺磁（PM）相。合成方法显著影响SNONPs的结晶度、控制磁性和热力学活动，强调SNONPs在自旋电子和低温磁性应用方面的前景。

{"title":"Structural, morphological, thermodynamic, and magnetic properties of Sm2Ni2O5: influence of co-precipitation vs sol-gel synthesis","authors":"Khethiwe Cele , Sibusiso Nqayi , Reddy Leelakrishna , Buyisiwe Sondezi","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crystalline Sm<sub>2</sub>Ni<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> nanoparticles (SNONPs) were synthesized via Co-precipitation and Sol-gel methods to examine how synthesis influences structural, morphological, thermodynamic, and magnetic properties. XRD confirmed both samples crystallized into an orthorhombic <em>Ima</em>2 structure after annealing at 800 °C for 6 h. SEM showed compact, smooth particles for Co-precipitated samples and brittle, fragmented ones for Sol-gel samples. EDS verified all expected elements with slight oxygen variation. Specific heat (0–300 K, 0.5 T) revealed distinct phase transitions: a 6 K anomaly indicating spin freezing in the Sm<sup>3+</sup>–O–Sm<sup>3+</sup> framework; antiferromagnetic (AFM) ordering at T<sub>N</sub> = 9 K from Ni<sup>2+</sup>–O–Ni<sup>2+</sup> interactions; and a ferromagnetic (FM) transition at T<sub>C</sub> = 43.6 K associated with Ni<sup>2+</sup>–O–Ni<sup>3+</sup> sublattices. Above T<sub>C</sub>, a paramagnetic (PM) phase emerged. The synthesis methods significantly affect crystallinity, governing magnetic and thermodynamic activities emphasizing SNONPs promise for spintronic and low-temperature magnetic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 100358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Different phase matching schemes of terahertz wave generation using periodic poled lithium niobate for real-world applications 利用周期性极化铌酸锂产生太赫兹波的不同相位匹配方案在现实世界中的应用

IF 1.4 Q2 Physics and Astronomy

Physics Open

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100357

Ugrasen Singh , Abhinav Kumar , Prashant Povel Dwivedi , Ajay Mishra , Nimish Dixit

Terahertz (THz) wave generation through periodic poled lithium niobate (PPLN) has gained significant attention due to its potential applications in spectroscopy, imaging, communication, and security screening. Among various nonlinear optical materials, lithium niobate (LiNbO₃) has emerged as a promising medium for efficient THz generation due to strong nonlinear optical properties and wide transparency range. However, achieving efficient energy conversion requires effective phase matching to overcome phase velocity mismatch between the pump and the generated THz waves. Several phase-matching schemes have been explored to optimize THz generation. This review comprehensively discusses these schemes, analyzing their theoretical principles, experimental implementations, and practical applications. A comparative analyze is also provided to highlight the advantages and limitations of each approach. The presented literature aims to guide researchers in selecting appropriate phase-matching configurations for THz generation.

通过周期性极化铌酸锂（PPLN）产生太赫兹（THz）波，由于其在光谱、成像、通信和安全筛查方面的潜在应用而受到了极大的关注。在各种非线性光学材料中，铌酸锂（LiNbO3）由于其较强的非线性光学性质和较宽的透明度范围而成为一种有前途的高效太赫兹产生介质。然而，实现高效的能量转换需要有效的相位匹配来克服泵浦与产生的太赫兹波之间的相速度不匹配。研究了几种相位匹配方案来优化太赫兹的产生。本文全面讨论了这些方案，分析了它们的理论原理、实验实现和实际应用。还提供了比较分析，以突出每种方法的优点和局限性。本文旨在指导研究人员为太赫兹产生选择合适的相位匹配配置。

引用次数: 0

Chemical shifts in the Kα1,2 and Kβ1,3 X-ray emission spectra for halogen compounds of elements with atomic numbers ranging from 22 to 29 were measured using a wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer 用波长色散x射线荧光光谱仪测量了原子序数为22 ~ 29的元素的卤素化合物的k α1,2和k β1,3的x射线发射光谱的化学位移

IF 1.4 Q2 Physics and Astronomy

Physics Open

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100316

E. Boydaş

This study aimed to investigate the chemical shifts and full widths at half maximum (FWHM) of the Kα_1,2 and Kβ₁,₃ X-ray emission lines in selected halogen compounds of elements with atomic numbers ranging from 22 to 29. A Wavelength-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometer was employed for this analysis. The FWHM differences (ΔFWHM) of these emission lines were calculated by using the corresponding metallic element as a reference. The data revealed a clear pattern, showing larger chemical shifts for fluorine-containing compounds compared to chlorine-containing ones. In addition, the Kβ_1,3 lines generally show larger chemical shifts and wider full widths at half maximum (FWHM) compared to the Kα lines. The chemical shift also tends to increase as the number of coordinating ligand atoms rises.

本研究旨在研究选定的原子序数为22 ~ 29的元素的卤化物中k α1,2和k β1,3 x射线发射谱线的化学位移和半峰全宽度。采用波长色散x射线荧光（WDXRF）光谱仪进行分析。以相应的金属元素为参考，计算了这些发射线的FWHM差（ΔFWHM）。数据显示出一种清晰的模式，即含氟化合物的化学变化比含氯化合物大。此外，与Kα谱线相比，k β1,3谱线普遍表现出更大的化学位移和更宽的半峰全宽。随着配位体原子数量的增加，化学位移也趋于增加。

引用次数: 0

A physics-informed neural network framework for modeling rogue and breather solutions in conformable fractional nonlinear wave systems 符合分数阶非线性波动系统中流氓解和呼吸解建模的物理信息神经网络框架

IF 1.4 Q2 Physics and Astronomy

Physics Open

Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100356

Md. Towhiduzzaman , Md. Abdul Al Mohit , A.Z.M. Asaduzzaman

This study presents a robust and generalized Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) framework for solving a class of conformable fractional nonlinear wave equations (CFNWEs). These equations are widely used in modeling complex wave dynamics in physical systems exhibiting memory and hereditary effects. By embedding the conformable fractional operator directly into the neural network architecture, the proposed model accurately captures localized nonlinear structures, including rogue waves and breather-type solutions. The framework employs a composite loss function integrating initial, boundary, and PDE residual constraints, optimized through a hybrid training strategy combining Adam and L-BFGS optimizers. Extensive numerical experiments validate the accuracy, physical consistency, and reproducibility of the proposed approach, demonstrating close agreement with analytical solutions. Moreover, the model exhibits robust performance under sparse and noisy data conditions, highlighting its potential for broad applications in wave dynamics, viscoelastic media, and nonlinear signal forecasting.

本文提出了一个鲁棒的广义物理信息神经网络（PINN）框架，用于求解一类可调分数阶非线性波动方程（CFNWEs）。这些方程被广泛用于模拟具有记忆和遗传效应的物理系统中的复杂波动动力学。通过将符合分数算子直接嵌入到神经网络结构中，该模型可以准确捕获局部非线性结构，包括异常波和呼吸型解。该框架采用了一个综合了初始、边界和PDE残差约束的复合损失函数，并通过结合Adam和L-BFGS优化器的混合训练策略进行了优化。大量的数值实验验证了所提出方法的准确性、物理一致性和可重复性，证明了与解析解的密切一致。此外，该模型在稀疏和噪声数据条件下表现出鲁棒性，突出了其在波动动力学、粘弹性介质和非线性信号预测方面的广泛应用潜力。

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