Pub Date : 2025-09-04DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100319
Mohammed Muhi Ali , Salih Abbas Habeeb , Mohammed Hamza Al-Maamori
This study investigates the effect of hybrid ferromagnetic (Fe2O3) and antiferromagnetic (NiO) nanoparticles on the structural, thermal, magnetic and mechanical properties of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber composites. Composites with varying Fe2O3:NiO weight ratios (1:0.25, 1:1.1, 1:1.5) were synthesized and characterized using techniques such as FTIR, XRD, SEM, AFM, DSC-TGA and VSM. The results revealed that the addition of NiO nanoparticles improved the curing rate, crosslink density, tensile strength and thermal conductivity, with optimal performance observed at 1:1.1 wt% Fe2O3:NiO. Magnetic field-assisted vulcanization promoted nanoparticle alignment, leading to enhanced anisotropy and dispersion, which significantly improved the magneto-mechanical performance of the composites. FTIR and XRD confirmed physical interaction without chemical bonding between the fillers and the rubber matrix. The composite containing 1:1.5 wt% Fe2O3:NiO demonstrated the highest magnetic response, indicating potential use in magnetorheological elastomer applications.
{"title":"Enhanced thermo-magnetic and mechanical performance of EPDM composites reinforced with Fe2O3:NiO nanoparticles under magnetic field-assisted vulcanization","authors":"Mohammed Muhi Ali , Salih Abbas Habeeb , Mohammed Hamza Al-Maamori","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effect of hybrid ferromagnetic (Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) and antiferromagnetic (NiO) nanoparticles on the structural, thermal, magnetic and mechanical properties of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber composites. Composites with varying Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>:NiO weight ratios (1:0.25, 1:1.1, 1:1.5) were synthesized and characterized using techniques such as FTIR, XRD, SEM, AFM, DSC-TGA and VSM. The results revealed that the addition of NiO nanoparticles improved the curing rate, crosslink density, tensile strength and thermal conductivity, with optimal performance observed at 1:1.1 wt% Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>:NiO. Magnetic field-assisted vulcanization promoted nanoparticle alignment, leading to enhanced anisotropy and dispersion, which significantly improved the magneto-mechanical performance of the composites. FTIR and XRD confirmed physical interaction without chemical bonding between the fillers and the rubber matrix. The composite containing 1:1.5 wt% Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>:NiO demonstrated the highest magnetic response, indicating potential use in magnetorheological elastomer applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100319"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-03DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100318
S.M. Junaid Zaidi , M. Ijaz Khan , Sana Ullah Sahar , Hammad Khalid , Laviza Fatima , Khaled Fahmi Fawy , M. Umer Farooq , Naeem Ullah
This work is presented to evaluate the fundamental material features of cubic actinium gallium oxide (AcGaO3) by applying stress at 0, 25, 50, and 100 GPa. The compound is subjected to the computationally generalized gradient approximations (GGA) with Perdew Burke Ernzerhof (PBE) exchange. When stress is applied, the bandgap decreases from 3.023 to 1.647 eV. The partial densities of states (PDOS) for oxygen (O), gallium (Ga), and actinium (Ac) are calculated. The oxygen p-states are responsible for the dominant peaks for AcGaO3 at 0, 25, 50, and 100 GPa in the valence band range. The dielectric function ε(ω), loss function L(ω), reflectivity R(ω), absorption I(ω), optical conductivity σ(ω), and refractive index n(ω) are some of the significant changes in optical characteristics that are observed with varying stress range from 0 to 100 GPa. When stress is applied between 0 and 100 GPa, the lattice constant values (3.6554 Å to 3.3464 Å) are predicted computationally using energy deformation equations. Several different mechanical features appear to change when stress increases, including the bulk modulus (181.3335–581.8504), shear modulus (140.3777–311.5196), and Young's modulus (334.7514–793.0307). Pugh, Poisson, and Frantsevich mechanical ratios showed that overall brittle behavior occurs between 20 and 100 GPa. Our estimated findings about (AcGaO3) show the anisotropic character. Furthermore, our anticipated results showed that the chosen material is suitable for use as scintillation material, sophisticated UV and X-ray detectors, space-grade sensors, spintronics, and generation photonics because of its high refractive index, absorption, reflectivity, and conductivity.
{"title":"First-principles study of the electrical, optical, elastic, and mechanical properties of actinium gallium oxide AcGaO3 under varying stress conditions","authors":"S.M. Junaid Zaidi , M. Ijaz Khan , Sana Ullah Sahar , Hammad Khalid , Laviza Fatima , Khaled Fahmi Fawy , M. Umer Farooq , Naeem Ullah","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work is presented to evaluate the fundamental material features of cubic actinium gallium oxide (AcGaO<sub>3</sub>) by applying stress at 0, 25, 50, and 100 GPa. The compound is subjected to the computationally generalized gradient approximations (GGA) with Perdew Burke Ernzerhof (PBE) exchange. When stress is applied, the bandgap decreases from 3.023 to 1.647 eV. The partial densities of states (PDOS) for oxygen (O), gallium (Ga), and actinium (Ac) are calculated. The oxygen p-states are responsible for the dominant peaks for AcGaO<sub>3</sub> at 0, 25, 50, and 100 GPa in the valence band range. The dielectric function <em>ε</em>(ω), loss function L(ω), reflectivity R(ω), absorption I(ω), optical conductivity σ(ω), and refractive index n(ω) are some of the significant changes in optical characteristics that are observed with varying stress range from 0 to 100 GPa. When stress is applied between 0 and 100 GPa, the lattice constant values (3.6554 Å to 3.3464 Å) are predicted computationally using energy deformation equations. Several different mechanical features appear to change when stress increases, including the bulk modulus (181.3335–581.8504), shear modulus (140.3777–311.5196), and Young's modulus (334.7514–793.0307). Pugh, Poisson, and Frantsevich mechanical ratios showed that overall brittle behavior occurs between 20 and 100 GPa. Our estimated findings about (AcGaO<sub>3</sub>) show the anisotropic character. Furthermore, our anticipated results showed that the chosen material is suitable for use as scintillation material, sophisticated UV and X-ray detectors, space-grade sensors, spintronics, and generation photonics because of its high refractive index, absorption, reflectivity, and conductivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100318"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-02DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100320
Zoha Afzal , Sajid Butt , Nimra Naeem , Muhammad Irfan , Muhammad Rizwan , Muhammad Usman , Farhan Mudasar
Using density functional theory, we explore the pressure-induced transformation of LaScO3 perovskite highlighting its potential for optoelectronic and thermoelectric applications. Our calculations reveal a stable cubic structure that undergoes a widening and transition of bandgap from an indirect to a direct with increasing pressure. Optical properties like conductivity, refractive index, absorption and dielectric function are calculated at various pressures ranging from 0 GPa to 12 GPa with a step size of 4 GPa. Thermoelectric performance was assessed at 300–1300 K using BoltzTraP code. A peak power factor of 2.22 × 107 W/m·K2 was observed at 4 GPa while the figure of merit attained a maximum value of 0.75 at 12 GPa. This study demonstrates that LaScO3 under pressures exhibits remarkable thermoelectric properties making it a prime candidate for highly efficient energy conversion devices.
{"title":"Computational insights into the optoelectronic and thermoelectric properties of cubic LaScO3 under pressure-induced bandgap transition","authors":"Zoha Afzal , Sajid Butt , Nimra Naeem , Muhammad Irfan , Muhammad Rizwan , Muhammad Usman , Farhan Mudasar","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using density functional theory, we explore the pressure-induced transformation of LaScO<sub>3</sub> perovskite highlighting its potential for optoelectronic and thermoelectric applications. Our calculations reveal a stable cubic structure that undergoes a widening and transition of bandgap from an indirect to a direct with increasing pressure. Optical properties like conductivity, refractive index, absorption and dielectric function are calculated at various pressures ranging from 0 GPa to 12 GPa with a step size of 4 GPa. Thermoelectric performance was assessed at 300–1300 K using BoltzTraP code. A peak power factor of 2.22 × 10<sup>7</sup> W/m·K<sup>2</sup> was observed at 4 GPa while the figure of merit attained a maximum value of 0.75 at 12 GPa. This study demonstrates that LaScO<sub>3</sub> under pressures exhibits remarkable thermoelectric properties making it a prime candidate for highly efficient energy conversion devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100320"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100315
Haidar Ali , Ali B.M. Ali , Didar Abdulkhaleq Ali , Ayesha Umer , M. Ijaz Khan , Saima Mushtaq , Rasan Sarbast Faisal
The rapid growth of graph theory has sparked interest among analysts, driven by its diverse applications in mathematical chemistry. Closed-form solutions enable rapid property prediction without expensive simulations. This study delves into the second type of dominating David-derived network, which play a vital role in pharmaceutical development, hardware engineering, and system administration. We examine the topological features of the network, calculating distance-based indices like eccentricity measures and the eccentricity based Zagreb indices. Our findings offer novel perspectives on the structural attributes of dominating David-derived network, highlighting their potential impact across various disciplines.
{"title":"Topological analysis of eccentricity-based invariants for second type of dominating David-derived network","authors":"Haidar Ali , Ali B.M. Ali , Didar Abdulkhaleq Ali , Ayesha Umer , M. Ijaz Khan , Saima Mushtaq , Rasan Sarbast Faisal","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid growth of graph theory has sparked interest among analysts, driven by its diverse applications in mathematical chemistry. Closed-form solutions enable rapid property prediction without expensive simulations. This study delves into the second type of dominating David-derived network, which play a vital role in pharmaceutical development, hardware engineering, and system administration. We examine the topological features of the network, calculating distance-based indices like eccentricity measures and the eccentricity based Zagreb indices. Our findings offer novel perspectives on the structural attributes of dominating David-derived network, highlighting their potential impact across various disciplines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100315"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-28DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100312
Yuan-Sheng Wang
In theoretical mechanics and engineering, the problem of constrained object motion is frequently encountered, where track geometries inherently restrict the trajectories of moving bodies. In real-world scenarios, friction introduces additional complexity, rendering the forces acting on objects and their motion along tracks more intricate and thus requiring in-depth analysis. This study examines the constrained motion of a bead on a large circular hoop situated in a vertical plane, subject to gravitational and elastic forces. Using Newton’s second law in the natural coordinate system, we derived the governing equations for the bead’s motion on the hoop and solved them numerically. Results show that the amplitude of the bead’s oscillations increases with higher initial angular velocities. Additionally, an increase in the spring stiffness coefficient causes the elastic force to gradually overcome gravity, altering the system’s stable equilibrium point. The friction coefficient significantly influences both the number of rotations and the oscillatory dynamics of the bead. When non-zero frictional forces are present, the system exhibits stable focal points and unstable saddle points, with the bead demonstrating a higher likelihood of settling at the stable focal points. This research provides valuable insights for physics education and engineering applications involving constrained mechanical systems.
{"title":"Track constraint of a bead on a large circular hoop under the influence of gravity and elasticity","authors":"Yuan-Sheng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In theoretical mechanics and engineering, the problem of constrained object motion is frequently encountered, where track geometries inherently restrict the trajectories of moving bodies. In real-world scenarios, friction introduces additional complexity, rendering the forces acting on objects and their motion along tracks more intricate and thus requiring in-depth analysis. This study examines the constrained motion of a bead on a large circular hoop situated in a vertical plane, subject to gravitational and elastic forces. Using Newton’s second law in the natural coordinate system, we derived the governing equations for the bead’s motion on the hoop and solved them numerically. Results show that the amplitude of the bead’s oscillations increases with higher initial angular velocities. Additionally, an increase in the spring stiffness coefficient causes the elastic force to gradually overcome gravity, altering the system’s stable equilibrium point. The friction coefficient significantly influences both the number of rotations and the oscillatory dynamics of the bead. When non-zero frictional forces are present, the system exhibits stable focal points and unstable saddle points, with the bead demonstrating a higher likelihood of settling at the stable focal points. This research provides valuable insights for physics education and engineering applications involving constrained mechanical systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100312"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144913015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We investigate in the present paper, cosmological dynamical system describing matter evolution era under modified teleparallel theory of gravity. After reconstructing general cosmological dynamical system depending on the parameter which is function of the Hubble parameter, we explore three different cases of matter dominated era. First, we start with an antaz asymptotic value characterizing matter domination era. Secondly, the present work reveals two other new asymptotic values of the parameter , namely and corresponding to stiff matter evolution era at early time and dust matter evolution era at late time, respectively. This approach is based on Zel’dovich proposal according to what universe may be filled by stiff matter after inflation and before the radiation epoch. Under analytical and numerical analysis of the reconstructed autonomous dynamical system, the obtained stable fixed point of each evolution era, through its coordinates, leads to corresponding to phantom-like evolution with dark energy as candidate. This result confirms those existing in literature and suitably cited in this work. Furthermore, matter evolution era can be reached when the dynamical system is rendered non-autonomous. Our approach permits to challenge the reconstruction of models describing dark energy when scalar factor of stiff and dust matter is applied.
{"title":"Dynamical Systems describing matter dominating era in Modified Tele-Parallel Gravity","authors":"R.C. Tefo , K.P. Mathos , M.G. Ganiou , F. Mavoa , M.J.S. Houndjo","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate in the present paper, cosmological dynamical system describing matter evolution era under modified teleparallel theory of gravity. After reconstructing general cosmological dynamical system depending on the parameter <span><math><mi>m</mi></math></span> which is function of the Hubble parameter, we explore three different cases of matter dominated era. First, we start with an antaz asymptotic value <span><math><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>9</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math></span> characterizing matter domination era. Secondly, the present work reveals two other new asymptotic values of the parameter <span><math><mi>m</mi></math></span>, namely <span><math><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math></span> corresponding to stiff matter evolution era at early time and dust matter evolution era at late time, respectively. This approach is based on Zel’dovich proposal according to what universe may be filled by stiff matter after inflation and before the radiation epoch. Under analytical and numerical analysis of the reconstructed autonomous dynamical system, the obtained stable fixed point of each evolution era, through its coordinates, leads to <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>ω</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>e</mi><mi>f</mi><mi>f</mi></mrow></msub><mo><</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span> corresponding to phantom-like evolution with dark energy as candidate. This result confirms those existing in literature and suitably cited in this work. Furthermore, matter evolution era can be reached when the dynamical system is rendered non-autonomous. Our approach permits to challenge the reconstruction of <span><math><mrow><mi>f</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>T</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span> models describing dark energy when scalar factor of stiff and dust matter is applied.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100294"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145026692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-22DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100317
G.A. Alna'washi , O. Abu-Haija , S.M. Hamasha
This paper presents comprehensive calculations of resonance energies for photoabsorption and photoionization of Ne-like Mg2+, Al3+ and Si4+ ions. We report ionization threshold limits, resonance energies, wavelengths, transition rates, and oscillator strengths for 1s2 2s 2p6 (2S1/2) np (1P1), 1s 2s2 2p6 (2S1/2) np (1P1), 2s2 2p5 (2P) ns, and 2s2 2p5 (2P) nd Rydberg series. All the calculations were performed using the relativistic configuration interaction (RCI) method within the Flexible Atomic Code (FAC). The RCI results show very good agreement with existing theoretical and experimental values reported in literature. Moreover, we present new tabulations of K-shell photoexcitation for Mg2+, Al3+ and Si4+ ions, as well as unreported outer-shell resonance features to highly excited states. This provides an improved description of the photoabsorption spectrum, which are important for high-precision spectral modeling in astrophysical plasmas.
{"title":"Photoionization and photoabsorption study of Ne-like Mg2+, Al3+ and Si4+ ions using the relativistic configuration interaction method","authors":"G.A. Alna'washi , O. Abu-Haija , S.M. Hamasha","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents comprehensive calculations of resonance energies for photoabsorption and photoionization of Ne-like Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Al<sup>3+</sup> and Si<sup>4+</sup> ions. We report ionization threshold limits, resonance energies, wavelengths, transition rates, and oscillator strengths for 1s<sup>2</sup> 2s 2p<sup>6</sup> (<sup>2</sup>S<sub>1/2</sub>) np (<sup>1</sup>P<sub>1</sub>), 1s 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>6</sup> (<sup>2</sup>S<sub>1/2</sub>) np (<sup>1</sup>P<sub>1</sub>), 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>5</sup> (<sup>2</sup>P) ns, and 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>5</sup> (<sup>2</sup>P) nd Rydberg series. All the calculations were performed using the relativistic configuration interaction (RCI) method within the Flexible Atomic Code (FAC). The RCI results show very good agreement with existing theoretical and experimental values reported in literature. Moreover, we present new tabulations of K-shell photoexcitation for Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Al<sup>3+</sup> and Si<sup>4+</sup> ions, as well as unreported outer-shell resonance features to highly excited states. This provides an improved description of the photoabsorption spectrum, which are important for high-precision spectral modeling in astrophysical plasmas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100317"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144902794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-21DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100313
Suleman Muhammad , Seema Mukamil , Iltaf Muhammad , Sang Peng , Kunning Niu , Zan Zhang , Yongsheng Li
The radiation shielding properties of selenium-based lead borate glass systems xSeO2 + (25-x) B2O3 + 75PbO (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6) were investigated using the MCNPx simulation and the Phy-x/PSD program in the energy range of 0.015–15 MeV. The density increased with the substitution of SeO2 contents due to the replacement of B2O3 (69.62 g/mol) by SeO2 (110.96 g/mol) in the host glass, enhancing the glass compactness. In addition, the Se2+ takes up substitute regions in the structure, which lowers the molar volume and contributes to stiffness and stability. The samples' mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) and linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) decreased with increasing energy. As energy increases, more radiation penetrates, leading to a decrease in the MAC and LAC. At 0.1 MeV, the MAC values for the S4 sample, with a density of 5.702 g/cm3, are 4.68552 cm2/g, whereas at 0.5 MeV, they are 0.14928 cm2/g, indicating more attenuation with increasing energy. The HVL ranges from 0.00129 to 2.41029 cm, while the TVL ranges from 0.00429 to 8.00682 cm, respectively. The S1 glass exhibited higher HVL values, whereas the S4 sample showed the lowest HVL values, indicating it is the most effective attenuation glass. The effective atomic number (Zeff) varies randomly with energy, representing different photon-matter interactions in specific energy ranges. The S4 glass exhibits the highest value of Zeff at 15 MeV, ranging from 79.65085 to 52.07709. The results confirm that the investigated glass samples can be a radiation shielding material for X-rays rooms and γ-rays in medicine, cosmology, hospitals, and nuclear physics.
{"title":"Radiation shielding properties of selenium-based lead borate PbO-SeO2-B2O3 glass for X-ray and gamma radiation","authors":"Suleman Muhammad , Seema Mukamil , Iltaf Muhammad , Sang Peng , Kunning Niu , Zan Zhang , Yongsheng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The radiation shielding properties of selenium-based lead borate glass systems <em>x</em>SeO<sub>2</sub> + (25-<em>x</em>) B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> + 75PbO (<em>x</em> = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6) were investigated using the MCNPx simulation and the Phy-x/PSD program in the energy range of 0.015–15 MeV. The density increased with the substitution of SeO<sub>2</sub> contents due to the replacement of B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (69.62 g/mol) by SeO<sub>2</sub> (110.96 g/mol) in the host glass, enhancing the glass compactness. In addition, the Se<sup>2+</sup> takes up substitute regions in the structure, which lowers the molar volume and contributes to stiffness and stability. The samples' mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) and linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) decreased with increasing energy. As energy increases, more radiation penetrates, leading to a decrease in the MAC and LAC. At 0.1 MeV, the MAC values for the S4 sample, with a density of 5.702 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, are 4.68552 cm<sup>2</sup>/g, whereas at 0.5 MeV, they are 0.14928 cm<sup>2</sup>/g, indicating more attenuation with increasing energy. The HVL ranges from 0.00129 to 2.41029 cm, while the TVL ranges from 0.00429 to 8.00682 cm, respectively. The S1 glass exhibited higher HVL values, whereas the S4 sample showed the lowest HVL values, indicating it is the most effective attenuation glass. The effective atomic number (Z<sub><em>eff</em></sub>) varies randomly with energy, representing different photon-matter interactions in specific energy ranges. The S4 glass exhibits the highest value of Z<sub><em>eff</em></sub> at 15 MeV, ranging from 79.65085 to 52.07709. The results confirm that the investigated glass samples can be a radiation shielding material for X-rays rooms and γ-rays in medicine, cosmology, hospitals, and nuclear physics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100313"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144902795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-21DOI: 10.1016/j.physo.2025.100314
Ahmed R. Galaly , Tahani R. Aldhafeeri , Sameh M. Elghnam , Mahmoud A. Hamad
The magnetocaloric effect (MCE) of Ni50Mn35Sn15 is investigated via phenomenological model (PM) at temperatures, ranging from around 5 K–400 K, validating both inversely and conventionally MCEs, corresponding to two magnetic transitions. Magnetic entropy change (ΔSM) is maximized at the antiferromagnetic transition in martensitic state with 14.5 J/kg.K, which is similar to prior work, demonstrating that PM is a good model for studying giant inverse MCE. However, |ΔSM| is maximized with 2.5 J/kg.K at the FM transition in the austenitic state. Consequently, PM is a particularly intriguing model in which both inverse MCE and conventional MCE for a single material at different temperatures can be examined. Ni50Mn35Sn15 is an efficient material for MR technology throughout widely temperature range, particularly ambient temperature and some temperature ranges that are near ambient temperature.
通过现象模型（PM）研究了Ni50Mn35Sn15在5 K - 400 K温度下的磁热效应（MCE），验证了对应于两次磁跃迁的反向和常规MCE。磁熵变化（ΔSM）在马氏体态反铁磁跃迁时达到最大值，为14.5 J/kg。K，这与前人的工作相似，表明PM是研究巨逆MCE的一个很好的模型。然而，|ΔSM|在2.5 J/kg时达到最大值。K在奥氏体态的FM转变。因此，PM是一个特别有趣的模型，其中可以检查不同温度下单一材料的逆MCE和常规MCE。Ni50Mn35Sn15是一种适用于MR技术的高效材料，适用于广泛的温度范围，特别是环境温度和一些接近环境温度的温度范围。
{"title":"The giant and moderate magnetocaloric effect in Ni50Mn35Sn15 for room-temperature refrigeration technology","authors":"Ahmed R. Galaly , Tahani R. Aldhafeeri , Sameh M. Elghnam , Mahmoud A. Hamad","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100314","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The magnetocaloric effect (MCE) of Ni<sub>50</sub>Mn<sub>35</sub>Sn<sub>15</sub> is investigated via phenomenological model (PM) at temperatures, ranging from around 5 K–400 K, validating both inversely and conventionally MCEs, corresponding to two magnetic transitions. Magnetic entropy change (<em>ΔS</em><sub><em>M</em></sub>) is maximized at the antiferromagnetic transition in martensitic state with 14.5 J/kg.K, which is similar to prior work, demonstrating that PM is a good model for studying giant inverse MCE. However, |<em>ΔS</em><sub><em>M</em></sub>| is maximized with 2.5 J/kg.K at the FM transition in the austenitic state. Consequently, PM is a particularly intriguing model in which both inverse MCE and conventional MCE for a single material at different temperatures can be examined. Ni<sub>50</sub>Mn<sub>35</sub>Sn<sub>15</sub> is an efficient material for MR technology throughout widely temperature range, particularly ambient temperature and some temperature ranges that are near ambient temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100314"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144908546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We present a novel framework for probing neutron star interiors by combining piecewise polytropic equations of state with mass-radius constraints. Solving the TOV equations across density regimes, we generate mass-radius curves and compare them with NICER and gravitational wave data. Our analysis highlights how different polytropic segments influence neutron star properties, particularly within the range. This approach constrains the pressure-density relation at supranuclear densities and suggests potential exotic matter phases. The results agree and enable more precise interpretation of forthcoming observations, advancing neutron stars as probes of extreme-density physics.
{"title":"Probing neutron star interiors through mass-radius relations and the equation of state using piecewise polytrope","authors":"B. Bringen , D.P. Girma , D.D. Bakwa , E.K. Makama","doi":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100311","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physo.2025.100311","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a novel framework for probing neutron star interiors by combining piecewise polytropic equations of state with mass-radius constraints. Solving the TOV equations across density regimes, we generate mass-radius curves and compare them with NICER and gravitational wave data. Our analysis highlights how different polytropic segments influence neutron star properties, particularly within the <span><math><mrow><mn>1.4</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>3.5</mn><msub><mi>M</mi><mo>⊙</mo></msub></mrow></math></span> range. This approach constrains the pressure-density relation at supranuclear densities and suggests potential exotic matter phases. The results agree and enable more precise interpretation of forthcoming observations, advancing neutron stars as probes of extreme-density physics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36067,"journal":{"name":"Physics Open","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100311"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144917220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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