This article analyses recent developments of digital tech activism within the Italian hacker scene. Being characterized by hacktivism (the combination of hacking and politics), it first boomed in the early 2000s – engaging the anti-globalization movement, protests and counter-summits with projects like Indymedia and Autistici/Inventati. Later, it had a phase of fragmentation and an ‘evolution’, towards what Hassan and Staggenborg define as a ‘social movement community’. In this article, I will analyse what caused this ‘evolution’ and its composition, networks, frames and repertoires of action – to outline political and action perspectives pursued by these virtual ‘communities’. I will focus on those involving users of Mastodon.bida.im, Mastodon.cisti.org and Nebbia.fail independent social media, built by the radical tech collectives Bida (Bologna), Underscore (Turin) and Lab61 (Milan). From a methodological point of view, I will employ a qualitative research method: analysis of specialistic literature, blogs and documents edited by activists, semi-structured qualitative interviews and observant participation.
{"title":"New virtual communities for a renewed digital activism in Italy: A case study of the Bida, Cisti and Nebbia Mastodon instances","authors":"Giuliana Sorci","doi":"10.1386/joacm_00095_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/joacm_00095_1","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses recent developments of digital tech activism within the Italian hacker scene. Being characterized by hacktivism (the combination of hacking and politics), it first boomed in the early 2000s – engaging the anti-globalization movement, protests and counter-summits with projects like Indymedia and Autistici/Inventati. Later, it had a phase of fragmentation and an ‘evolution’, towards what Hassan and Staggenborg define as a ‘social movement community’. In this article, I will analyse what caused this ‘evolution’ and its composition, networks, frames and repertoires of action – to outline political and action perspectives pursued by these virtual ‘communities’. I will focus on those involving users of Mastodon.bida.im, Mastodon.cisti.org and Nebbia.fail independent social media, built by the radical tech collectives Bida (Bologna), Underscore (Turin) and Lab61 (Milan). From a methodological point of view, I will employ a qualitative research method: analysis of specialistic literature, blogs and documents edited by activists, semi-structured qualitative interviews and observant participation.","PeriodicalId":36092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alternative and Community Media","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82521218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction: JOACM Special Issue ‘Community and Activist Media: Resistance and Resurgence’","authors":"Susan Forde, Tanja Dreher, Pieter Maeseele","doi":"10.1386/joacm_00090_2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/joacm_00090_2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alternative and Community Media","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78221196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Review of: Media Cultures in Latin America: Key Concepts and New Debates, A. C. Pertierra and J. F. Salazar (eds) (2020) New York: Routledge, 208 pp., ISBN 978-1-138-35395-4, h/bk, US$112.00 ISBN 978-0-429-42512-7, e-book, US$34.27
{"title":"Media Cultures in Latin America: Key Concepts and New Debates, A. C. Pertierra and J. F. Salazar (eds) (2020)","authors":"J. V. Casanova","doi":"10.1386/JOACM_00086_5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/JOACM_00086_5","url":null,"abstract":"Review of: Media Cultures in Latin America: Key Concepts and New Debates, A. C. Pertierra and J. F. Salazar (eds) (2020)\u0000New York: Routledge, 208 pp.,\u0000ISBN 978-1-138-35395-4, h/bk, US$112.00\u0000ISBN 978-0-429-42512-7, e-book, US$34.27","PeriodicalId":36092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alternative and Community Media","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76267112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article explores the legal, economic and governance challenges to the sustainability of contemporary alternative Community Networks by drawing lessons and parallels from eight historical precedents. Building on academic literature related to alternative and community media, the article lays out an encompassing definition of alternative networks (or ‘alternets’) and develops a multidisciplinary approach to comparative history. After briefly presenting eight case studies (three independent telephone networks of the late nineteenth century; three Free Radios of the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s; two Community Networks providing Internet access in the 1990s), the article then draws from these case studies to identify key recurring challenges that can inform present-day initiatives, namely, the articulation of local community with global connectivity, the development of political advocacy capacities aimed at influencing the law and technology, the creation of appropriate resources aimed at resisting co-optation, and the need to build collective cohesion and mechanisms to handle disagreements.
{"title":"Learning from the history of alternative communication networks","authors":"Félix Tréguer, Dominique Trudel, M. D. Rosnay","doi":"10.1386/joacm_00072_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/joacm_00072_1","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the legal, economic and governance challenges to the sustainability of contemporary alternative Community Networks by drawing lessons and parallels from eight historical precedents. Building on academic literature related to alternative and community media, the\u0000 article lays out an encompassing definition of alternative networks (or ‘alternets’) and develops a multidisciplinary approach to comparative history. After briefly presenting eight case studies (three independent telephone networks of the late nineteenth century; three Free Radios\u0000 of the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s; two Community Networks providing Internet access in the 1990s), the article then draws from these case studies to identify key recurring challenges that can inform present-day initiatives, namely, the articulation of local community with global connectivity,\u0000 the development of political advocacy capacities aimed at influencing the law and technology, the creation of appropriate resources aimed at resisting co-optation, and the need to build collective cohesion and mechanisms to handle disagreements.","PeriodicalId":36092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alternative and Community Media","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90098898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Review of: Community Radio’s Amplification of Communication for Social Change, Juliet Fox (2019)Palgrave Macmillan, 231 pp.,ISBN 978-3-03017-315-9, h/bk, €72.79
{"title":"Community Radio’s Amplification of Communication for Social Change, Juliet Fox (2019)","authors":"Bridget Backhaus","doi":"10.1386/joacm_00078_5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/joacm_00078_5","url":null,"abstract":"Review of: Community Radio’s Amplification of Communication for Social Change, Juliet Fox (2019)Palgrave Macmillan, 231 pp.,ISBN 978-3-03017-315-9, h/bk, €72.79","PeriodicalId":36092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alternative and Community Media","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86492967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article explores alternative media sustainability across a wide range of Greek projects. In this regard, it probes into a number of factors related to both the political economy (funding, organization) of these projects and the nature (real/‘imaginary’, broad reach/niche) of the relationship with their communities/audiences. The findings of the research reveal a dynamic and contradictory field regarding alternative media resilience in terms of the dialectical relationship of idealistic/realistic (on the production, organization level) and puristic/pragmatic (on the communication, reach level) features. The article concludes by highlighting the strategies employed by the most successful projects in terms of sustainability in relation to their positioning along the idealism/realism and purism/pragmatism nexus.
{"title":"The unbearable lightness of being alternative: Idealism‐realism and purism‐pragmatism in Greek alternative media","authors":"Dimitra L. Milioni, P. Vatikiotis","doi":"10.1386/joacm_00077_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/joacm_00077_1","url":null,"abstract":"The article explores alternative media sustainability across a wide range of Greek projects. In this regard, it probes into a number of factors related to both the political economy (funding, organization) of these projects and the nature (real/‘imaginary’, broad reach/niche)\u0000 of the relationship with their communities/audiences. The findings of the research reveal a dynamic and contradictory field regarding alternative media resilience in terms of the dialectical relationship of idealistic/realistic (on the production, organization level) and puristic/pragmatic\u0000 (on the communication, reach level) features. The article concludes by highlighting the strategies employed by the most successful projects in terms of sustainability in relation to their positioning along the idealism/realism and purism/pragmatism nexus.","PeriodicalId":36092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alternative and Community Media","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74739362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Community radio journalism is a cultural resource that offers a voice to local communities and works to democratise media landscapes. Despite its indisputable value, community radio journalism in India faces a unique set of challenges: the foremost being that, officially, it does not exist. According to government policy, community radio stations are prohibited from broadcasting any news and current affairs content. The situation is further complicated by the presence of a development discourse underpinning the entire rationale for the sector. Instead of serving their listeners, community radio stations are beholden to a nebulous development agenda. Under such circumstances, it is unsurprising that community radio journalism in India is relatively unexplored in the literature. This paper aims to address this gap by exploring how community radio practitioners in India source content and work around their restrictions in order to provide their listeners with relevant information and news.
{"title":"News by any other name: community radio journalism in India","authors":"Bridget Backhaus","doi":"10.1386/joacm_00051_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/joacm_00051_1","url":null,"abstract":"Community radio journalism is a cultural resource that offers a voice to local communities and works to democratise media landscapes. Despite its indisputable value, community radio journalism in India faces a unique set of challenges: the foremost being that, officially, it does not\u0000 exist. According to government policy, community radio stations are prohibited from broadcasting any news and current affairs content. The situation is further complicated by the presence of a development discourse underpinning the entire rationale for the sector. Instead of serving their\u0000 listeners, community radio stations are beholden to a nebulous development agenda. Under such circumstances, it is unsurprising that community radio journalism in India is relatively unexplored in the literature. This paper aims to address this gap by exploring how community radio practitioners\u0000 in India source content and work around their restrictions in order to provide their listeners with relevant information and news.","PeriodicalId":36092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alternative and Community Media","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78494584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Segura, Alejandro Linares, A. Espada, Verónica Longo, Ana Laura Hidalgo, N. Traversaro
Since 2004 and for the first time in the history of broadcasting in the region, a dozen Latin American countries have acknowledged community radio and television stations as legal providers of audiovisual communication services. In Argentina, a law passed in 2009 not only awarded legal recognition to the sector, it also provided a promotion mechanism for community media. In this respect, it was one of the most ambitious ones in the region. The driving question is: How relevant are public policies for the sustainability of community media in Argentina? The argument is: even though the sector of community media has developed and persisted for decades in illegal conditions imposed by the state, the legalization and promotion policies carried out by the state from the perspective of human rights in a context of extreme media ownership concentration have been critical to the growth and sustainability of non-profit media.
{"title":"The relevance of public policies for the sustainability of community media: Lessons from Argentina","authors":"M. Segura, Alejandro Linares, A. Espada, Verónica Longo, Ana Laura Hidalgo, N. Traversaro","doi":"10.1386/JOACM_00050_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/JOACM_00050_1","url":null,"abstract":"Since 2004 and for the first time in the history of broadcasting in the region, a dozen Latin American countries have acknowledged community radio and television stations as legal providers of audiovisual communication services. In Argentina, a law passed in 2009 not only awarded legal\u0000 recognition to the sector, it also provided a promotion mechanism for community media. In this respect, it was one of the most ambitious ones in the region. The driving question is: How relevant are public policies for the sustainability of community media in Argentina? The argument is: even\u0000 though the sector of community media has developed and persisted for decades in illegal conditions imposed by the state, the legalization and promotion policies carried out by the state from the perspective of human rights in a context of extreme media ownership concentration have been critical\u0000 to the growth and sustainability of non-profit media.","PeriodicalId":36092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alternative and Community Media","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84372563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Analyses of the interplay between media technologies and social movements have been predominantly media-centric, focusing on practices and orientations towards media. Studies looking into communication and media practices within social movements usually have the single social movement as a unit of analysis, overlooking relations and interactions among social movements. We shift the focus to practices and orientations towards media, and to communicative processes among social movement families. The study pays particular attention to communication related to the production and circulation of knowledge. Through the study of the interrelations among three social movements in Brazil, we propose a typology of knowledge constructed and circulated within and among social movements as related to 1) militancy and insurgency, 2) mobilisation dynamics, and 3) framing awareness.
{"title":"The production of knowledge in Brazilian social movement families","authors":"Paola Sartoretto, Leonardo Custódio","doi":"10.1386/JOACM_00049_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/JOACM_00049_1","url":null,"abstract":"Analyses of the interplay between media technologies and social movements have been predominantly media-centric, focusing on practices and orientations towards media. Studies looking into communication and media practices within social movements usually have the single social movement\u0000 as a unit of analysis, overlooking relations and interactions among social movements. We shift the focus to practices and orientations towards media, and to communicative processes among social movement families. The study pays particular attention to communication related to the production\u0000 and circulation of knowledge. Through the study of the interrelations among three social movements in Brazil, we propose a typology of knowledge constructed and circulated within and among social movements as related to 1) militancy and insurgency, 2) mobilisation dynamics, and 3) framing\u0000 awareness.","PeriodicalId":36092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alternative and Community Media","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78603888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Traditionally outside the mainstream, ethnic minorities have been active in developing their own media outlets throughout the world. Introducing ethnic minorities in the public sphere where social and political issues are articulated and negotiated, and struggles over hegemonic meanings take place these media have become empowering tools to struggle against cultural hegemony, exclusion and discrimination. In this regard, the potential of ethnic minority media as platforms for the expression, discussion and exchange of generally marginalised collectives must be recognised. However, a more thorough analysis of minority media compels us to be prudent, as also in this specific field there are tensions and contradictions arising from the multiple forces that influence media production, which can limit their counterhegemonic potential. This article invites scholars to analyse ethnic minority media in a critical way, highlighting both resistance to hegemonic discourses and the limits imposed by political and economic forces, as complexity is an inherent characteristic of the media field.
{"title":"Ethnic minority media: Between hegemony and resistance","authors":"A. F. Ferrer, J. Retis","doi":"10.1386/JOACM_00054_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/JOACM_00054_1","url":null,"abstract":"Traditionally outside the mainstream, ethnic minorities have been active in developing their own media outlets throughout the world. Introducing ethnic minorities in the public sphere where social and political issues are articulated and negotiated, and struggles over hegemonic meanings\u0000 take place these media have become empowering tools to struggle against cultural hegemony, exclusion and discrimination. In this regard, the potential of ethnic minority media as platforms for the expression, discussion and exchange of generally marginalised collectives must be recognised.\u0000 However, a more thorough analysis of minority media compels us to be prudent, as also in this specific field there are tensions and contradictions arising from the multiple forces that influence media production, which can limit their counterhegemonic potential. This article invites scholars\u0000 to analyse ethnic minority media in a critical way, highlighting both resistance to hegemonic discourses and the limits imposed by political and economic forces, as complexity is an inherent characteristic of the media field.","PeriodicalId":36092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alternative and Community Media","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72560655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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