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Community media, their communities and conflict: A mapping analysis of Israeli community broadcasting groups 社区媒体,他们的社区和冲突:以色列社区广播团体的地图分析
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-06-11 DOI: 10.1386/JOACM_00045_1
Hillel Nossek, N. Carpentier
Community media organisations are famously difficult to define, as this media field is highly elusive and diverse, even if there is a certain degree of consensus about a series of basic characteristics. One key defining component is the objective to serve its community by allowing its members to participate in self-representational processes. Yet this component raises questions about what community means, and how the community that is being served relates to other parts of society. This article studies a particular social reality Israel where community television is the dominant model, community television production groups are separated from the actual distribution of the produced content and different configurations of us and them characterise political reality. Following the methodological procedures outlined in Voniati et al. (2018), a mapping of 83 Israeli community broadcasting groups was organised, allowing us to flesh out the different ways in which these community broadcasting groups deal with their community/ies and the other. The analysis shows that many of these Israeli community broadcasting groups have fairly closed, singular-community articulations of their communities. They rarely engage in interactions with other communities (limiting internal diversity) and their external diversity is even more restricted, with only one ArabIsraeli community broadcasting group able to be identified. The analysis did, however, identify a dozen groups with more open approaches towards their outer worlds, and thus the potential to assume a more conflict-transformatory role.
社区媒体组织是出了名的难以定义,因为这个媒体领域非常难以捉摸和多样化,即使对一系列基本特征有一定程度的共识。一个关键的定义组件是通过允许其成员参与自我代表的过程来服务其社区的目标。然而,这一组成部分提出了关于社区意味着什么,以及所服务的社区如何与社会其他部分联系起来的问题。本文研究的是一个特殊的社会现实以色列,其中社区电视是主导模式,社区电视生产集团与生产内容的实际分布分离,我们和他们的不同配置特征的政治现实。根据Voniati等人(2018)概述的方法程序,组织了83个以色列社区广播小组的地图,使我们能够充实这些社区广播小组处理其社区/社区和其他社区/社区的不同方式。分析表明,许多这些以色列社区广播团体对其社区有相当封闭的、单一的社区表达。他们很少与其他社区互动(限制了内部多样性),他们的外部多样性更受限制,只有一个阿拉伯-以色列社区广播团体能够确定。然而,该分析确实确定了十几个对外部世界持更开放态度的群体,因此有可能承担更大的冲突转型角色。
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引用次数: 3
The printed (French-speaking) alternative media in Belgium: Journalism or activism? 比利时的印刷(法语)另类媒体:新闻还是行动主义?
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-06-11 DOI: 10.1386/JOACM_00048_1
Robin Van Leeckwyck
This article provides an insight into the Belgian alternative media landscape. Ten French-speaking printed media are analysed to understand how they develop a socio-economic structure that allows independence from any financial sources and to establish their goals regarding the media and society. The methodology is based on interviews and analysis of the background and descriptions of these media. Findings show three categories of media: journalism-oriented (with the objective of practising another journalism); content-oriented (focused on specific issues); and counter-hegemonic-oriented (promoting another society). A clear distinction emerges between them. On one side, media-centred alternatives are developed by professional journalists, who may accept advertising and whose goal is to provide another journalism (deep or slow journalism) without the constraints of traditional media (speed, low-paying jobs, influence of capital, etc.). On the other side, society-centred alternatives are independent from advertising and are composed of non-professional journalists (volunteers) willing to provide a strong alternative voice and opposed to the hegemonic discourses of traditional media, an approach that is very close to activism.
这篇文章提供了一个洞察比利时另类媒体景观。对10种法语印刷媒体进行分析,以了解它们如何发展一种社会经济结构,使其能够独立于任何财政来源,并确定它们在媒体和社会方面的目标。该方法是基于对这些媒体的背景和描述的采访和分析。调查结果显示了三类媒体:以新闻为导向(以实践另一种新闻为目标);内容导向(侧重于具体问题);以反霸权为导向(促进另一个社会)。他们之间出现了明显的区别。一方面,以媒体为中心的替代方案是由专业记者开发的,他们可能接受广告,其目标是提供另一种新闻(深度或慢速新闻),而不受传统媒体的限制(速度、低薪工作、资本影响等)。另一方面,以社会为中心的替代方案独立于广告,由非专业记者(志愿者)组成,他们愿意提供强有力的替代声音,反对传统媒体的霸权话语,这是一种非常接近行动主义的方法。
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引用次数: 4
Youth Documentary Academy: The social practices of filmmaking and media advocacy 青年纪录片学院:电影制作与媒体倡导的社会实践
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-06-11 DOI: 10.1386/JOACM_00047_1
Gino Canella
Youth Documentary Academy (YDA) is a seven-week documentary workshop in Colorado Springs, Colorado. Through ethnographic research and collaborative filmmaking, I examine documentary production and exhibition as social practices that foster meaningful relationships between media makers and community organisations working for social justice. Between November 2016 and July 2018, I conducted 20interviews with current and former YDA filmmakers, faculty and community organisers. Many YDA filmmakers produced films through first-person point-of-view testimonials, which explored intimate details of their lives and the issues facing their families and communities. Although this narrative style may individualise systemic injustices, I argue that the affective nature of filmmaking and film exhibition, and the partnerships that YDA developed with community organisations, helped youth realise an advocacy role. For filmmakers, the empathic dialogues that emerged at public screenings of YDA films illuminated the way media have the potential to foster solidarity.
青年纪录片学院(YDA)是在科罗拉多州的科罗拉多斯普林斯举办的为期七周的纪录片工作坊。通过人种学研究和合作电影制作,我研究了纪录片的制作和展览作为促进媒体制作人和为社会正义工作的社区组织之间有意义的关系的社会实践。在2016年11月至2018年7月期间,我对YDA现任和前任电影人、教师和社区组织者进行了20次采访。许多YDA电影制作人通过第一人称视角拍摄电影,探索他们生活的亲密细节以及他们的家庭和社区面临的问题。尽管这种叙事风格可能会将系统性的不公正个人化,但我认为,电影制作和电影展览的情感本质,以及YDA与社区组织建立的伙伴关系,帮助年轻人实现了倡导的角色。对于电影人来说,在YDA电影的公开放映中出现的移情对话,说明了媒体有可能促进团结。
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引用次数: 0
Framing the mass media: Exploring fake news as a frame embedded in political discourse 构建大众媒体:探索假新闻作为嵌入政治话语的框架
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-04-16 DOI: 10.1386/JOACM_00043_1
Jan Riebling, Ina von der Wense
The recent growth of alternative media sites and sources has also seen the rise of an aggressive rhetoric decrying mass media or parts thereof as being untrustworthy and politically biased. While it is unclear whether the fake news debate is directly connected with this, it is surely a framing of mass media. In this article, we use techniques of quantitative text analysis in order to analyse how the fake news frame is structured and to understand its central determinants in terms of social context and political orientation. Using quantitative text analysis, we analyse the frame usage and semantic embeddedness in eight blogs. We find evidence for a generalised frame that tends to be independent of political orientation of the blog.
近年来,另类媒体网站和消息来源的增长,也见证了一种激进言论的兴起,谴责大众媒体或其部分媒体不可信,具有政治偏见。虽然目前尚不清楚假新闻辩论是否与此直接相关,但它肯定是大众媒体的一种框架。在本文中,我们使用定量文本分析技术来分析假新闻框架是如何构建的,并从社会背景和政治取向方面理解其核心决定因素。本文采用定量文本分析的方法,对8篇博客的框架使用和语义嵌入性进行了分析。我们发现有证据表明,一般框架倾向于独立于博客的政治倾向。
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引用次数: 5
The other alternatives: Political right-wing alternative media 其他选择:政治右翼另类媒体
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-04-16 DOI: 10.1386/JOACM_00039_2
andrew. haller, Kristoffer Holt, R. D. L. Brosse
This special issue of the Journal of Alternative and Community Media presents five articles that examine right-wing alternative media from different countries and contexts: Brazil, the United States, Germany and Finland. They focus on different aspects of a phenomenon that has come to the forefront of public debate in recent years, due to the many apparently successful alternative media enterprises that can be characterised as conservative, libertarian, populist or far to extreme right wing on a political scale. While there has been much (and often heated) public debate about this, researchers tend to lag behind when it comes to new trends, and a transient and rapidly changing media landscape. The articles in this special issue are therefore especially valuable, since they all provide empirically grounded perspectives on specific cases that illustrate different parts of a large puzzle that is in much need of illumination. This special issue is of use not just to communication research, but also to the public debate on disinformation on the internet.
本期《另类与社区媒体杂志》特刊刊载五篇文章,检视来自巴西、美国、德国和芬兰等不同国家和背景的右翼另类媒体。他们关注的是近年来出现在公众辩论前沿的一种现象的不同方面,这是由于许多明显成功的另类媒体企业,在政治层面上可以被定性为保守派、自由主义者、民粹主义者或极端右翼。虽然对此有很多(而且经常是激烈的)公众辩论,但当涉及到新的趋势和瞬息万变的媒体景观时,研究人员往往会落后。因此,本期特刊中的文章特别有价值,因为它们都提供了基于经验的具体案例视角,说明了一个非常需要启发的大难题的不同部分。这个特别的问题不仅对传播学研究有用,而且对互联网上虚假信息的公开辩论也有用。
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引用次数: 40
US alt-right media and the creation of the counter-collective memory 美国另类右翼媒体与反集体记忆的创造
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-04-16 DOI: 10.1386/JOACM_00044_1
Krzysztof Wasilewski
The media play an important role in shaping the collective memory of their users. Popular movies, TV shows or commemorative newspaper texts influence the ways in which people remember and forget. Many scholars have attempted to describe this connection; however, little attention has so far been paid to alternative media. This article aims to analyse the features of the collective memory constructed by the media associated with the so-called alt-right (alternative right) movement in the United States. I argue that far-right media produce an ethnically exclusive collective memory, which consequently aims to counter the mainstream collective memory. The findings of this study come from the critical analysis of how the New York Times and Breitbart News engaged in a nationwide discussion on the Confederacys legacy that ensued in August 2017 after the decision to remove the Robert E. Lee monument in Charlottesville, VA and the mass protests that soon followed.
媒体在塑造其用户的集体记忆方面发挥着重要作用。流行电影,电视节目或纪念报纸文本影响人们记忆和遗忘的方式。许多学者试图描述这种联系;然而,迄今为止,人们对替代媒体的关注很少。本文旨在分析与美国所谓另类右翼(alt-right)运动相关的媒体建构的集体记忆的特征。我认为,极右翼媒体制造了一种种族排外的集体记忆,其结果是旨在对抗主流集体记忆。这项研究的发现来自于对《纽约时报》和布莱巴特新闻(Breitbart News)如何参与2017年8月在弗吉尼亚州夏洛茨维尔(Charlottesville)拆除罗伯特·e·李(Robert E. Lee)纪念碑的决定以及随后不久的大规模抗议活动之后展开的关于邦联遗产的全国性讨论的批判性分析。
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引用次数: 10
User profiles for populist counter-media websites in Finland 芬兰民粹主义反媒体网站的用户资料
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-04-16 DOI: 10.1386/JOACM_00041_1
Elina Noppari, Ilmari Hiltunen, Laura Ahva
This article examines the users of Finnish populist counter-media (PCM) websites with the aim of exploring their motives for consuming and engaging with populist online media content. The article is based on a qualitative analysis of 24 semi-structured, focused interviews. We conclude that consuming and engaging with populist counter-media content is typically motivated by scepticism and mistrust of legacy media journalism and aspirations of constructing and sharing representations and narratives that challenge those of the dominant public sphere. These efforts are often motivated by deeply held personal beliefs and political stances. Three user profiles are devised to illustrate different types of counter-media users: (1) system sceptics, who express all-encompassing societal mistrust; (2) agenda critics, who express politicised criticism towards media representations of selected themes; and (3) the casually discontent, who sporadically browse sites for alternative information and entertainment.
本文考察了芬兰民粹主义反媒体(PCM)网站的用户,目的是探索他们消费和参与民粹主义在线媒体内容的动机。这篇文章是基于对24个半结构化、重点访谈的定性分析。我们得出的结论是,消费和参与民粹主义反媒体内容的动机通常是对传统媒体新闻的怀疑和不信任,以及构建和分享挑战主流公共领域的表征和叙事的愿望。这些努力的动机往往是根深蒂固的个人信仰和政治立场。设计了三种用户配置文件来说明不同类型的反媒体用户:(1)系统怀疑论者,他们表达了全方位的社会不信任;(2)议程批评者,他们对选定主题的媒体表述表达政治化的批评;(3)漫不经心的不满,他们偶尔浏览网站寻找其他信息和娱乐。
{"title":"User profiles for populist counter-media websites in Finland","authors":"Elina Noppari, Ilmari Hiltunen, Laura Ahva","doi":"10.1386/JOACM_00041_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/JOACM_00041_1","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the users of Finnish populist counter-media (PCM) websites with the aim of exploring their motives for consuming and engaging with populist online media content. The article is based on a qualitative analysis of 24 semi-structured, focused interviews. We conclude\u0000 that consuming and engaging with populist counter-media content is typically motivated by scepticism and mistrust of legacy media journalism and aspirations of constructing and sharing representations and narratives that challenge those of the dominant public sphere. These efforts are often\u0000 motivated by deeply held personal beliefs and political stances. Three user profiles are devised to illustrate different types of counter-media users: (1) system sceptics, who express all-encompassing societal mistrust; (2) agenda critics, who express politicised criticism towards media representations\u0000 of selected themes; and (3) the casually discontent, who sporadically browse sites for alternative information and entertainment.","PeriodicalId":36092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alternative and Community Media","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85429153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 39
Young, free and biased: A comparison of mainstream and right-wing media coverage of the 201516 refugee crisis in German newspapers 年轻、自由和偏见:主流和右翼媒体对2015 - 2016年德国报纸难民危机报道的比较
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-04-16 DOI: 10.1386/JOACM_00042_1
Gerret von Nordheim, H. Müller, Michael Scheppe
Right-wing media have been growing in terms of readership and impact in recent years. However, comparative analyses that gauge linkages between mainstream and right-wing media in Europe are virtually missing. We pursued an algorithm-based topic-modelling analysis of 11,420 articles concerning the question of whether reporting of the leading German right-wing newspaper Junge Freiheit differed from that of mainstream media outlets in the context of the refugee crisis of 201516. The results strongly support this notion. They show a clear-cut dichotomy with mainstream media on one side and Junge Freiheit on the other. A time lag could be found, pointing to a reporting pattern that positioned Junge Freiheit relative to the journalistic and political mainstream. Thus, Junge Freiheit can be characterised as a reactive alternative media outlet that is prone to populism: it stresses the national dimension of the crisis, embraces the positions of the right-wing party Alternative fr Deutschland (AfD) and largely neglects complex international, and particularly European, implications.
近年来,右翼媒体在读者群和影响力方面一直在增长。然而,衡量欧洲主流媒体和右翼媒体之间联系的比较分析实际上是缺失的。我们对11,420篇文章进行了基于算法的主题建模分析,这些文章涉及德国主要右翼报纸Junge Freiheit在2015年难民危机背景下的报道是否与主流媒体的报道不同。研究结果有力地支持了这一观点。他们表现出鲜明的二分法,一边是主流媒体,另一边是Junge Freiheit。可以发现一个时间差,指出了一种将Junge freeheit定位于新闻和政治主流的报道模式。因此,《自由Junge》可以被描述为一个倾向于民粹主义的反应性另类媒体:它强调危机的国家层面,拥护右翼政党德国新选择党(alternative for Deutschland,简称AfD)的立场,在很大程度上忽视了复杂的国际影响,尤其是欧洲影响。
{"title":"Young, free and biased: A comparison of mainstream and right-wing media coverage of the 201516 refugee crisis in German newspapers","authors":"Gerret von Nordheim, H. Müller, Michael Scheppe","doi":"10.1386/JOACM_00042_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/JOACM_00042_1","url":null,"abstract":"Right-wing media have been growing in terms of readership and impact in recent years. However, comparative analyses that gauge linkages between mainstream and right-wing media in Europe are virtually missing. We pursued an algorithm-based topic-modelling analysis of 11,420 articles\u0000 concerning the question of whether reporting of the leading German right-wing newspaper Junge Freiheit differed from that of mainstream media outlets in the context of the refugee crisis of 201516. The results strongly support this notion. They show a clear-cut dichotomy with mainstream\u0000 media on one side and Junge Freiheit on the other. A time lag could be found, pointing to a reporting pattern that positioned Junge Freiheit relative to the journalistic and political mainstream. Thus, Junge Freiheit can be characterised as a reactive alternative media\u0000 outlet that is prone to populism: it stresses the national dimension of the crisis, embraces the positions of the right-wing party Alternative fr Deutschland (AfD) and largely neglects complex international, and particularly European, implications.","PeriodicalId":36092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alternative and Community Media","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87675497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 20
Strange fruit: The rise of Brazils new right-wing and the Non-Partisan School Movement 奇怪的果实:巴西新右翼和无党派学校运动的兴起
Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2019-04-01 DOI: 10.1386/JOACM_00040_1
Richard Romancini, Fernanda Castilho
The new right-wing Brazilian Non-Partisan School Movement (in Portuguese, Escola Sem Partido, or ESP) was created in 2004 to denounce indoctrination in schools. It has, however, had greater repercussions via a strong presence on social media. The objective of this article is to analyse these discussions on Twitter. ESPs official discourse and theoretical discussions about the role of social networks supported this study. The content and network analyses of the tweets reveal the following relevant conclusions: the dissemination of content is much stronger than any discussion, on the part of both the new right wing and the left-wing partisans; there is a predominance of ESP supporters in a discussion that has characteristics of an anti-public sphere; communication between these two groups is weak; and the tone of the content spread by ESP supporters resonates with many features of president-elect Jair Bolsonaros communication style.
新的右翼巴西无党派学校运动(Escola Sem Partido,或ESP)成立于2004年,目的是谴责学校的教化。然而,通过在社交媒体上的强势存在,它产生了更大的影响。本文的目的是分析Twitter上的这些讨论。esp官方话语和关于社交网络作用的理论讨论支持了本研究。对推文的内容和网络分析揭示了以下相关结论:无论是新右翼还是左翼党派,内容的传播都比任何讨论强得多;在具有反公共领域特征的讨论中,ESP支持者占主导地位;这两个群体之间的沟通很弱;ESP支持者传播内容的语气与当选总统雅伊尔·博尔索纳罗的沟通风格有很多共鸣。
{"title":"Strange fruit: The rise of Brazils new right-wing and the Non-Partisan School Movement","authors":"Richard Romancini, Fernanda Castilho","doi":"10.1386/JOACM_00040_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/JOACM_00040_1","url":null,"abstract":"The new right-wing Brazilian Non-Partisan School Movement (in Portuguese, Escola Sem Partido, or ESP) was created in 2004 to denounce indoctrination in schools. It has, however, had greater repercussions via a strong presence on social media. The objective of this article is to analyse\u0000 these discussions on Twitter. ESPs official discourse and theoretical discussions about the role of social networks supported this study. The content and network analyses of the tweets reveal the following relevant conclusions: the dissemination of content is much stronger than any discussion,\u0000 on the part of both the new right wing and the left-wing partisans; there is a predominance of ESP supporters in a discussion that has characteristics of an anti-public sphere; communication between these two groups is weak; and the tone of the content spread by ESP supporters resonates with\u0000 many features of president-elect Jair Bolsonaros communication style.","PeriodicalId":36092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alternative and Community Media","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78448927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
期刊
Journal of Alternative and Community Media
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