S. Fu, S. Ordoñez-Sanchez, R. Martinez, C. Johnstone, Matthew Allmark, T. O’Doherty
The non-uniformity and dynamics of the environment tidal stream turbines need to operate within will significantly influence the durability and reliability of tidal energy systems. The loadings on the turbine will increase substantially when the turbine is deployed in high magnitude waves with non-uniform tidal currents. The limitations of numerical solutions will be understood when the outcomes are verified with empirical data from system operations. In this paper, a Blade Element Momentum model is used to predict and compare the performance of a scaled turbine within a flume and a tow tank. Firstly, the numerical and experimental work is analysed for a turbine operating at flow speeds of 0.5m/s amd 1.0 m/s, wave heights of 0.2 m and 0.4 m and wave periods of 1.5 s and 1.7 s. Good agreement between the model and the experimental work was observed. However, in low TSRs the model tends to under predict the thrust, and the variation between the maximum and minimum values obtained within the experiments. Secondly, a turbine operating at flow speeds of 1.0 m/s and 4 different inflow profiles is analysed, where the wave heights for these cases were 0.09 m and 0.19 m and with wave periods of 2 s and 1.43 s. In this evaluation, the model tends to over predict the values of Ct and Cp when compared to those calculated from the experimental data. However, when investigating the values used to calculating both the thrust and torque coefficients, there is better agreement with these, which means the methodology used to determine these coefficients with inflow profiles should be revised.
{"title":"Using Blade Element Momentum Theory to Predict the Effect of Wave-Current Interactions on the Performance of Tidal Stream Turbines","authors":"S. Fu, S. Ordoñez-Sanchez, R. Martinez, C. Johnstone, Matthew Allmark, T. O’Doherty","doi":"10.36688/IMEJ.4.25-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36688/IMEJ.4.25-36","url":null,"abstract":"The non-uniformity and dynamics of the environment tidal stream turbines need to operate within will significantly influence the durability and reliability of tidal energy systems. The loadings on the turbine will increase substantially when the turbine is deployed in high magnitude waves with non-uniform tidal currents. The limitations of numerical solutions will be understood when the outcomes are verified with empirical data from system operations. In this paper, a Blade Element Momentum model is used to predict and compare the performance of a scaled turbine within a flume and a tow tank. Firstly, the numerical and experimental work is analysed for a turbine operating at flow speeds of 0.5m/s amd 1.0 m/s, wave heights of 0.2 m and 0.4 m and wave periods of 1.5 s and 1.7 s. Good agreement between the model and the experimental work was observed. However, in low TSRs the model tends to under predict the thrust, and the variation between the maximum and minimum values obtained within the experiments. Secondly, a turbine operating at flow speeds of 1.0 m/s and 4 different inflow profiles is analysed, where the wave heights for these cases were 0.09 m and 0.19 m and with wave periods of 2 s and 1.43 s. In this evaluation, the model tends to over predict the values of Ct and Cp when compared to those calculated from the experimental data. However, when investigating the values used to calculating both the thrust and torque coefficients, there is better agreement with these, which means the methodology used to determine these coefficients with inflow profiles should be revised. ","PeriodicalId":36111,"journal":{"name":"International Marine Energy Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46032625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The twelfth conference of the European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference series was held at the verdant campus of University College Cork, Ireland, from Sunday 27th August to Saturday 1st September 2017. At EWTEC2017 the most up-to-date results from innovative research within both academia and industry were presented. The Conference had over 530 attendees from at least 25 countries, with the largest number of papers ever submitted to the proceedings and delivered through 336 oral presentations and 30 poster presentations over the four days.
{"title":"Preface to the special issues of the Twelfth European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference (EWTEC 2017)","authors":"A. W. Lewis (Chair, EWTEC 2017)","doi":"10.36688/imej.1.v","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36688/imej.1.v","url":null,"abstract":"The twelfth conference of the European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference series was held at the verdant campus of University College Cork, Ireland, from Sunday 27th August to Saturday 1st September 2017. At EWTEC2017 the most up-to-date results from innovative research within both academia and industry were presented. The Conference had over 530 attendees from at least 25 countries, with the largest number of papers ever submitted to the proceedings and delivered through 336 oral presentations and 30 poster presentations over the four days.","PeriodicalId":36111,"journal":{"name":"International Marine Energy Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69722059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In tidal streams and rivers, the flow of water can be at yaw to the turbine rotor plane causing performance degradation and a skewed downstream wake. The current study aims to quantify the performance variation and associated wake behavior caused by a tidal turbine operating in a yawed inflow environment. A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics study was carried out using multiple reference frame approach using κ-ω SST turbulence model with curvature correction. The computations were validated by comparison with experimental results on a 1:20 scale prototype for a 0° yaw case performed in a laboratory flume. The simulations were performed using a three-bladed, constant chord, untwisted tidal turbine operating at uniform inflow. Yaw effects were observed for angles ranging from 5° to 15°. An increase in yaw over this range caused a power coefficient deficit of 26% and a thrust coefficient deficit of about 8% at a tip speed ratio of 5 that corresponds to the maximum power coefficient for the tested turbine. In addition, wake propagation was studied up to a downstream distance of ten rotor radius, and skewness in the wake, proportional to yaw angle was observed. At higher yaw angles, the flow around the turbine rotor was found to cushion the tip vortices, accelerating the interaction between the tip vortices and the skewed wake, thereby facilitating a faster wake recovery. The center of the wake was tracked using a center of mass technique. The center of wake analysis was used to better quantify the deviation of the wake with increasing yaw angle. It was observed that with an increase in yaw angle, the recovery distance moved closer to the rotor plane. The wake was noticed to meander around the turbine centerline with increasing downstream distance and slightly deviate towards the free surface above the turbine centerline, magnitude of which varied depending on yaw.
{"title":"Performance and wake characteristics of a tidal turbine under yaw","authors":"P. Modali, Nitin Kolekar, A. Banerjee","doi":"10.36688/IMEJ.1.41-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36688/IMEJ.1.41-50","url":null,"abstract":"In tidal streams and rivers, the flow of water can be at yaw to the turbine rotor plane causing performance degradation and a skewed downstream wake. The current study aims to quantify the performance variation and associated wake behavior caused by a tidal turbine operating in a yawed inflow environment. A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics study was carried out using multiple reference frame approach using κ-ω SST turbulence model with curvature correction. The computations were validated by comparison with experimental results on a 1:20 scale prototype for a 0° yaw case performed in a laboratory flume. The simulations were performed using a three-bladed, constant chord, untwisted tidal turbine operating at uniform inflow. Yaw effects were observed for angles ranging from 5° to 15°. An increase in yaw over this range caused a power coefficient deficit of 26% and a thrust coefficient deficit of about 8% at a tip speed ratio of 5 that corresponds to the maximum power coefficient for the tested turbine. In addition, wake propagation was studied up to a downstream distance of ten rotor radius, and skewness in the wake, proportional to yaw angle was observed. At higher yaw angles, the flow around the turbine rotor was found to cushion the tip vortices, accelerating the interaction between the tip vortices and the skewed wake, thereby facilitating a faster wake recovery. The center of the wake was tracked using a center of mass technique. The center of wake analysis was used to better quantify the deviation of the wake with increasing yaw angle. It was observed that with an increase in yaw angle, the recovery distance moved closer to the rotor plane. The wake was noticed to meander around the turbine centerline with increasing downstream distance and slightly deviate towards the free surface above the turbine centerline, magnitude of which varied depending on yaw.","PeriodicalId":36111,"journal":{"name":"International Marine Energy Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48754911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The many uncertainties in tidal energy conversion combine to form a significant barrier to raising private-sector capital. Mitigation and management of risk are essential if the industry is to attract equity investors. One way to manage the risk is through investment timing. The option to time an investment has value, which can be estimated. An analysis of an invest-vs-delay decision revealed a persistent, economicallyrational incentive to delay. Further inquiry identified a strategic rationale for delaying investment in tidal energy projects, given the uncertainty still present in the undertaking. As the largest sensitivity in the value of delay is the volatility of the investment’s expected cash flows, an investigation into the prevalent uncertainties was undertaken. This paper summarizes the real option valuation model. It then reports on results of a qualitative study of the predominant uncertainties facing developers and conditions that would help move the industry along. Predominant uncertainties reported revolve around technology reliability; site and resource knowledge; prospects for buildout; predictability of government policy and supports; prospects of off-take agreements; and supply chain capacity and costs. These are related back to the variables in the real option pricing model. The model is relevant for companies wishing to systematically evaluate timing options and communicate project value to the investment community. It can also be used by governments to evaluate the design of policies and financial supports in a way that is consistent with the priorities of financial markets.
{"title":"Strategic timing of commercial-scale tidal energy investment","authors":"S. MacDougall","doi":"10.36688/imej.1.35-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36688/imej.1.35-40","url":null,"abstract":"The many uncertainties in tidal energy conversion combine to form a significant barrier to raising private-sector capital. Mitigation and management of risk are essential if the industry is to attract equity investors. One way to manage the risk is through investment timing. The option to time an investment has value, which can be estimated. An analysis of an invest-vs-delay decision revealed a persistent, economicallyrational incentive to delay. Further inquiry identified a strategic rationale for delaying investment in tidal energy projects, given the uncertainty still present in the undertaking. As the largest sensitivity in the value of delay is the volatility of the investment’s expected cash flows, an investigation into the prevalent uncertainties was undertaken. \u0000This paper summarizes the real option valuation model. It then reports on results of a qualitative study of the predominant uncertainties facing developers and conditions that would help move the industry along. Predominant uncertainties reported revolve around technology reliability; site and resource knowledge; prospects for buildout; predictability of government policy and supports; prospects of off-take agreements; and supply chain capacity and costs. These are related back to the variables in the real option pricing model. The model is relevant for companies wishing to systematically evaluate timing options and communicate project value to the investment community. It can also be used by governments to evaluate the design of policies and financial supports in a way that is consistent with the priorities of financial markets.","PeriodicalId":36111,"journal":{"name":"International Marine Energy Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48586324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paul-Emile Meunier, A. Clément, J. Gilloteaux, K. Sofien
It has been established that Wave Energy Converters efficiency can be improved by control. One of the main challenges of reactive control is the non-causality of the optimal controller. This study presents a methodology to solve the non-causality issue by providing a deterministic forecast of the controlled body velocities. This forecast is achieved by using the measurements of the states of the most up wave device of the array. The reactive control approach also implies strong instabilities due to the extreme dynamics of the controlled devices. The proposed method suggests to mitigate this behavior by applying a window function on the optimal controller impedance. In order to maximize the efficiency of the resulting control and ensure the robustness of the system, a stability analysis is conducted. Optimal sets of parameters are determined and applied to a time domain simulation of an array of 10 cylindrical floating WECs. The results obtained show an average efficiency of the array of 83% of the maximum energy retrievable in the waves.
{"title":"Development of a methodology for collaborative control within a WEC array","authors":"Paul-Emile Meunier, A. Clément, J. Gilloteaux, K. Sofien","doi":"10.36688/imej.1.51-59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36688/imej.1.51-59","url":null,"abstract":"It has been established that Wave Energy Converters efficiency can be improved by control. One of the main challenges of reactive control is the non-causality of the optimal controller. This study presents a methodology to solve the non-causality issue by providing a deterministic forecast of the controlled body velocities. This forecast is achieved by using the measurements of the states of the most up wave device of the array. The reactive control approach also implies strong instabilities due to the extreme dynamics of the controlled devices. The proposed method suggests to mitigate this behavior by applying a window function on the optimal controller impedance. In order to maximize the efficiency of the resulting control and ensure the robustness of the system, a stability analysis is conducted. Optimal sets of parameters are determined and applied to a time domain simulation of an array of 10 cylindrical floating WECs. The results obtained show an average efficiency of the array of 83% of the maximum energy retrievable in the waves.","PeriodicalId":36111,"journal":{"name":"International Marine Energy Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41485632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An embedded Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes blade element actuator disk model is used to investigate the hydrodynamic design of tidal turbines and their performance in a closely spaced cross-stream fence. Turbines designed for confined flows are found to require a larger blade solidity ratio than current turbine design practices imply in order to maximise power. Generally, maximum power can be increased by operating turbines in more confined flows than they were designed for, although this also requires the turbines to operate at a higher rotational speed, which may increase the likelihood of cavitation inception. In-array turbine performance differs from that predicted from single turbine analyses, with cross-fence variation in power and thrust developing between the inboard and outboard turbines. As turbine thrust increases the cross-fence variation increases, as the interference effects between adjacent turbines strengthen as turbine thrust increases, but it is observed that cross-stream variation can be mitigated through strategies such as pitch-to-feather power control. It was found that overall fence performance was maximised by using turbines designed for moderately constrained (blocked) flows, with greater blockage than that based solely on fence geometry, but lower blockage than that based solely on the turbine and local flow passage geometry to balance the multi-scale flow phenomena around tidal fences.
采用内嵌式reynolds - average Navier-Stokes叶片单元作动器盘模型，研究了潮汐水轮机的水动力设计及其在窄距横流围栏中的性能。为受限流动设计的涡轮被发现需要比当前涡轮设计实践更大的叶片固体比，以最大限度地提高功率。一般来说，通过在比设计更受限制的流动中运行涡轮机可以增加最大功率，尽管这也要求涡轮机以更高的转速运行，这可能会增加空化开始的可能性。阵内涡轮性能与单涡轮分析预测的性能不同，在内外涡轮之间产生功率和推力的交叉变化。随着涡轮推力的增加，横栅变化也会增加，相邻涡轮之间的干扰效应也会随着涡轮推力的增加而增强，但可以通过俯距-羽功率控制等策略来缓解横流变化。研究发现，使用为适度约束(阻塞)流动设计的涡轮机，可以最大限度地提高围堰的整体性能，其阻塞程度高于仅基于围堰几何形状的涡轮，但低于仅基于涡轮和局部流道几何形状的涡轮，以平衡潮汐围堰周围的多尺度流动现象。
{"title":"Designing multi-rotor tidal turbine fences","authors":"C. Vogel, R. Willden","doi":"10.36688/IMEJ.1.61-70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36688/IMEJ.1.61-70","url":null,"abstract":"An embedded Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes blade element actuator disk model is used to investigate the hydrodynamic design of tidal turbines and their performance in a closely spaced cross-stream fence. Turbines designed for confined flows are found to require a larger blade solidity ratio than current turbine design practices imply in order to maximise power. Generally, maximum power can be increased by operating turbines in more confined flows than they were designed for, although this also requires the turbines to operate at a higher rotational speed, which may increase the likelihood of cavitation inception. In-array turbine performance differs from that predicted from single turbine analyses, with cross-fence variation in power and thrust developing between the inboard and outboard turbines. As turbine thrust increases the cross-fence variation increases, as the interference effects between adjacent turbines strengthen as turbine thrust increases, but it is observed that cross-stream variation can be mitigated through strategies such as pitch-to-feather power control. It was found that overall fence performance was maximised by using turbines designed for moderately constrained (blocked) flows, with greater blockage than that based solely on fence geometry, but lower blockage than that based solely on the turbine and local flow passage geometry to balance the multi-scale flow phenomena around tidal fences.","PeriodicalId":36111,"journal":{"name":"International Marine Energy Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46166450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Policy making is called to play a decisive role in the commercialisation of tidal stream energy projects. For they are site-specific, spatial targeting of policies is needed, so that tidal stream regulations (financial supporting mechanisms, consenting procedures, etc.) could be concentrated to sites where they can achieve the greatest benefits. With this in view, the aim of this paper is: (i) to develop a new method to delimit the most suitable (target) areas for tidal stream energy policy intervention within a coastal area of interest, and (ii) to apply it to the Bristol Channel and Severn Estuary (UK). The method includes spatial numerical analysis by means of a Matlab-based code coupled with a Navier-Stokes solver. The programme works in steps, in which different constraints are imposed with a view to carry out a zoning process. As a result of this zoning process, four hotspots are selected, for which a set of policy interventions is proposed. This includes the specific levels of subsidisation for closing the grid parity gap of potential projects in each area. The method can be viewed as a supporting decision mechanism for spatially targeted policy-making and management of tidal stream energy across the Bristol Channel and Severn Estuary.
{"title":"A method for the spatial targeting of tidal stream energy policies","authors":"A. Vázquez, S. Astariz, G. Iglesias","doi":"10.36688/imej.1.19-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36688/imej.1.19-26","url":null,"abstract":"Policy making is called to play a decisive role in the commercialisation of tidal stream energy projects. For they are site-specific, spatial targeting of policies is needed, so that tidal stream regulations (financial supporting mechanisms, consenting procedures, etc.) could be concentrated to sites where they can achieve the greatest benefits. With this in view, the aim of this paper is: (i) to develop a new method to delimit the most suitable (target) areas for tidal stream energy policy intervention within a coastal area of interest, and (ii) to apply it to the Bristol Channel and Severn Estuary (UK). The method includes spatial numerical analysis by means of a Matlab-based code coupled with a Navier-Stokes solver. The programme works in steps, in which different constraints are imposed with a view to carry out a zoning process. As a result of this zoning process, four hotspots are selected, for which a set of policy interventions is proposed. This includes the specific levels of subsidisation for closing the grid parity gap of potential projects in each area. The method can be viewed as a supporting decision mechanism for spatially targeted policy-making and management of tidal stream energy across the Bristol Channel and Severn Estuary.","PeriodicalId":36111,"journal":{"name":"International Marine Energy Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42304420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As tidal turbine deployments continue at test sites and in commercial areas, the potential risk for injury or death of marine mammals from colliding with rotating turbine blades continues to confound efficient consenting (permitting) of devices. Direct observation of collisions is technically very challenging and costly. Estimates of collision risk to date have been derived from complex collision risk models that depend on estimates of the number of marine mammals found in the area. Using a simple collision model, the risk of collision was examined at three real-world sites, each of which featured an indigenous marine mammal. Two different turbine designs were examined at each site to extend the range of the estimates. The results of the model runs allow for comparison of risk at a range of tidal sites for a variety of the marine mammals thought to be at potential risk.
{"title":"Applying a simple model for estimating the likelihood of collision of marine mammals with tidal turbines","authors":"A. Copping, M. Grear","doi":"10.36688/IMEJ.1.27-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36688/IMEJ.1.27-33","url":null,"abstract":"As tidal turbine deployments continue at test sites and in commercial areas, the potential risk for injury or death of marine mammals from colliding with rotating turbine blades continues to confound efficient consenting (permitting) of devices. Direct observation of collisions is technically very challenging and costly. Estimates of collision risk to date have been derived from complex collision risk models that depend on estimates of the number of marine mammals found in the area. Using a simple collision model, the risk of collision was examined at three real-world sites, each of which featured an indigenous marine mammal. Two different turbine designs were examined at each site to extend the range of the estimates. The results of the model runs allow for comparison of risk at a range of tidal sites for a variety of the marine mammals thought to be at potential risk.","PeriodicalId":36111,"journal":{"name":"International Marine Energy Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48283480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The SET-Plan declaration of intent for ocean energy has set ambitious targets for wave and tidal energy technologies. Tidal technologies are expected to reach a levelised cost of energy (LCOE) of 15 cEUR/kWh by 2025. To meet this target, technology costs need to be reduced by about 75 % from 2016 values. Cost-reduction of tidal technologies is expected to go hand in hand with technology deployment and further technology validation gained by the operation of first-of-a-kind tidal farms. In this paper we assess the learning investment needed to support the cost-reduction of tidal energy to meet the 2025 SET-Plan targets. The learning investment necessary to bring tidal energy to cost-competitiveness would be of about EUR 1.45 billion, requiring about 3.2 GW of installed capacity to achieve the LCOE target of 15 cEUR/kWh. Supporting the step growth for the sector requires the design of accompanying policies aimed at the industrialisation of the sector to support the creation of assembly and manufacturing facilities.
set - plan海洋能源意向宣言为波浪和潮汐能技术设定了雄心勃勃的目标。到2025年，潮汐技术预计将达到15欧元/千瓦时的平准化能源成本(LCOE)。为了实现这一目标，技术成本需要在2016年的基础上降低约75%。预计潮汐技术的成本降低将与技术部署和首次运营的潮汐农场所获得的进一步技术验证齐头并进。在本文中，我们评估了支持降低潮汐能成本以实现2025年SET-Plan目标所需的学习投资。使潮汐能具有成本竞争力所需的学习投资约为14.5亿欧元，需要约3.2吉瓦的装机容量才能实现15欧元/千瓦时的LCOE目标。为了支持该行业的跨越式增长，需要设计相应的政策，旨在实现该行业的工业化，以支持组装和制造设施的创建。
{"title":"Ocean energy in Europe","authors":"D. Magagna, R. Monfardini, A. Uihlein","doi":"10.36688/IMEJ.1.1-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36688/IMEJ.1.1-7","url":null,"abstract":"The SET-Plan declaration of intent for ocean energy has set ambitious targets for wave and tidal energy technologies. Tidal technologies are expected to reach a levelised cost of energy (LCOE) of 15 cEUR/kWh by 2025. To meet this target, technology costs need to be reduced by about 75 % from 2016 values. Cost-reduction of tidal technologies is expected to go hand in hand with technology deployment and further technology validation gained by the operation of first-of-a-kind tidal farms. In this paper we assess the learning investment needed to support the cost-reduction of tidal energy to meet the 2025 SET-Plan targets. The learning investment necessary to bring tidal energy to cost-competitiveness would be of about EUR 1.45 billion, requiring about 3.2 GW of installed capacity to achieve the LCOE target of 15 cEUR/kWh. Supporting the step growth for the sector requires the design of accompanying policies aimed at the industrialisation of the sector to support the creation of assembly and manufacturing facilities.","PeriodicalId":36111,"journal":{"name":"International Marine Energy Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69721986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The likelihood of fish encountering an MHK device, and therefore the risk posed to fish, depends largely on the natural distribution of fish at tidal energy development sites. In temperate locations, such as the Bay of Fundy, seasonal changes in the environment and fish assemblage may alter the likelihood of fish encounters with MHK devices. We examined two one-month hydroacoustic datasets collected in winter 2015 and summer 2016 by an upward-facing echosounder deployed at the Fundy Ocean Research Center for Energy test site in the Minas Passage. Fish density was higher and less variable in winter than in summer, likely due to the presence of migratory vs. overwintering fish. The vertical distribution of fish varied with sample period, diel stage, and tidal stage. The proportion of fish at MHK device depth was greater, but more variable, in summer than in winter. Encounter probability, or potential for spatial overlap of fish with an MHK device, was < 0.002 for winter and summer vertical distributions. More information on the distribution of fish (horizontal and vertical), species present, fish sensory and locomotory abilities, and nearfield behaviours in response to MHK devices is needed to improve our understanding of likely device effects on fish.
{"title":"Winter and summer differences in probability of fish encounter (spatial overlap) with MHK devices","authors":"H. Viehman, T. Boucher, A. Redden","doi":"10.36688/IMEJ.1.9-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36688/IMEJ.1.9-18","url":null,"abstract":"The likelihood of fish encountering an MHK device, and therefore the risk posed to fish, depends largely on the natural distribution of fish at tidal energy development sites. In temperate locations, such as the Bay of Fundy, seasonal changes in the environment and fish assemblage may alter the likelihood of fish encounters with MHK devices. We examined two one-month hydroacoustic datasets collected in winter 2015 and summer 2016 by an upward-facing echosounder deployed at the Fundy Ocean Research Center for Energy test site in the Minas Passage. Fish density was higher and less variable in winter than in summer, likely due to the presence of migratory vs. overwintering fish. The vertical distribution of fish varied with sample period, diel stage, and tidal stage. The proportion of fish at MHK device depth was greater, but more variable, in summer than in winter. Encounter probability, or potential for spatial overlap of fish with an MHK device, was < 0.002 for winter and summer vertical distributions. More information on the distribution of fish (horizontal and vertical), species present, fish sensory and locomotory abilities, and nearfield behaviours in response to MHK devices is needed to improve our understanding of likely device effects on fish.","PeriodicalId":36111,"journal":{"name":"International Marine Energy Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41368518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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