Riyadi Riyadi, Ahmad Kholil, Januar Parlaungan Siregar, Siska Titik Dwiyati, Danang Budi Pratama, Ari Setiawan, Eko Arif Syaefudin
Currently, research on natural fiber composites (NFC) for automotive applications has attracted the attention of researchers and academics. Natural fibers such as coconut fiber and wood powder are mixed with metal materials such as aluminum and copper to obtain the composite characteristics of automatic motorcycle clutch pad materials. Coconut fiber and wood powder are suitable natural materials for composites and are easily obtained from waste. Natural fiber materials with metal reinforcement into composites are expected to produce materials suitable for friction materials such as clutch pads and brake pads with a good characteristic. This study aims to determine the characteristics of the coefficient of friction, wear, and hardness of NFC materials reinforced aluminum and copper powder for the performance of automatic motorcycle clutch pads. Experiments were carried out on various compositions of aluminum and copper powder. Tribometer testing was carried out to determine the friction coefficient and wear. Hardness testing using the Vickers method and testing the performance of automatic motorbikes with a chassis dyno test. The results show that the performances of the clutch pad with NFC-reinforced aluminum and copper show power and torque results that resemble the performances of genuine part materials in each operating cycle. The value of friction coefficient, wear, and hardness of this material are a value close to that of a genuine part clutch pad material. The improved performance of this material is expected to be considered in the manufacture of future clutch pads.
{"title":"Characteristics of Natural Fiber Composites Materials Reinforced with Aluminum and Copper Powder for The Performance of Automatic Motorcycle Clutch Pad","authors":"Riyadi Riyadi, Ahmad Kholil, Januar Parlaungan Siregar, Siska Titik Dwiyati, Danang Budi Pratama, Ari Setiawan, Eko Arif Syaefudin","doi":"10.31603/ae.8878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/ae.8878","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, research on natural fiber composites (NFC) for automotive applications has attracted the attention of researchers and academics. Natural fibers such as coconut fiber and wood powder are mixed with metal materials such as aluminum and copper to obtain the composite characteristics of automatic motorcycle clutch pad materials. Coconut fiber and wood powder are suitable natural materials for composites and are easily obtained from waste. Natural fiber materials with metal reinforcement into composites are expected to produce materials suitable for friction materials such as clutch pads and brake pads with a good characteristic. This study aims to determine the characteristics of the coefficient of friction, wear, and hardness of NFC materials reinforced aluminum and copper powder for the performance of automatic motorcycle clutch pads. Experiments were carried out on various compositions of aluminum and copper powder. Tribometer testing was carried out to determine the friction coefficient and wear. Hardness testing using the Vickers method and testing the performance of automatic motorbikes with a chassis dyno test. The results show that the performances of the clutch pad with NFC-reinforced aluminum and copper show power and torque results that resemble the performances of genuine part materials in each operating cycle. The value of friction coefficient, wear, and hardness of this material are a value close to that of a genuine part clutch pad material. The improved performance of this material is expected to be considered in the manufacture of future clutch pads.","PeriodicalId":36133,"journal":{"name":"Automotive Experiences","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135181285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M Hanifuddin, Muhammad Faja Taufiqurrahman, Tri Aji Setyawan, Riesta Anggarani, Cahyo Setyo Wibowo, Bambang Sugiarto
Several types of alternative fuels have been developed to replace fossil fuels. Alcohols, such as ethanol and methanol, can be blended with gasoline for spark ignition (SI) engines. High octane number and oxygen content in alcohol can increase combustion efficiency. Therefore, our current research investigates the effect of high concentrations of ethanol and methanol mixed in 90 RON gasoline. The mixture was implemented in a 150 cc single-cylinder four-stroke spark ignition (SI) engine without any modifications. Engine testing was carried out with wide-open throttle (WOT) and different engine speeds from 4000 to 10000 rpm. Torque, power, and Air Fuel Ratio (AFR) were measured during experiments on a chassis dynamometer. Our test results found that the higher the methanol fraction in the mixture, the lower the torque generated. To improve engine performance, further research is needed on modified engines so that optimal conditions can be identified.
{"title":"Performance of a Single-Cylinder Four-Stroke Engine with High Concentrations of Gasoline-Ethanol-Methanol (GEM)","authors":"M Hanifuddin, Muhammad Faja Taufiqurrahman, Tri Aji Setyawan, Riesta Anggarani, Cahyo Setyo Wibowo, Bambang Sugiarto","doi":"10.31603/ae.9332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/ae.9332","url":null,"abstract":"Several types of alternative fuels have been developed to replace fossil fuels. Alcohols, such as ethanol and methanol, can be blended with gasoline for spark ignition (SI) engines. High octane number and oxygen content in alcohol can increase combustion efficiency. Therefore, our current research investigates the effect of high concentrations of ethanol and methanol mixed in 90 RON gasoline. The mixture was implemented in a 150 cc single-cylinder four-stroke spark ignition (SI) engine without any modifications. Engine testing was carried out with wide-open throttle (WOT) and different engine speeds from 4000 to 10000 rpm. Torque, power, and Air Fuel Ratio (AFR) were measured during experiments on a chassis dynamometer. Our test results found that the higher the methanol fraction in the mixture, the lower the torque generated. To improve engine performance, further research is needed on modified engines so that optimal conditions can be identified.","PeriodicalId":36133,"journal":{"name":"Automotive Experiences","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135182217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yusuf Dewantoro Herlambang, Wahyu Sulistiyo, Margana Margana, Nanang Apriandi, Marliyati Marliyati, Muji Setiyo, Jin Cherng Shyu
A fuel cell power generation system is a renewable energy system that works based on electrochemical processes and produces a direct electric current (DC). Specifically, a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell can operate at low temperatures and produce an efficiency of around 40-60%. In this study, the performance test of the PEM Fuel Cell for power generation was carried out by supplying hydrogen gas using hydrogen from the electrolysis of the hydrogen generator with a variation of KOH catalyst solution with a concentration of 0.5 M; 1.0 M; 1.5 M; 2 M and using Ultra High Purity (UHP) hydrogen with various flow rates of 250 mL/min, 300 mL/min, 350 mL/min, 400 mL/min, 450 mL/min, and 500 mL/min. The test results showed that the output power of hydrogen produced by the electrolysis process was 10.8 W at a concentration of 1 M solutions at an input current of 20 A. The greater the concentration of the catalyst solution, the smaller the electrical power required for the electrolysis process. However, the hydrogen power supply produced by the hydrogen generator was not optimal, so it did not meet the needs of the PEM Fuel Cell. As a result, the PEM Fuel Cell could not work. Meanwhile, testing with UHP hydrogen produced the highest electrical power of 31.588 W at a flow rate of 450 mL/min with a load of 20 W. It indicates that the PEM Fuel Cell is optimal at the output power value with an efficiency of 69.80%.
{"title":"Application of a PEM Fuel Cell Engine as a Small-Scale Power Generator for Small Cars with Different Fuel Concentrations","authors":"Yusuf Dewantoro Herlambang, Wahyu Sulistiyo, Margana Margana, Nanang Apriandi, Marliyati Marliyati, Muji Setiyo, Jin Cherng Shyu","doi":"10.31603/ae.9225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/ae.9225","url":null,"abstract":"A fuel cell power generation system is a renewable energy system that works based on electrochemical processes and produces a direct electric current (DC). Specifically, a Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell can operate at low temperatures and produce an efficiency of around 40-60%. In this study, the performance test of the PEM Fuel Cell for power generation was carried out by supplying hydrogen gas using hydrogen from the electrolysis of the hydrogen generator with a variation of KOH catalyst solution with a concentration of 0.5 M; 1.0 M; 1.5 M; 2 M and using Ultra High Purity (UHP) hydrogen with various flow rates of 250 mL/min, 300 mL/min, 350 mL/min, 400 mL/min, 450 mL/min, and 500 mL/min. The test results showed that the output power of hydrogen produced by the electrolysis process was 10.8 W at a concentration of 1 M solutions at an input current of 20 A. The greater the concentration of the catalyst solution, the smaller the electrical power required for the electrolysis process. However, the hydrogen power supply produced by the hydrogen generator was not optimal, so it did not meet the needs of the PEM Fuel Cell. As a result, the PEM Fuel Cell could not work. Meanwhile, testing with UHP hydrogen produced the highest electrical power of 31.588 W at a flow rate of 450 mL/min with a load of 20 W. It indicates that the PEM Fuel Cell is optimal at the output power value with an efficiency of 69.80%.","PeriodicalId":36133,"journal":{"name":"Automotive Experiences","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135181646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the barriers that the Lean Six Sigma implementation faces during the assembly of electric vehicles. In order to implement lean Six Sigma methodology in electric vehicle assembly processes effectively, it is crucial to identify and analyze the barriers that hinder process improvement. To identify the obstacles and create a conceptual model, a thorough literature review was conducted. Four factors, namely, integration of assembly, inspection, and testing, lack of trained and knowledgeable human resources, external and in-plant battery transportation, and manual assembly and rigid automation, were found to have the potential to affect the lean Six Sigma implementation. Three drivers, namely assembly cost, assembly time, and assembly effort were selected for the study. The model is then tested using the structural equation modeling and the gathered data. The results show a significant relationship between the three drivers and the four barriers of Lean Six Sigma implementation to the electric vehicle assembly.
{"title":"SEM Approach for Analysis of Lean Six Sigma Barriers to Electric Vehicle Assembly","authors":"Atul Madhukar Zope, Raju Kumar Swami, Atul Patil","doi":"10.31603/ae.9690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/ae.9690","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the barriers that the Lean Six Sigma implementation faces during the assembly of electric vehicles. In order to implement lean Six Sigma methodology in electric vehicle assembly processes effectively, it is crucial to identify and analyze the barriers that hinder process improvement. To identify the obstacles and create a conceptual model, a thorough literature review was conducted. Four factors, namely, integration of assembly, inspection, and testing, lack of trained and knowledgeable human resources, external and in-plant battery transportation, and manual assembly and rigid automation, were found to have the potential to affect the lean Six Sigma implementation. Three drivers, namely assembly cost, assembly time, and assembly effort were selected for the study. The model is then tested using the structural equation modeling and the gathered data. The results show a significant relationship between the three drivers and the four barriers of Lean Six Sigma implementation to the electric vehicle assembly.","PeriodicalId":36133,"journal":{"name":"Automotive Experiences","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135181649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amrina Rasyada Zubir, Khisbullah Hudha, Zulkiffli Abd Kadir, Noor Hafizah Amer
The effectiveness of a vehicle crash system depends on how well it can simulate the behavior of a real vehicle in a crash scenario and accurately identifies the correct working limits of the model parameters, including mass, spring, and damper. Therefore, this study explores the modelling vehicle front crumple zone to represent the behaviors of real crash scenario. The modelling process using Kamal approach is used to develop a precise vehicle crash model for analyzing the impact of a collision on both the vehicle and its passengers. In this study, a complex mass-spring-damper system representing the front crumple zone of an actual car is re-designed to modify the existing vehicle crash model. The gravitational search algorithm (GSA) is implemented in the simulation model's code to obtain optimized values of damping coefficient (c) and spring constant (k). The simulation results show that the deformation response of crumple zone and the deceleration response of vehicle body match the experimental results, indicating the model's accuracy. Additionally, this study investigates the effects of varying the GSA parameters' number of agents (N), the beta parameter (β), and the gravitational constant (G) to improve the model's accuracy by minimizing the root mean square error (RMSE) between model response and crash test data. The optimal GSA parameter chosen in this study were N = 50, β = 0.3, and G = 20 with the lowest RMSE of 22.3874, 22.26664, and 23.86638 respectively.
车辆碰撞系统的有效性取决于它能否很好地模拟真实车辆在碰撞场景中的行为，并准确识别模型参数(包括质量、弹簧和阻尼器)的正确工作极限。因此，本研究探索了模拟车辆前皱区来代表真实碰撞场景的行为。使用Kamal方法的建模过程用于开发精确的车辆碰撞模型，以分析碰撞对车辆和乘客的影响。在本研究中，重新设计了一个复杂的质量-弹簧-阻尼系统，代表了一辆实际汽车的前皱区，以修改现有的汽车碰撞模型。在仿真模型代码中执行重力搜索算法(GSA)，得到阻尼系数c和弹簧常数k的优化值。仿真结果表明，皱缩区变形响应和车身减速响应与实验结果吻合，表明模型的准确性。此外，本文还研究了GSA参数(agent number of agent, N)、beta参数(beta parameter， β)和重力常数(gravity constant, G)的变化对最小化模型响应与碰撞试验数据之间的均方根误差(root mean square error, RMSE)来提高模型精度的影响。本研究选择的最佳GSA参数为N = 50， β = 0.3, G = 20, RMSE最低分别为22.3874,22.26664,23.86638。
{"title":"Enhanced Modeling of Crumple Zone in Vehicle Crash Simulation Using Modified Kamal Model Optimized with Gravitational Search Algorithm","authors":"Amrina Rasyada Zubir, Khisbullah Hudha, Zulkiffli Abd Kadir, Noor Hafizah Amer","doi":"10.31603/ae.9289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/ae.9289","url":null,"abstract":"The effectiveness of a vehicle crash system depends on how well it can simulate the behavior of a real vehicle in a crash scenario and accurately identifies the correct working limits of the model parameters, including mass, spring, and damper. Therefore, this study explores the modelling vehicle front crumple zone to represent the behaviors of real crash scenario. The modelling process using Kamal approach is used to develop a precise vehicle crash model for analyzing the impact of a collision on both the vehicle and its passengers. In this study, a complex mass-spring-damper system representing the front crumple zone of an actual car is re-designed to modify the existing vehicle crash model. The gravitational search algorithm (GSA) is implemented in the simulation model's code to obtain optimized values of damping coefficient (c) and spring constant (k). The simulation results show that the deformation response of crumple zone and the deceleration response of vehicle body match the experimental results, indicating the model's accuracy. Additionally, this study investigates the effects of varying the GSA parameters' number of agents (N), the beta parameter (β), and the gravitational constant (G) to improve the model's accuracy by minimizing the root mean square error (RMSE) between model response and crash test data. The optimal GSA parameter chosen in this study were N = 50, β = 0.3, and G = 20 with the lowest RMSE of 22.3874, 22.26664, and 23.86638 respectively.","PeriodicalId":36133,"journal":{"name":"Automotive Experiences","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135182215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Failure of the braking system is one of the factors causing traffic accidents, therefore periodic testing of goods transport vehicles is very important. In fact, the incidence rate is still very high despite routine testing. Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) for periodic testing must be updated to reduce the risk of possible accidents. Therefore, procedures for updating the SOP for periodic brake system testing are presented in this article. The Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) and Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) methods were applied based on accident investigation data from the National Transportation Safety Committee (NTSC) from 2017 to 2022. FTA is used for risk identification, while FMEA is used for risk analysis to find the highest-risk failure cases. The results of our analysis showed that 13 failure cases were classified as intolerable so additional SOPs were required for each case. Finally, the results of this study provide new insights for stakeholders to revise the rules regarding periodic vehicle testing.
{"title":"Enhancing Brake System Evaluation in Periodic Testing of Goods Transport Vehicles through FTA-FMEA Risk Analysis","authors":"Irfan Ansori, Dwitya Harits Waskito, Mutharuddin Mutharuddin, Novi Irawati, Sinung Nugroho, Tetty Sulastri Mardiana, Subaryata Subaryata, Nurul Aldha Mauliddina Siregar","doi":"10.31603/ae.8394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/ae.8394","url":null,"abstract":"Failure of the braking system is one of the factors causing traffic accidents, therefore periodic testing of goods transport vehicles is very important. In fact, the incidence rate is still very high despite routine testing. Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) for periodic testing must be updated to reduce the risk of possible accidents. Therefore, procedures for updating the SOP for periodic brake system testing are presented in this article. The Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) and Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) methods were applied based on accident investigation data from the National Transportation Safety Committee (NTSC) from 2017 to 2022. FTA is used for risk identification, while FMEA is used for risk analysis to find the highest-risk failure cases. The results of our analysis showed that 13 failure cases were classified as intolerable so additional SOPs were required for each case. Finally, the results of this study provide new insights for stakeholders to revise the rules regarding periodic vehicle testing.","PeriodicalId":36133,"journal":{"name":"Automotive Experiences","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135139353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To minimize potential health hazards, there is awareness to avoid asbestos fibers in brake pads. Therefore, this study aims to produce composite brake pads using Elaeocarpus ganitrus seed powder as a substitute for asbestos. The composition of Elaeocarpus ganitrus seed powder was varied from 8%, 10%, and 12% by weight. The properties of the brake pads, including their morphology, physical characteristics, mechanical performance, and wear behavior, were thoroughly investigated and analyzed. The experimental results showed a positive correlation between the addition of 12% by weight of Elaeocarpus ganitrus and the increase in the density and hardness of the resulting sample. In addition, wear resistance increases with increasing percentage of Elaeocarpus ganitrus. Samples containing 12% by weight of Elaeocarpus ganitrus seed powder gave better properties compared to other composite samples. The research findings indicate that Elaeocarpus ganitrus particles can be an alternative to asbestos in the manufacture of brake pads.
{"title":"Fabrication and Characterization of Asbestos Free Brake Pads Composite using Elaeocarpus Ganitrus as Reinforcement","authors":"Mohamad Afiefudin, Rahmat Doni Widodo, Rusiyanto Rusiyanto","doi":"10.31603/ae.9367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/ae.9367","url":null,"abstract":"To minimize potential health hazards, there is awareness to avoid asbestos fibers in brake pads. Therefore, this study aims to produce composite brake pads using Elaeocarpus ganitrus seed powder as a substitute for asbestos. The composition of Elaeocarpus ganitrus seed powder was varied from 8%, 10%, and 12% by weight. The properties of the brake pads, including their morphology, physical characteristics, mechanical performance, and wear behavior, were thoroughly investigated and analyzed. The experimental results showed a positive correlation between the addition of 12% by weight of Elaeocarpus ganitrus and the increase in the density and hardness of the resulting sample. In addition, wear resistance increases with increasing percentage of Elaeocarpus ganitrus. Samples containing 12% by weight of Elaeocarpus ganitrus seed powder gave better properties compared to other composite samples. The research findings indicate that Elaeocarpus ganitrus particles can be an alternative to asbestos in the manufacture of brake pads.","PeriodicalId":36133,"journal":{"name":"Automotive Experiences","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135182216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biofuel production and its properties improvisation are the wide areas of research in internal combustion (IC) engines. This research derived biofuel from industrial chicken waste. Nanofuels were produced in this study by adding 40 nm-sized nanoparticles of carbon nanotube (CNT) and manganese oxide (MnO) with a variation of 100 to 200 ppm to the derived oil. Four fuel blends (biofuel (B), B with CNT, B with MnO, and B with CNT+MnO) were compared to the performance of diesel fuel in a 3.5 kW CI engine. The combustion process (peak pressure and heat release), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), and exhaust emissions (CO, HC, NOx, and CO2) were used as parameters to evaluate the fuel’s performance. The result revealed that nanofuel outperformed both diesel fuel and biofuel. The addition of 200 ppm CNT in biofuel enhanced the fuel properties, resulting in higher BTE by 28% and 9.7% compared to diesel fuel and biofuel. The CNT-biofuel also generated fewer emissions compared to diesel fuel by 26%, 9.4%, and 25% for NOx, HC, and CO gases respectively.
{"title":"Performance of IC Engines Using Chicken Waste as Biofuel, CNT and MnO Nano-Biofuels and Diesel Fuel: A Comparation Study","authors":"Sathish Thanikodi, Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa, Abdi Hanra Sebayang, Suchart Siengchin","doi":"10.31603/ae.9556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/ae.9556","url":null,"abstract":"Biofuel production and its properties improvisation are the wide areas of research in internal combustion (IC) engines. This research derived biofuel from industrial chicken waste. Nanofuels were produced in this study by adding 40 nm-sized nanoparticles of carbon nanotube (CNT) and manganese oxide (MnO) with a variation of 100 to 200 ppm to the derived oil. Four fuel blends (biofuel (B), B with CNT, B with MnO, and B with CNT+MnO) were compared to the performance of diesel fuel in a 3.5 kW CI engine. The combustion process (peak pressure and heat release), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), and exhaust emissions (CO, HC, NOx, and CO2) were used as parameters to evaluate the fuel’s performance. The result revealed that nanofuel outperformed both diesel fuel and biofuel. The addition of 200 ppm CNT in biofuel enhanced the fuel properties, resulting in higher BTE by 28% and 9.7% compared to diesel fuel and biofuel. The CNT-biofuel also generated fewer emissions compared to diesel fuel by 26%, 9.4%, and 25% for NOx, HC, and CO gases respectively.","PeriodicalId":36133,"journal":{"name":"Automotive Experiences","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135181648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Syamsuir Syamsuir, Ferry Budhi Susetyo, Bambang Soegijono, Sigit Dwi Yudanto, Basori Basori, Maman Kartaman Ajiriyanto, Daniel Edbert, Evi Ulina Margaretha Situmorang, Dwi Nanto, Cahaya Rosyidan
This study examines the influence of the application of a rotating magnetic field in the electrodeposition of copper (Cu). During the electrodeposition, five constant magnets were rotated (500 and 800 rpm) towards the bottom of the sample. To investigate deposition rate, surface morphology, phase, structure, corrosion resistance, and hardness in deposited Cu using a weighing scale, a scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), potentiodynamic polarization, and hardness tester respectively. Bacterial activity was also evaluated through this research. Morphological surface observations showed that the increase in the rotational speed of the magnets during the electrodeposition process led to a smooth surface. A perfect Cu phase covers Al alloy with no oxide. The potentiodynamic polarization demonstrated by the increase in the rotating led to a shift to the more positive value of the corrosion potential. Moreover, the corrosion current also decreases with the increase in the rotating speed of the magnets. Less crystallite size promoted forming a higher hardness and inhibition zone of the Cu films.
{"title":"Rotating-Magnetic-Field-Assisted Electrodeposition of Copper for Ambulance Medical Equipment","authors":"Syamsuir Syamsuir, Ferry Budhi Susetyo, Bambang Soegijono, Sigit Dwi Yudanto, Basori Basori, Maman Kartaman Ajiriyanto, Daniel Edbert, Evi Ulina Margaretha Situmorang, Dwi Nanto, Cahaya Rosyidan","doi":"10.31603/ae.9067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/ae.9067","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the influence of the application of a rotating magnetic field in the electrodeposition of copper (Cu). During the electrodeposition, five constant magnets were rotated (500 and 800 rpm) towards the bottom of the sample. To investigate deposition rate, surface morphology, phase, structure, corrosion resistance, and hardness in deposited Cu using a weighing scale, a scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), potentiodynamic polarization, and hardness tester respectively. Bacterial activity was also evaluated through this research. Morphological surface observations showed that the increase in the rotational speed of the magnets during the electrodeposition process led to a smooth surface. A perfect Cu phase covers Al alloy with no oxide. The potentiodynamic polarization demonstrated by the increase in the rotating led to a shift to the more positive value of the corrosion potential. Moreover, the corrosion current also decreases with the increase in the rotating speed of the magnets. Less crystallite size promoted forming a higher hardness and inhibition zone of the Cu films.","PeriodicalId":36133,"journal":{"name":"Automotive Experiences","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135182218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The issues of optimising economic and labour costs take a significant place in the production activities of transport companies. They depend on the socio-economic situation, objective reasons of production nature, availability of appropriate material and technical bases, as well as effective use and competence of enterprise management. It seems relevant to establish a transport enterprise programme to increase operational efficiency. Therefore, research outlines the characteristics of the work programme (order portfolios) of car service stations in the current environment and focuses on ensuring their stability. Mathematical modelling and methods of mathematical and statistical analysis served as principal tools, although analysis, synthesis, comparison and other methodologies were also significant. The authors represent the car service station production programme as the sum of failures and faults arriving at the enterprise in random order. The results of the experimental studies underwent analysis based on probability theory and mathematical statistics, where mathematical models of the annual programme and the probabilities of its distribution in a given time interval were obtained. The authors recommend measures to optimise the production programme by ensuring uniform loading of car service station structures. It can study numerous theoretical issues during the design phase of production sites and make accurate predictions. There are theoretical methodologies based on certain results, which are suitable for the design of road transport services. One of them is a calculation of the enterprise's annual program based on a grouping of the number of vehicles coming into the site. The work brings new regard to the shape of the programmes related to car service providers.
{"title":"Justification of the Annual Program of the Transport Company","authors":"Akhmet Murzagaliyev, Akzharkyn Balgynova, Alibek Murzagaliyev, Nurlybek Myrzabekov, Nurzhan Bakytzhanov","doi":"10.31603/ae.9397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/ae.9397","url":null,"abstract":"The issues of optimising economic and labour costs take a significant place in the production activities of transport companies. They depend on the socio-economic situation, objective reasons of production nature, availability of appropriate material and technical bases, as well as effective use and competence of enterprise management. It seems relevant to establish a transport enterprise programme to increase operational efficiency. Therefore, research outlines the characteristics of the work programme (order portfolios) of car service stations in the current environment and focuses on ensuring their stability. Mathematical modelling and methods of mathematical and statistical analysis served as principal tools, although analysis, synthesis, comparison and other methodologies were also significant. The authors represent the car service station production programme as the sum of failures and faults arriving at the enterprise in random order. The results of the experimental studies underwent analysis based on probability theory and mathematical statistics, where mathematical models of the annual programme and the probabilities of its distribution in a given time interval were obtained. The authors recommend measures to optimise the production programme by ensuring uniform loading of car service station structures. It can study numerous theoretical issues during the design phase of production sites and make accurate predictions. There are theoretical methodologies based on certain results, which are suitable for the design of road transport services. One of them is a calculation of the enterprise's annual program based on a grouping of the number of vehicles coming into the site. The work brings new regard to the shape of the programmes related to car service providers.","PeriodicalId":36133,"journal":{"name":"Automotive Experiences","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135181097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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