Xiaotao Fei, Han Shenrui, Shaw Voon Wong, Muhammad Amin Azman, Han Yunwu
Multi-bridge centralized drive wheel loaders can produce parasitic power to waste energy and aggravate tire wear. Distributed Electric Wheel Loader(DEWL) is a new structure with two drive motors that can be controlled independently or in concert. Hence, this study investigates the mechanical characteristics of DEWL in its shoveling condition. Firstly, for the DEWL, dynamic models are established including running and shoveling conditions, on the basis of automobile theory. Secondly, a simplified structural model of DEWL is used to construct the mechanical equations, and the theoretical derivation is utilized to analyze the forces on wheels during different driving modes of running and shoveling conditions. Finally, the free shoveling of dry sands and gravel materials is tested by a ZL50GV-EV DEWL, and the drive forces of three drive modes on horizontal concrete pavement are tested. The results show that the parasitic power is generated when the driving motor has a larger speed than that of the other motor, which is caused by the movement of the loader's center of gravity. The driving torques generated by the motors are basically the same when the DEWL is in front-drive mode and rear-drive mode at the setting speed of 600rpm, whether it is running forward or backward, with a torque fluctuation of 0.16%-1.28% and a power fluctuation of 0.02%-1.29%. The DEWL consumes more power in dual-drive mode than in single drive if it is controlled in speed-target mode.
{"title":"Mechanical Characteristics of Distributed Electric Wheel Loader in Shoveling Condition","authors":"Xiaotao Fei, Han Shenrui, Shaw Voon Wong, Muhammad Amin Azman, Han Yunwu","doi":"10.31603/ae.9024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/ae.9024","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-bridge centralized drive wheel loaders can produce parasitic power to waste energy and aggravate tire wear. Distributed Electric Wheel Loader(DEWL) is a new structure with two drive motors that can be controlled independently or in concert. Hence, this study investigates the mechanical characteristics of DEWL in its shoveling condition. Firstly, for the DEWL, dynamic models are established including running and shoveling conditions, on the basis of automobile theory. Secondly, a simplified structural model of DEWL is used to construct the mechanical equations, and the theoretical derivation is utilized to analyze the forces on wheels during different driving modes of running and shoveling conditions. Finally, the free shoveling of dry sands and gravel materials is tested by a ZL50GV-EV DEWL, and the drive forces of three drive modes on horizontal concrete pavement are tested. The results show that the parasitic power is generated when the driving motor has a larger speed than that of the other motor, which is caused by the movement of the loader's center of gravity. The driving torques generated by the motors are basically the same when the DEWL is in front-drive mode and rear-drive mode at the setting speed of 600rpm, whether it is running forward or backward, with a torque fluctuation of 0.16%-1.28% and a power fluctuation of 0.02%-1.29%. The DEWL consumes more power in dual-drive mode than in single drive if it is controlled in speed-target mode.","PeriodicalId":36133,"journal":{"name":"Automotive Experiences","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135139352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Khafidh, Finny Pratama Putera, Rahmadi Yotenka, Deni Fajar Fitriyana, Rahmat Doni Widodo, Rifky Ismail, Agustinus Purna Irawan, Tezara Cionita, Januar Parlaungan Siregar, Nur Hidayah Ismail
The use of composite materials in brake pads is becoming increasingly popular due to their high-performance characteristics, including good thermal stability, high wear resistance, and low noise generation. However, the development of new composite materials that offer even better performance is still an ongoing research area. In this study, the composite was made by hand layup method using epoxy resin as matrix material, with rice husk, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 as reinforcing materials. The composition of the composites was varied by changing the percentage of the reinforcement materials. The composites were then subjected to several characterization tests, including density, hardness, flexural strength, thermal analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), TGA/DSC, and wear testing. The test results showed that additional reinforcement materials to the epoxy resin matrix improved the mechanical properties of the composites. Overall, the study demonstrates that a hand layup method is a viable approach for preparing brake pad composite materials and that the addition of rice husk, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 can improve the mechanical properties of the composites. The best properties produced in this research were found in one of the specimens which used epoxy, rice husk, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 with a composition of 50 wt.%, 20 wt.%, 15 wt.%, and 15 wt.%. However, the addition of rice husk also provides wear resistance and thermal stability. This study contributes to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by advancing innovation, promoting sustainability, and reducing emissions in automotive industry applications.
{"title":"A Study on Characteristics of Brake Pad Composite Materials by Varying the Composition of Epoxy, Rice Husk, Al2O3, and Fe2O3","authors":"Muhammad Khafidh, Finny Pratama Putera, Rahmadi Yotenka, Deni Fajar Fitriyana, Rahmat Doni Widodo, Rifky Ismail, Agustinus Purna Irawan, Tezara Cionita, Januar Parlaungan Siregar, Nur Hidayah Ismail","doi":"10.31603/ae.9121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/ae.9121","url":null,"abstract":"The use of composite materials in brake pads is becoming increasingly popular due to their high-performance characteristics, including good thermal stability, high wear resistance, and low noise generation. However, the development of new composite materials that offer even better performance is still an ongoing research area. In this study, the composite was made by hand layup method using epoxy resin as matrix material, with rice husk, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 as reinforcing materials. The composition of the composites was varied by changing the percentage of the reinforcement materials. The composites were then subjected to several characterization tests, including density, hardness, flexural strength, thermal analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), TGA/DSC, and wear testing. The test results showed that additional reinforcement materials to the epoxy resin matrix improved the mechanical properties of the composites. Overall, the study demonstrates that a hand layup method is a viable approach for preparing brake pad composite materials and that the addition of rice husk, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 can improve the mechanical properties of the composites. The best properties produced in this research were found in one of the specimens which used epoxy, rice husk, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 with a composition of 50 wt.%, 20 wt.%, 15 wt.%, and 15 wt.%. However, the addition of rice husk also provides wear resistance and thermal stability. This study contributes to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by advancing innovation, promoting sustainability, and reducing emissions in automotive industry applications.","PeriodicalId":36133,"journal":{"name":"Automotive Experiences","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135182219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bambang Sulistyo, Herminarto Sofyan, Thomas Sukardi, Agus Widyianto
This study successfully investigated the engine performance and emission characteristics of a dual injection system that uses both gasoline and ethanol fuels. The study utilized a microcontroller-based control system (PGM-FI) to substitute ethanol fuel injection for gasoline injection. Ethanol fuel was injected at the inlet with three different pressures: 1.0 bar, 1.2 bar, and 1.4 bar, while gasoline injector pressure was fixed at 2 bar. Results showed that substituting ethanol injection with a pressure of 1 bar resulted in a slight decrease in torque and power, but it was the best compared to the other pressures tested. The study found that the use of ethanol injection resulted in improved fuel economy at an ethanol injector pressure of 1 bar with a reduction in SFC of 8.89%. Exhaust emissions were also reduced, with a maximum reduction in CO emissions of 42.54% occurring at a pressure of 1 bar. Similarly, the lowest HC content in exhaust gas was observed at a pressure of 1 bar, which was reduced by 44.48%. However, the results highlighted that ethanol injection pressure could significantly reduce fuel consumption for case A-04 and increase the air-fuel ratio.
{"title":"Performance and Emission Characteristics Using Dual Injection System of Gasoline and Ethanol","authors":"Bambang Sulistyo, Herminarto Sofyan, Thomas Sukardi, Agus Widyianto","doi":"10.31603/ae.8070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/ae.8070","url":null,"abstract":"This study successfully investigated the engine performance and emission characteristics of a dual injection system that uses both gasoline and ethanol fuels. The study utilized a microcontroller-based control system (PGM-FI) to substitute ethanol fuel injection for gasoline injection. Ethanol fuel was injected at the inlet with three different pressures: 1.0 bar, 1.2 bar, and 1.4 bar, while gasoline injector pressure was fixed at 2 bar. Results showed that substituting ethanol injection with a pressure of 1 bar resulted in a slight decrease in torque and power, but it was the best compared to the other pressures tested. The study found that the use of ethanol injection resulted in improved fuel economy at an ethanol injector pressure of 1 bar with a reduction in SFC of 8.89%. Exhaust emissions were also reduced, with a maximum reduction in CO emissions of 42.54% occurring at a pressure of 1 bar. Similarly, the lowest HC content in exhaust gas was observed at a pressure of 1 bar, which was reduced by 44.48%. However, the results highlighted that ethanol injection pressure could significantly reduce fuel consumption for case A-04 and increase the air-fuel ratio.","PeriodicalId":36133,"journal":{"name":"Automotive Experiences","volume":"498 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135542863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nidzamuddin Md Yusof, Juffrizal Karjanto, Muhammad Zahir Hassan, Syabillah Sulaiman, Abd Fathul Hakim Zulkifli, Ahmad Azad Ab Rashid, Zulhaidi Mohd Jawi, Khairil Anwar Abu Kassim
Traffic accidents at night are higher than in other periods, especially on a dark road. This study explores the impact of the dark road on driver behaviours when approaching a parked or slowed-moving vehicle at the front. An experiment was conducted on a racing track at night, with and without road lighting. Different sizes of obstacles were used to represent other vehicles as a lorry, a car, and a motorcycle. The results show that the obstacles can be detected by drivers much earlier with the help of road lighting, and they tend to increase their speed, probably preparing to overtake the obstacles.
{"title":"Effect of Road Darkness on Young Driver Behaviour when Approaching Parked or Slow-moving Vehicles in Malaysia","authors":"Nidzamuddin Md Yusof, Juffrizal Karjanto, Muhammad Zahir Hassan, Syabillah Sulaiman, Abd Fathul Hakim Zulkifli, Ahmad Azad Ab Rashid, Zulhaidi Mohd Jawi, Khairil Anwar Abu Kassim","doi":"10.31603/ae.8206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/ae.8206","url":null,"abstract":"Traffic accidents at night are higher than in other periods, especially on a dark road. This study explores the impact of the dark road on driver behaviours when approaching a parked or slowed-moving vehicle at the front. An experiment was conducted on a racing track at night, with and without road lighting. Different sizes of obstacles were used to represent other vehicles as a lorry, a car, and a motorcycle. The results show that the obstacles can be detected by drivers much earlier with the help of road lighting, and they tend to increase their speed, probably preparing to overtake the obstacles.","PeriodicalId":36133,"journal":{"name":"Automotive Experiences","volume":"184 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135813094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rusli Majuma, Mohamad Heerwan Bin Peeie, Kerisvin Ondong, Othman Abu Hassan
The use of vehicles in Malaysia has become a need and important to commute to the workplace and commercial business transportation. This necessity resulted in an increase in the number of cars on the road that eventually increase the number of accidents that resulted in the loss of life which is also one of the leading killers in Malaysia. Deriving from this phenomenon, car maintenance especially brake systems has become imperative that eventually become the main objective of this research to investigate the effect of different road terrains to brake pad wear. The experimental vehicle is operated in two different road terrains namely hilly and flat roads and each road terrain is set to complete 1000km of investigation traveled distance. Three main investigation parameters are brake pad thickness wear, the temperature generated from rubbing the brake pad with the rotor, and the brake force applied on the brake pedal. A CANedge external onboard diagnostic (OBD) logger is used to collect real-time data on the relevant parameters from the vehicle’s ECU for analysis. The result from the experiments found that the average brake pad wear rate during hilly roads is 53% higher than that of flat roads. Likewise, brake pad temperature generation on a hilly road is 34% higher than that on a flat road. However, the brake pedal force applied during braking is 60% higher on flat roads compared to on hilly roads. From the findings, data from the vehicle OBD2 and the brake pad wear can be analyzed to provide an electronic signal for indication of timely maintenance for the brake pad.
{"title":"Investigation of Brake Pad Wear Effect due to Temperature Generation Influenced by Brake Stepping Count on Different Road Terrains","authors":"Rusli Majuma, Mohamad Heerwan Bin Peeie, Kerisvin Ondong, Othman Abu Hassan","doi":"10.31603/ae.8869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/ae.8869","url":null,"abstract":"The use of vehicles in Malaysia has become a need and important to commute to the workplace and commercial business transportation. This necessity resulted in an increase in the number of cars on the road that eventually increase the number of accidents that resulted in the loss of life which is also one of the leading killers in Malaysia. Deriving from this phenomenon, car maintenance especially brake systems has become imperative that eventually become the main objective of this research to investigate the effect of different road terrains to brake pad wear. The experimental vehicle is operated in two different road terrains namely hilly and flat roads and each road terrain is set to complete 1000km of investigation traveled distance. Three main investigation parameters are brake pad thickness wear, the temperature generated from rubbing the brake pad with the rotor, and the brake force applied on the brake pedal. A CANedge external onboard diagnostic (OBD) logger is used to collect real-time data on the relevant parameters from the vehicle’s ECU for analysis. The result from the experiments found that the average brake pad wear rate during hilly roads is 53% higher than that of flat roads. Likewise, brake pad temperature generation on a hilly road is 34% higher than that on a flat road. However, the brake pedal force applied during braking is 60% higher on flat roads compared to on hilly roads. From the findings, data from the vehicle OBD2 and the brake pad wear can be analyzed to provide an electronic signal for indication of timely maintenance for the brake pad.","PeriodicalId":36133,"journal":{"name":"Automotive Experiences","volume":"231 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135813093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juanita Juanita, S. Suwarno, Muhamad Iqbal Sarifudin, Titus Hari Setiawan
The Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) in the Banyumas area, Central Java, aims to provide inter-regional connectivity in Purwokerto City and Purbalingga Regency. This is one of the six BRT corridors in Central Java launched in 2018. Therefore, this study aims to examine the development of BRT corridors based on transit-integrated land use along the corridor, after five years of operation. The primary survey was conducted on land use along the corridor at a radius of 200 m and 400 m from the BRT bus stop, which was analyzed using a qualitative descriptive method. As a result, BRT Corridor 1 in Central Java can be identified for bus-based transit development. First, BRT services have connected high to very high populations. Second, BRT shelters have good access to shopping centers, culinary centers, and artificial tourism within a 200 m and 400 m radius. Third, BRT shelters are also connected to other modes of public transportation. However, the results of our study found that the BRT shelters had not been connected to pedestrian facilities. Based on these three criteria, BRT Corridor 1 in Central Java is feasible to be developed as a sustainable public transport service. However, further studies are needed to link BRT shelters with pedestrian facilities, in order to create clean and sustainable mobility.
{"title":"Potential Development of Trans Central Java Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) Corridor 1 Towards Sustainable Mobility","authors":"Juanita Juanita, S. Suwarno, Muhamad Iqbal Sarifudin, Titus Hari Setiawan","doi":"10.31603/ae.8369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/ae.8369","url":null,"abstract":"The Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) in the Banyumas area, Central Java, aims to provide inter-regional connectivity in Purwokerto City and Purbalingga Regency. This is one of the six BRT corridors in Central Java launched in 2018. Therefore, this study aims to examine the development of BRT corridors based on transit-integrated land use along the corridor, after five years of operation. The primary survey was conducted on land use along the corridor at a radius of 200 m and 400 m from the BRT bus stop, which was analyzed using a qualitative descriptive method. As a result, BRT Corridor 1 in Central Java can be identified for bus-based transit development. First, BRT services have connected high to very high populations. Second, BRT shelters have good access to shopping centers, culinary centers, and artificial tourism within a 200 m and 400 m radius. Third, BRT shelters are also connected to other modes of public transportation. However, the results of our study found that the BRT shelters had not been connected to pedestrian facilities. Based on these three criteria, BRT Corridor 1 in Central Java is feasible to be developed as a sustainable public transport service. However, further studies are needed to link BRT shelters with pedestrian facilities, in order to create clean and sustainable mobility.","PeriodicalId":36133,"journal":{"name":"Automotive Experiences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44843133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, Metallic Catalytic Converter (MCC) is installed in motorcycle exhausts to produce the minimum CO as well as to produce the optimum engine power. The results from previous research were collected and then used to predict the best MCC design using the Artificial Neural Network Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (ANN-MOGA). In addition, the ANN parameter tuning process was also carried out using the Taguchi method to find the initial weighting and bias that is able to provide the best and the most stable performance to predict the best MCC design. The best two sets of design solutions out of 70 sets of Pareto solutions were obtained by ANN-MOGA. Those two MCC designs are the optimum emission design and the optimum multi-objective design. The verification results show that the optimum multi-objective design tends to be superior in terms of CO emissions and engine power. In terms of CO emissions, the optimum multi-objective design gets a larger S/N ratio of -10.98, while the optimum emission design only gets an S/N ratio of -11.21. Meanwhile, in terms of engine power, the optimum multi-objective design gets a larger S/N ratio of 16.13, while the optimum emission design only gets an S/N ratio of 15.86 S/N. It is in line with the ANOVA test results which show that the optimum multi-objective design is proven to be better than the optimum emission design.
{"title":"Design of Metallic Catalytic Converter using Pareto Optimization to Improve Engine Performance and Exhaust Emissions","authors":"S. Ariyanto, S. Suprayitno, Retno Wulandari","doi":"10.31603/ae.7977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/ae.7977","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, Metallic Catalytic Converter (MCC) is installed in motorcycle exhausts to produce the minimum CO as well as to produce the optimum engine power. The results from previous research were collected and then used to predict the best MCC design using the Artificial Neural Network Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (ANN-MOGA). In addition, the ANN parameter tuning process was also carried out using the Taguchi method to find the initial weighting and bias that is able to provide the best and the most stable performance to predict the best MCC design. The best two sets of design solutions out of 70 sets of Pareto solutions were obtained by ANN-MOGA. Those two MCC designs are the optimum emission design and the optimum multi-objective design. The verification results show that the optimum multi-objective design tends to be superior in terms of CO emissions and engine power. In terms of CO emissions, the optimum multi-objective design gets a larger S/N ratio of -10.98, while the optimum emission design only gets an S/N ratio of -11.21. Meanwhile, in terms of engine power, the optimum multi-objective design gets a larger S/N ratio of 16.13, while the optimum emission design only gets an S/N ratio of 15.86 S/N. It is in line with the ANOVA test results which show that the optimum multi-objective design is proven to be better than the optimum emission design.","PeriodicalId":36133,"journal":{"name":"Automotive Experiences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46648186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Munahar, M. Setiyo, Ray Adhan Brieghtera, M. Saudi, Azuan Ahmad, Dori Yuvenda
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is an affordable fuel with a higher octane number. However, older CNG kits without electronic controls have the potential to supply more fuel when driving downhill due to the vacuum in the intake manifold. Therefore, this article presents a development of a CNG control system that accommodates road inclination angles to improve fuel efficiency. Machine learning is involved in this work to process engine speed, throttle valve position, and road slope angle. The control system is designed to ensure reduced fuel consumption when the vehicle is operating downhill. The results showed that the control system increases fuel consumption by 25.7% when driving downhill which an inclination of 5ᵒ. The AFR increased from 17.5 to 22 and the CNG flow rate decreased from 17.7 liters/min to 13.8 liters/min which is promising for applying to CNG vehicles.
{"title":"Fuel Control System on CNG Fueled Vehicles using Machine Learning: A Case Study on the Downhill","authors":"S. Munahar, M. Setiyo, Ray Adhan Brieghtera, M. Saudi, Azuan Ahmad, Dori Yuvenda","doi":"10.31603/ae.8107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/ae.8107","url":null,"abstract":"Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is an affordable fuel with a higher octane number. However, older CNG kits without electronic controls have the potential to supply more fuel when driving downhill due to the vacuum in the intake manifold. Therefore, this article presents a development of a CNG control system that accommodates road inclination angles to improve fuel efficiency. Machine learning is involved in this work to process engine speed, throttle valve position, and road slope angle. The control system is designed to ensure reduced fuel consumption when the vehicle is operating downhill. The results showed that the control system increases fuel consumption by 25.7% when driving downhill which an inclination of 5ᵒ. The AFR increased from 17.5 to 22 and the CNG flow rate decreased from 17.7 liters/min to 13.8 liters/min which is promising for applying to CNG vehicles.","PeriodicalId":36133,"journal":{"name":"Automotive Experiences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45998400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Purwanto, J. Su, M. L. Rochman, Budi Waluyo, K. Krismadinata, A. Arif
Although the technology of fuel injection in motorcycles has reached ports and direct injection, motorcycles with carburetors are still used. In this research, the carburetor was modified by adding a swirling vane. This study is intended to provide an explanation regarding engine performance which includes torque, power, mileage, emissions, and engine oil temperature. The study begins with a review of the shape and flow characteristics of the swirling vane based on the largest flow according to previous studies. Then, a swirling vane is built and tested to ensure its optimal shape. The findings were compared with conventional carburetor-based engines that had not been treated. Experiments were also carried out on gasoline-ethanol to obtain optimal results and use them appropriately for alternative fuel applications. A comparison of data on torque, power, exhaust emissions, temperature, and mileage reveals that vehicles modified with swirling vanes have better performance. Furthermore, based on the results of gasoline-ethanol application tests, this design is only suitable for use up to E25.
{"title":"Study on the Addition of A Swirling Vane to Spark Ignition Engines Fueled by Gasoline and Gasoline-Ethanol","authors":"W. Purwanto, J. Su, M. L. Rochman, Budi Waluyo, K. Krismadinata, A. Arif","doi":"10.31603/ae.7981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/ae.7981","url":null,"abstract":"Although the technology of fuel injection in motorcycles has reached ports and direct injection, motorcycles with carburetors are still used. In this research, the carburetor was modified by adding a swirling vane. This study is intended to provide an explanation regarding engine performance which includes torque, power, mileage, emissions, and engine oil temperature. The study begins with a review of the shape and flow characteristics of the swirling vane based on the largest flow according to previous studies. Then, a swirling vane is built and tested to ensure its optimal shape. The findings were compared with conventional carburetor-based engines that had not been treated. Experiments were also carried out on gasoline-ethanol to obtain optimal results and use them appropriately for alternative fuel applications. A comparison of data on torque, power, exhaust emissions, temperature, and mileage reveals that vehicles modified with swirling vanes have better performance. Furthermore, based on the results of gasoline-ethanol application tests, this design is only suitable for use up to E25.","PeriodicalId":36133,"journal":{"name":"Automotive Experiences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44516399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Sudiarno, Ahmad Murtaja Dzaky Ma’arij, I. Tama, A. Larasati, Dewi Hardiningtyas
As part of the Supply Chain (SC), oftentimes Land Logistic Driver (LLD) are held by various uncontrollable occurrences from the surroundings. This caused the cognitive load of the drivers to become higher, which could potentially affect the performance of the LLD to meet the Key Performance Indicator (KPI) of the SC overall. Not only the performance that is affected, but a higher load also could affect the driving behavior towards negativity, as anger and stress perceived become higher, hence a higher crash possibility. Therefore, the need to study the possibility to measure the cognitive load in a certain route that they are on, so any adjustments could be made during a transport activity, with Electroencephalogram (EEG) used as the means to measure it. This study is done by reviewing 15 available research as references regarding EEG and cognitive load. It is possible to use EEG in measuring cognitive load during driving activity, with the focus area of data gathering on the central lobe, parietal lobe, and temporal lobes, with the data extracted from EEG should use the most accurate classifier that focuses on analyzing beta (β) and alpha (α) band as the significant brain wave of the active state. The possible result of the brain wave analysis could be used to determine whether the current route option is burdening LLDs' cognitive load and should be corrected to improve safety driving. Further inclusion of the analysis result could be incorporated into a set of KPI in measuring SC performance.
{"title":"Analyzing Cognitive Load Measurements of the Truck Drivers to Determine Transportation Routes and Improve Safety Driving: A Review Study","authors":"A. Sudiarno, Ahmad Murtaja Dzaky Ma’arij, I. Tama, A. Larasati, Dewi Hardiningtyas","doi":"10.31603/ae.8301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/ae.8301","url":null,"abstract":"As part of the Supply Chain (SC), oftentimes Land Logistic Driver (LLD) are held by various uncontrollable occurrences from the surroundings. This caused the cognitive load of the drivers to become higher, which could potentially affect the performance of the LLD to meet the Key Performance Indicator (KPI) of the SC overall. Not only the performance that is affected, but a higher load also could affect the driving behavior towards negativity, as anger and stress perceived become higher, hence a higher crash possibility. Therefore, the need to study the possibility to measure the cognitive load in a certain route that they are on, so any adjustments could be made during a transport activity, with Electroencephalogram (EEG) used as the means to measure it. This study is done by reviewing 15 available research as references regarding EEG and cognitive load. It is possible to use EEG in measuring cognitive load during driving activity, with the focus area of data gathering on the central lobe, parietal lobe, and temporal lobes, with the data extracted from EEG should use the most accurate classifier that focuses on analyzing beta (β) and alpha (α) band as the significant brain wave of the active state. The possible result of the brain wave analysis could be used to determine whether the current route option is burdening LLDs' cognitive load and should be corrected to improve safety driving. Further inclusion of the analysis result could be incorporated into a set of KPI in measuring SC performance.","PeriodicalId":36133,"journal":{"name":"Automotive Experiences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45291204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：