One of the reasons for the slow conversion program from gasoline to LPG/Vigas is the uncertainty of profit or loss. Therefore, this article presents a simple calculator to assess the feasibility of investing in vehicle conversion, from gasoline to LPG/Vigas. Input parameters include estimated annual mileage, fuel consumption, gasoline prices, LPG / Vigas prices, the cost of the converter kit and its installation, engine standardization costs, maintenance costs with gasoline, and maintenance costs with LPG considered to produce output parameters that include Break Even Point (BEP), Payback period (PP), Net Present Value (NPV), and Internal Rate of Return (IRR).
{"title":"Converting Vehicle to LPG/Vigas: A Simple Calculator to Assess Project Feasibility","authors":"E. Widodo, M. Rosyidi, T. A. Purnomo, M. Setiyo","doi":"10.31603/AE.V2I2.2744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/AE.V2I2.2744","url":null,"abstract":"One of the reasons for the slow conversion program from gasoline to LPG/Vigas is the uncertainty of profit or loss. Therefore, this article presents a simple calculator to assess the feasibility of investing in vehicle conversion, from gasoline to LPG/Vigas. Input parameters include estimated annual mileage, fuel consumption, gasoline prices, LPG / Vigas prices, the cost of the converter kit and its installation, engine standardization costs, maintenance costs with gasoline, and maintenance costs with LPG considered to produce output parameters that include Break Even Point (BEP), Payback period (PP), Net Present Value (NPV), and Internal Rate of Return (IRR).","PeriodicalId":36133,"journal":{"name":"Automotive Experiences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43838691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although simple, removing the front fork telescopic (TFF) seal on a motorcycle without special service tools (SST) can cause work accidents for mechanics and loss for consumers and workshops. Therefore, product development research has been carried out to design a seal remover for TFF. Then, a TRL measurement using Techno-meter was done on the prototype that has been developed. A quick measurement by Techno-meter shows that the prototype has reached level 6 (intermediate), where the prototype has been demonstrated/tested in a relevant environment. In conclusion, through continued work (reviewing products, improvising, and testing prototypes on a larger scale), this prototype promises to be mass-produced as downstream of research products to the market.
{"title":"Design and Application of Special Service Tools (SST) for Telescopic Front Fork","authors":"S. Susilawati, A. Buchori","doi":"10.31603/AE.V2I2.2706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/AE.V2I2.2706","url":null,"abstract":"Although simple, removing the front fork telescopic (TFF) seal on a motorcycle without special service tools (SST) can cause work accidents for mechanics and loss for consumers and workshops. Therefore, product development research has been carried out to design a seal remover for TFF. Then, a TRL measurement using Techno-meter was done on the prototype that has been developed. A quick measurement by Techno-meter shows that the prototype has reached level 6 (intermediate), where the prototype has been demonstrated/tested in a relevant environment. In conclusion, through continued work (reviewing products, improvising, and testing prototypes on a larger scale), this prototype promises to be mass-produced as downstream of research products to the market.","PeriodicalId":36133,"journal":{"name":"Automotive Experiences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70019259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kautzar Rizki Diptaseptian, W. Wijianto, P. I. Purboputro
Today, modification on motorcycle body cover has become a new automotive business. The main components for modifying the motor body cover are glass fibre, resin and catalyst. Catalysts are substances that can accelerate reactions, the more catalyst composition, the less time it takes to react. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of variations in catalysts on composite properties. The test is carried out by giving the catalyst in 4 variations (2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 20%) to 157 BQTN resin. The specimen was tested using ASTM D-256 for impact/hardness, ASTM D-790 for bending, and ASTM D-638 for tensile strength. During this study, we found that the 2.5% catalyst give good results for impact, bending, tensile strength, and also modulus young.
{"title":"The Role of Catalysts on Composites Properties: A Case Study on Motorcycle Body Cover","authors":"Kautzar Rizki Diptaseptian, W. Wijianto, P. I. Purboputro","doi":"10.31603/AE.V2I2.2731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/AE.V2I2.2731","url":null,"abstract":"Today, modification on motorcycle body cover has become a new automotive business. The main components for modifying the motor body cover are glass fibre, resin and catalyst. Catalysts are substances that can accelerate reactions, the more catalyst composition, the less time it takes to react. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of variations in catalysts on composite properties. The test is carried out by giving the catalyst in 4 variations (2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 20%) to 157 BQTN resin. The specimen was tested using ASTM D-256 for impact/hardness, ASTM D-790 for bending, and ASTM D-638 for tensile strength. During this study, we found that the 2.5% catalyst give good results for impact, bending, tensile strength, and also modulus young.","PeriodicalId":36133,"journal":{"name":"Automotive Experiences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45428876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Artikel ini menyajikan pengaruh modifikasi cam dan aplikasi roller rocker arm terhadap torsi, daya, dan emisi gas buang sepeda motor. Pengujian torsi dan daya dilakukan dengan dynamometer tipe Rextor Pro Dyno dan pengujian emisi dilakukan dengan engine gas analyzer tipe Heshbon HG-510. Obyek penelitian adalah sepeda motor Yamaha 5D9. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penggunaan cam modifikasi dan roller rocker arm berpengaruh pada peningkatan torsi sebesar 0,04 Nm dan daya 3,4 kW. Namun demikian, penggunaan cam modifikasi dan roller rocker arm ini sedikit meningkatkan emisi CO dan HC.
本文对凸轮改造和滚子摇臂应用对摩托车扭矩、功率和废气排放的影响。使用Rexor Pro Dyno测功机进行扭矩和功率测试，使用Hesbon气体分析仪发动机HG-510进行排放测试。研究对象是一辆雅马哈5D9摩托车。研究表明，使用改进型凸轮和滚柱摇臂会影响0.04 Nm和3.4 kW的扭矩增加。然而，使用改进凸轮和滚柱摇杆会略微增加CO和HC排放。
{"title":"Uji Cam Modifikasi dan Rocker Arm dengan Roller pada Yamaha 5D9","authors":"Bahtiar Wilantara","doi":"10.31603/AE.V2I1.2641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/AE.V2I1.2641","url":null,"abstract":"Artikel ini menyajikan pengaruh modifikasi cam dan aplikasi roller rocker arm terhadap torsi, daya, dan emisi gas buang sepeda motor. Pengujian torsi dan daya dilakukan dengan dynamometer tipe Rextor Pro Dyno dan pengujian emisi dilakukan dengan engine gas analyzer tipe Heshbon HG-510. Obyek penelitian adalah sepeda motor Yamaha 5D9. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penggunaan cam modifikasi dan roller rocker arm berpengaruh pada peningkatan torsi sebesar 0,04 Nm dan daya 3,4 kW. Namun demikian, penggunaan cam modifikasi dan roller rocker arm ini sedikit meningkatkan emisi CO dan HC. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":36133,"journal":{"name":"Automotive Experiences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49150738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is an alternative fuel that has all key properties for the Spark Ignition (SI) engine. However, because of its properties, ignition timing on an LPG SI engine needs to be advanced from the reference angle to get the optimum performance. Therefore, this article presents the torque and power characteristics of a single piston LPG engine on variations of ignition timing. Evaluation of engine performance is carried out at the ignition timing of 15O, 17O, and 19O BTDC. The results showed the highest torque for LPG fuel was 10.64 Nm which was achieved at 3500 rpm with ignition timing of 19O BTDC, while the highest power for LPG fuel was 6.9 hp which was achieved at 5936 rpm with ignition timing of 19O BTDC.
{"title":"Torque and Power Characteristics of Single Piston LPG-Fueled Engines on Variations of Ignition Timing","authors":"B. Purnomo, N. Widodo","doi":"10.31603/AE.V2I1.2632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/AE.V2I1.2632","url":null,"abstract":"Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is an alternative fuel that has all key properties for the Spark Ignition (SI) engine. However, because of its properties, ignition timing on an LPG SI engine needs to be advanced from the reference angle to get the optimum performance. Therefore, this article presents the torque and power characteristics of a single piston LPG engine on variations of ignition timing. Evaluation of engine performance is carried out at the ignition timing of 15O, 17O, and 19O BTDC. The results showed the highest torque for LPG fuel was 10.64 Nm which was achieved at 3500 rpm with ignition timing of 19O BTDC, while the highest power for LPG fuel was 6.9 hp which was achieved at 5936 rpm with ignition timing of 19O BTDC.","PeriodicalId":36133,"journal":{"name":"Automotive Experiences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46571325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan energi yang terkandung di dalam ban bekas menjadi bahan bakar cair. Sebuah metode experimental nyata dengan temperatur pyrolisis sebagai variabel bebas dan viskositas, densitas, dan flash point sebagai variabel terikat. Sementara itu, suhu kondensor dan tekanan dijadikan sebagai variabel kontrol. Data menunjukkan adanya pengaruh temperatur terhadap hasil yang didapat, semakin tinggi temperatur, semakin banyak minyak yang diperoleh. Bahan baku juga sangat mempengaruhi jumlah dan kualitas bahan bakar cair yang dihasilkan. Terakhir, penggunaan katalis pada proses pyrolisis ban bekas mengurangi fraksi cairan namun meningkatkan kualitas produk.
{"title":"Zeolit Alam Sebagai Katalis Pyrolisis Limbah Ban Bekas Menjadi Bahan Bakar Cair","authors":"S. Supriyanto, Ismanto Ismanto, Nuryo Suwito","doi":"10.31603/AE.V2I1.2377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/AE.V2I1.2377","url":null,"abstract":"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan energi yang terkandung di dalam ban bekas menjadi bahan bakar cair. Sebuah metode experimental nyata dengan temperatur pyrolisis sebagai variabel bebas dan viskositas, densitas, dan flash point sebagai variabel terikat. Sementara itu, suhu kondensor dan tekanan dijadikan sebagai variabel kontrol. Data menunjukkan adanya pengaruh temperatur terhadap hasil yang didapat, semakin tinggi temperatur, semakin banyak minyak yang diperoleh. Bahan baku juga sangat mempengaruhi jumlah dan kualitas bahan bakar cair yang dihasilkan. Terakhir, penggunaan katalis pada proses pyrolisis ban bekas mengurangi fraksi cairan namun meningkatkan kualitas produk.","PeriodicalId":36133,"journal":{"name":"Automotive Experiences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49057590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the past few years, the energy consumption of the land transportation sector has increased considerably. One of the breakthroughs by the Government through Presidential Regulation No. 22/2017 concerning General Plan for National Energy (RUEN) is the use of electricity-based vehicles to reduce fuel consumption and achieve energy security. Successful policy making for emerging industries depends on two main factors: the adoption of scientific perspectives and accuracy to predict impacts. Therefore, this review aims to conduct a study of policy simulation methodologies related to the use of electric vehicles in Indonesia. Also, identification of the gaps and limitations of previous research is carried out and recommending an agenda for further research.
{"title":"Policy Simulation of Electricity-Based Vehicle Utilization in Indonesia (Electrified Vehicle - HEV, PHEV, BEV and FCEV)","authors":"I. Setiawan","doi":"10.31603/AE.V2I1.2020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/AE.V2I1.2020","url":null,"abstract":"In the past few years, the energy consumption of the land transportation sector has increased considerably. One of the breakthroughs by the Government through Presidential Regulation No. 22/2017 concerning General Plan for National Energy (RUEN) is the use of electricity-based vehicles to reduce fuel consumption and achieve energy security. Successful policy making for emerging industries depends on two main factors: the adoption of scientific perspectives and accuracy to predict impacts. Therefore, this review aims to conduct a study of policy simulation methodologies related to the use of electric vehicles in Indonesia. Also, identification of the gaps and limitations of previous research is carried out and recommending an agenda for further research.","PeriodicalId":36133,"journal":{"name":"Automotive Experiences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46673561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Occupational Health and Safety (OSH) in the industry and vocational education institutions are very important elements to ensure user safety and keep the machines in good condition. Polytechnics must be able to prepare OSH standards in the practical learning process in the laboratory. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the compliance of the Subang State Polytechnic Laboratory in the application of OSH. Observation data obtained were analyzed by descriptively – quantitatively methods. The results showed that the facilities and application of OSH at the Subang State Polytechnic laboratory received a score of 67.20 so that it was in the feasible category.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Application of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) at the Subang State Polytechnic Laboratory","authors":"A. Efendi, Didin Komarudin","doi":"10.31603/AE.V2I1.2472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/AE.V2I1.2472","url":null,"abstract":"Occupational Health and Safety (OSH) in the industry and vocational education institutions are very important elements to ensure user safety and keep the machines in good condition. Polytechnics must be able to prepare OSH standards in the practical learning process in the laboratory. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the compliance of the Subang State Polytechnic Laboratory in the application of OSH. Observation data obtained were analyzed by descriptively – quantitatively methods. The results showed that the facilities and application of OSH at the Subang State Polytechnic laboratory received a score of 67.20 so that it was in the feasible category.","PeriodicalId":36133,"journal":{"name":"Automotive Experiences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46182842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Artikel ini menyajikan efek penambahan komposisi CO2 dalam sistem refrigerasi kompresi uap yang menggunakan refrigerant Musicool 134. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui karakteristik katup ekspansi (TEV) dengan variabel komposisi CO2 dari 0%, 1,5%, 3% dan 5% pada kecepatan putar kompresor 1000 dan 1500 rpm, penambahan beban pendinginan serta penggunaan IHE. Pengukuran dilakukan dengan mencatat nilai tekanan dan temperatur masuk serta keluar katup ekspansi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan komposisi CO2 meningkatkan tekanan masuk dan menurunkan tekanan keluar katup ekspansi.
{"title":"Kajian Pengaruh Perubahan Konsentrasi Refrigerant Musicool 134-CO2 Terhadap Performa Katup Ekspansi Tipe TEV","authors":"Bagiyo Condro Purnomo, B. Priyanto","doi":"10.31603/AE.V1I03.2017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/AE.V1I03.2017","url":null,"abstract":"Artikel ini menyajikan efek penambahan komposisi CO2 dalam sistem refrigerasi kompresi uap yang menggunakan refrigerant Musicool 134. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui karakteristik katup ekspansi (TEV) dengan variabel komposisi CO2 dari 0%, 1,5%, 3% dan 5% pada kecepatan putar kompresor 1000 dan 1500 rpm, penambahan beban pendinginan serta penggunaan IHE. Pengukuran dilakukan dengan mencatat nilai tekanan dan temperatur masuk serta keluar katup ekspansi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan komposisi CO2 meningkatkan tekanan masuk dan menurunkan tekanan keluar katup ekspansi.","PeriodicalId":36133,"journal":{"name":"Automotive Experiences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43186189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Porositas gas adalah salah satu masalah yang paling serius dalam pengecoran logam aluminium. Ada beberapa metode degassiing yang telah dipelajari dalam proses pengecoran. Selama peleburan aluminium, senyawa intermetalik (IMC) dapat dibentuk pada antarmuka antara aluminium cair dan baja padat dari lapisan tungku krusibel. Dalam penelitian ini, efek penambahan degassiing dari formasi IMC dipelajari dan diteliti. Spesimen uji berbentuk silinder direndam dalam bak aluminium cair. Perendaman spesimen uji berada di kisaran waktu antara 10 sampai 15 menit. Dua penggunaan degassiing yaitu degassiing garam dapur grasak dan degassiing Natrium Clorida (NaCl) dilakukan untuk menyelidiki efek pada pembentukan IMC. IMC itu diperiksa di bawah miskroskop elektron serta kekerasan IMC dengan mikrovickers hardness. Karena tingginya kandungan hidrogen, spesimen uji yang direndam dalam aluminium cair tanpa degasser memiliki lapisan IMC yang lebih tebal daripada yang lain. Proses degassiing NaCl lebih efektif daripada degassiing garam Grasak untuk mengurangi pertumbuhan IMC. Selanjutnya, fase yang muncul pada daerah IMC yaitu senyawa FeAl dan FeAl3 terbentuk pada spesimen dengan proses tanpa degassiing dan menggunakan degassiing NaCl.
{"title":"Pengaruh Proses Degassiing pada Peleburan Aluminium dengan Tungku Peleburannya","authors":"Lutiyatmi Lutiyatmi, T. Daryanto","doi":"10.31603/ae.v1i03.2360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31603/ae.v1i03.2360","url":null,"abstract":"Porositas gas adalah salah satu masalah yang paling serius dalam pengecoran logam aluminium. Ada beberapa metode degassiing yang telah dipelajari dalam proses pengecoran. Selama peleburan aluminium, senyawa intermetalik (IMC) dapat dibentuk pada antarmuka antara aluminium cair dan baja padat dari lapisan tungku krusibel. Dalam penelitian ini, efek penambahan degassiing dari formasi IMC dipelajari dan diteliti. Spesimen uji berbentuk silinder direndam dalam bak aluminium cair. Perendaman spesimen uji berada di kisaran waktu antara 10 sampai 15 menit. Dua penggunaan degassiing yaitu degassiing garam dapur grasak dan degassiing Natrium Clorida (NaCl) dilakukan untuk menyelidiki efek pada pembentukan IMC. IMC itu diperiksa di bawah miskroskop elektron serta kekerasan IMC dengan mikrovickers hardness. Karena tingginya kandungan hidrogen, spesimen uji yang direndam dalam aluminium cair tanpa degasser memiliki lapisan IMC yang lebih tebal daripada yang lain. Proses degassiing NaCl lebih efektif daripada degassiing garam Grasak untuk mengurangi pertumbuhan IMC. Selanjutnya, fase yang muncul pada daerah IMC yaitu senyawa FeAl dan FeAl3 terbentuk pada spesimen dengan proses tanpa degassiing dan menggunakan degassiing NaCl.","PeriodicalId":36133,"journal":{"name":"Automotive Experiences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41514264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：