By focusing on Latinx immigrant food truck vendors in Los Angeles, this article calls to rethink and expand how we understand gentrification as a mechanism of neo-liberal redevelopment ideologies in space by extending these spatial understandings of gentrifying processes not only as physical spatial displacement but also as a way to exclude meanings and histories of marginalized populations. These exclusions contribute to a racialized mobile food vending hierarchy, dialectically produced through urban policies that actively further urban inequalities, resulting in what I call cultural gentrification. I argue that cultural gentrification can occur through commodification of cultural economic forms like mobile food vending by the urban truck revolution phenomena. Although these gentrification processes do not entail physical displacement of a group of people by another group, since Latinx taco trucks and street vendors do not sell in the same areas as gourmet food trucks, they do create barriers, exclusions and invisibilities that maintain racialized mobile food vending hierarchies through urban policies that actively further urban inequalities. The study draws on qualitative research undertaken in Los Angeles intermittently from 2004 to 2013 of Latinx food truck vendors, gourmet food truck vendors, local-state actors and business owners key informants.
{"title":"Cultural gentrification: Gourmet and Latinx immigrant food trucks vendors in Los Angeles","authors":"Lorena Muñoz","doi":"10.1386/jucs_00005_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/jucs_00005_1","url":null,"abstract":"By focusing on Latinx immigrant food truck vendors in Los Angeles, this article calls to rethink and expand how we understand gentrification as a mechanism of neo-liberal redevelopment ideologies in space by extending these spatial understandings of gentrifying processes not only as\u0000 physical spatial displacement but also as a way to exclude meanings and histories of marginalized populations. These exclusions contribute to a racialized mobile food vending hierarchy, dialectically produced through urban policies that actively further urban inequalities, resulting in what\u0000 I call cultural gentrification. I argue that cultural gentrification can occur through commodification of cultural economic forms like mobile food vending by the urban truck revolution phenomena. Although these gentrification processes do not entail physical displacement of a group of people\u0000 by another group, since Latinx taco trucks and street vendors do not sell in the same areas as gourmet food trucks, they do create barriers, exclusions and invisibilities that maintain racialized mobile food vending hierarchies through urban policies that actively further urban inequalities.\u0000 The study draws on qualitative research undertaken in Los Angeles intermittently from 2004 to 2013 of Latinx food truck vendors, gourmet food truck vendors, local-state actors and business owners key informants.","PeriodicalId":36149,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Cultural Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44150182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study explores the process of constructing mid-nineteenth-century (1858–76) Beirut as a city of the world not merely through its gradual material instantiation in mechanisms of technological modernization and in the built environment but also, more emphatically and enduringly, as a product of the cultural imagination. The article engages the ethico-political parameters of a ‘crisis of representation’ in the context of both the selected historical period that is one of geopolitical crisis, specifically the 1860 civil conflict in Mount Lebanon and Damascus that brought refugees, military and diplomatic intervention into Beirut, and our ongoing era of intensive contestation and critical attention to Beirut’s urban heritage. This contrapuntal framework of geocreativity invites an examination of the output of mid-nineteenth-century Beiruti intellectuals and missionaries (including newspapers, public lectures, the encyclopaedia and the memoir), alongside mid-nineteenth-century photography and cartography by military and civilian visitors to Beirut, and twenty-first-century Lebanese historical literature, particularly Rabī‘ Jabir’s Bayrūt trilogy (2003–07), that recreates mid-nineteenth-century Beirut as a city of the world from the perspectives of the archive and the consciousness of the city’s post-war transformations.
{"title":"Imagining mid-nineteenth-century Beirut as a ‘City of the World’: Public intellectuals, photography, cartography and historical literature","authors":"Rita Sakr","doi":"10.1386/jucs_00002_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/jucs_00002_1","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the process of constructing mid-nineteenth-century (1858–76) Beirut as a city of the world not merely through its gradual material instantiation in mechanisms of technological modernization and in the built environment but also, more emphatically and enduringly,\u0000 as a product of the cultural imagination. The article engages the ethico-political parameters of a ‘crisis of representation’ in the context of both the selected historical period that is one of geopolitical crisis, specifically the 1860 civil conflict in Mount Lebanon and Damascus\u0000 that brought refugees, military and diplomatic intervention into Beirut, and our ongoing era of intensive contestation and critical attention to Beirut’s urban heritage. This contrapuntal framework of geocreativity invites an examination of the output of mid-nineteenth-century Beiruti\u0000 intellectuals and missionaries (including newspapers, public lectures, the encyclopaedia and the memoir), alongside mid-nineteenth-century photography and cartography by military and civilian visitors to Beirut, and twenty-first-century Lebanese historical literature, particularly Rabī‘\u0000 Jabir’s Bayrūt trilogy (2003–07), that recreates mid-nineteenth-century Beirut as a city of the world from the perspectives of the archive and the consciousness of the city’s post-war transformations.","PeriodicalId":36149,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Cultural Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43354505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article is drawn for my experience busking at Nørreport Station, a busy transit hub in the centre of Copenhagen, for one afternoon in the spring of 2016. I use narrative and descriptive writing to express the relationship between myself and the environment as a performative milieu. The article looks at theories of affect, atmospheres, and the influence of sound in the busking pitch. It considers the discourse surrounding busking and how my performance experience contributed to appreciations of its meanings. It has been said that street music performance can create emotions, atmospheres and encounters in unlikely and forbidding urban settings. My experience at Nørreport Station challenged these notions. This article avers that new ways of assessing the success of musical interventions in the city should be considered alongside with appreciating how music can be a subtle and meaningful atmospheric and affective influence on urban space. A link to samples of my guitar playing can be found here: https://soundcloud.com/michael-amundsen-guitar.
{"title":"Out in the cold: Busking Copenhagen’s Nørreport Station and the urban affects of music","authors":"M. Amundsen","doi":"10.1386/jucs_00006_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/jucs_00006_1","url":null,"abstract":"This article is drawn for my experience busking at Nørreport Station, a busy transit hub in the centre of Copenhagen, for one afternoon in the spring of 2016. I use narrative and descriptive writing to express the relationship between myself and the environment as a performative\u0000 milieu. The article looks at theories of affect, atmospheres, and the influence of sound in the busking pitch. It considers the discourse surrounding busking and how my performance experience contributed to appreciations of its meanings. It has been said that street music performance can create\u0000 emotions, atmospheres and encounters in unlikely and forbidding urban settings. My experience at Nørreport Station challenged these notions. This article avers that new ways of assessing the success of musical interventions in the city should be considered alongside with appreciating\u0000 how music can be a subtle and meaningful atmospheric and affective influence on urban space. A link to samples of my guitar playing can be found here: https://soundcloud.com/michael-amundsen-guitar.","PeriodicalId":36149,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Cultural Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47232711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article discusses how Chinese cities are transforming in visually radical ways to reconfigure their historic memories. In the midst of ‘creative city campaigns’ sweeping over China, which emphasize the discovery and exploitation of the creative-historic-cultural elements of urban pasts, Chengdu, one of China’s ‘New First-tier Cities’, epitomizes the pivotal role that visual culture plays in facilitating urban change. Grounded in critical analysis of both indigenous urban-making strategies within China and Chinese cities’ borrowing of western visual practices, this article investigates how Chengdu, as an emerging metropolis in globalizing China, introduces trompe l’oeil-style photographic installations on the site of its famous Kuanzhai Alleys (Kuanzhai xiangzi) transformation project. Urban planners in Chengdu take advantage of trompe l’oeil (‘trick-the-eye’), a post-Renaissance Western artistic innovation, to blur the boundaries between memory and reality. By transforming a vernacular architectural heritage site in Chengdu into a modern interactive cultural Disneyland, urban planners create embodied interactivity on the current tourist site of the Kuanzhai Alleys. While tourists indulge in the enchanting pleasure of a bygone urban past revived through visual tricks on the site, the people of Chengdu criticize the transformed district for failing to represent the authentic memories of the city. By revealing how the Kuanzhai Alleys becomes a site of contested urban experiences, the article probes the role of artistic creations in mediating memory and reality, the past and the present in fast-changing Chinese cities.
{"title":"Tricking memory, remaking the city: Trompe l’oeil and the visual transformation of a historic city in China: Chengdu","authors":"Yanshuo Zhang","doi":"10.1386/jucs_00001_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/jucs_00001_1","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses how Chinese cities are transforming in visually radical ways to reconfigure their historic memories. In the midst of ‘creative city campaigns’ sweeping over China, which emphasize the discovery and exploitation of the creative-historic-cultural elements\u0000 of urban pasts, Chengdu, one of China’s ‘New First-tier Cities’, epitomizes the pivotal role that visual culture plays in facilitating urban change. Grounded in critical analysis of both indigenous urban-making strategies within China and Chinese cities’ borrowing of\u0000 western visual practices, this article investigates how Chengdu, as an emerging metropolis in globalizing China, introduces trompe l’oeil-style photographic installations on the site of its famous Kuanzhai Alleys (Kuanzhai xiangzi) transformation project. Urban planners in Chengdu take\u0000 advantage of trompe l’oeil (‘trick-the-eye’), a post-Renaissance Western artistic innovation, to blur the boundaries between memory and reality. By transforming a vernacular architectural heritage site in Chengdu into a modern interactive cultural Disneyland, urban planners\u0000 create embodied interactivity on the current tourist site of the Kuanzhai Alleys. While tourists indulge in the enchanting pleasure of a bygone urban past revived through visual tricks on the site, the people of Chengdu criticize the transformed district for failing to represent the authentic\u0000 memories of the city. By revealing how the Kuanzhai Alleys becomes a site of contested urban experiences, the article probes the role of artistic creations in mediating memory and reality, the past and the present in fast-changing Chinese cities.","PeriodicalId":36149,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Cultural Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43368181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The commodification and gamification of urban mobility is a trending urban phenomenon in Japan. Since its privatization in 2004, Tokyo Metro, one of Tokyo’s major public transportation providers, has conducted various business campaigns to package mobility as a desirable commodity. This article looks into that ways in which Tokyo Metro’s campaigns reinforce urban spectacles and reduce urban experiences into consumptions. The advances in technologies and the emergence of social media also facilitate consumer behaviours in the campaigns. Such campaigns transform the interrelations between railway mobility and mass consumption from ‘moving for consuming’ to ‘moving is consuming’. In the near future, the commodification, gamification and diversification of railway mobility will become the norm in urban Japan as human activities become increasingly dependent upon mass public transportation. This is an inexorable outcome of the mixture of financial needs, a highly mature consumer culture, dependence on railway systems, aggregating commodification of urban spaces and the incessant quest for novel types of consumption.
{"title":"Consumption on the Orient Express: Commodification and gamification of urban mobility in Tokyo Metro campaigns","authors":"Mina Qiao","doi":"10.1386/jucs_00004_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/jucs_00004_1","url":null,"abstract":"The commodification and gamification of urban mobility is a trending urban phenomenon in Japan. Since its privatization in 2004, Tokyo Metro, one of Tokyo’s major public transportation providers, has conducted various business campaigns to package mobility as a desirable commodity. This article looks into that ways in which Tokyo Metro’s campaigns reinforce urban spectacles and reduce urban experiences into consumptions. The advances in technologies and the emergence of social media also facilitate consumer behaviours in the campaigns. Such campaigns transform the interrelations between railway mobility and mass consumption from ‘moving for consuming’ to ‘moving is consuming’. In the near future, the commodification, gamification and diversification of railway mobility will become the norm in urban Japan as human activities become increasingly dependent upon mass public transportation. This is an inexorable outcome of the mixture of financial needs, a highly mature consumer culture, dependence on railway systems, aggregating commodification of urban spaces and the incessant quest for novel types of consumption.","PeriodicalId":36149,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Cultural Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44515230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Demanding the city: Traces of the UN 50 protests in San Francisco","authors":"Jeff Garnand","doi":"10.1386/JUCS.5.3.357_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/JUCS.5.3.357_1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36149,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Cultural Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47214293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Is forensic architecture the new muralism of the Mexican state? A reflection on racialized violence and the construction of Mexican identity","authors":"Tania Osorio Harp","doi":"10.1386/JUCS.5.3.371_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/JUCS.5.3.371_1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36149,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Cultural Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1386/JUCS.5.3.371_1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41262285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The city in motion: Modernity, mobility and skyline views in Manhatta (1921)","authors":"V. Cordes","doi":"10.1386/JUCS.5.3.331_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/JUCS.5.3.331_1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36149,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Cultural Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48779934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comics and the slaughterhouse: Alberto Breccia and the neighbourhood of Mataderos","authors":"J. Scorer","doi":"10.1386/JUCS.5.3.281_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/JUCS.5.3.281_1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36149,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Cultural Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48739376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recovering the human in the urban dystopia: Mobility as détournement in Playtime","authors":"Steven D. Spalding","doi":"10.1386/JUCS.5.3.299_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/JUCS.5.3.299_1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36149,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Urban Cultural Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44758852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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