Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.21134/eurjhm.2023.50.7
J. Díaz-García
Soccer is mentally as well as physically fatiguing. Negative effects of isolated mental fatigue on soccer performance have been reported, however, it does not appear isolated in soccer. This study compared the effects of baseline, mental fatigue and combined mental and physical fatigue on soccer performance. Voluntarily, 18 male soccer practitioners (23.61 ± 4.12y) participated in six randomized and crossover sessions– two non-induced fatigue baseline (30 min. documentary), 2 isolated mental fatigue (30 min. Incongruent Stroop) and 2 combined physical and mental fatigue (30 min. Incongruent Stroop while cycling at 80-85% of the theoretical Maximum Heart Rate). The Visual Analogue Scale pre- and post- fatiguing protocol for mental fatigue, and the Questionnaire to Quantify Mental Load in Sports Team for mental load post-fatiguing protocol were collected. The Loughborough shooting and passing test were performed post- fatiguing protocols. Results revealed the combined protocol as the most mentally loading and fatiguing, showing significant differences when compared with isolated mental fatigue and baseline (p<.001). Isolated mental fatigue was significantly more mentally loading (p<.001) and fatiguing (p<.001) that baseline. Significant impairments on soccer performance were observed after isolated mental fatigue and combined protocols in comparison with baseline (p<.001). However, these impairments were significantly higher after combined than isolated mental fatigue (p<.043). In conclusion, the presence of physical fatigue combined with mental fatigue exacerbates the negative effects that isolated mental fatigue causes on soccer performance.
{"title":"Physical fatigue exacerbates the negative effects of mental fatigue on soccer performance in practitioners","authors":"J. Díaz-García","doi":"10.21134/eurjhm.2023.50.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21134/eurjhm.2023.50.7","url":null,"abstract":"Soccer is mentally as well as physically fatiguing. Negative effects of isolated mental fatigue on soccer performance have been reported, however, it does not appear isolated in soccer. This study compared the effects of baseline, mental fatigue and combined mental and physical fatigue on soccer performance. Voluntarily, 18 male soccer practitioners (23.61 ± 4.12y) participated in six randomized and crossover sessions– two non-induced fatigue baseline (30 min. documentary), 2 isolated mental fatigue (30 min. Incongruent Stroop) and 2 combined physical and mental fatigue (30 min. Incongruent Stroop while cycling at 80-85% of the theoretical Maximum Heart Rate). The Visual Analogue Scale pre- and post- fatiguing protocol for mental fatigue, and the Questionnaire to Quantify Mental Load in Sports Team for mental load post-fatiguing protocol were collected. The Loughborough shooting and passing test were performed post- fatiguing protocols. Results revealed the combined protocol as the most mentally loading and fatiguing, showing significant differences when compared with isolated mental fatigue and baseline (p<.001). Isolated mental fatigue was significantly more mentally loading (p<.001) and fatiguing (p<.001) that baseline. Significant impairments on soccer performance were observed after isolated mental fatigue and combined protocols in comparison with baseline (p<.001). However, these impairments were significantly higher after combined than isolated mental fatigue (p<.043). In conclusion, the presence of physical fatigue combined with mental fatigue exacerbates the negative effects that isolated mental fatigue causes on soccer performance.","PeriodicalId":36150,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Human Movement","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89485864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.21134/eurjhm.2023.50.10
Elif Mengi
The aim of the current study was to examine the acute effects of three different feedback conditions (positive feedback, negative feedback and no feedback) on heart rate, lactic acid, rate of perceived exertion responses and frequencies of technical actions on basketball players during 3-a-side full-court games. Twelve young basketball players (Mean age: 16.5 ± 1.5 years; height: 181± 5.9 cm; body mass: 71.4 ± 7 kg; training experience: 5.4 ± 2.1 years) voluntarily participated to the study. The players underwent anthropometric measurements followed by the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1. Then, players performed 3-a-side full-court games under three different conditions with positive verbal feedback, negative verbal feedback and no feedback randomly at 2-day intervals. Repeated measures ANOVAs were used to assess differences among responses to 3-a-side full-court games in terms of heart rate, lactic acid, rate of perceived exertion responses and the number of technical actions performed. No significant differences were found between the three feedback conditions nevertheless lactic acid results showed clinical significance in the negative feedback group (5.4±1.7) compared to the group without feedback (6.5±1.8). The findings of this study reveal that positive, negative verbal feedback given by the coach or no feedback does not have an acute effect on basketball players' game performance and internal load responses.
{"title":"Technical And Internal Load Responses in 3-A-Side Full-Court Basketball Games: The Effects of Coaches' Verbal Feedback","authors":"Elif Mengi","doi":"10.21134/eurjhm.2023.50.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21134/eurjhm.2023.50.10","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the current study was to examine the acute effects of three different feedback conditions (positive feedback, negative feedback and no feedback) on heart rate, lactic acid, rate of perceived exertion responses and frequencies of technical actions on basketball players during 3-a-side full-court games. Twelve young basketball players (Mean age: 16.5 ± 1.5 years; height: 181± 5.9 cm; body mass: 71.4 ± 7 kg; training experience: 5.4 ± 2.1 years) voluntarily participated to the study. The players underwent anthropometric measurements followed by the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1. Then, players performed 3-a-side full-court games under three different conditions with positive verbal feedback, negative verbal feedback and no feedback randomly at 2-day intervals. Repeated measures ANOVAs were used to assess differences among responses to 3-a-side full-court games in terms of heart rate, lactic acid, rate of perceived exertion responses and the number of technical actions performed. No significant differences were found between the three feedback conditions nevertheless lactic acid results showed clinical significance in the negative feedback group (5.4±1.7) compared to the group without feedback (6.5±1.8). The findings of this study reveal that positive, negative verbal feedback given by the coach or no feedback does not have an acute effect on basketball players' game performance and internal load responses.","PeriodicalId":36150,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Human Movement","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73964036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.21134/eurjhm.2023.50.11
G. Deliceoğlu
: This study aims to compare the physical and physiological profiles between elite men and women wrestlers of free style category. The research group consist of twenty-nine men and twenty-one women freestyle wrestlers who camped for performance tests at the Turkish Olympic Preparation Center in Ankara 2 months before the European Wrestling Championship in Budapest on March 28-April 3, 2022. Subjects performed the leg and arm Wingate anaerobic test (anaerobic power and capacity), VO 2max (aerobic endurance), Reactive agility, isokinetic and isometric strength test. The results showed that Lower Extremity anaerobic power obtained from men, knee flexor at VO 2max , 60°/s and 180°/s peak torque, isometric force values of arm and trunk extensor muscles, are higher than in women (p<0.05). In contrast, upper extremity anaerobic power values seem to be similar (p>0.05). As a result, it can be said that the endurance capacity, isometric, and isokinetic strength parameters are more effective than the force parameter in gender. These results can be used by coaches, strength and conditioning specialists, and sport scientists to create a comprehensive physical and physiological profile of wrestlers that will help them adapt their training programs.
{"title":"Comparison of Physical And Physiological Profiles Between Elite Freestyle Men And Women Wrestlers","authors":"G. Deliceoğlu","doi":"10.21134/eurjhm.2023.50.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21134/eurjhm.2023.50.11","url":null,"abstract":": This study aims to compare the physical and physiological profiles between elite men and women wrestlers of free style category. The research group consist of twenty-nine men and twenty-one women freestyle wrestlers who camped for performance tests at the Turkish Olympic Preparation Center in Ankara 2 months before the European Wrestling Championship in Budapest on March 28-April 3, 2022. Subjects performed the leg and arm Wingate anaerobic test (anaerobic power and capacity), VO 2max (aerobic endurance), Reactive agility, isokinetic and isometric strength test. The results showed that Lower Extremity anaerobic power obtained from men, knee flexor at VO 2max , 60°/s and 180°/s peak torque, isometric force values of arm and trunk extensor muscles, are higher than in women (p<0.05). In contrast, upper extremity anaerobic power values seem to be similar (p>0.05). As a result, it can be said that the endurance capacity, isometric, and isokinetic strength parameters are more effective than the force parameter in gender. These results can be used by coaches, strength and conditioning specialists, and sport scientists to create a comprehensive physical and physiological profile of wrestlers that will help them adapt their training programs.","PeriodicalId":36150,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Human Movement","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74961241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.21134/eurjhm.2023.50.4
J. Sanchez-Jimenez
This study aimed to analyze the differences between clusters obtained by the acute effect of fatigue after an ultra-endurance event in the internal and external load of cyclists. 26 volunteers participated in the study, and they were divided into the experimental group (N = 18; height: 177 ± 8 cm; body mass: 78.6 ± 10.3 kg) and the control group (N = 8; height: 176 ± 10 cm; body mass: 78.0 ± 15.7 kg). The experimental group completed a 12 h non-stop cycling event. Jump height, lactate, plasma antioxidant capacity, pain perception and fatigue perception were measured before and after the event. Cyclists of the experimental group were classified considering their training characteristics (recreational vs. competitive) and by conducting a non-supervised K-means clustering. The differentiation of cyclists according to training characteristics resulted in a lower distance covered by recreational than competitive cyclists (279.4 ± 39.7 km vs. 371.0 ± 71.7 km; ES ≥ 0.8; p < 0.01), although no differences were observed in the remaining variables between groups (p > 0.05). The clustering analysis provided two clusters. Cluster 2 suffered a greater jump height reduction (-3.3 ± 1.6 vs. 1.2 ± 0.8; ES ≥ 0.8; p < 0.001) and increased pain and fatigue perception (ES ≥ 0.5; p < 0.05) after the race than Cluster 1. In conclusion, counter-movement jump can differentiate the fatigue produced by a cycling ultra-endurance event and therefore, this non-invasive technique is useful in fatigue monitoring and recovery planification.
本研究旨在分析超长耐力赛事后疲劳急性效应对骑行者内外负荷的影响。26名志愿者参与了这项研究，他们被分为实验组(N = 18;高度:177±8cm;体重:78.6±10.3 kg)和对照组(N = 8;高度:176±10厘米;体重:78.0±15.7 kg)。实验组完成12小时不间断自行车比赛。测定运动前后的跳高、乳酸、血浆抗氧化能力、疼痛感和疲劳感。实验组的骑自行车者根据他们的训练特征(娱乐性与竞技性)进行分类，并通过进行无监督k均值聚类。骑自行车者训练特征的差异导致休闲骑行距离低于竞技骑行距离(279.4±39.7 km vs 371.0±71.7 km);Es≥0.8;P < 0.01)，其余变量组间差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。聚类分析提供了两个聚类。第二组的跳跃高度降低幅度更大(-3.3±1.6 vs. 1.2±0.8);Es≥0.8;p < 0.001)，疼痛和疲劳知觉增加(ES≥0.5;p < 0.05)。总之，反向运动跳跃可以区分自行车超耐力赛事产生的疲劳，因此，这种非侵入性技术在疲劳监测和恢复平准方面很有用。
{"title":"Clustering classification of cyclists according to the acute fatigue outcomes produced by an ultra-endurance event","authors":"J. Sanchez-Jimenez","doi":"10.21134/eurjhm.2023.50.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21134/eurjhm.2023.50.4","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to analyze the differences between clusters obtained by the acute effect of fatigue after an ultra-endurance event in the internal and external load of cyclists. 26 volunteers participated in the study, and they were divided into the experimental group (N = 18; height: 177 ± 8 cm; body mass: 78.6 ± 10.3 kg) and the control group (N = 8; height: 176 ± 10 cm; body mass: 78.0 ± 15.7 kg). The experimental group completed a 12 h non-stop cycling event. Jump height, lactate, plasma antioxidant capacity, pain perception and fatigue perception were measured before and after the event. Cyclists of the experimental group were classified considering their training characteristics (recreational vs. competitive) and by conducting a non-supervised K-means clustering. The differentiation of cyclists according to training characteristics resulted in a lower distance covered by recreational than competitive cyclists (279.4 ± 39.7 km vs. 371.0 ± 71.7 km; ES ≥ 0.8; p < 0.01), although no differences were observed in the remaining variables between groups (p > 0.05). The clustering analysis provided two clusters. Cluster 2 suffered a greater jump height reduction (-3.3 ± 1.6 vs. 1.2 ± 0.8; ES ≥ 0.8; p < 0.001) and increased pain and fatigue perception (ES ≥ 0.5; p < 0.05) after the race than Cluster 1. In conclusion, counter-movement jump can differentiate the fatigue produced by a cycling ultra-endurance event and therefore, this non-invasive technique is useful in fatigue monitoring and recovery planification.","PeriodicalId":36150,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Human Movement","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86251823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.21134/eurjhm.2023.50.8
J. Guzmán
This study retrospectively examined 182 high school student-athlete women aged 13-18 using Fletcher and colleagues' (2005, 2006) stress, emotion, and performance model to evaluate the impact of coping on engagement in both sports and academic settings. Additionally, the transfer of coping from sport to study was studied, with sports task-oriented coping acting as a moderator. Results indicated that in sports, stress was positively associated with emotional coping and negatively with engagement, and task-oriented coping positively with engagement. In the academic setting, stress was positively correlated with distancing coping, and task-oriented coping positively with engagement. Emotional coping and task-oriented coping both served as mediators, and sports task-oriented coping moderated academic stress and task-oriented coping. The findings support the processual model of stress and suggest that task-oriented coping should be encouraged and emotion-oriented coping should be avoided in both sports and academic settings. Furthermore, sport task-oriented coping was shown to transfer to the academic setting, as academic task-oriented coping decreased when sport task-oriented coping was below a certain threshold. Thus, it may be concluded that coping is a life skill that facilitates engagement in activities and may be transferred from sport to study in this sample of female student-athletes.
{"title":"Women can transfer their ability to cope with stress from sport to academic contexts","authors":"J. Guzmán","doi":"10.21134/eurjhm.2023.50.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21134/eurjhm.2023.50.8","url":null,"abstract":"This study retrospectively examined 182 high school student-athlete women aged 13-18 using Fletcher and colleagues' (2005, 2006) stress, emotion, and performance model to evaluate the impact of coping on engagement in both sports and academic settings. Additionally, the transfer of coping from sport to study was studied, with sports task-oriented coping acting as a moderator. Results indicated that in sports, stress was positively associated with emotional coping and negatively with engagement, and task-oriented coping positively with engagement. In the academic setting, stress was positively correlated with distancing coping, and task-oriented coping positively with engagement. Emotional coping and task-oriented coping both served as mediators, and sports task-oriented coping moderated academic stress and task-oriented coping. The findings support the processual model of stress and suggest that task-oriented coping should be encouraged and emotion-oriented coping should be avoided in both sports and academic settings. Furthermore, sport task-oriented coping was shown to transfer to the academic setting, as academic task-oriented coping decreased when sport task-oriented coping was below a certain threshold. Thus, it may be concluded that coping is a life skill that facilitates engagement in activities and may be transferred from sport to study in this sample of female student-athletes.","PeriodicalId":36150,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Human Movement","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72502801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.21134/eurjhm.2023.50.6
Juan Martín Tasi
The cognitive processes that influence athletic performance have been increasingly studied in recent years. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of an intervention programme aimed at improving the attentional focus of football players, using game situations similar to competitive ones. The participants were 46 male football players belonging to the youth academy of a first division Argentine football club, who were divided into an experimental group and a control group. The methodological design was quasi-experimental, with pre-intervention, post-intervention, and follow-up measures. The measures used were the Psychological Inventory of Sport Performance was used. The results showed significant differences in the variable attentional control in favour of the experimental group compared with the control group after the intervention period and during the follow-up period. On the other hand, the other of the variables analysed (negative coping control, visual image control, positive coping control, and attitudinal control) did not show significant differences between the two groups, but there was a positive trend in the experimental group after the intervention. In conclusion, the use of strategies related to attentional focus in habitual tactical and specific football training tasks seems to have a positive effect on attentional control.
{"title":"Attentional focus in team sports: Effects of an intervention program on football players","authors":"Juan Martín Tasi","doi":"10.21134/eurjhm.2023.50.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21134/eurjhm.2023.50.6","url":null,"abstract":"The cognitive processes that influence athletic performance have been increasingly studied in recent years. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of an intervention programme aimed at improving the attentional focus of football players, using game situations similar to competitive ones. The participants were 46 male football players belonging to the youth academy of a first division Argentine football club, who were divided into an experimental group and a control group. The methodological design was quasi-experimental, with pre-intervention, post-intervention, and follow-up measures. The measures used were the Psychological Inventory of Sport Performance was used. The results showed significant differences in the variable attentional control in favour of the experimental group compared with the control group after the intervention period and during the follow-up period. On the other hand, the other of the variables analysed (negative coping control, visual image control, positive coping control, and attitudinal control) did not show significant differences between the two groups, but there was a positive trend in the experimental group after the intervention. In conclusion, the use of strategies related to attentional focus in habitual tactical and specific football training tasks seems to have a positive effect on attentional control.","PeriodicalId":36150,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Human Movement","volume":"146 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90547644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.21134/eurjhm.2023.50.1
E. Cervelló
{"title":"The tense or constricted mind","authors":"E. Cervelló","doi":"10.21134/eurjhm.2023.50.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21134/eurjhm.2023.50.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36150,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Human Movement","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74222173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.21134/eurjhm.2023.50.5
Akihiro Azuma
This study aimed to develop a proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching system using a low-speed, high-torque motor and to investigate the acute response in hip flexion range of motion by applying PNF stretching using this system. The PNF stretching system consisted of a low-speed, high-torque motor with a rotational torque of 157 Nm, a braking torque of 1470 Nm, and a rotational speed of 6 degrees/s, a lever arm attached to the motor and its rotating shaft, and a pedestal mounted on the lever arm. The system, which targets hamstrings, enabled the subjects to raise the leg in a supine straight leg raise position and perform passive muscle lengthening and isometric muscle contractions by operating an electric motor. The study included 21 healthy male students aged between 18 and 21 years. The hold-relax (HR) technique was employed, in which the target muscle was lengthened step by step by performing three 10 s isometric contractions. The hip joint flexion angles were measured at the limit of leg raising without discomfort before and after HR (pre-HR and post-HR) and compared using Wilcoxon signed-rank sum test. The results showed that the hip flexion angle at post-HR (81.4 ± 18.0 degrees) was significantly greater than that at pre-HR (63.9 ± 15.2 degrees) (P < 0.05, effect size = 0.88). In conclusion, the PNF stretching system, which uses a low-speed, high-torque motor, effectively leads to an immediate improvement in hamstring flexibility.
{"title":"Development of a Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching System Using a Low-Speed, High-Torque Motor","authors":"Akihiro Azuma","doi":"10.21134/eurjhm.2023.50.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21134/eurjhm.2023.50.5","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to develop a proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching system using a low-speed, high-torque motor and to investigate the acute response in hip flexion range of motion by applying PNF stretching using this system. The PNF stretching system consisted of a low-speed, high-torque motor with a rotational torque of 157 Nm, a braking torque of 1470 Nm, and a rotational speed of 6 degrees/s, a lever arm attached to the motor and its rotating shaft, and a pedestal mounted on the lever arm. The system, which targets hamstrings, enabled the subjects to raise the leg in a supine straight leg raise position and perform passive muscle lengthening and isometric muscle contractions by operating an electric motor. The study included 21 healthy male students aged between 18 and 21 years. The hold-relax (HR) technique was employed, in which the target muscle was lengthened step by step by performing three 10 s isometric contractions. The hip joint flexion angles were measured at the limit of leg raising without discomfort before and after HR (pre-HR and post-HR) and compared using Wilcoxon signed-rank sum test. The results showed that the hip flexion angle at post-HR (81.4 ± 18.0 degrees) was significantly greater than that at pre-HR (63.9 ± 15.2 degrees) (P < 0.05, effect size = 0.88). In conclusion, the PNF stretching system, which uses a low-speed, high-torque motor, effectively leads to an immediate improvement in hamstring flexibility.","PeriodicalId":36150,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Human Movement","volume":"422 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72424835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.21134/eurjhm.2023.50.2
Antonio J Ruiz
This work aimed to describe the visual search behavior of basketball referees. Eight national and eight regional basketball referees took part in the study. The participants watched five projected gameplay video clips twice from different perspectives: lead and trail referee positions. Dependent variables were based on the extrinsic ocular motility (number of fixations, average fixation time, and total fixation time on the selected areas of interest), and the independent variables were expertise (expert vs novice) and visual angle (lead vs trail referee position). Most gaze behavior differences were found between the lead and trail positions (total fixation time: F = 10.79; p < 0.01; ƞp² = 0.435; average fixation time: F = 16.23; p < 0.01; ƞp² = 0.537). It was found that basketball referees mainly follow a target strategy on the attacking player with the ball and a visual pivot on the players' trunk. Expertise does not determine the number or time of fixations, but it does influence fixation location.
{"title":"Basketball referee's gaze behavior and stimulus selection in relation to visual angle perspective and officiating mechanics and expertise","authors":"Antonio J Ruiz","doi":"10.21134/eurjhm.2023.50.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21134/eurjhm.2023.50.2","url":null,"abstract":"This work aimed to describe the visual search behavior of basketball referees. Eight national and eight regional basketball referees took part in the study. The participants watched five projected gameplay video clips twice from different perspectives: lead and trail referee positions. Dependent variables were based on the extrinsic ocular motility (number of fixations, average fixation time, and total fixation time on the selected areas of interest), and the independent variables were expertise (expert vs novice) and visual angle (lead vs trail referee position). Most gaze behavior differences were found between the lead and trail positions (total fixation time: F = 10.79; p < 0.01; ƞp² = 0.435; average fixation time: F = 16.23; p < 0.01; ƞp² = 0.537). It was found that basketball referees mainly follow a target strategy on the attacking player with the ball and a visual pivot on the players' trunk. Expertise does not determine the number or time of fixations, but it does influence fixation location.","PeriodicalId":36150,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Human Movement","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80206199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.21134/eurjhm.2023.50.9
Cicero Luciano Alves Costa
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the goal difficulty level on the volleyball serve learning and if the perceived sports competence mediates this process. Adolescent volunteers (N = 22, age = 14.0 ± 0.9 years) participated in this study performing the volleyball serve. Two experimental groups were formed: high difficult goal group (HDG; n = 11) and low difficult goal group (LDG; n = 11). Both groups performed 15 trials in the pretest, 160 trials in the acquisition throughout four days, and 15 trials in the retention test after 72 hours. Performance was measured by means of the target bull’s-eye accuracy of the volleyball serve. Comparing the two groups' performance accuracy and consistency on pretest and retention tests was run through two-way ANOVA and ANCOVA (2 Groups x 2 Blocks). The results showed high goal led to greater performance accuracy in the retention than the lower goal, with a very large effect size. The HDG had higher accuracy in the retention test than the pretest (p < .001), while the LDG had no improvement. ANCOVA detected significant between the covariate perceived sport competence and tests. The effect size magnitude of the high goal difficulty in the serve accuracy was higher when adjusted by perceived sports competence. This finding indicates that perceived sports competence could maximize goal difficulty effectiveness. In conclusion, the goal with high difficulty is more effective for volleyball serve learning than low difficulty, and the perceived sports competence seems to moderate the learning process.
{"title":"Goal difficulty level and perceived competence on volleyball serve learning","authors":"Cicero Luciano Alves Costa","doi":"10.21134/eurjhm.2023.50.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21134/eurjhm.2023.50.9","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the goal difficulty level on the volleyball serve learning and if the perceived sports competence mediates this process. Adolescent volunteers (N = 22, age = 14.0 ± 0.9 years) participated in this study performing the volleyball serve. Two experimental groups were formed: high difficult goal group (HDG; n = 11) and low difficult goal group (LDG; n = 11). Both groups performed 15 trials in the pretest, 160 trials in the acquisition throughout four days, and 15 trials in the retention test after 72 hours. Performance was measured by means of the target bull’s-eye accuracy of the volleyball serve. Comparing the two groups' performance accuracy and consistency on pretest and retention tests was run through two-way ANOVA and ANCOVA (2 Groups x 2 Blocks). The results showed high goal led to greater performance accuracy in the retention than the lower goal, with a very large effect size. The HDG had higher accuracy in the retention test than the pretest (p < .001), while the LDG had no improvement. ANCOVA detected significant between the covariate perceived sport competence and tests. The effect size magnitude of the high goal difficulty in the serve accuracy was higher when adjusted by perceived sports competence. This finding indicates that perceived sports competence could maximize goal difficulty effectiveness. In conclusion, the goal with high difficulty is more effective for volleyball serve learning than low difficulty, and the perceived sports competence seems to moderate the learning process.","PeriodicalId":36150,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Human Movement","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86362838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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