Biosafety and Health最新文献_第6页

Q fever diagnosed using metagenomic next-generation sequencing in Guangdong Province, China 广东省新一代宏基因组测序诊断Q热

IF 3.5 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Biosafety and Health

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2024.11.003

Ting Hu , Yuan Cheng , Jia Wan , Yandong Liu , Yali Zhuang , Mengxi Zhou , Xin Zhang , Xiaohua Tan , Aiping Deng , Meng Zhang , Peng Wang , Xiaoying Li , Jun Zong , Lihong Cheng , Min Kang

Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by infection with Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii). Due to its atypical symptoms and the absence of specific detection methods, Q fever is underdiagnosed commonly. Herein, we report a case of Q fever confirmed by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in March 2024 in Guangdong Province, China. The patient initially experienced fever and was admitted to hospital six days later. Despite a series of laboratory tests conducted at the hospital, the pathogen remained undetermined. Ten days after admission, mNGS revealed that the patient was infected with C. burnetii. The patient subsequently underwent treatment with doxycycline and recovered well. Epidemiological investigation revealed that the patient had been exposed to sheep infected with C. burnetii without any protective measures in Jiangxi Province, China. Based on the comprehensive results of mNGS, exposure history, clinical manifestations and treatment response, the patient was confirmed as a Q fever case. As a neglected and underestimated illness, Q fever necessitates an elevation in awareness among medical staff and the public. The public should be encouraged to take personal protective measures when exposed to livestock. Further research is needed to explore the rational application of mNGS in the diagnosis of uncommon and unknown diseases.

Q热是一种人畜共患疾病，由感染伯氏克希菌（C. burnetii）引起。由于其不典型的症状和缺乏特异性的检测方法，Q热通常被误诊。在此，我们报告了2024年3月在中国广东省通过宏基因组下一代测序（mNGS）确诊的Q热病例。患者最初出现发烧症状，6天后入院。尽管在医院进行了一系列实验室检测，但病原体仍未确定。入院10天后，mNGS显示患者感染了伯纳蒂胞杆菌。患者随后接受强力霉素治疗，恢复良好。流行病学调查显示，患者在未采取任何防护措施的情况下曾在江西省接触感染伯纳蒂胞杆菌的绵羊。综合mNGS、暴露史、临床表现及治疗反应，确认为Q热病例。Q热作为一种被忽视和低估的疾病，需要提高医护人员和公众的认识。应鼓励公众在接触牲畜时采取个人防护措施。mNGS在罕见和未知疾病诊断中的合理应用有待进一步研究。

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引用次数: 0

A comparative analysis of influenza and COVID-19: Environmental-ecological impacts, socioeconomic implications, and future challenges 流感和COVID-19的比较分析：环境生态影响、社会经济影响和未来挑战

IF 3.5 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Biosafety and Health

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2024.10.001

Yongman Guo , Kuiying Gu , Paul A. Garber , Ruiling Zhang , Zijian Zhao , Lei Xu

In the last century, global pandemics have been primarily driven by respiratory infections, which consistently rank among the top 20 causes of death worldwide. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has underscored the intricate nature of managing multiple health crises simultaneously. In recent years, climate change has emerged as a major biosafety and population health challenge. Global warming and extreme weather events have intensified outbreaks of climate-sensitive infectious diseases, especially respiratory diseases. Influenza and COVID-19 have emerged as two of the most significant respiratory pandemics, each with unique epidemic characteristics and far-reaching consequences. Our comparative analysis reveals that while both diseases exhibit high transmission rates, COVID-19′s longer incubation period and higher severity have led to more profound and prolonged socioeconomic disruptions than influenza. Both pandemics have highlighted the exacerbating effects of climate change, with extreme weather events intensifying the spread and impact of these diseases. The COVID-19 pandemic exposed vulnerabilities in global healthcare systems and economies on an unprecedented scale, outstripping the strain caused by influenza outbreaks. Importantly, the COVID-19 pandemic has not only reshaped global public health strategies but also significantly impacted the epidemiology of influenza. Despite these differences and associations, both diseases underscore the urgent need for robust pandemic preparedness and adaptable public health strategies. This review delineates the overlaps and distinctions between influenza and COVID-19, offering insights into future challenges and the critical steps needed to enhance healthcare system resilience and improve global responses to pandemics.

在上个世纪，全球大流行病主要是由呼吸道感染引起的，呼吸道感染一直是全世界前20大死亡原因之一。2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行凸显了同时管理多重卫生危机的复杂性。近年来，气候变化已成为一项重大的生物安全和人口健康挑战。全球变暖和极端天气事件加剧了对气候敏感的传染病，特别是呼吸道疾病的爆发。流感和COVID-19已成为两种最严重的呼吸道大流行病，每种流行病都具有独特的流行特征和深远的后果。我们的比较分析显示，虽然这两种疾病的传播率都很高，但COVID-19的潜伏期更长，严重程度更高，导致了比流感更深刻和更长期的社会经济破坏。这两大流行病都突显了气候变化的加剧效应，极端天气事件加剧了这些疾病的传播和影响。2019冠状病毒病大流行以前所未有的规模暴露了全球卫生保健系统和经济的脆弱性，其程度超过了流感疫情造成的压力。重要的是，2019冠状病毒病大流行不仅重塑了全球公共卫生战略，而且对流感流行病学产生了重大影响。尽管存在这些差异和关联，但这两种疾病都强调迫切需要强有力的大流行防范和适应性强的公共卫生战略。本综述概述了流感和COVID-19之间的重叠和区别，为未来的挑战以及加强卫生保健系统抵御能力和改善全球应对大流行所需的关键步骤提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Rapidly quantification of intact infectious H1N1 virus using ICA-qPCR and PMA-qPCR 采用ICA-qPCR和PMA-qPCR快速定量检测完整的传染性H1N1病毒

IF 3.5 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Biosafety and Health

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2024.11.004

Chudan Liang , Zequn Wang , Linjin Fan , Yulong Wang , Yuandong Zhou , Xiaofeng Yang , Jingyan Lin , Pengfei Ye , Wendi Shi , Hongxin Huang , Huijun Yan , Linna Liu , Jun Qian

The increase in emerging and reemerging infectious diseases has underscored the need for the prompt monitoring of intact infectious viruses and the quick assessment of their infectivity. However, molecular techniques cannot distinguish between intact infectious and noninfectious viruses. Here, two distinct methodologies have been developed for the expeditious and dependable quantification of intact infectious H1N1 virus, and several experiments have been conducted to substantiate their efficacy. One is an integrated cell absorption quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method (ICA-qPCR), and the other is a combined propidium monoazide qPCR method (PMA-qPCR). The quantification limit is 100 cell culture infective dose 50 % (CCID₅₀)/mL in ICA-qPCR following a 1.5-hour cell absorption or 126 CCID₅₀/mL after a 15-minute incubation. For PMA-qPCR, the limit was 2,512 CCID₅₀/mL. The number of genome copies quantified by the ICA-qPCR and PMA-qPCR methods was strongly correlated with the infectious titer determined by the CCID₅₀ assay, thereby enabling the estimation of virus infectivity. The ICA-qPCR and PMA-qPCR methods are both suitable for the identification and quantification of intact infectious H1N1 virus in inactivated samples, wastewater, and biological materials. In conclusion, the ICA-qPCR and PMA-qPCR methods have distinct advantages and disadvantages, and can be used to quantify intact infectious viruses rapidly. These methodologies can facilitate the identification of the presence of intact infectious viruses in wastewater or on pathogen-related physical surfaces in high-level biosafety laboratories and medical facilities. Furthermore, these methodologies can also be utilized to detect other highly pathogenic pathogens.

新出现和重新出现的传染病的增加突出表明，需要及时监测完整的传染性病毒并迅速评估其传染性。然而，分子技术无法区分完整的感染性病毒和非感染性病毒。在这里，已经开发了两种不同的方法来快速可靠地定量完整的传染性H1N1病毒，并进行了一些实验来证实它们的有效性。一种是综合细胞吸收定量聚合酶链反应（ICA-qPCR）法，另一种是综合单叠氮丙啶qPCR法（PMA-qPCR）。在ICA-qPCR中，细胞吸收1.5小时后，定量限为100细胞培养感染剂量50% (CCID50)/mL，孵育15分钟后为126 CCID50/mL。PMA-qPCR的检测限为2512 CCID50/mL。通过ICA-qPCR和PMA-qPCR方法定量的基因组拷贝数与CCID50测定的感染滴度密切相关，从而能够估计病毒的传染性。ICA-qPCR和PMA-qPCR方法均适用于灭活样品、废水和生物材料中完整感染性H1N1病毒的鉴定和定量。综上所述，ICA-qPCR和PMA-qPCR方法具有明显的优势和劣势，可用于快速定量完整的感染性病毒。这些方法有助于查明废水中或高级别生物安全实验室和医疗设施中与病原体有关的物理表面上是否存在完整的感染性病毒。此外，这些方法也可用于检测其他高致病性病原体。

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引用次数: 0

Narciclasine inhibits vaccinia virus infection by activating the RhoA signaling pathway 水仙素通过激活RhoA信号通路抑制牛痘病毒感染

IF 3.5 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Biosafety and Health

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2024.11.002

Ting Xu , Zhengyang Pan , Xue Li , Mengyang Zhao , Zichen Li , Leiliang Zhang

In 2022, a sharp rise in global cases of mpox virus (MPXV) led the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare it a public health emergency of international concern. However, progress in developing drugs targeting MPXV has been slow. Here, we investigate the natural alkaloid narciclasine as a potential inhibitor of poxviruses. Our investigation demonstrates that narciclasine at 40 nmol/L (nM) to 160 nM dosages effectively blocks vaccinia virus (VACV), a representative poxvirus. Specifically, narciclasine disrupts the production of extracellular enveloped virus (EEV), which is crucial for viral spread. Narciclasine’s antiviral impact is probably attributed to its activation of the RhoA signaling pathway. This study highlights narciclasine’s potential as a promising new therapeutic candidate against poxviruses, offering prospects for its development into a potent antiviral agent that is essential for combating emerging poxvirus outbreaks.

2022年，全球麻疹病毒病例急剧增加，世界卫生组织（世卫组织）宣布其为国际关注的突发公共卫生事件。然而，针对MPXV的药物开发进展缓慢。在这里，我们研究了天然生物碱水仙素作为痘病毒的潜在抑制剂。本研究表明，水仙素在40 ~ 160 nM剂量下能有效阻断痘病毒的代表——牛痘病毒（VACV）。具体来说，水仙环素破坏细胞外包膜病毒（EEV）的产生，这对病毒传播至关重要。水仙碱的抗病毒作用可能归因于其激活RhoA信号通路。本研究突出了水仙素作为一种有前途的新型痘病毒治疗候选药物的潜力，为其发展成为对抗新出现的痘病毒爆发所必需的强效抗病毒药物提供了前景。

引用次数: 0

An outbreak of rhinovirus infection in a primary school in Shenyang City, China, in 2022 2022 年中国沈阳市一所小学爆发鼻病毒感染疫情

IF 3.5 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Biosafety and Health

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2024.09.004

Yage Wang , Jiayuan Liang , Zhibo Xie , Bing Wang , Jinhua Song , Baicheng Xia , Huiling Wang , Yao Zhang , Ye Chen , Ling Chen , Shi Cong , Yu Liu , Aili Cui , Yan Zhang

Rhinovirus (RV) is a common pathogen that causes respiratory tract infection and can cause outbreaks in hospitals and welfare institutions. A cluster of respiratory diseases occurred in a primary school in Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China, in 2022. In this outbreak, a total of 31 students had symptoms similar to those of upper respiratory tract infection, mainly cough and sore throat. Among them, 27 throat swabs were collected and identified for respiratory pathogens by TaqMan low-density array (TLDA), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), reverse transcription-nested PCR and whole-genome sequencing. Out of the 27 specimens, 24 tested positive for RV, and 21 RV viral protein 1 sequences were obtained, of which 15 (71.43%) were identified as RV-A49, while 2 RV-A20 and 4 sequences from 2 specimens were RV-A30 coinfected with RV-C15. In addition, one whole-genome sequence (WGS) of RV-A49 was obtained, and three unique amino acid mutations were found compared to 23 WGS of RV-A49 from GenBank. In conclusion, this outbreak of upper respiratory tract infection is caused by RV, mainly RV-A49.

鼻病毒（RV）是一种引起呼吸道感染的常见病原体，可在医院和福利机构引起暴发流行。2022 年，中国辽宁省沈阳市的一所小学发生了一起呼吸道疾病聚集性疫情。在这次疫情中，共有 31 名学生出现类似上呼吸道感染的症状，主要是咳嗽和咽喉痛。采集了其中 27 份咽拭子标本，并通过 TaqMan 低密度阵列（TLDA）、实时定量聚合酶链反应（PCR）、反转录巢式 PCR 和全基因组测序对呼吸道病原体进行了鉴定。在 27 个标本中，24 个标本的 RV 检测呈阳性，获得 21 个 RV 病毒蛋白 1 序列，其中 15 个（71.43%）被鉴定为 RV-A49，2 个 RV-A20 和 2 个标本的 4 个序列为 RV-A30 与 RV-C15 共感染。此外，还获得了一个 RV-A49 的全基因组序列（WGS），与 GenBank 中 23 个 RV-A49 的 WGS 相比，发现了 3 个独特的氨基酸突变。总之，此次上呼吸道感染疫情是由 RV（主要是 RV-A49）引起的。

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引用次数: 0

Biosafety and immunology: An interdisciplinary field for health priority 生物安全与免疫学：健康优先的跨学科领域

IF 3.5 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Biosafety and Health

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2024.07.005

Jun Liu , Gary Wong , Hui Li , Yan Yang , Yuxi Cao , Yongfeng Li , Yan Wu , Zijie Zhang , Cong Jin , Xi Wang , Yongwen Chen , Bin Su , Zhongfang Wang , Qihui Wang , Yunlong Cao , Guobing Chen , Zhaohui Qian , Jincun Zhao , Guizhen Wu

Biosafety hazards can trigger a host immune response after infection, invasion, or contact with the host. Whether infection with a microorganism results in disease or biosafety concerns depends to a large extent on the immune status of the population. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the immunological characteristics of the host and the mechanisms of biological threats and agents to protect the host more effectively. Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, such as the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, have raised concerns regarding both biosafety and immunology worldwide. Interdisciplinary studies involved in biosafety and immunology are relevant in many fields, including the development of vaccines and other immune interventions such as monoclonal antibodies and T-cells, herd immunity (or population-level barrier immunity), immunopathology, and multispecies immunity, i.e., animals and even plants. Meanwhile, advances in immunological science and technology are occurring rapidly, resulting in important research achievements that may contribute to the recognition of emerging biosafety hazards, as well as early warning, prevention, and defense systems. This review provides an overview of the interdisciplinary field of biosafety and immunology. Close collaboration and innovative application of immunology in the field of biosafety is becoming essential for human health.

生物安全危害在感染、入侵或接触宿主后会引发宿主免疫反应。感染微生物是否会导致疾病或生物安全问题，在很大程度上取决于人群的免疫状况。因此，必须研究宿主的免疫学特征以及生物威胁和生物制剂的机制，以便更有效地保护宿主。新出现和再次出现的传染病，如目前的 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行，引起了全世界对生物安全和免疫学的关注。生物安全和免疫学所涉及的跨学科研究与许多领域息息相关，包括疫苗和其他免疫干预措施（如单克隆抗体和 T 细胞）的开发、群体免疫（或种群屏障免疫）、免疫病理学以及多物种免疫（即动物甚至植物）。与此同时，免疫学科学和技术也在迅速发展，取得了重要的研究成果，这些成果可能有助于识别新出现的生物安全危害，并有助于建立早期预警、预防和防御系统。本综述概述了生物安全与免疫学这一跨学科领域。免疫学在生物安全领域的密切合作和创新应用对人类健康至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Drupacine as a potent SARS-CoV-2 replication inhibitor in vitro 杜拉辛是一种有效的 SARS-CoV-2 体外复制抑制剂

IF 3.5 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Biosafety and Health

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2024.09.001

Chen Yang , Yanying Yu , Qi Peng , Jingwei Song , Bo Sun , Yi Shi , Qiang Ding

Despite the availability of vaccines and antiviral treatments, the continued emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants and breakthrough infections underscores the need for new, potent antiviral therapies. In a previous study, we established a transcription and replication-competent SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particle (trVLP) system that recapitulates the complete viral life cycle. In this study, we combined high-content screening (HCS) with the SARS-CoV-2 trVLP cell culture system, providing a powerful phenotype-oriented approach to assess the antiviral potential of compounds on a large scale. We screened a library of 3,200 natural compounds and identified drupacine as a potential candidate against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, we utilized a SARS-CoV-2 replicon system to demonstrate that drupacine could inhibit viral genome transcription and replication. However, in vitro, enzymatic assays revealed that the inhibition could not be attributed to conventional antiviral targets, such as the viral non-structural proteins nsp5 (MPro) or nsp12 (RdRp). In conclusion, our findings position drupacine as a promising antiviral candidate against SARS-CoV-2, providing a novel scaffold for developing anti-coronavirus disease 2019 therapeutics. Further investigation is required to pinpoint its precise target and mechanism of action.

尽管已经有了疫苗和抗病毒治疗方法，但严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）变种和突破性感染的不断出现凸显了对新型强效抗病毒疗法的需求。在之前的一项研究中，我们建立了一个转录和复制能力强的 SARS-CoV-2 病毒样颗粒（trVLP）系统，该系统再现了病毒的完整生命周期。在本研究中，我们将高内涵筛选（HCS）与 SARS-CoV-2 trVLP 细胞培养系统相结合，提供了一种以表型为导向的强大方法来大规模评估化合物的抗病毒潜力。我们筛选了一个包含 3,200 种天然化合物的化合物库，发现 drupacine 是一种潜在的抗 SARS-CoV-2 感染候选化合物。此外，我们还利用 SARS-CoV-2 复制子系统证明了 drupacine 可抑制病毒基因组转录和复制。然而，体外酶学测定显示，这种抑制作用不能归因于传统的抗病毒靶点，如病毒非结构蛋白 nsp5（MPro）或 nsp12（RdRp）。总之，我们的研究结果将 drupacine 定位为一种很有前景的 SARS-CoV-2 候选抗病毒药物，为 2019 年开发抗冠状病毒疾病疗法提供了一个新的支架。要确定其精确靶点和作用机制，还需要进一步研究。

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引用次数: 0

Vaccinia virus Tiantan strain blocks host antiviral innate immunity and programmed cell death by disrupting gene expression 通过破坏基因表达阻断宿主的抗病毒先天免疫和程序性细胞死亡

IF 3.5 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Biosafety and Health

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2024.08.001

Changcheng Wu , Zhongxian Zhang , Zhaoqing Li , Ruorui Li , Shuting Huo , Han Li , Roujian Lu , Houwen Tian , Wenling Wang , Li Zhao , Baoying Huang , Yao Deng , Wenjie Tan

The vaccinia virus Tiantan (VTT) is widely utilized as a smallpox vaccine in China and holds significant importance in the prevention of diseases stemming from poxvirus infections. Nevertheless, few studies have investigated the influence of VTT infection on host gene expression. In this study, we constructed time series transcriptomic profiles of HeLa cells infected with both VTT and western reserve (WR) strains. We observed similar patterns of viral gene expression, while the expression levels of host genes varied between the two strains. There was an immediate and significant repression of host gene expression, particularly in genes associated with oxidative phosphorylation. Conversely, genes involved in nerve growth factor (NGF)-stimulated transcription were significantly activated. The upregulation of genes linked to the ribonucleic acid (RNA)-induced silencing complex (RISC) suggested a potential role for posttranscriptional regulation in the interaction between the vaccinia virus and the host. In the later stages of infection, pathways such as extracellular matrix organization, neutrophil degranulation, complement and interferon responses, translation, and programmed cell death are largely inhibited. A significant number of host genes exhibit correlations with changes in the expression levels of viral genes. The host genes that are negatively correlated with viral genes are mainly enriched in pathways associated with translation and the response to viral infection. This study significantly contributes to advancing our understanding of the dynamics between the vaccinia virus and the host, improving the application of VTTs and facilitating the development of effective vaccines against diseases such as smallpox and monkeypox.

疫苗病毒 "天坛"（VTT）在中国被广泛用作天花疫苗，在预防由痘病毒感染引起的疾病方面具有重要意义。然而，很少有研究探讨 VTT 感染对宿主基因表达的影响。在本研究中，我们构建了感染 VTT 和 Western Reserve（WR）毒株的 HeLa 细胞的时间序列转录组图谱。我们观察到病毒基因表达的相似模式，而宿主基因的表达水平在两种毒株之间存在差异。宿主基因的表达立即受到明显抑制，尤其是与氧化磷酸化相关的基因。相反，参与神经生长因子（NGF）刺激转录的基因则被显著激活。与核糖核酸（RNA）诱导沉默复合体（RISC）相关的基因上调表明，转录后调控在疫苗病毒与宿主的相互作用中可能发挥作用。在感染后期，细胞外基质组织、中性粒细胞脱颗粒、补体和干扰素反应、翻译和细胞程序性死亡等途径在很大程度上受到抑制。大量宿主基因与病毒基因表达水平的变化存在相关性。与病毒基因呈负相关的宿主基因主要集中在与翻译和病毒感染反应相关的通路中。这项研究极大地促进了我们对疫苗病毒与宿主之间动态关系的理解，提高了 VTTs 的应用水平，并有助于开发有效的疫苗来预防天花和猴痘等疾病。

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引用次数: 0

Advances and challenges of mpox detection technology mpox 检测技术的进步与挑战

IF 3.5 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Biosafety and Health

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2024.09.005

Wenjing Liu , Erxin Zhang , Wei Li , Ruichen Lv , Yanfeng Lin , Yingjia Xu , Jiameng Li , Yuzhen Lai , Yuxin Jiang , Sijia Lin , Xueqin Wang , Peize Zhou , Yue Song , Wanpeng Shen , Yiqian Sun , Yuexi Li

Mpox is a zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV). Diagnosing and treating the disease has become a global health concern requiring close attention to its spread to non-endemic regions. Clinical diagnosis is based on laboratory test results. Conventional detection techniques include real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), genome sequencing, antigen and antibody identification, and virus isolation. Nevertheless, these methods fall short of rapidly and efficiently identifying MPXV, as they require specialized training, specific laboratory environments, and professional-grade equipment. Emerging technologies offer complementary advantages to meet diverse diagnostic needs, including various point-of-care testing (POCT) approaches and integrating biosensors with rapid detection techniques. This review discusses prospective future research avenues for MPXV detection, examining the advances and challenges of various detection techniques which may contribute to the ongoing elimination of mpox human-to-human transmission and serves as a reference for developing effective prevention and control strategies.

猴痘是一种由猴痘病毒（MPXV）引起的人畜共患疾病。该疾病的诊断和治疗已成为全球健康问题，需要密切关注其向非流行地区的传播。临床诊断以实验室检测结果为基础。传统的检测技术包括实时定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR）、基因组测序、抗原和抗体鉴定以及病毒分离。然而，这些方法需要专业培训、特定的实验室环境和专业级设备，因此无法快速有效地识别 MPXV。新兴技术具有互补优势，可满足不同的诊断需求，包括各种床旁检测（POCT）方法以及将生物传感器与快速检测技术相结合。本综述讨论了 MPXV 检测的未来研究方向，研究了各种检测技术的进展和挑战，这些技术可能有助于持续消除天花的人际传播，并为制定有效的预防和控制策略提供参考。

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引用次数: 0

Construction of pseudotyped human coronaviruses and detection of pre-existing antibodies in the human population 构建伪型人类冠状病毒并检测人群中已有的抗体

IF 3.5 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Biosafety and Health

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2024.09.002

Qi Jiang , Xi Wu , Fangyu Dong , Shan Qiao , Qiaoyun Shi , Changyong Jian , Chen Chen , Jiuyue Zhou , Youchun Wang , Weijin Huang

In order to clarify the pre-exist immunity background of different human coronaviruses (HCoV), this study investigated the positive rate of spike (S) protein antibodies of HCoV, including HCoV- severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) −associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1 and HCoV-OC43, before and after the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. We utilized pseudotyped virus-based neutralization assays (PBNA) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to detect antibody levels against HCoV in serum samples collected in 2009–2010 and 2023. The PBNA results showed that neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-1 and the MERS-CoV were negative. In the serum samples from 2009 to 2010, neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 (D614G) were negative, whereas in the serum samples from 2023, 73 samples (73 %) showed neutralizing reactions with the SARS-CoV-2 D614G strain, 96 samples (96 %) with the BA.5 strain, and 91 samples (91 %) with the BF.7 strain. Among pre-COVID-19 samples, 33 % (33/100) showed neutralizing reactions with HCoV-229E and 63 % (63/100) with HCoV-NL63. Among post-COVID-19 samples, 50 % (50/100) showed neutralizing reactions with HCoV-229E and 49 % (49/100) with HCoV-NL63. Due to the different receptors of alpha coronavirus genus compared to other beta coronavirus genus, neutralizing antibodies against HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-HKU1 virus cannot be detected by constructing corresponding pseudotyped virus. Binding antibodies against HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-HKU1 virus were detected using ELISA. The results revealed that among pre-COVID-19 samples, 83 % (83/100) and 45 % (45/100) had binding activity with HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-HKU1, respectively. Among post-COVID-19 samples, 100 % (100/100) and 81 % (81/100) had binding activity with HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-HKU1, respectively.

在 2019 年冠状病毒疾病（COVID-19）爆发前后，我们利用基于伪型病毒的冠状病毒抗体（Pseudotypes virus-based Coronavirus-Based抗体）对 HCoV、严重急性呼吸系统综合征（SARS）相关冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-1）、严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）、中东呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒（MERS-CoV）、HCoV-229E、HCoV-NL63、HCoV-HKU1 和 HCoV-OC43 进行了检测。我们利用基于伪型病毒的中和试验（PBNA）或酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测了 2009-2010 年和 2023 年采集的血清样本中的 HCoV 抗体水平。PBNA 结果显示，SARS-CoV-1 和 MERS-CoV 的中和抗体呈阴性。在 2009 年至 2010 年的血清样本中，SARS-CoV-2（D614G）的中和抗体呈阴性，而在 2023 年的血清样本中，73 个样本（73%）与 SARS-CoV-2 D614G 株出现中和反应，96 个样本（96%）与 BA.5 株出现中和反应，91 个样本（91%）与 BF.7 株出现中和反应。在 COVID-19 前的样本中，33%（33/100）与 HCoV-229E 发生中和反应，63%（63/100）与 HCoV-NL63 发生中和反应。在 COVID-19 后的样本中，50%（50/100）的样本与 HCoV-229E 发生中和反应，49%（49/100）的样本与 HCoV-NL63 发生中和反应。由于α冠状病毒属的受体与其他β冠状病毒属不同，因此无法通过构建相应的伪型病毒来检测针对HCoV-OC43和HCoV-HKU1病毒的中和抗体。使用 ELISA 方法检测了针对 HCoV-OC43 和 HCoV-HKU1 病毒的结合抗体。结果显示，在 COVID-19 前的样本中，83%（83/100）和 45%（45/100）的样本与 HCoV-OC43 和 HCoV-HKU1 病毒具有结合活性。在 COVID-19 后的样本中，与 HCoV-OC43 和 HCoV-HKU1 的结合活性分别为 100%（100/100）和 81%（81/100）。

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