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The Roman mining legislation of the Late Empire 罗马帝国晚期的采矿立法
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/STA1565091S
D. Z. Sajin
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引用次数: 0
Late antique domus in Skelani (Municipium Malvesiatium) Skalani(Malvesiatium市)的古代晚期住宅
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/STA1565197G
Nadezda Gavrilovic-Vitas, B. Popovic
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引用次数: 1
Population of Viminacium during the Migration Period: Segment without artificially deformed skulls 迁徙时期的维族:没有人为颅骨畸形的部分
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/STA1565107M
Ilija Mikić
– In the 1980s, at the site of Viminacium – Vi{e Grobalja, 31 artificially deformed skulls were discovered at the necropolis ascribed to the Gepids. These skulls attracted much attention from anthropologists as they represent the largest series of artificially deformed skulls in this part of Europe. Another 63 skulls, showing no traces of artificial deformation have, thus far, been disregarded, hence they will now be published in more detail and those best preserved, illustrated in this paper. In 2006, the published archaeological analysis confirmed that this site is, in fact, a case of two necropolises from the Migration Period, which were, however, spatially and chronologically linked. They were named as Viminacium II, specifically Vi{e Grobalja 1 and Vi{e Grobalja 2. The older necropolis (1) contained 36 skeletons, and the younger (2), 58 skeletons. This paper includes another two Viminacium necropolises from the Migration Period – the necropolis of Burdelj (i.e. Viminacium I) with 66 graves and the necropolis of Lanci (i.e. Viminacium III) with 15 graves. Simply stated, the anthropological characteristics of the skeletons from these four necropolises of Viminacium from the Migration Period – Burdelj, Vi{e Grobalja 1, Vi{e Grobalja 2 and Lanci, excluding the previously published artificially deformed skulls, demonstrate a low degree of heterogeneity.
- 1980年代,在Viminacium - vie Grobalja遗址,在墓地发现了31个人工变形的头盖骨,被认为是格皮德人的。这些头骨引起了人类学家的广泛关注,因为它们代表了欧洲这一地区最大的人工变形头骨系列。另外63个头骨,没有显示出人为变形的痕迹,到目前为止,被忽视了,因此他们现在将更详细地发表,那些保存最好的,在论文中说明。2006年,发表的考古分析证实,这个遗址实际上是两个迁徙时期的墓地,然而,它们在空间和时间上是相连的。它们被命名为Viminacium II,具体地说是维埃·格罗巴利亚1号和维埃·格罗巴利亚2号。较老的墓地(1)有36具骷髅,较年轻的墓地(2)有58具骷髅。本文包括另外两个来自迁徙时期的Viminacium墓地- Burdelj墓地(即Viminacium I)有66个坟墓和Lanci墓地(即Viminacium III)有15个坟墓。简单地说,除了先前公布的人工变形的头骨外,从迁徙时期的四个维米尼亚人墓地(Burdelj, Vi{e Grobalja 1, Vi{e Grobalja 2和Lanci)中发现的骨骼的人类学特征表明,它们的异质性程度很低。
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引用次数: 0
Vinča bowls with protoma 带原体的绞盘碗
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/STA1464185S
Miloš P. Spasić, Adam N. Crnobrnja
Bowls with protoma represent one of several tens of types of Vinca vessels made of baked clay which have been published as finds excavated at Vinca sites for more than a century. We are dealing here with bowls of a markedly conical profile, with angled and slightly rounded walls and with a flat or slightly annular bottom. In most cases these bowls are not decorated, with the exception of the rare finds decorated by fluting, engraving and polishing. Their most significant peculiarity is the presence of four or eight protoma on the rim, facing the inside of the vessel. Taking into consideration all stylistic-typological characteristics, it is possible to divide them into two coherent categories of finds. The first consists of bowls with four oppositely placed protoma. Within this group it is possible to single out two subtypes, bowls with all four as anthropomorphic (Pl. I/6, 7; Pl. III/34) or all four as zoomorphic representations (Pl. I/5, 8, 9; Pl. III/33, 36). Bowls with eight protoma have actually got four pairs of oppositely placed representations. It was possible to discern two subtypes based on the objects that were completely preserved. The first subtype includes a bowl from the so-called Vinca ritual set, with two pairs of zoomorphic and two pairs of anthropomorphic protoma, both oppositely placed (Pl. I/3). The second subtype includes a bowl from house 1/2010 from Stubline with four identical, paired, totally stylised and schematised representations, whose identification is impossible (Fig. 1; Pl. I/1). Taking into consideration the metric and technological data, the thesis that seems most possible is that the bowls with protoma served for the consumption of or the storing/displaying of the content during some quite specific activities. Bowls with protoma appear in almost all regions of the central Balkans populated by Vinca culture communities and we do not note them in the areas of the neighbouring Late Neolithic communities. These bowls appear in a very long and clearly defined time span and their usage lasts for exactly the same time as the Vinca culture itself, appearing at the same time and together disappearing. The first vessels with their protoma facing the inside, appear almost synchronously at the very beginning of the Vinca culture, that is the Late Neolithic of the Balkans, in the centre of its area (Vinca and Grivac), but also in its furthermost peripheral areas (Roszke-Ludvar and Anza). Such a long period of almost 700 hundred years, in which one complex iconographic pattern survives without any significant changes (with the exception of the stylistic characteristics of the protoma themselves), primarily points to a long-standing and unchanged custom/belief/ritual that can evidently be associated solely with the communities within the Vinca culture. It is important to highlight the fact that bowls with protoma show “canonic” consistency to the ut
带有原瘤的碗代表了数十种由烤粘土制成的蔓长春器皿中的一种,这些器皿已经在一个多世纪前在蔓长春遗址出土。我们在这里处理的碗具有明显的圆锥形轮廓,有角度和略圆的壁,底部平坦或略环形。在大多数情况下,这些碗没有装饰,除了罕见的发现装饰凹槽,雕刻和抛光。它们最显著的特点是在边缘有四个或八个面向血管内部的原瘤。考虑到所有的文体类型特征,有可能将它们分为两类连贯的发现。第一种是有四个相对放置的原瘤的碗。在这一组中,可以挑出两种亚型,四种都是拟人化的碗(Pl. I/ 6,7;Pl. III/34)或所有四种作为兽形表示(Pl. I/ 5,8,9;Pl. III/ 33,36)。有八个原瘤的碗实际上有四对相反位置的表征。根据保存完好的物品,可以区分出两种亚型。第一个亚型包括一个来自所谓的长春花仪式套装的碗,上面有两对兽形和两对拟人的原瘤,都是相对放置的(Pl. I/3)。第二种亚型包括来自Stubline的house 1/2010的一个碗,它有四个相同的、配对的、完全程式化和示意图化的表征,其识别是不可能的(图1;Pl / 1)。考虑到度量和技术数据,似乎最有可能的论点是,在一些非常具体的活动中,带有原形的碗是用于消费或存储/显示内容的。带有原瘤的碗几乎出现在巴尔干中部所有有温卡文化社区居住的地区,我们没有在邻近的新石器时代晚期社区发现它们。这些碗出现的时间跨度很长,也很明确,它们的使用时间与长春花文化本身完全相同,同时出现,同时消失。第一批容器的原瘤面向内部,几乎同时出现在温卡文化的最开始,也就是巴尔干地区的新石器时代晚期,在温卡文化的中心地区(温卡和格里瓦茨),但也出现在更远的外围地区(罗斯克-路德瓦尔和安扎)。在如此漫长的700年时间里,一个复杂的肖像图案没有任何重大变化(除了原始人本身的风格特征),这主要表明了一个长期不变的习俗/信仰/仪式,这显然只与温卡文化中的社区有关。重要的是要强调这样一个事实,即带有原瘤的碗在最大程度上显示了“正统”的一致性,甚至比同时存在的祭祀祭坛和拟形盖子更重要。基于以上所述,我们是否可以假设,在我们面前有一种被明确册封的物质模式,通过这种模式,我们可以感受到一个独特群体的明确定义的思维方式/信仰?他们的突然消失,连同温卡文化的消失,也就是说新石器时代晚期的生活方式,不应该令人惊讶。随着最后一个温卡定居点的放弃,不仅在物质文化上可以察觉到变化,而且,最重要的是,在社会制度和社区组织方面。公元前五千年中期社会结构的根本变化,显然导致了当时社会中许多根深蒂固的价值观的衰落和消失,以及信仰和传奇的体系。这导致了使用原瘤的容器的消失,这是长春花文化最坚定的物质表现之一。
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引用次数: 1
Ein nachtrag zu den PBF-Bänden; Die den Zentralbalkan betreffen 一共做了几次覆盖巴尔干中部地区
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/STA1464205V
Rastko Vasić
Der Autor betrachtet neue Bronzefunde, Sicheln, Fibeln, Nadeln und Halsringe aus dem Zentralbalkan, die seit der Publikation von vier PBF-Banden zu diesen Themen bekannt geworden sind. Er stellt fest, dass sie grosteils mit den vorigen Zuordnungen nach Typen und Varianten korrespondieren, anders gesagt, dass die Reihe Prahistorische Bronzefunde (PBF) ein sehr nutzliches Instrument fur das Studium der Metallzeiten ist. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. OI 177020: Archaologie Serbiens: Kulturidentitat, Integrationsfaktoren, technologische Prozesse und die Rolle des Mittelbalkans in der Entwicklung europaischer Vorgeschichte]
作者研究了巴尔干中部的新铜器、镰刀、钢条、针钉和项圈。自四家pbd乐队出版以来,这些作品就面世了。他发现,他们用不同的风格和不同的元素来代表格罗夫斯特,也就是说,普拉古青铜发现(PBF)是研究金属时代的非常有效的工具。博瑞克林1770年:塞尔维亚文物:文化身份、融合因素、技术进程和巴尔干中一段历史在欧洲历史中的作用
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引用次数: 1
Copper minerals and archaeometallurgical materials from the Vinča culture sites of Belovode and Pločnik: Overview of the evidence and new data 来自Belovode和plo<e:1> nik vin<e:1>文化遗址的铜矿物和考古冶金材料:证据和新数据概述
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/STA1464007R
Miljana Radivojević, Julka Kuzmanović-Cvetković
The Vinca culture sites of Belovode and Plocnik have been attracting scholarly attention for decades now, due to numerous discoveries indicative of copper mineral and metal use in these settlements, which are confirmed as, currently, the earliest worldwide and very likely developed independently in Eurasia.1 The authors attempt to give an overview of already published data along with new results stemming from the recently completed doctoral research of the primary author.2 All materials related to copper mineral use and pyrometallurgical activities are presented through the concept of metallurgical chaine operatoire, following the established sequence of operations,3 which is adjusted for this specific case study and divided into three categories: copper mineral processing, (s)melting debris, and the making and working of finished metal objects. The qualitative overview of available data is therefore focused mainly around the material side of the studied samples and provides an insight into the technological choices for making copper mineral ornaments and copper metal artefacts in the sites of Belovode and Plocnik. Accordingly, it provides a model for the understanding of similar material assemblages that occur in other Vinca culture sites, or beyond. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br.177012: Society, spiritual and material culture and communications in the prehistory and early history of the Balkans]
Belovode和Plocnik的Vinca文化遗址几十年来一直吸引着学术界的关注,因为许多发现表明这些定居点使用了铜矿和金属,这被证实是目前世界上最早的,很可能是在欧亚大陆独立发展起来的。1作者试图概述已经发表的数据以及来自第一作者最近完成的博士研究的新结果2所有与铜矿使用和火法冶金活动相关的材料都是通过冶金链操作的概念来呈现的,遵循既定的操作顺序,3根据本具体案例研究进行了调整,并分为三类:铜矿加工,(s)熔化碎片,以及成品金属物体的制造和加工。因此,现有数据的定性概述主要集中在研究样本的材料方面,并提供了在Belovode和Plocnik遗址制作铜矿物装饰品和铜金属人工制品的技术选择的见解。因此,它为理解发生在其他长春花文化遗址或其他地方的类似材料组合提供了一个模型。[南斯拉夫]塞族共和国部长项目;177012:巴尔干地区史前和早期历史中的社会、精神和物质文化及交流]
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引用次数: 18
Early Byzantine steelyard from Belgrade 贝尔格莱德早期拜占庭式钢秤
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/sta1464161v
M. Vujović
The initial aim of this paper was to present scholarly circles with a detailed report about the insufficiently known Early Byzantine steelyard beam (Figs. 2-5; Pl. I/1) treasured in Belgrade City Museum (further in the text BCM) together with a small counterweight (Fig. 6; Pl. I/2) which, judging by its dimensions and weight, does not belong to it. However, after inspecting the documentation of BCM and the National Museum in Belgrade (further in the text NMB), the supposition that the steelyard beam from BCM represents a part of the same hoard with the well known counterweight (Fig. 7) in the form of a bust of a Byzantine empress, and the unpublished chain system with hooks for hanging loads (Fig. 8; Pl. IV), which are kept in NMB, was confirmed. The detailed examination of the museum inventory records shed light on the set of circumstances which led to the separation of the parts of the Belgrade steelyard. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 177007: Romanizacija, urbanizacija i transformacija urbanih centara civilnog,vojnog i rezidencijalnog karaktera u rimskim provincijama na tlu Srbije]
本文的最初目的是向学术界提供一份关于尚不充分了解的早期拜占庭钢秤梁的详细报告(图2-5;Pl. I/1)珍藏在贝尔格莱德城市博物馆(进一步在文本BCM中),连同一个小配重(图6;Pl. I/2),根据它的尺寸和重量判断,它不属于它。然而,在检查了BCM和贝尔格莱德国家博物馆的文件后(进一步在NMB文本中),BCM的钢尺横梁代表了与著名的拜占庭皇后半身像形式的配重(图7)相同的窖藏的一部分,以及未公布的带有钩子的挂载链系统(图8;保存在NMB的Pl. IV)得到了确认。对博物馆库存记录的详细检查揭示了导致贝尔格莱德钢秤各部分分离的一系列情况。[南斯拉夫]塞族共和国部长项目;[177007][参考文献]罗马尼亚,城市化,城市化,中央文明,城市化,城市化,农村,农村[j]。
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引用次数: 0
Excavations of Mediana in 2010 and 2011 2010年和2011年对麦地那的发掘
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/STA1464231V
M. Vasic, G. Milosevic, Nadežda Gavrilović
Throughout 2010 and 2011, a systematic nine month archaeological exploration was conducted on the north-eastern, northwestern and south-eastern parts of the villa with peristyle, as well as the area in front of the museum building (see note 8). The envisaged area of exploration was around 1,400 m². In total, 1,230 m² of this area was thoroughly examined (Fig. 1). The excavations were performed with the aim of defining the dimensions of the north-western and south-western parts of the villa, the appearance of the villa’s entrance, as well as to explore the foundations of the museum building. In the course of the excavations, certain differences were perceived in the stratigraphy of the villa with peristyle and the part excavated outside the villa.
在2010年和2011年,对别墅的东北、西北和东南部分以及博物馆建筑前的区域进行了为期9个月的系统考古勘探(见注释8)。设想的勘探面积约为1400平方米。该区域总共有1230平方米被彻底检查(图1)。进行挖掘的目的是确定别墅西北和西南部分的尺寸,别墅入口的外观,以及探索博物馆建筑的基础。在挖掘过程中,别墅的柱廊部分与别墅外挖掘部分的地层学存在一定差异。
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引用次数: 0
Über einige Tüllenbeilvarianten im Zentralbalkan 巴尔干中部的灵药
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/sta1464031g
Mario Gavranović, Aleksandar Kapuran
Im Rahmen der Vorbereitung fur die Gesamtdarstellung der bronzenen Beile aus Serbien konnten einige lokale Formen mit einem begrenzten Verbreitungsradius verzeichnet werden. Es handelt sich in erster Linie um mehrere Varianten der Tullenbeile mit einer arkadenformigen Facettierung auf dem Beilkorper, einer seitlichen Ose und einem verstarkten Tullenwulst mit horizontalen Rippen darunter. Im Bezug auf die Typologie, Verbreitung und den kultur-historischen Kontext sind die meisten der hier prasentierten Funde bislang unzureichend beschrieben. Die charakteristischen Tullenbeile lassen sich vermutlich als Produkte der Werkstatte im Zentralbalkan interpretieren. Wichtig in diesem Zusammenhang sind noch prahistorische Kupferbergwerke, die im Verbreitungsraum der umschriebenen Beile liegen. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br.OI 177020: Archaologie Serbiens: Kulturidentitat, Integrationsfaktoren, technologische Prozesse und die Rolle desMittelbalkans in der Entwicklung europaischer Vorgeschichte]
在为一系列塞尔维亚铜丝雀的总括做准备的过程中,一些地方的形状的分布受到了限制,遗憾的是,它的分布范围受到了限制。这主要有几种扁桃腺状鱿鱼,它们上面还有局部肋骨,也有局部股骨。尽管目前为止,从分类法、转译和文化历史的角度来看,大多数令人印象深刻的发现的情况令人不安。特壮观的独特牙刷看来跟巴尔干中部各工夫都有独特之处在这个关键的意义上,还有盛产的铜矿,它位于“尼龙笔”的功用范围内。博瑞克林1770年:塞尔维亚文物:文化身份、融合因素、技术进程和巴尔干中一段历史在欧洲历史中的作用
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引用次数: 0
New finds as a contribution to the study of the early bronze age in the southern part of the central Balkans 新发现是对巴尔干中部南部早期青铜器时代研究的贡献
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.2298/STA1464057B
A. Bulatović
In this paper, new sites are presented which were explored throughout the protective excavations conducted along the E 75 motorway, as well as new indicative finds from the sites in north-eastern Macedonia. These results will complete the picture of life in the Early Bronze Age communities of the territory of Southern Pomoravlje and Gornja Pcinja, as well as that of their relationship with the neighbouring populations. Of particular importance are the results of the investigation of this territory’s first explored necropolis from this period, which enriched our knowledge of the spiritual life of these communities. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br.OI177020: Archaeology of Serbia: cultural identity, integration factors, technological processes and the role of the Central Balkans in the development of European prehistory]
在本文中,介绍了沿着e75高速公路进行的保护性发掘中探索的新遗址,以及马其顿东北部遗址的新指示性发现。这些结果将完整地描绘出南Pomoravlje和Gornja Pcinja地区早期青铜时代社区的生活状况,以及他们与邻近人口的关系。特别重要的是对这一时期该地区第一个被探索的墓地的调查结果,它丰富了我们对这些社区精神生活的了解。[南斯拉夫]塞族共和国部长项目;[OI177020:塞尔维亚考古:文化认同,整合因素,技术进程和巴尔干中部在欧洲史前发展中的作用]
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Starinar
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