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The Influence of Cognitive Appraisals on the Association between Callous-Unemotional Traits and Conduct Problems during Middle Childhood. 认知评价对 "嗜好-情绪特质 "与 "中年行为问题 "之间关系的影响。
IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01272-z
Carlos R Sanchez, Victoria E Dennis, John L Cooley, Jenna G Sims, Brooke E Streicher, Adam T Schmidt

Existing research on callous-unemotional (CU) traits and conduct problems primarily focuses on the concurrent or unidirectional associations between these constructs (i.e., from CU traits to CP), with less attention given to their dynamic interplay during middle childhood. It is possible that socialization agents, such as peers, play a significant role in shaping the dynamic relation between CU traits and conduct problems early in development. Additionally, prior studies have shown that both CU traits and conduct problems are associated with poorer peer functioning. Considering the social information processing theory, which emphasizes the impact of cognitive processes on emotions and behavior in youth, this study evaluated the moderating role of cognitive appraisals (i.e., rumination, self-blame, and other-blame) in the context of peer conflict on the bidirectional association between callous-unemotional (CU) traits and conduct problems over the course of 1 academic year. The sample included 349 third- through fifth-grade students (51% boys; 53.2% Hispanic/Latinx) and their homeroom teachers (n = 30). At Time 1, children reported on their cognitive appraisals in response to peer conflict. Teachers provided reports of children's CU traits and conduct problems at Time 1 and Time 2. Results indicated that conduct problems and other-blame uniquely predicted increases in CU traits over time. Further, high levels of self-blame and rumination exacerbated the prospective link from CU traits to subsequent conduct problems. These findings highlight the importance of addressing cognitive processes in prevention approaches aimed at reducing the risk of conduct problems and CU traits among children.

现有关于 "冷酷无情"(CU)特质和行为问题的研究主要集中于这些建构之间的并发或单向关联(即从 CU 特质到 CP),而较少关注它们在童年中期的动态相互作用。在儿童成长早期,社会化因素(如同伴)可能在形成 CU 特质与行为问题之间的动态关系方面发挥着重要作用。此外,先前的研究表明,CU 特质和行为问题都与较差的同伴功能有关。社会信息处理理论强调认知过程对青少年情绪和行为的影响,考虑到这一理论,本研究评估了认知评价(即反刍、自责和他责)在同伴冲突的背景下对一学年内 "冷酷无情"(CU)特质与行为问题之间双向联系的调节作用。样本包括 349 名三至五年级学生(51% 为男生;53.2% 为西班牙裔/拉丁裔)及其班主任(n = 30)。在时间 1,孩子们报告了他们对同伴冲突的认知评价。在时间 1 和时间 2,教师提供了儿童的 CU 特征和行为问题报告。结果表明,行为问题和他责会独特地预测随着时间的推移CU特质的增加。此外,高水平的自责和反刍会加剧 CU 特质与后续行为问题之间的前瞻性联系。这些发现强调了在旨在降低儿童行为问题和CU特质风险的预防方法中解决认知过程问题的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
You are a Mirror of My Childhood: Pathways Through Family Dyadic Interactions and Gender Preference in the Intergenerational Association of ODD Symptoms. 你是我童年的一面镜子:ODD 症状代际关联中的家庭互动和性别偏好路径。
IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01270-1
Yanbin Xie, Ting He, Stephen Hinshaw, Peilian Chi, Xiuyun Lin

We examined the intergenerational association of ODD symptoms between parents and child offspring, elaborating a model whereby parental childhood ODD symptoms influence their children's ODD symptoms through dyadic interactions within the current family system. The sample included 731 children (aged 6-11, 64.3% boys) and their parents. In a sample of Chinese families, parents reported their childhood ODD symptoms and their marital quality, their negative parenting practices, and their children's ODD symptoms at T1 and T2, about half a year apart. Results indicated that parents' childhood ODD symptoms positively predicted children's T1 ODD symptoms, especially for boys. Path analysis revealed gender-based differences. That is, mothers' childhood ODD symptoms negatively predicted parental marital relationship quality at T1, which in turn positively predicted boys' ODD symptoms at T2. Yet fathers' childhood ODD symptoms were positive predictors of fathers' negative parenting practices at T1, which in turn positively predicted girls' ODD symptoms at T2. Our findings support a gender preference in the intergenerational association of psychopathology. In the current study, such a gender preference is mainly reflected in the stronger direct association between parental childhood ODD symptoms and the T1 ODD symptoms of male offspring than female ones.

我们研究了父母与子女之间的定向障碍症状代际关联,详细阐述了父母童年定向障碍症状通过当前家庭系统中的双亲互动影响子女定向障碍症状的模型。样本包括 731 名儿童(6-11 岁,64.3% 为男孩)及其父母。在一个中国家庭样本中,父母报告了他们的童年 ODD 症状、他们的婚姻质量、他们的负面教养方式以及他们孩子在 T1 和 T2(相隔约半年)的 ODD 症状。结果表明,父母的童年 ODD 症状对子女的 T1 ODD 症状有积极的预测作用,尤其是对男孩而言。路径分析显示了性别差异。也就是说,母亲的童年 ODD 症状会对父母在 T1 阶段的婚姻关系质量产生负面影响,而父母的婚姻关系质量又会对男孩在 T2 阶段的 ODD 症状产生正面影响。然而,父亲的童年 ODD 症状对 T1 阶段父亲的消极养育行为有积极的预测作用,而父亲的消极养育行为又对 T2 阶段女孩的 ODD 症状有积极的预测作用。我们的研究结果表明,在精神病理学的代际关联中存在性别偏好。在目前的研究中,这种性别偏好主要体现在父母的儿童 ODD 症状与男性后代 T1 ODD 症状之间的直接关联强于女性后代。
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引用次数: 0
Longitudinal Predictors of Adaptive Functioning in Emerging Adults with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder. 有自闭症谱系障碍和无自闭症谱系障碍的成年人适应功能的纵向预测因素。
IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01265-y
Ingrid Nesdal Fossum, Merete Glenne Øie, Stian Orm, Per Normann Andersen, Erik Winther Skogli

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) display heterogeneity in adaptive functioning, underscoring the need to identify predictors to inform clinical and scientific interventions. We investigated the longitudinal associations between an autism diagnosis, co-occurring psychopathology symptoms, executive functions (EF) and subsequent adaptive functioning in individuals with and without ASD (IQ > 70). Sixty-six individuals (26 with ASD, 40 without ASD) were assessed at baseline (mean age = 11.8 years, SD = 2.1) and at 10-year follow-up (mean age 21.4, SD = 2.3). The diagnostic evaluation comprised a comprehensive assessment of autism symptoms and emotional and cognitive functioning. Co-occurring psychopathology symptoms were assessed with two measures: self-reported depressive symptoms with the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire and parent-reported total problems with the Child Behavior Checklist 6-18. Participants completed neuropsychological tests to evaluate EF. We investigated adaptive functioning by using the Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale (WFIRS) which is a self-report measure of impairment in the following domains: family, work, school, life skills, self-concept, social and risk-taking. Among the emerging adults previously diagnosed with ASD, 46% reported living independently, 75% had at least one friend, and 71% were employed or in education. Individuals with ASD reported significantly lower adaptive functioning compared to individuals without ASD (WFIRS Total, Hedges' g = 0.92). Greater EF difficulties in childhood/adolescence predicted lower adaptive functioning in emerging adulthood, surpassing the influence of autism diagnosis and co-occurring symptoms. The findings highlight the influential role of EF, implying that interventions targeting EF difficulties could improve long-term outcomes for individuals with ASD.

自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)患者在适应功能方面表现出异质性,这凸显了确定预测因素以指导临床和科学干预的必要性。我们研究了自闭症诊断、并发精神病理症状、执行功能(EF)以及自闭症谱系障碍患者和非自闭症谱系障碍患者(智商大于 70)的后续适应功能之间的纵向关联。在基线(平均年龄 = 11.8 岁,SD = 2.1)和 10 年随访(平均年龄 21.4 岁,SD = 2.3)时,对 66 人(26 人患有自闭症,40 人不患有自闭症)进行了评估。诊断评估包括自闭症症状、情绪和认知功能的综合评估。同时出现的精神病理症状通过两种测量方法进行评估:自我报告的抑郁症状通过 "简短情绪和感觉问卷 "进行评估;家长报告的总问题通过 "儿童行为检查表 6-18 "进行评估。参与者完成了神经心理学测试,以评估 EF。我们使用韦斯功能损伤评定量表(WFIRS)对适应功能进行了调查,该量表是对以下领域损伤的自我报告测量:家庭、工作、学校、生活技能、自我概念、社交和冒险。在先前被诊断患有自闭症的新成人中,46%的人表示能够独立生活,75%的人至少有一个朋友,71%的人有工作或正在接受教育。与非自闭症患者相比,自闭症患者的适应功能明显较低(WFIRS Total, Hedges' g = 0.92)。童年/青少年时期较严重的情商障碍预示着成年后较低的适应功能,其影响超过了自闭症诊断和并发症状。研究结果凸显了EF的影响作用,这意味着针对EF困难的干预措施可以改善自闭症患者的长期结果。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing Whether Negative Parenting Cognitions Bias Parent Report of Preschoolers' Externalizing Symptoms: A Regularized Moderated Non-Linear Factor Analysis Approach. 评估负面养育认知是否会使家长对学龄前儿童外化症状的报告产生偏差:正则化调节非线性因子分析方法。
IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01257-y
Brigid Behrens, Katherine Edler, Kristin Valentino

Parent report is frequently used to assess children's psychopathology, however, researchers have expressed concerns about the validity of parent reports. Some parental characteristics, attitudes, or beliefs may systematically bias a parent's report of their child's behaviors and functioning. Informed by social information processing models of parenting risk, parents with more difficulties reflecting on and interpreting their children's behavior may be at risk for less accurate reports. The present study conducted two regularized moderated non-linear factor analyses with LONGSCAN data to examine how parents' self-reported negative parenting cognitions were associated with structural parameters of parent-reported child aggression and attention problems. While differential item functioning (DIF) was present on the aggression and attention problems subscales as a function of negative parenting cognitions, the DIF was small in magnitude, inconsistent in directionality and did not significantly alter factor-level parameters. Negative parenting cognitions did demonstrate a small but significant negative impact on all latent externalizing factors (aggression and attention problems), such that caregivers with fewer negative parenting cognitions endorsed fewer items, and this was associated with a lower mean of each latent variable. Given that accounting for DIF did not contribute to meaningful differences in impact parameters or improve criterion validity, findings suggest that the aggression and attention subscales are functionally invariant to negative parenting cognitions, suggesting that externalizing symptoms can be reliability compared across parents of varying parenting cognitions.

家长报告经常被用来评估儿童的心理病理学,然而,研究人员对家长报告的有效性表示担忧。父母的某些特征、态度或信念可能会系统性地影响父母对子女行为和功能的报告。根据养育风险的社会信息处理模型,在反思和解释子女行为方面有更多困难的父母可能会面临报告不够准确的风险。本研究利用 LONGSCAN 数据进行了两次正则化调节非线性因子分析,以研究父母自我报告的消极养育认知与父母报告的儿童攻击行为和注意力问题的结构参数之间的关系。虽然作为消极养育认知的函数,攻击性和注意力问题分量表上存在项目功能差异(DIF),但 DIF 的幅度较小,方向性不一致,并且没有显著改变因子水平参数。负面养育认知确实对所有潜在的外化因素(攻击行为和注意力问题)产生了微小但显著的负面影响,例如,负面养育认知较少的照顾者认可的项目较少,这与每个潜在变量的平均值较低有关。考虑到DIF并不会导致影响参数出现有意义的差异,也不会提高标准效度,研究结果表明,攻击性和注意力子量表在功能上与负面养育认知是不变的,这表明外化症状可以在不同养育认知的父母之间进行可靠性比较。
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引用次数: 0
Testing Parenting Self-Esteem as an Indicator of Mothers and Fathers Who Are at Risk for Aversive Responses to Disruptive Child Behavior. 测试父母的自尊心作为母亲和父亲对孩子的破坏性行为采取消极应对措施的风险指标。
IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01231-8
Sierra R Hightower-Henson, Brian T Wymbs

Extensive literature demonstrates that parents of children with disruptive behaviors consistently report lower parenting self-esteem (i.e., satisfaction and efficacy) compared to parents of children without disruptive behaviors. However, little is known about whether having low parenting self-esteem results in negative parenting behavior while managing disruptive child behavior, and whether associations vary in strength depending on the clinical significance of the child's disruptive behavior. The current study examines 90 parent couples who were randomly assigned to interact with a 9- to 12-year-old confederate exhibiting either typical or disruptive behaviors. Parenting self-esteem moderated the association between disruptive child behavior and positive parenting behavior, such that mothers with low efficacy had a stronger positive association between disruptive child behavior and positive parenting behaviors. However, fathers with low efficacy had a stronger negative association between disruptive behaviors and positive parenting behavior. Exploratory analyses yielded mixed results. Specifically, mothers with low self-esteem and a child with ADHD had a stronger negative association between disruptive child behaviors and positive parenting compared to mothers who interacted with a confederate or did not have a child with ADHD. Results from the current study extend findings regarding the influence of parenting self-esteem on the association of disruptive child behavior and parenting behaviors, as moderating effects of parenting self-esteem was demonstrated for both mothers and fathers within the study.

大量文献表明,与无破坏性行为儿童的父母相比,有破坏性行为儿童的父母在养育子女方面的自尊心(即满意度和效率)一直较低。然而,对于育儿自尊心低是否会导致父母在管理孩子的破坏性行为时产生消极的育儿行为,以及这种关联的强度是否会因孩子破坏性行为的临床意义而有所不同,我们却知之甚少。本研究对 90 对父母夫妇进行了调查,他们被随机分配与一名 9 至 12 岁、表现出典型或破坏性行为的同龄人进行互动。育儿自尊调节了破坏性儿童行为与积极育儿行为之间的关联,例如,效能感低的母亲在破坏性儿童行为与积极育儿行为之间有更强的正关联。然而,低效能感的父亲则在破坏性行为与积极养育行为之间有更强的负相关。探索性分析的结果喜忧参半。具体来说,与与同伴互动的母亲或没有多动症儿童的母亲相比,自尊心低的母亲和有多动症儿童的母亲在破坏性儿童行为和积极养育行为之间有更强的负相关。本研究的结果扩展了有关养育自尊对破坏性儿童行为和养育行为之间关系的影响的研究结果,因为在本研究中,母亲和父亲的养育自尊都具有调节作用。
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引用次数: 0
Associations between Computationally Derived Parent Emotional Sentiment Scores and Child ADHD and ODD Over Time. 计算得出的父母情绪情感得分与儿童多动症(ADHD)和注意力缺失(ODD)随时间变化的关系。
IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-20 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01217-6
Katharine Selah, Hanna C Gustafsson, Hannah E Morton, Zachary Sims, Tara Peris, Sarah L Karalunas, Joel T Nigg

Family emotional climate is often assessed as expressed emotion (EE) using the five-minute speech sample (FMSS). Parent EE is related to child externalizing behavior, but the relationship with ADHD apart from externalizing is unclear. We report the largest ADHD-non-ADHD study of EE to date, introduce computational scoring of the FMSS to assay parent negative sentiment, and use this to evaluate reciprocal parent-child effects over time in ADHD while considering comorbid ODD. Parents of 810 children (nADHD = 509), aged 7-13 years old, completed the FMSS at three points. The FMSS was expert-coded for EE-Criticism at Time 1 and Time 2, negative sentiment was scored at all three time points. Sentiment and EE-Criticism were moderately correlated (r =.39, p <.001, 95% CI [0.32, 0.46]), and each was similarly correlated with baseline ADHD symptoms (r's range 0.31-0.33, p <.001) and ODD symptoms (r(ODD-EE) = 0.35, p <.001; r(ODD-sentiment = 0.28, p <.001). A longitudinal, cross-lagged panel model revealed that increases over time in parental negative sentiment scores led to increased ODD symptoms. Parent sex (namely fathers, but not mothers) showed an interaction effect of sentiment with ADHD. ADHD and ODD are independently and jointly associated with parental EE-Criticism and negative sentiment assessed by the FMSS cross-sectionally. A recursive effects model is supported for ODD, but for ADHD effects depend on which parent is assessed. For fathers, ADHD was related to negative sentiment in complex manners but for mothers, negative sentiment was related primarily to ODD.

家庭情感氛围通常通过五分钟言语抽样(FMSS)作为情感表达(EE)进行评估。家长的情绪表达与儿童的外化行为有关,但与多动症(除外化行为外)的关系尚不清楚。我们报告了迄今为止最大规模的多动症(ADHD)-非多动症(ADHD-non-ADHD)EE 研究,引入了 FMSS 计算评分法来评估家长的负面情绪,并以此评估多动症(ADHD)随着时间的推移对亲子间的相互影响,同时考虑到合并症 ODD。810 名 7-13 岁儿童(nADHD = 509)的家长在三个时间点完成了 FMSS。FMSS 在时间 1 和时间 2 对 EE-Criticism 进行专家编码,在所有三个时间点对负面情绪进行评分。情绪和 EE-Criticism 呈中度相关(r =.39, p
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引用次数: 0
Pandemic Paranoia Scale for Adolescents (PPS-A): An Initial Psychometric Evaluation and Prevalence Study of Adolescents in the United States and United Kingdom. 青少年大流行妄想症量表(PPS-A):对美国和英国青少年的初步心理计量评估和流行率研究。
IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-15 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01228-3
Ana Rabasco, Julia Browne, Jessica Kingston, Katarina Krkovic, Elizabeth Thompson, Lyn Ellett, Zachary J Kunicki, Brandon A Gaudiano

Paranoid thoughts have been reported in 20-30% of adolescents, and preliminary research has shown that paranoia and psychotic-like experiences have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, previous research has typically used general measures to assess paranoia, rather than those specific to COVID-19, which may overlook particular facets of paranoia related to the pandemic and result in an under-reporting of paranoia prevalence rates during this time. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Pandemic Paranoia Scale for Adolescents (PPS-A), which was adapted from the original scale to be appropriate for younger respondents, and to assess the prevalence of pandemic paranoia among adolescents. Adolescents (N = 462) recruited on Qualtrics from the United States (US) and United Kingdom (UK) completed an online survey consisting of the PPS-A and measures of general paranoia and negative affect. A subset of adolescent's parents (N = 146) also completed an online survey providing dyadic data. Findings showed that the PPS-A shared the same three factor structure as the adult PPS (i.e., persecutory threat, paranoid conspiracy, and interpersonal mistrust) and across participant nationality, race, gender, and mental health diagnosis. It also demonstrated strong psychometric properties. The overall prevalence rate of pandemic-related paranoia among adolescents was 21% and prevalence rates were higher among US participants than UK participants. This study provides the most comprehensive psychometric evaluation of a pandemic paranoia scale designed for adolescents and highlights the continued prevalence of pandemic paranoia in this age-group nearly two years after COVID-19 began.

据报道,20%-30% 的青少年有妄想症,初步研究表明,在 COVID-19 大流行期间,妄想症和类似精神病的经历有所增加。然而,以往的研究通常使用一般的测量方法来评估妄想症,而不是针对 COVID-19 的测量方法,这可能会忽略与大流行相关的妄想症的特殊方面,导致对这一时期妄想症患病率的报告不足。因此,本研究旨在检验青少年大流行妄想症量表(PPS-A)的心理测量学特性,该量表是在原量表的基础上改编而成的,适合年龄较小的受访者,并评估大流行妄想症在青少年中的流行情况。通过 Qualtrics 从美国和英国招募的青少年(462 人)完成了一项在线调查,调查内容包括 PPS-A 以及一般偏执狂和消极情绪的测量。青少年的父母(N = 146)也完成了一项在线调查,并提供了他们之间的数据。研究结果表明,PPS-A 与成人 PPS 具有相同的三个因子结构(即迫害威胁、偏执阴谋和人际不信任),并且跨越了参与者的国籍、种族、性别和心理健康诊断。它还表现出很强的心理测量特性。大流行相关妄想症在青少年中的总体流行率为 21%,美国参与者的流行率高于英国参与者。这项研究对专为青少年设计的大流行妄想症量表进行了最全面的心理计量学评估,并强调了在 COVID-19 开始近两年后,大流行妄想症在这一年龄组的持续流行。
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引用次数: 0
Examining ADHD and Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome Symptoms in Relation to Food Insecurity in Early Adolescents. 研究青少年早期多动症和认知脱离综合征症状与食物不安全的关系。
IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01226-5
Cathrin D Green, Andrew C Martinez, Stephen P Becker

Approximately 13.8 million U.S. households face food insecurity, which severely affects child development, with more than half of these households including children. Research links food insecurity to cognitive deficits and mental health challenges, highlighting the need for thorough understanding and intervention. Although existing studies have explored the association between food insecurity and internalizing symptomatology, less research has examined food insecurity in relation to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. Further, no studies have explored the connection between food insecurity and cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS) symptoms, closely related to ADHD symptoms. Despite extant research linking CDS to environmental factors, empirical attention to its potential association with food insecurity is notably lacking. Additionally, adolescents, almost twice as likely as younger children to experience household food insecurity, are likely more aware and respond differently to challenges during this developmental period. Accordingly, this study investigated the unique associations of parent-, teacher-, and youth self-reported ADHD dimensions and CDS symptoms in relation to parent-reported food insecurity in early adolescents (N = 136, ages 10-12). Controlling for age, sex, race, and medication use, no informant's ratings of ADHD symptom dimensions were uniquely related to food insecurity. In contrast, higher parent-, teacher-, and youth self-reported CDS symptoms were uniquely associated with greater food insecurity. This finding was robust to additional control of family income for teacher- and youth self-reported CDS symptoms. These findings highlight the complex link between food insecurity and mental health, suggest a connection with CDS symptoms, and stress the need to address food insecurity as a public health priority, especially in early adolescence.

约有 1380 万美国家庭面临粮食不安全问题,这严重影响了儿童的发展,其中一半以上的家庭包括儿童。研究将粮食不安全与认知缺陷和心理健康挑战联系在一起,强调了全面了解和干预的必要性。尽管现有研究已经探讨了粮食不安全与内化症状之间的关系,但较少研究粮食不安全与注意力缺陷/多动症(ADHD)症状之间的关系。此外,还没有研究探讨过食物不安全与认知脱离综合症(CDS)症状之间的联系,而认知脱离综合症与多动症症状密切相关。尽管现有的研究将认知脱离综合症与环境因素联系在一起,但对其与粮食不安全的潜在联系却明显缺乏实证关注。此外,青少年经历家庭粮食不安全的可能性几乎是年幼儿童的两倍,在这一发育阶段,他们可能会对挑战有更多的认识和不同的反应。因此,本研究调查了家长、教师和青少年自我报告的多动症维度和 CDS 症状与家长报告的早期青少年(136 人,10-12 岁)粮食不安全的独特关联。在控制年龄、性别、种族和药物使用的情况下,没有任何信息提供者对多动症症状维度的评分与食物不安全有独特的关系。相反,家长、教师和青少年自我报告的 CDS 症状越高,食物越不安全。在额外控制教师和青少年自报的 CDS 症状的家庭收入后,这一发现仍然是稳健的。这些发现凸显了粮食不安全与心理健康之间的复杂联系,表明了与 CDS 症状之间的联系,并强调有必要将粮食不安全问题作为公共卫生的优先事项来解决,尤其是在青春期早期。
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引用次数: 0
Specificity of Episodic Future Thinking in Adolescents: Comparing Childhood Maltreatment, Autism Spectrum, and Typical Development. 青少年发作性未来思维的特异性:比较童年虐待、自闭症谱系和典型发育。
IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01232-7
A Lau-Zhu, C Chan, D Gibson, E Stark, J Wang, F Happé, J Stacey, M Cooper

Maltreatment and autism can be associated with overlapping difficulties across functional domains (e.g., social, emotional, and sensory) and high rates of mental health problems. A cognitive approach focussing on affect-laden cognition, here on episodic future thinking (FT), could help inform cognitive assessments and adapt psychological interventions. Three groups of adolescents (N = 85), (i) maltreatment (n = 28), (ii) autism (n = 29), and (iii) typical development without maltreatment/autism (TD; n = 28), matched in age (10-16 years old), sex (assigned at birth), and socioeconomic status, completed a newly adapted online Autobiographical Future Thinking Test. As predicted, the maltreatment group generated significantly fewer specific future events relative to the TD group, however, the number of specific future events did not significantly differ between the autism and the other groups. Exploratory analyses showed that lower FT specificity was significantly associated with more depressive (but not anxiety) symptoms across the three groups. These findings shed light on the cognitive profiles of both maltreatment and autism during adolescence and signal FT as a potential therapeutic target for adolescents with these developmental differences. Our study lays the foundation for additional comparisons of maltreatment-related presentations versus autism with improved designs and a broader set of cognitive and clinical domains.

虐待和自闭症可能与各功能领域(如社交、情感和感官)的重叠困难以及高发的心理健康问题有关。以情感为导向的认知方法,这里指的是偶发未来思维(FT),有助于为认知评估提供信息并调整心理干预措施。三组青少年(N = 85),(i) 受虐待组(n = 28),(ii) 自闭症组(n = 29),(iii) 无虐待/自闭症的典型发育组(TD;n = 28),在年龄(10-16 岁)、性别(出生时分配)和社会经济地位方面匹配,完成了新改编的在线自传体未来思维测试。正如预测的那样,虐待组产生的具体未来事件明显少于自闭症组,但具体未来事件的数量在自闭症组和其他组之间没有明显差异。探索性分析表明,在三个组别中,较低的未来事件特异性与较多的抑郁症状(而非焦虑症状)明显相关。这些发现揭示了青少年时期受虐待和自闭症的认知特征,并预示着FT可能成为具有这些发育差异的青少年的治疗目标。我们的研究为更多与虐待相关的表现与自闭症的比较奠定了基础,同时也改进了设计,扩大了认知和临床领域的范围。
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引用次数: 0
Weight Stigma in the Development, Maintenance, and Treatment of Eating Disorders: A Case Series Informing Implications for Research and Practice. 饮食失调症的发展、维持和治疗过程中的体重羞辱:为研究和实践提供启示的案例系列。
IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01260-3
Rachel Kramer, Catherine R Drury, Sarah Forsberg, Lindsey D Bruett, Erin E Reilly, Sasha Gorrell, Simar Singh, Lisa Hail, Kimberly Yu, Rachel M Radin, Jessica Keyser, Daniel Le Grange, Erin C Accurso, Kathryn M Huryk

Weight-centric health practices are based on the principle that excess weight predicts chronic disease, informing a growing sociopolitical movement to address an "obesity epidemic." This hyper-focus on preventing obesity may contribute to weight stigma (i.e., the devaluation and discrimination of individuals based on body size) and other iatrogenic outcomes for youth, including the development and maintenance of eating disorders (EDs). Current evidence-based treatments for EDs include language and practices that may reinforce fears of fatness, body shame, and unhealthy dietary restriction without guidance on addressing weight stigma. Here, we present case examples from three adolescent patients across ED presentations and body sizes to (1) elucidate the role of weight stigma in ED development, (2) highlight the ubiquity and harms of weight stigma within ED treatments, and (3) outline thoughtful protocol adaptations to avoid further harm and facilitate recovery. We conclude with a call for immediate action to advance research characterizing the harms of weight-centric approaches in existing ED interventions to reduce the risk of iatrogenic effects on youth with EDs and advance weight-inclusive approaches to ED treatment.

以体重为中心的健康实践所依据的原则是,体重过重会导致慢性疾病,这为日益壮大的应对 "肥胖流行病 "的社会政治运动提供了依据。这种对预防肥胖的过度关注可能会导致体重污名化(即基于体型对个人的贬低和歧视)和其他青少年人为后果,包括饮食失调(ED)的发展和维持。目前针对进食障碍的循证治疗方法包括一些语言和做法,这些语言和做法可能会强化对肥胖的恐惧、身体羞耻感和不健康的饮食限制,而没有解决体重污名化问题的指导。在此,我们列举了三位青少年患者的病例,这些患者有不同的 ED 表现和体型,目的是:(1)阐明体重鄙视在 ED 发展中的作用;(2)强调体重鄙视在 ED 治疗中的普遍性和危害;(3)概述周到的方案调整,以避免进一步伤害并促进康复。最后,我们呼吁立即行动起来,推进研究,确定现有 ED 干预措施中以体重为中心的方法的危害,以降低对患有 ED 的青少年造成先天性影响的风险,并推进 ED 治疗中的体重包容性方法。
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Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology
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