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Suicide Ideation Among Transgender and Gender Diverse Adolescents: The Role of Parental Invalidation of Adolescents' Gender Identity. 变性和性别多元化青少年的自杀意念:父母对青少年性别认同的否定所起的作用》(The Role of Parental Invalidation of Adolescents' Gender Identity)。
IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01203-y
Erika C Esposito, Hannah Ellerkamp, Alana M Eisenberg, Elizabeth D Handley, Catherine R Glenn

Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) youth experience chronic and acute stress associated with their gender identity contributing to their increased risk of suicide and suicide ideation (SI) compared to non-TGD peers. This study examined how invalidating and accepting gender-related experiences with a parent impact SI severity among TGD adolescents cross-sectionally and longitudinally, within-person. Participants were 15 TGD adolescents with past month SI recruited across community and clinical settings. Adolescents completed a baseline assessment of validated interviews and self-report measures on parental invalidation and SI severity. Over a 14-day follow-up period, adolescents reported instances of parental gender invalidation and acceptance, relative stress of those experiences, and SI severity multiple times/day via ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Bivariate associations of parental invalidation and acceptance with SI were examined at baseline, while multilevel models examined the relationship within-person over follow-up. Cross-sectionally, greater perceived invalidation and non-affirmation by their parents was associated with more severe SI. Over the follow up, instances of perceived parental invalidation were associated with passive SI within-person. Findings partially support the minority stress theory and social safety perspective by showing that perceived gender-invalidation from parents affects SI in TGD adolescents, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Further research is needed to identify specific emotional and cognitive factors, such as perceived stress, that contribute to the risk of SI among TGD youth and inform the development of targeted interventions for this vulnerable population.

与非变性和性别多元化(TGD)青少年相比,变性和性别多元化(TGD)青少年会经历与其性别认同相关的慢性和急性压力,从而导致其自杀和自杀意念(SI)的风险增加。本研究从横向和纵向两个方面考察了与父母的性别相关经历的无效性和可接受性对 TGD 青少年自杀意念严重程度的影响。研究对象是在社区和临床环境中招募的 15 名上月有 SI 的 TGD 青少年。青少年们完成了一项基线评估,即关于父母失效和SI严重程度的验证访谈和自我报告测量。在为期 14 天的随访期间,青少年通过生态瞬间评估(EMA)报告了父母的性别无效和接受情况、这些经历的相对压力以及 SI 严重程度。基线研究了父母的无效性和接受性与 SI 的二元相关性,而多层次模型则研究了随访期间人与人之间的关系。从横截面来看,认为父母的无效和不肯定程度越高,其 SI 就越严重。在随访过程中,感知到的父母无效与被动的 SI 人际关系相关。研究结果部分支持了少数群体压力理论和社会安全观点,表明无论是横向还是纵向研究,父母的性别无效感都会影响TGD青少年的SI。我们需要进一步开展研究,以确定具体的情绪和认知因素(如感知到的压力),这些因素会导致 TGD 青少年的 SI 风险,并为针对这一弱势群体制定有针对性的干预措施提供信息。
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引用次数: 0
The Effectiveness of Modular Transdiagnostic Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Treatment as Usual for Youths Displaying School Attendance Problems: A Randomized Controlled Trial. 模块化跨诊断认知行为疗法与常规治疗对出现出勤问题的青少年的疗效:随机对照试验
IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-13 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01196-8
Daniel B Johnsen, Johanne J Lomholt, David Heyne, Morten B Jensen, Pia Jeppesen, Wendy K Silverman, Mikael Thastum

School attendance problems (SAPs) are associated with negative short- and long-term outcomes. Despite high prevalence of SAPs, there is a shortage of evidence-based interventions. Existing approaches often target either school refusal or truancy, leaving a gap in effective interventions addressing both types of SAPs. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) assessed the effectiveness of Back2School (B2S), a modular transdiagnostic cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for SAPs, compared to treatment as usual (TAU). Outcomes included youths' school attendance and mental health. A group (B2S, TAU) × time (Pre, Post, 3-Month Follow-Up) design involving 152 youths (B2S; n = 74, TAU; n = 78) with SAPs (i.e., ≥ 10% absence in the past three months), aged 6-16 years (M = 12.2, SD = 2.2, males = 60%) were used. B2S comprised three months of CBT with youths, parents, and school involvement, while TAU comprised public and/or private intervention services. On average, youths in B2S received 15.0, (SD = 3.9) hours of intervention, while those in TAU received 13.4, (SD = 21.6). Intervention effects were investigated using mixed linear models. Both B2S and TAU exhibited significant within-group improvements in school attendance, with no significant differences between them. However, the B2S group significantly outperformed TAU in reducing youths' emotional problems, conduct problems, problems with peers, the overall impact of problems, and increasing youths self-efficacy for attending school and parent self-efficacy for dealing with a SAP. This RCT represents the first evaluation of a modular transdiagnostic CBT for youths displaying SAPs, showing significant mental health and self-efficacy benefits.  (Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03459677).

学校出勤问题(SAPs)与短期和长期的负面结果有关。尽管 SAPs 的发生率很高,但却缺乏循证干预措施。现有的干预方法通常只针对拒学或逃学,因此在针对这两类出勤问题的有效干预措施方面还存在空白。这项随机对照试验(RCT)评估了 "重返校园"(Back2School,简称 B2S)的有效性,B2S 是一种针对 SAP 的模块化跨诊断认知行为疗法(CBT),与常规疗法(TAU)进行了比较。研究结果包括青少年的入学率和心理健康。该研究采用小组(B2S、TAU)×时间(前、后、3 个月随访)设计,涉及 152 名患有 SAP(即过去 3 个月缺课率≥10%)的青少年(B2S;n = 74;TAU;n = 78),年龄在 6-16 岁之间(M = 12.2,SD = 2.2,男性 = 60%)。B2S包括三个月的青少年、家长和学校参与的CBT,而TAU包括公共和/或私人干预服务。参加 B2S 的青少年平均接受了 15.0 小时(标准差 = 3.9)的干预,而参加 TAU 的青少年平均接受了 13.4 小时(标准差 = 21.6)的干预。干预效果采用混合线性模型进行研究。B2S 组和 TAU 组的出勤率在组内都有显著提高,组间无明显差异。然而,B2S 组在减少青少年的情绪问题、行为问题、与同伴的问题、问题的总体影响,以及提高青少年入学的自我效能感和家长处理 SAP 的自我效能感方面,明显优于 TAU 组。这项临床试验是首次对针对出现 SAP 的青少年的模块化跨诊断 CBT 进行评估,结果表明该疗法对青少年的心理健康和自我效能有显著的益处。 (临床试验注册:ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT03459677)。
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引用次数: 0
Behavioral and Emotional Responding to Punishment in ADHD: Is Increased Emotionality Related to Altered Behavioral Responding? 多动症患者对惩罚的行为和情绪反应:情绪化的增加是否与行为反应的改变有关?
IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01238-1
An-Katrien Hulsbosch, Brent Alsop, Marina Danckaerts, Dagmar Van Liefferinge, Gail Tripp, Saskia Van der Oord

Children with ADHD are theorized to experience increased negative emotional responses to punishment, compared to typically developing (TD) children, resulting in altered behavioral responding (Amsel, 1992). However, this has not been empirically tested. The current study evaluated the effects of punishment and reward on the behavioral and emotional responding of children with and without ADHD. Fifty-three children with ADHD (64.15% boys) and 46 TD children (47.83% boys), age 6-12, completed a task in which they chose between playing two simultaneously available games. Reward was arranged symmetrically across the games; responses on one game were punished four times as often as responses on the other game. Children's negative and positive emotional expressions were assessed during task completion with facial expression coding. Results indicated both groups showed a preference for playing the less punished game. Children with ADHD took longer to respond after punishment and reward compared to TD children. Negative emotional expressions increased with time on task for those with ADHD, the opposite pattern was seen in TD children. Children with ADHD showed more positive emotional expressions overall. The effect of ADHD on increased response times after reward was statistically fully mediated by increased positive facial expressions. Findings indicate children with ADHD do not show an altered response bias under punishment compared to TD children, but their cumulative negative emotional responding may indicate problems with building frustration tolerance as hypothesized by Amsel (1992). Results are theoretically important as they suggest increased emotional responding in ADHD is associated with slower responding.

据推测,与发育正常(TD)的儿童相比,患有多动症(ADHD)的儿童对惩罚的负面情绪反应会增加,从而导致行为反应的改变(Amsel,1992 年)。然而,这一点尚未得到实证检验。本研究评估了惩罚和奖励对患有和不患有多动症儿童的行为和情绪反应的影响。53 名患有多动症的儿童(64.15% 为男孩)和 46 名患有注意力缺失症的儿童(47.83% 为男孩)(年龄在 6-12 岁之间)完成了一项任务,即在同时进行的两个游戏中做出选择。奖励在两个游戏中对称进行;在一个游戏中做出反应的儿童受到的惩罚是在另一个游戏中做出反应的儿童的四倍。在完成任务的过程中,通过面部表情编码对儿童的消极和积极情绪表达进行了评估。结果显示,两组儿童都倾向于玩惩罚较少的游戏。与TD儿童相比,ADHD儿童在受到惩罚和奖励后做出反应的时间更长。多动症儿童的消极情绪表达随着完成任务时间的延长而增加,而失智症儿童的情况恰恰相反。多动症儿童总体上表现出更多的积极情绪表达。据统计,多动症对奖励后反应时间增加的影响完全由积极面部表情的增加所中介。研究结果表明,与 TD 儿童相比,ADHD 儿童在受到惩罚时并没有表现出改变的反应偏差,但他们累积的消极情绪反应可能表明他们在培养挫折耐受力方面存在问题,正如 Amsel(1992 年)所假设的那样。这些结果具有重要的理论意义,因为它们表明多动症儿童情绪反应的增加与反应迟钝有关。
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引用次数: 0
Gender Difference in the Onset of Adolescent Depressive Symptoms: A Cross-Lagged Panel Network Analysis. 青少年抑郁症状发生时的性别差异:跨滞后面板网络分析
IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01235-4
Sihan Liu, Haining Ren, Yijia Li, Yang Liu, Sinan Fu, Zhuo Rachel Han

Depressive symptoms are prevalent in adolescents, especially girls, underscoring the need for early detection and targeted interventions. Identifying initial symptoms and their temporal associations is vital for such interventions. This study used cross-lagged panel network (CLPN) analysis to examine the central depressive symptoms and their interconnections within a national cohort derived from the China Family Panel Study (CFPS). The participants included 2524 adolescents (45.8% girls), with depressive symptoms assessed using the Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-8) in 2016 (Mage = 12.30) and 2018 (Mage = 14.25). The CLPN model showed that "loneliness" and "not getting going (fatigue)" at T1 were the strongest predictors of subsequent depressive symptoms at T2, after controlling for demographic variables and depressive symptoms at T1. Conversely, depressed mood and anhedonia at T2 were most likely to be influenced by other symptoms at T1. Gender-stratified analyses identified "loneliness" as the initial symptom in girls and "fatigue" for boys. Additionally, girls exhibited stronger reciprocal associations among depressive symptoms than boys. The findings suggest that addressing interpersonal loneliness is crucial for adolescent girls, whereas somatic fatigue should be a focus for adolescent boys, highlighting the need for gender-specific approaches in early intervention strategies. This research provides insights into the distinct gendered networks of depressive symptomatology in adolescents, informing tailored prevention and intervention efforts.

抑郁症状在青少年,尤其是女孩中十分普遍,这说明有必要及早发现并采取有针对性的干预措施。识别初始症状及其时间关联对于此类干预措施至关重要。本研究采用交叉滞后面板网络(CLPN)分析法,研究了中国家庭面板研究(CFPS)全国队列中的中心抑郁症状及其相互联系。参与者包括2524名青少年(45.8%为女生),他们的抑郁症状分别在2016年(Mage = 12.30)和2018年(Mage = 14.25)使用流行病学研究抑郁量表(CES-D-8)进行评估。CLPN模型显示,在控制了人口统计学变量和T1时的抑郁症状后,T1时的 "孤独感 "和 "无法继续(疲劳)"是T2时后续抑郁症状的最强预测因子。相反,T2时的抑郁情绪和失乐症最有可能受到T1时其他症状的影响。性别分层分析表明,"孤独 "是女孩的初始症状,而 "疲劳 "则是男孩的初始症状。此外,与男孩相比,女孩的抑郁症状表现出更强的相互关联性。研究结果表明,解决人际交往中的孤独感对青春期女孩至关重要,而躯体疲劳则应是青春期男孩的重点,这凸显了在早期干预策略中采取针对不同性别的方法的必要性。这项研究深入揭示了青少年抑郁症状的不同性别网络,为有针对性的预防和干预工作提供了信息。
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引用次数: 0
Adolescents with Elevated Psychopathic Traits are Associated with an Increased Risk for Premature Mortality. 具有高度精神变态特质的青少年与过早死亡风险增加有关。
IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01233-6
J Michael Maurer, Aparna R Gullapalli, Michaela M Milillo, Corey H Allen, Samantha N Rodriguez, Bethany G Edwards, Nathaniel E Anderson, Carla L Harenski, Kent A Kiehl

The mortality rate among adolescents has been steadily increasing in recent years. Researchers have previously identified forms of externalizing psychopathology measured during adolescence associated with an increased risk for premature mortality, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), substance use disorders (SUDs), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and conduct disorder (CD). The current study investigated whether additional personality traits (i.e., adolescent psychopathic traits, assessed via the Hare Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version [PCL:YV]) were also associated with premature mortality risk among maximum-security incarcerated adolescents (N = 332). During a follow-up period ranging from 10 to 14 years, premature mortality was observed in n = 33 participants (9.94%), a mortality rate nearly ten times higher than population norms. We observed that adolescents scoring the highest on PCL:YV total scores exhibited significantly higher rates of premature mortality compared to adolescents scoring lower on PCL:YV total scores via Fisher's exact tests. Additionally, through univariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses, PCL:YV total, Factor 2 (measuring lifestyle/behavioral and antisocial/developmental psychopathic traits), Facet 1 (measuring interpersonal psychopathic traits), and Facet 3 (measuring lifestyle/behavioral psychopathic traits) scores were associated with faster time to premature mortality. In supplemental analyses performed, we observed that adolescents meeting criteria for externalizing psychopathology (i.e., ADHD, SUDs, ODD, and CD) did not exhibit higher rates of premature mortality compared to control participants. The current study therefore identifies additional maladaptive personality traits to consider in relation to premature mortality risk (i.e., psychopathic traits) among a high-risk sample of incarcerated adolescents.

近年来,青少年死亡率持续上升。研究人员曾发现,青少年时期的外化性心理变态与过早死亡风险增加有关,其中包括注意力缺陷/多动障碍(ADHD)、药物使用障碍(SUD)、对立违抗障碍(ODD)和行为障碍(CD)。本研究调查了是否有其他人格特质(即青少年精神变态特质,通过哈雷精神变态检查表进行评估:青年版 [PCL:YV])是否也与最高安全级别的被监禁青少年(人数 = 332)的过早死亡风险有关。在 10 年到 14 年的随访期间,我们观察到有 33 名参与者(9.94%)过早死亡,死亡率几乎是人群正常死亡率的十倍。通过费雪精确检验,我们发现 PCL:YV 总分最高的青少年的过早死亡率明显高于 PCL:YV 总分较低的青少年。此外,通过单变量考克斯比例危险回归分析,PCL:YV 总分、因子 2(测量生活方式/行为和反社会/发展性精神变态特质)、面 1(测量人际关系精神变态特质)和面 3(测量生活方式/行为精神变态特质)得分与过早死亡时间加快有关。在进行的补充分析中,我们观察到,与对照组参与者相比,符合外化性精神疾病(即多动症、药物依赖性精神疾病、定向障碍和精神疾病)标准的青少年并没有表现出更高的过早死亡率。因此,本研究在被监禁青少年的高风险样本中发现了更多与过早死亡风险相关的适应不良人格特质(即变态人格特质)。
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引用次数: 0
What Emotion Regulation Strategies are Associated with a General Psychopathology Factor (p) in Adolescence? Identifying Possible Transdiagnostic Targets for Intervention. 哪些情绪调节策略与青春期的一般精神病理学因子(p)相关?确定可能的跨诊断干预目标。
IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01239-0
Siri Saugestad Helland, Emily Gabriela Vira, John Kjøbli, Espen Røysamb, Ragnhild Bang Nes, Jannike Kaasbøll, Silje Baardstu

Mental health problems in adolescence are increasing and there is an urgent call for transdiagnostic interventions, as most adolescents experience problems across multiple domains. Research has identified a general psychopathology factor (p) capturing the shared variance across mental health problems. In parallel, there is empirical support for the transdiagnostic nature of emotion regulation. In the current study, we explore the associations between p and emotion regulation strategies to identify which strategies may be promising targets for intervention. Data from the population-based Youth and Mental Health Study (YAMHS) (N = 2,464, mean age 13.7 years, SD 0.6) was used. The fit of different structural models of emotion regulation and psychopathology were compared, and latent factors from the final models were included in multiple regression analyses to explore the associations between p and emotion regulation strategies. A bifactor exploratory structural equation model (B-ESEM) showed best fit for modelling p. For emotion regulation strategies, an ESEM model showed best fit, including Rumination, Reactive Impulsivity, Distraction, Non-Acceptance, Problem Solving, Social Support, and Proactive Behavior. Results showed that a higher score on p was predicted by higher scores on the emotion regulation strategies Rumination (β = .38, p < .001) and Reactive Impulsivity (β = .35, p < .001), and lower scores on Problem Solving (β = -.15, p < .001). The results indicate that Rumination and Reactive Impulsivity have the strongest associations with p and may be promising targets for mental health interventions for adolescents.

青少年的心理健康问题日益增多,迫切需要采取跨诊断干预措施,因为大多数青少年都会遇到多个领域的问题。研究发现,一般精神病理学因子(p)可以捕捉到各种心理健康问题的共同差异。与此同时,情绪调节的跨诊断性也得到了实证支持。在本研究中,我们探讨了 p 与情绪调节策略之间的关联,以确定哪些策略可能是有希望的干预目标。研究采用了基于人群的青少年与心理健康研究(YAMHS)的数据(N = 2,464,平均年龄 13.7 岁,SD 0.6)。比较了情绪调节和心理病理学的不同结构模型的拟合度,并将最终模型中的潜在因素纳入多元回归分析,以探讨p与情绪调节策略之间的关联。双因素探索性结构方程模型(B-ESEM)显示了 p 模型的最佳拟合度。情绪调节策略方面,ESEM 模型显示了最佳拟合度,包括反刍、反应冲动、分心、不接受、解决问题、社会支持和积极主动行为。结果表明,情绪调节策略中的 "反刍 "得分越高,则 p 得分越高(β = 0.38,p = 0.01)。
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引用次数: 0
Positive Emotion Dysregulation and Social Impairments in Adolescents with and without ADHD. 有多动症和无多动症青少年的积极情绪失调与社交障碍。
IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-24 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01237-2
Julia D McQuade, Daria Taubin, Arianna E Mordy

Although research suggests that emotion dysregulation may underlie adolescents' social impairments, studies have focused almost exclusively on the dysregulation of negative emotions. The present study addressed this gap in the literature by examining whether behavioral manifestations of positive emotion dysregulation are also implicated. A sample of 13-18-year-old adolescents (56.8% female) with and without a childhood diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was used, increasing variability in impairment profiles. Adolescents self-reported behavioral difficulties related to positive emotion dysregulation (i.e., impulse control difficulties, difficulties engaging in goal-directed behavior, and non-acceptance of positive emotions), negative emotion dysregulation, and social impairments (i.e., peer rejection, friendship quality, deviant peer affiliation, aggression, and victimization); parents rated adolescent's ADHD symptoms. Regression analyses indicated that impulse control difficulties when experiencing positive emotions uniquely predicted greater conflict in the best friend relationship, deviant peer affiliation, aggression, and victimization, even when accounting for negative emotion dysregulation and current ADHD symptoms. The significant effect of impulse control difficulties on these social impairments was consistent when accounting for oppositional defiant disorder and depression symptoms and when examining the main predictors only in adolescents with childhood or adolescent clinical elevations in ADHD symptoms. These results are the first to indicate that even for adolescents with ADHD, positive emotion dysregulation, and specifically impulse control difficulties, may significantly predict social challenges.

尽管研究表明,情绪失调可能是青少年社交障碍的根源,但研究几乎都集中在消极情绪的失调上。本研究针对这一文献空白,探讨了积极情绪失调的行为表现是否也与此有关。本研究采用的样本为 13-18 岁的青少年(56.8% 为女性),他们在童年时曾被诊断患有或未被诊断患有注意力缺陷/多动障碍(ADHD),从而增加了损伤特征的可变性。青少年自我报告了与积极情绪失调有关的行为障碍(即冲动控制障碍、目标导向行为障碍和不接受积极情绪)、消极情绪失调和社交障碍(即同伴排斥、友谊质量、偏离同伴关系、攻击性和受害);家长对青少年的多动症症状进行了评分。回归分析表明,即使考虑到消极情绪调节障碍和当前的多动症症状,在体验积极情绪时出现的冲动控制障碍也能独特地预测出挚友关系中更大的冲突、不正常的同伴关系、攻击行为和受害行为。在考虑对立违抗障碍和抑郁症状的情况下,以及在仅对患有儿童或青少年临床多动症状的青少年的主要预测因素进行研究时,冲动控制障碍对这些社交障碍的重大影响是一致的。这些结果首次表明,即使对患有多动症的青少年来说,积极情绪失调,特别是冲动控制障碍,也能显著预测社交障碍。
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引用次数: 0
Correction to: Longitudinal Relations Between Childhood Maltreatment, Emotion Regulation Difficulties, and Suicidal Ideation and Non‑Suicidal Self‑Injury: An 18‑Month Investigation of Psychiatrically Hospitalized Adolescents. 更正:童年虐待、情绪调节障碍与自杀意念和非自杀性自伤之间的纵向关系:对住院精神病青少年为期 18 个月的调查。
IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-24 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01234-5
Jennifer A Poon, Roberto López, Lynne Marie-Shea, Richard T Liu
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引用次数: 0
Specificity of Episodic Future Thinking in Adolescents: Comparing Childhood Maltreatment, Autism Spectrum, and Typical Development. 青少年发作性未来思维的特异性:比较童年虐待、自闭症谱系和典型发育。
IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01232-7
A Lau-Zhu, C Chan, D Gibson, E Stark, J Wang, F Happé, J Stacey, M Cooper

Maltreatment and autism can be associated with overlapping difficulties across functional domains (e.g., social, emotional, and sensory) and high rates of mental health problems. A cognitive approach focussing on affect-laden cognition, here on episodic future thinking (FT), could help inform cognitive assessments and adapt psychological interventions. Three groups of adolescents (N = 85), (i) maltreatment (n = 28), (ii) autism (n = 29), and (iii) typical development without maltreatment/autism (TD; n = 28), matched in age (10-16 years old), sex (assigned at birth), and socioeconomic status, completed a newly adapted online Autobiographical Future Thinking Test. As predicted, the maltreatment group generated significantly fewer specific future events relative to the TD group, however, the number of specific future events did not significantly differ between the autism and the other groups. Exploratory analyses showed that lower FT specificity was significantly associated with more depressive (but not anxiety) symptoms across the three groups. These findings shed light on the cognitive profiles of both maltreatment and autism during adolescence and signal FT as a potential therapeutic target for adolescents with these developmental differences. Our study lays the foundation for additional comparisons of maltreatment-related presentations versus autism with improved designs and a broader set of cognitive and clinical domains.

虐待和自闭症可能与各功能领域(如社交、情感和感官)的重叠困难以及高发的心理健康问题有关。以情感为导向的认知方法,这里指的是偶发未来思维(FT),有助于为认知评估提供信息并调整心理干预措施。三组青少年(N = 85),(i) 受虐待组(n = 28),(ii) 自闭症组(n = 29),(iii) 无虐待/自闭症的典型发育组(TD;n = 28),在年龄(10-16 岁)、性别(出生时分配)和社会经济地位方面匹配,完成了新改编的在线自传体未来思维测试。正如预测的那样,虐待组产生的具体未来事件明显少于自闭症组,但具体未来事件的数量在自闭症组和其他组之间没有明显差异。探索性分析表明,在三个组别中,较低的未来事件特异性与较多的抑郁症状(而非焦虑症状)明显相关。这些发现揭示了青少年时期受虐待和自闭症的认知特征,并预示着FT可能成为具有这些发育差异的青少年的治疗目标。我们的研究为更多与虐待相关的表现与自闭症的比较奠定了基础,同时也改进了设计,扩大了认知和临床领域的范围。
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引用次数: 0
The Social Failure Model: Do Classroom Norms Play a Role in the Development of Antisocial Behavior and Depressive Symptoms? 社会失败模型:课堂规范在反社会行为和抑郁症状的发展中起作用吗?
IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01229-2
Amy Burningham, Mara Brendgen, Lyse Turgeon, Frank Vitaro

This study examined the moderating role of descriptive and status norms in the stability of youth's antisocial behavior, and the link between initial antisocial behavior and the development of depressive symptoms over the course of one academic year, while controlling for initial depression levels. A total of 1081 students (51.06% girls; grades 4 through 6) in schools in low to average socio-economic status neighborhoods completed self-reports and a peer nomination inventory in the fall (T1) and spring (T2) of one year. Descriptive norms were operationalized as the classroom- and sex-specific mean level of antisocial behavior. Status norms were operationalized as the classroom- and sex-specific correlation between antisocial behavior and social preference. Descriptive norms moderated the link between T1 and T2 antisocial behavior, such that youth exhibiting high levels of antisocial behavior showed a greater increase in antisocial behavior in classrooms where descriptive norms strongly favored such behavior (i.e., + 1 SD) than in classrooms with neutral or weak descriptive norms (i.e., - 1 SD). Status norms moderated the association between T1 antisocial behavior and T2 depressive symptoms, such that youth with high levels of antisocial behavior had higher depressive symptoms in classrooms where status norms disfavored antisocial behavior than in classrooms with neutral or favorable norms. No moderating effects of sex or grade were observed. These results suggest that both descriptive norms and status norms play important, albeit distinct, roles in exacerbating youth's depressive symptoms and antisocial behavior, but they may also mitigate these same outcomes in favorable contexts.

本研究考察了描述性规范和地位规范对青少年反社会行为稳定性的调节作用,以及最初的反社会行为与一学年内抑郁症状发展之间的联系,同时控制了最初的抑郁水平。在一年的秋季(T1)和春季(T2),社会经济地位处于中下水平的社区学校中共有 1081 名学生(51.06% 为女生;4 至 6 年级)完成了自我报告和同伴提名清单。描述性标准的操作方法是根据班级和性别来确定反社会行为的平均水平。状态规范则是指反社会行为与社会偏好之间的相关性(按班级和性别分类)。描述性规范调节了 T1 和 T2 反社会行为之间的联系,表现出高水平反社会行为的青少年在描述性规范强烈倾向于反社会行为的教室(即 + 1 SD)比在描述性规范中性或弱的教室(即 - 1 SD)的反社会行为增加得更多。状态规范调节了 T1 反社会行为与 T2 抑郁症状之间的关系,在状态规范不赞成反社会行为的班级中,反社会行为程度高的青少年的抑郁症状高于在状态规范中性或有利的班级中。没有观察到性别或年级的调节作用。这些结果表明,描述性规范和地位规范在加剧青少年的抑郁症状和反社会行为方面发挥着重要作用,尽管这两种作用截然不同,但它们也可能在有利的情况下减轻这些相同的结果。
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Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology
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