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Real-World Social Reward Processes are Linked to Momentary Positive Affect in Adolescent Girls. 现实世界的社会奖励过程与青春期女孩的瞬间积极影响有关。
IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01276-9
Stefanie L Sequeira, Julianne M Griffith, T H Stanley Seah, Kiera M James, Cecile D Ladouceur, Jennifer S Silk

Positive peer interactions are critical for adolescent development and well-being. Showing little interest in interacting socially with peers and/or extracting little reward from positive peer interactions can be markers of social anhedonia, which impacts many youths, especially girls, with social anxiety and depressive disorders. Reduced interest or reward in peer interactions may contribute to social anxiety and depression in girls through effects on positive affect (PA), though associations between social anhedonia and momentary PA have yet to be tested. The present study used ecological momentary assessment to test such associations between real-world anticipatory social reward (i.e., interest in upcoming peer events), consummatory social reward (i.e., reward extracted from positive peer interactions), and momentary PA in a sample of 129 girls (aged 11-13 years) who were oversampled for high shy/fearful temperament, a risk factor for future social anxiety and depression. Girls reported higher PA following a more socially rewarding peer interaction, and higher PA on days they reported higher anticipatory social reward. Exploratory analyses showed that these associations were specific to PA; neither anticipatory nor consummatory social reward was associated with changes in negative affect. Findings may inform the development of clinical interventions that target social anhedonia to modify PA in youth with affective disorders.

积极的同伴互动对青少年的发展和幸福至关重要。表现出对与同伴交往缺乏兴趣和/或从积极的同伴交往中获得很少的奖励可能是社交快感缺乏症的标志,这影响了许多年轻人,特别是女孩,患有社交焦虑和抑郁症。在同伴交往中兴趣或奖励的减少可能会通过对积极情感(PA)的影响而导致女孩的社交焦虑和抑郁,尽管社交快感缺乏和短暂的PA之间的联系尚未得到测试。本研究采用生态瞬时评估的方法,对129名高害羞/恐惧气质(未来社交焦虑和抑郁的风险因素)的女孩(11-13岁)进行了现实世界预期性社会奖励(即对即将发生的同伴事件的兴趣)、完成性社会奖励(即从积极的同伴互动中提取的奖励)和瞬时PA之间的关联进行了测试。女孩在有更多社会回报的同伴互动后,她们的个人情绪水平更高,而在预期社会回报更高的日子里,她们的个人情绪水平也更高。探索性分析表明,这些关联是PA特有的;预期性和完满性社会奖励与消极情绪的变化无关。研究结果可能为针对社交快感缺乏的临床干预措施的发展提供信息,以改变青少年情感性障碍的PA。
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引用次数: 0
Potential Harm in the Psychological Treatment of Sexual and Gender Minority Youth. 性少数群体青少年心理治疗的潜在危害。
IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-12-07 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01268-9
Caitlin M Pinciotti, Claire E Cusack, Craig Rodriguez-Seijas, Lorenzo Lorenzo-Luaces, Ilana Seager van Dyk, M Paz Galupo

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals show disproportionately high rates of mental distress relative to their cisgender, heterosexual peers resulting from minority stress, or unique identity-related stressors. The majority of research on minority stress and mental health in SGM individuals has focused on adults, a notable gap given that SGM youth face unique developmental factors that intersect with identity development and availability of support resources. SGM youth therefore represent a critical population for the mental health workforce to serve competently. Mental health providers risk significant harm to their SGM youth clients if they do not understand the mechanisms underlying mental health disparities in this population. This article will review treatment practices that carry the potential for harm with SGM youth, including harms that are more overt and attempt to change SGM identities (i.e., so-called "conversion therapies"), and others that are more covert, such as neglecting to consider SGM identity in conceptualization and treatment (e.g., eating disorders), pathologizing SGM identity and behaviors (e.g., personality disorders, social anxiety), and reinforcing stigma related to SGM identities (e.g., obsessive-compulsive disorder). Accordingly, this article reviews each of these potential harms in detail and provides alternative recommendations for affirming and justice-based treatment for SGM youth.

由于少数群体压力或与独特身份相关的压力源,性少数和性别少数(SGM)个体表现出与他们的顺性、异性恋同龄人相比不成比例的高精神痛苦率。大多数关于SGM个体的少数民族压力和心理健康的研究都集中在成年人身上,这是一个值得注意的差距,因为SGM青年面临着独特的发展因素,这些因素与身份发展和支持资源的可获得性交叉。因此,SGM青年是精神卫生工作人员提供有效服务的关键人群。如果心理健康提供者不了解这一人群中心理健康差异的潜在机制,他们的SGM青年客户可能会受到重大伤害。本文将回顾对SGM青年潜在危害的治疗实践,包括更明显的危害和试图改变SGM身份的危害(即所谓的“转化疗法”),以及其他更隐蔽的危害,例如在概念化和治疗中忽视考虑SGM身份(例如,饮食失调),将SGM身份和行为病理化(例如,人格障碍,社交焦虑),以及加强与SGM身份相关的污名(例如,强迫症)。因此,本文详细地回顾了这些潜在的危害,并提供了对SGM青年的肯定和公正治疗的替代建议。
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引用次数: 0
Parental Emotion Socialization of Sadness as a Correlate for Clinical Improvement: A Longitudinal Study of Adolescents with a Range of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury. 父母对悲伤情绪的社会化与临床改善的相关性:对有各种非自杀性自伤行为的青少年进行的纵向研究》。
IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01236-3
Aurora E Green, Michaelle E DiMaggio-Potter, Jessica Butts, Katherine A Carosella, Kristina M Reigstad, Lynn E Eberly, Kathryn R Cullen, Bonnie Klimes-Dougan

Engagement in nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) often begins in adolescence, and commonly occurs when a person is emotionally dysregulated. Parental emotion socialization (ES) plays a key role in shaping children's emotional expression, experience, and regulation. Longitudinal work is needed to understand how links between parental ES and adolescent clinical outcomes unfold over time. In this longitudinal study (N = 118; all assigned female at birth with a range of NSSI - from none to severe; age 12-17 years, Mage = 14.98 at the first assessment), for the Time 1 (T1) and Time 2 (T2) annual assessments; adolescents reported NSSI and adolescents and parents reported depressive symptoms. Parents (primarily mothers) reported on their supportive and unsupportive ES responses to youth expressions of sadness, anger, and happiness. We examined (1) concurrent relationships across time points, (2) longitudinal models (T1 to T2 change in parental ES and its associated T1 to T2 changes in adolescent clinical outcomes), and (3) prediction models (T1 parental ES predicting changes in adolescent clinical outcomes). Concurrent associations between parental supportive ES responses to sadness and anger were inversely related to adolescent's depressive symptoms and NSSI episodes. Longitudinal analyses showed that increases in unsupportive responses to sadness correspond with increases in depressive symptoms from T1 to T2. The findings underscore the importance of examining how parents respond to their children's emotions. Next steps are to investigate potential mechanisms of risk and consider interventions that enhance adaptive responses of parents to adolescents embroiled in negative emotional states.

非自杀性自残(NSSI)通常始于青春期,通常发生在一个人情绪失调的时候。父母的情绪社会化(ES)在塑造儿童的情绪表达、体验和调节方面起着关键作用。要了解父母情绪社会化与青少年临床结果之间的联系是如何随着时间的推移而发展的,还需要进行纵向研究。在这项纵向研究中(N = 118;出生时均为女性,NSSI 范围从无到严重;年龄 12-17 岁,首次评估时 Mage = 14.98),在时间 1(T1)和时间 2(T2)的年度评估中,青少年报告了 NSSI,青少年和父母报告了抑郁症状。父母(主要是母亲)报告了他们对青少年表达悲伤、愤怒和快乐的支持性和非支持性 ES 反应。我们研究了(1)各时间点的并发关系;(2)纵向模型(父母ES的T1至T2变化及其相关的青少年临床结果的T1至T2变化);以及(3)预测模型(T1父母ES预测青少年临床结果的变化)。父母对悲伤和愤怒的支持性ES反应与青少年的抑郁症状和NSSI发作成反比。纵向分析表明,从T1到T2,对悲伤的不支持性反应的增加与抑郁症状的增加相对应。这些发现强调了研究父母如何应对子女情绪的重要性。下一步工作是研究潜在的风险机制,并考虑采取干预措施,增强父母对陷入负面情绪状态的青少年的适应性反应。
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引用次数: 0
Behavioral and Emotional Responding to Punishment in ADHD: Is Increased Emotionality Related to Altered Behavioral Responding? 多动症患者对惩罚的行为和情绪反应:情绪化的增加是否与行为反应的改变有关?
IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01238-1
An-Katrien Hulsbosch, Brent Alsop, Marina Danckaerts, Dagmar Van Liefferinge, Gail Tripp, Saskia Van der Oord

Children with ADHD are theorized to experience increased negative emotional responses to punishment, compared to typically developing (TD) children, resulting in altered behavioral responding (Amsel, 1992). However, this has not been empirically tested. The current study evaluated the effects of punishment and reward on the behavioral and emotional responding of children with and without ADHD. Fifty-three children with ADHD (64.15% boys) and 46 TD children (47.83% boys), age 6-12, completed a task in which they chose between playing two simultaneously available games. Reward was arranged symmetrically across the games; responses on one game were punished four times as often as responses on the other game. Children's negative and positive emotional expressions were assessed during task completion with facial expression coding. Results indicated both groups showed a preference for playing the less punished game. Children with ADHD took longer to respond after punishment and reward compared to TD children. Negative emotional expressions increased with time on task for those with ADHD, the opposite pattern was seen in TD children. Children with ADHD showed more positive emotional expressions overall. The effect of ADHD on increased response times after reward was statistically fully mediated by increased positive facial expressions. Findings indicate children with ADHD do not show an altered response bias under punishment compared to TD children, but their cumulative negative emotional responding may indicate problems with building frustration tolerance as hypothesized by Amsel (1992). Results are theoretically important as they suggest increased emotional responding in ADHD is associated with slower responding.

据推测,与发育正常(TD)的儿童相比,患有多动症(ADHD)的儿童对惩罚的负面情绪反应会增加,从而导致行为反应的改变(Amsel,1992 年)。然而,这一点尚未得到实证检验。本研究评估了惩罚和奖励对患有和不患有多动症儿童的行为和情绪反应的影响。53 名患有多动症的儿童(64.15% 为男孩)和 46 名患有注意力缺失症的儿童(47.83% 为男孩)(年龄在 6-12 岁之间)完成了一项任务,即在同时进行的两个游戏中做出选择。奖励在两个游戏中对称进行;在一个游戏中做出反应的儿童受到的惩罚是在另一个游戏中做出反应的儿童的四倍。在完成任务的过程中,通过面部表情编码对儿童的消极和积极情绪表达进行了评估。结果显示,两组儿童都倾向于玩惩罚较少的游戏。与TD儿童相比,ADHD儿童在受到惩罚和奖励后做出反应的时间更长。多动症儿童的消极情绪表达随着完成任务时间的延长而增加,而失智症儿童的情况恰恰相反。多动症儿童总体上表现出更多的积极情绪表达。据统计,多动症对奖励后反应时间增加的影响完全由积极面部表情的增加所中介。研究结果表明,与 TD 儿童相比,ADHD 儿童在受到惩罚时并没有表现出改变的反应偏差,但他们累积的消极情绪反应可能表明他们在培养挫折耐受力方面存在问题,正如 Amsel(1992 年)所假设的那样。这些结果具有重要的理论意义,因为它们表明多动症儿童情绪反应的增加与反应迟钝有关。
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引用次数: 0
A Pilot Controlled Trial of Relaxation Training Combined with a Video Game Reinforcing Emotional Regulation to Improve Anger Management in Children and Adolescents. 放松训练与强化情绪调节的视频游戏相结合以改善儿童和青少年愤怒管理的试点对照试验。
IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01259-w
Carrie Vaudreuil, Madelaine R Abel, Yvonne Barnett, Maura DiSalvo, Dina R Hirshfeld-Becker

Untreated anger and aggression in youth confer heightened risk for subsequent psychosocial problems. However, engaging youth in treatment for anger can be difficult given barriers to accessing care and high rates of attrition. This study examined whether learning relaxation skills and practicing them using a videogame, whose operation was contingent upon keeping heart rate close to baseline levels, could help children learn to manage anger and aggression. Youth ages 7-17 with elevated levels of anger (N = 39) were randomized to receive the active video game condition or a control game that displayed heart rate but did not stop the game if heart rate became elevated. Youth underwent baseline screening, 6 treatment sessions, and follow-up assessments at 2-weeks and 3-months. Compared to the control condition, children in the active condition demonstrated significantly greater improvements in clinician-rated aggression severity (d = 1.48) and youth-rated emotion dysregulation (d = 3.46) at 2-weeks post-treatment. The active group maintained these improvements at 3-month follow-up, but no longer significantly differed from the control group. Intervention effects were nonsignificant for parent-reported emotion dysregulation and aggression. In addition, the intervention group youth, but not control group, experienced increased time with heart rate below baseline over the course of the 6 sessions. Findings suggest a promising brief intervention for reducing aggression and emotion dysregulation in children while they are waiting for longer-term outpatient therapy. Clinical Trial Registration Number: NCT03270813.

青少年的愤怒和攻击行为如果得不到治疗,就会增加他们日后出现社会心理问题的风险。然而,鉴于获得治疗的障碍和高流失率,让青少年接受愤怒治疗可能很难。本研究探讨了学习放松技能并使用电子游戏进行练习(电子游戏的运行取决于心率是否接近基线水平)能否帮助儿童学会控制愤怒和攻击行为。年龄在 7-17 岁之间、愤怒水平较高的青少年(39 人)被随机分配到主动视频游戏条件下或对照游戏条件下,对照游戏会显示心率,但不会在心率升高时停止游戏。青少年接受了基线筛查、6 次治疗以及 2 周和 3 个月的跟踪评估。与对照组相比,积极治疗组的儿童在治疗后两周内,在临床医生评定的攻击严重性(d = 1.48)和青少年评定的情绪失调(d = 3.46)方面都有明显改善。积极组在 3 个月的随访中保持了这些改善,但与对照组相比不再有显著差异。在家长报告的情绪失调和攻击行为方面,干预效果不显著。此外,在 6 个疗程中,干预组青少年的心率低于基线的时间有所增加,而对照组青少年的心率低于基线的时间则没有增加。研究结果表明,在儿童等待长期门诊治疗期间,简短干预对减少他们的攻击行为和情绪失调很有帮助。临床试验注册号:NCT03270813:NCT03270813。
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引用次数: 0
Adolescent Emotional Reactivity in Family and School Contexts: Prospective Links to Adolescent Psychopathology. 青少年在家庭和学校环境中的情绪反应:青少年在家庭和学校环境中的情绪反应:与青少年心理病理学的前瞻性联系》。
IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01241-6
Shou-Chun Chiang, Sunhye Bai

Emotional reactivity has been linked to adolescent psychopathology and mental health problems. However, limited research has investigated the distinct associations between emotional reactivity in multiple interpersonal contexts and the development of adolescent psychopathology. The current study examined emotional reactivity to interparental conflict, parent-adolescent conflict, and school problems as predictors of adolescent internalizing problems, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms six months later. The sample included 139 adolescents (54% girls; Mage = 13.30, SDage = 0.73) and their parents who completed 10-day daily reports and 6-month follow-up assessments in Taiwan. Results showed that negative emotional reactivity to interparental conflict was associated with increased internalizing problems, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms, after controlling for emotional reactivity to parent-adolescent conflict and school problems, outcomes at baseline, mean negative emotions, and sex. Furthermore, the associations between both positive and negative emotional reactivity to interparental conflict and adolescent anxiety symptoms was stronger for girls than boys. Findings suggested that heightened emotional reactivity to interparental conflict is a risk factor for predicting adolescent psychopathology, especially for girls' anxiety symptoms. Results highlight the importance of emotional reactivity across multiple interpersonal contexts in adolescence.

情绪反应与青少年心理病理学和心理健康问题有关。然而,对多种人际关系背景下的情绪反应性与青少年心理病理学发展之间不同关联的研究却很有限。本研究探讨了父母间冲突、父母与青少年间冲突以及学校问题的情绪反应性对六个月后青少年内化问题、抑郁症状和焦虑症状的预测作用。样本包括139名青少年(54%为女生;平均年龄=13.30岁,平均年龄差值=0.73岁)及其父母,他们在台湾完成了10天的每日报告和6个月的跟踪评估。结果显示,在控制了对父母与青少年冲突和学校问题的情绪反应、基线结果、平均消极情绪和性别之后,对父母间冲突的消极情绪反应与内化问题、抑郁症状和焦虑症状的增加有关。此外,女孩对父母间冲突的积极和消极情绪反应与青少年焦虑症状之间的联系比男孩更强。研究结果表明,对父母间冲突的高情绪反应性是预测青少年心理病理学的一个风险因素,尤其是对女孩的焦虑症状而言。研究结果凸显了情绪反应在青春期多种人际环境中的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
What Emotion Regulation Strategies are Associated with a General Psychopathology Factor (p) in Adolescence? Identifying Possible Transdiagnostic Targets for Intervention. 哪些情绪调节策略与青春期的一般精神病理学因子(p)相关?确定可能的跨诊断干预目标。
IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01239-0
Siri Saugestad Helland, Emily Gabriela Vira, John Kjøbli, Espen Røysamb, Ragnhild Bang Nes, Jannike Kaasbøll, Silje Baardstu

Mental health problems in adolescence are increasing and there is an urgent call for transdiagnostic interventions, as most adolescents experience problems across multiple domains. Research has identified a general psychopathology factor (p) capturing the shared variance across mental health problems. In parallel, there is empirical support for the transdiagnostic nature of emotion regulation. In the current study, we explore the associations between p and emotion regulation strategies to identify which strategies may be promising targets for intervention. Data from the population-based Youth and Mental Health Study (YAMHS) (N = 2,464, mean age 13.7 years, SD 0.6) was used. The fit of different structural models of emotion regulation and psychopathology were compared, and latent factors from the final models were included in multiple regression analyses to explore the associations between p and emotion regulation strategies. A bifactor exploratory structural equation model (B-ESEM) showed best fit for modelling p. For emotion regulation strategies, an ESEM model showed best fit, including Rumination, Reactive Impulsivity, Distraction, Non-Acceptance, Problem Solving, Social Support, and Proactive Behavior. Results showed that a higher score on p was predicted by higher scores on the emotion regulation strategies Rumination (β = .38, p < .001) and Reactive Impulsivity (β = .35, p < .001), and lower scores on Problem Solving (β = -.15, p < .001). The results indicate that Rumination and Reactive Impulsivity have the strongest associations with p and may be promising targets for mental health interventions for adolescents.

青少年的心理健康问题日益增多,迫切需要采取跨诊断干预措施,因为大多数青少年都会遇到多个领域的问题。研究发现,一般精神病理学因子(p)可以捕捉到各种心理健康问题的共同差异。与此同时,情绪调节的跨诊断性也得到了实证支持。在本研究中,我们探讨了 p 与情绪调节策略之间的关联,以确定哪些策略可能是有希望的干预目标。研究采用了基于人群的青少年与心理健康研究(YAMHS)的数据(N = 2,464,平均年龄 13.7 岁,SD 0.6)。比较了情绪调节和心理病理学的不同结构模型的拟合度,并将最终模型中的潜在因素纳入多元回归分析,以探讨p与情绪调节策略之间的关联。双因素探索性结构方程模型(B-ESEM)显示了 p 模型的最佳拟合度。情绪调节策略方面,ESEM 模型显示了最佳拟合度,包括反刍、反应冲动、分心、不接受、解决问题、社会支持和积极主动行为。结果表明,情绪调节策略中的 "反刍 "得分越高,则 p 得分越高(β = 0.38,p = 0.01)。
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引用次数: 0
Impaired Social Attention and Cognitive Empathy in a Paediatric Sample of Children with Symptoms of Anxiety. 儿科样本中焦虑症状儿童的社交注意力和认知移情能力受损。
IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01240-7
Steve Eaton, Ellie Mae Dorrans, Stephanie H M van Goozen

Impairments in social cognition, in particular empathy, have been associated with childhood psychopathology, though previous investigations have yielded inconsistent results. Measures of social attention can reveal processes involved in responses to emotional stimuli and highlight deficits in empathy, or emotional biases in those with anxiety. The current study examined symptoms of anxiety, cognitive and affective empathy scores, and eye-gaze patterns in a pediatric sample of children (n = 178; 51-98 months-old) referred by their teachers for emerging psychopathology symptoms at school. We used eye-tracking metrics to capture gaze patterns during a dynamic video task designed to elicit empathic responses. Anxiety symptomology was reported by parents using the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders scale (SCARED). Associations between eye-tracking variables, cognitive and affective empathy, and anxiety scores were analysed dimensionally in accordance with the Research and Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework. Higher levels of anxiety were associated with lower cognitive empathy and shorter first and total fixation durations to the eyes, across emotions (happiness, sadness, fear). No such associations were found between affective empathy and anxiety. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that across emotion conditions, first fixation duration negatively predicted anxiety scores. Our results indicate that children high in anxiety display cognitive empathy impairments and shorter attention to the eyes. These findings could inform early intervention programs for individuals at risk of developing anxiety disorders, as educating those high in anxiety on ways to identify emotions in others through changes in social attention could help to reduce anxiety.

社会认知能力的缺陷,尤其是移情能力的缺陷,与儿童精神病理学有关,但以往的研究结果并不一致。对社会注意力的测量可以揭示对情绪刺激的反应过程,并凸显焦虑症患者在移情方面的缺陷或情绪偏差。本研究以儿科儿童(n = 178;51-98 个月大)为样本,研究了他们的焦虑症状、认知和情感共情得分,以及眼动模式。我们使用眼动追踪指标来捕捉动态视频任务中的注视模式,旨在激发共情反应。焦虑症状由家长使用儿童焦虑相关障碍筛查量表(SCARED)进行报告。根据研究和领域标准(RDoC)框架,对眼动跟踪变量、认知和情感移情以及焦虑评分之间的关联进行了维度分析。在各种情绪(快乐、悲伤、恐惧)中,焦虑程度越高,认知移情能力越低,眼睛的首次凝视时间和总凝视时间越短。而情感移情与焦虑之间则没有这种关联。层次多元回归分析表明,在不同的情绪条件下,第一次定睛持续时间对焦虑得分有负面预测作用。我们的研究结果表明,焦虑程度高的儿童在认知移情方面表现出障碍,并且对眼睛的注意力较短。这些发现可以为针对焦虑症高危人群的早期干预计划提供参考,因为教育焦虑症高危人群通过改变社交注意力来识别他人情绪的方法有助于减轻焦虑。
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引用次数: 0
Positive Emotion Dysregulation and Social Impairments in Adolescents with and without ADHD. 有多动症和无多动症青少年的积极情绪失调与社交障碍。
IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-24 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01237-2
Julia D McQuade, Daria Taubin, Arianna E Mordy

Although research suggests that emotion dysregulation may underlie adolescents' social impairments, studies have focused almost exclusively on the dysregulation of negative emotions. The present study addressed this gap in the literature by examining whether behavioral manifestations of positive emotion dysregulation are also implicated. A sample of 13-18-year-old adolescents (56.8% female) with and without a childhood diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was used, increasing variability in impairment profiles. Adolescents self-reported behavioral difficulties related to positive emotion dysregulation (i.e., impulse control difficulties, difficulties engaging in goal-directed behavior, and non-acceptance of positive emotions), negative emotion dysregulation, and social impairments (i.e., peer rejection, friendship quality, deviant peer affiliation, aggression, and victimization); parents rated adolescent's ADHD symptoms. Regression analyses indicated that impulse control difficulties when experiencing positive emotions uniquely predicted greater conflict in the best friend relationship, deviant peer affiliation, aggression, and victimization, even when accounting for negative emotion dysregulation and current ADHD symptoms. The significant effect of impulse control difficulties on these social impairments was consistent when accounting for oppositional defiant disorder and depression symptoms and when examining the main predictors only in adolescents with childhood or adolescent clinical elevations in ADHD symptoms. These results are the first to indicate that even for adolescents with ADHD, positive emotion dysregulation, and specifically impulse control difficulties, may significantly predict social challenges.

尽管研究表明,情绪失调可能是青少年社交障碍的根源,但研究几乎都集中在消极情绪的失调上。本研究针对这一文献空白,探讨了积极情绪失调的行为表现是否也与此有关。本研究采用的样本为 13-18 岁的青少年(56.8% 为女性),他们在童年时曾被诊断患有或未被诊断患有注意力缺陷/多动障碍(ADHD),从而增加了损伤特征的可变性。青少年自我报告了与积极情绪失调有关的行为障碍(即冲动控制障碍、目标导向行为障碍和不接受积极情绪)、消极情绪失调和社交障碍(即同伴排斥、友谊质量、偏离同伴关系、攻击性和受害);家长对青少年的多动症症状进行了评分。回归分析表明,即使考虑到消极情绪调节障碍和当前的多动症症状,在体验积极情绪时出现的冲动控制障碍也能独特地预测出挚友关系中更大的冲突、不正常的同伴关系、攻击行为和受害行为。在考虑对立违抗障碍和抑郁症状的情况下,以及在仅对患有儿童或青少年临床多动症状的青少年的主要预测因素进行研究时,冲动控制障碍对这些社交障碍的重大影响是一致的。这些结果首次表明,即使对患有多动症的青少年来说,积极情绪失调,特别是冲动控制障碍,也能显著预测社交障碍。
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引用次数: 0
Development of Comorbid Alcohol Use and Depressive Symptoms During Late Adolescence: Examining the Roles of Emotion Regulation and Gender Differences. 青少年晚期合并酗酒和抑郁症状的发展:研究情绪调节和性别差异的作用
IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01251-4
R D Risbud, A E Guyer, R W Robins, P D Hastings

Depression and alcohol use are highly comorbid, and often emerge during adolescence. Depressive symptoms may precede alcohol use, via the self-medication pathway, or alcohol use may precede depressive symptoms, via the alcohol induced disruption pathway. Yet little is known about other risks for developing comorbidity via either path. The present study hypothesized that poor cognitive and physiological emotion regulation (ER) are risk factors implicated in the development of comorbid depression and alcohol use during late adolescence. Participants were 229 (113 girls) Mexican-origin youth who reported on depressive symptoms and alcohol use at ages 17 (Time 1) and 19 years (Time 2). At age 17, cognitive reappraisal (CR), an adaptive ER strategy, and baseline respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), a physiological index of ER capacity, were assessed. CR, RSA and gender were examined as predictors and moderators of the developing comorbidity of alcohol use and depression in cross-lagged panel models. Lower use of CR was concurrently associated with more depressive symptoms at age 17 and predicted greater depression at age 19. Age 17 alcohol use predicted age 19 depressive symptoms for boys. Lower RSA at age 17 also predicted more depressive symptoms at age 19 for boys. Neither CR nor RSA moderated the predicted relations between depression and alcohol use. Findings supported the alcohol induced disruption model of comorbidity for boys, and showed that poor cognitive and physiological ER increased risk for exacerbating depressive symptoms in late adolescence.

抑郁和酗酒是高度并发症,通常在青春期就会出现。抑郁症状可能通过自我治疗途径先于饮酒出现,或者通过酒精诱发的干扰途径先于抑郁症状出现。然而,人们对通过这两种途径产生合并症的其他风险知之甚少。本研究假设,认知和生理情绪调节能力差(ER)是青春期后期抑郁和酗酒并发症发生的风险因素。229 名墨西哥裔青少年(113 名女生)在 17 岁(时间 1)和 19 岁(时间 2)时报告了抑郁症状和饮酒情况。对 17 岁时的认知再评价(CR)(一种适应性应急策略)和基线呼吸窦性心律失常(RSA)(应急能力的生理指标)进行了评估。在交叉滞后的面板模型中,CR、RSA 和性别被视为酗酒和抑郁并发症的预测因子和调节因子。较低的 CR 使用量与 17 岁时较多的抑郁症状同时相关,并预示着 19 岁时较多的抑郁症状。对于男孩来说,17 岁时酗酒可预测 19 岁时的抑郁症状。17 岁时较低的 RSA 也预示着男孩在 19 岁时会出现更多的抑郁症状。CR 和 RSA 都不能调节抑郁与饮酒之间的预测关系。研究结果支持酒精诱发男孩合并症的干扰模型,并表明认知和生理ER不良会增加青春期后期抑郁症状加重的风险。
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引用次数: 0
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Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology
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