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Peer Victimization and Callous-Unemotional Traits: The Impact of Parents and Teachers. 同伴伤害与冷酷无情的情绪特征:父母和教师的影响。
IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-31 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01213-w
Carlos R Sanchez, John L Cooley

Research on the link between peer victimization and callous-unemotional (CU) traits has primarily relied on cross-sectional designs and yielded equivocal findings. In light of the poor outcomes related to peer victimization and CU traits, it is important to determine whether this link is reciprocal in nature and to identify factors that may influence its strength. Accordingly, the current study investigated the bidirectional association between peer victimization and CU traits over a 6-month period, accounting for the moderating effects of parents (i.e., support and hostility) and teachers (i.e., support and conflict). Participants included 284 third- through fifth-grade students (ages 7-12; 51.8% boys; 51.1% Hispanic) and their homeroom teachers. Children provided ratings of peer victimization, parental hostility, and parent and teacher support. Teachers provided ratings of CU traits and student-teacher conflict. A series of cross-lagged panel models were estimated. Results revealed that, at higher levels of parental hostility, peer victimization predicted increases in CU traits over time; in contrast, peer victimization predicted decreases in CU traits at lower levels of parental hostility. Surprisingly, at higher levels of teacher conflict, peer victimization predicted decreases in CU traits over time. CU traits did not interact with parent or teacher variables to predict subsequent peer victimization. Moreover, parental hostility was positively associated with subsequent peer victimization, whereas teacher support predicted decreases in victimization over time. These findings build on previous research examining environmental influences on the expression of CU traits by highlighting peer victimization and parental hostility as potential risk factors.

有关同伴伤害与冷酷无情-不情感(CU)特质之间联系的研究主要依赖于横断面设计,得出的结论模棱两可。鉴于同伴伤害与 CU 特质之间的不良后果,确定这种联系是否具有互惠性质并找出可能影响其强度的因素非常重要。因此,本研究调查了 6 个月内同伴伤害与 CU 特质之间的双向联系,并考虑了父母(即支持和敌意)和教师(即支持和冲突)的调节作用。参与者包括 284 名三至五年级学生(7-12 岁;51.8% 为男生;51.1% 为西班牙裔)及其班主任。孩子们对同伴伤害、父母敌意以及父母和老师的支持进行了评分。教师则对 CU 特质和师生冲突进行评分。对一系列交叉滞后面板模型进行了估计。结果表明,在父母敌意程度较高的情况下,同伴伤害会随着时间的推移预示着CU特质的增加;相反,在父母敌意程度较低的情况下,同伴伤害会预示着CU特质的减少。令人惊讶的是,在教师冲突程度较高的情况下,同伴伤害会随着时间的推移而降低儿童的认知障碍特质。CU特质并没有与父母或教师变量相互作用,从而预测随后的同伴伤害。此外,父母的敌意与随后的同伴伤害行为呈正相关,而教师的支持则预示着伤害行为会随着时间的推移而减少。这些研究结果是在以往研究环境对CU特质表达影响的基础上得出的,强调了同伴伤害和父母敌意是潜在的风险因素。
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引用次数: 0
Validation of the Capacity for the Psychotherapy Process Scale for Use in Adolescent Patients. 用于青少年患者的心理治疗过程能力量表的验证。
IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-07 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01209-6
Yanfei Hou, Junwu Hu, Xin Zhang, Jiubo Zhao, Xueling Yang, Xiyuan Sun, Yonghui Li, Lei Zhang, Zhihong Lyu, Leqin Fang, Xiaoyuan Zhang

Although pre-treatment assessments of the capacity for the psychotherapy process can aid in identifying patients experiencing great difficulties in therapy and in tailoring therapies for individual patients, limited information exists for adolescents. To address this gap, this study followed the World Health Organization's age standards for adolescents (younger adolescents aged 10-14 years; older adolescents aged 15-19 years), examined the psychometric properties of the Capacity for Psychotherapy Process Scale (CFPPS; mainly used for adult patients) in these two groups of adolescents, and compared their capacities for the psychotherapy process. The participants were 434 younger adolescent (mean age = 13.00 ± 1.08 years; 70.0% female) and 883 older adolescent outpatients (mean age = 16.68 ± 1.29 years; 62.3% female) at the department of psychiatry of the hospital in Guangzhou, China. The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses validated the 5-factor model (motivation, belief, self-revelation, persistence, and insight) in both groups. The scale also demonstrated good internal consistency. Furthermore, the CFPPS exhibited small or no associations with pre-treatment sleep problems, depression symptoms, or anxiety symptoms but was a significant predictor of working alliance and psychological benefit in therapy. The capacity for the psychotherapy process among younger adolescents was lower than that among older adolescents. The CFPPS appears to be a reliable and validated instrument for measuring the capacity for the psychotherapy process among adolescent outpatients in China. Therapists should provide therapy tailored to the Chinese adolescents' capacity. Future studies are needed to examine the predictive utility of the CFPPS for the whole sessions of the psychotherapy.

尽管对心理治疗过程能力的治疗前评估有助于识别在治疗过程中遇到巨大困难的患者,并为患者量身定制治疗方案,但针对青少年的评估信息却十分有限。为了填补这一空白,本研究按照世界卫生组织的青少年年龄标准(10-14 岁的青少年;15-19 岁的青少年),研究了心理治疗过程能力量表(CFPPS,主要用于成年患者)在这两组青少年中的心理测量特性,并比较了他们的心理治疗过程能力。研究对象为中国广州某医院精神科的 434 名年龄较小的青少年(平均年龄 = 13.00 ± 1.08 岁;70.0% 为女性)和 883 名年龄较大的青少年门诊患者(平均年龄 = 16.68 ± 1.29 岁;62.3% 为女性)。探索性和确认性因素分析的结果验证了两组患者的五因素模型(动机、信念、自我揭示、坚持和洞察力)。量表还显示出良好的内部一致性。此外,CFPPS 与治疗前的睡眠问题、抑郁症状或焦虑症状的关联很小或没有关联,但对治疗中的工作联盟和心理受益有显著的预测作用。与年龄较大的青少年相比,年龄较小的青少年的心理治疗能力较低。CFPPS似乎是测量中国青少年门诊患者心理治疗过程能力的可靠且有效的工具。治疗师应根据中国青少年的能力提供相应的治疗。未来的研究还需要考察CFPPS对整个心理治疗过程的预测作用。
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引用次数: 0
Promoting Psychological Well-being in Preschoolers Through Mindfulness-based Socio-emotional Learning: A Randomized-controlled Trial. 通过正念社会情感学习促进学龄前儿童的心理健康:随机对照试验
IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-08 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01220-x
Ophélie Courbet, Quentin Daviot, Victoire Kalamarides, Marianne Habib, Thomas Villemonteix

Mental health issues in children and young people are frequent and can have enduring negative consequences. Preventive early interventions delivered at school may foster psychological well-being, and preliminary evidence suggests that mindfulness-based social and emotional learning (SEL) interventions have positive effects on children's mental health. The aim of this study was to evaluate a mindfulness-based SEL curriculum including a French adaptation of the Kindness Curriculum (KC), delivered by pre-kindergarten teachers, in a cluster randomized control trial. Sixty-four classes (761 children, aged 38-58 months) from a socio-economically disadvantaged area in France were randomly assigned to either intervention or waiting-list control conditions. Indicators of children's mental health, self-management, positive relationships with teachers and peers, emotional processing and executive functioning were collected through teacher-rated questionnaires, standardized observations, and behavioral tasks. Results in the whole sample indicated a positive effect of the intervention on children's mental health, including a reduction in emotional, conduct and peer relationship problems, and a reduction in teacher-child conflicts. No significant effects were found on the other indicators. Heterogeneity analyses revealed stronger effects of the intervention on several indicators for children who had a teacher with lower level of teaching experience, for children with lower baseline mental health and for older children. This program therefore appears as a promising early school-based intervention promoting mental health and positive relationships, especially in a subgroup of at-risk preschool-aged children.

儿童和青少年的心理健康问题经常发生,并可能产生持久的负面影响。在学校进行预防性早期干预可以促进心理健康,初步证据表明,以正念为基础的社交和情感学习(SEL)干预对儿童的心理健康有积极影响。本研究旨在通过分组随机对照试验,评估由学前班教师教授的基于正念的社会和情感学习课程,包括改编自法语的 "仁慈课程"(KC)。来自法国社会经济贫困地区的 64 个班级(761 名儿童,年龄 38-58 个月)被随机分配到干预或等待名单对照组。通过教师评分问卷、标准化观察和行为任务,收集了有关儿童心理健康、自我管理、与教师和同伴的积极关系、情绪处理和执行功能的指标。整个样本的结果表明,干预措施对儿童的心理健康产生了积极影响,包括减少了情绪、行为和同伴关系问题,并减少了师生冲突。其他指标没有发现明显效果。异质性分析表明,对于那些教师教学经验较少的儿童、心理健康基线较低的儿童以及年龄较大的儿童来说,干预措施对多项指标的影响更大。因此,该项目似乎是一项很有前景的早期校本干预措施,能促进心理健康和积极的人际关系,尤其是对学龄前的高危儿童群体。
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引用次数: 0
Anxiety Symptom Trajectories Predict Depression Symptom Trajectories up to Four Years After CBT for Youth Anxiety Disorders. 焦虑症状轨迹预测青少年焦虑症 CBT 治疗四年后的抑郁症状轨迹。
IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-15 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01214-9
Krister W Fjermestad, Fredrik Ø Norum, Helene S Brask, Arne Kodal, Wendy K Silverman, Einar R Heiervang, Gro Janne Wergeland

Long-term data on depression symptoms after cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for youth anxiety disorders are scant. We examined depression symptoms up to four years post CBT for anxiety addressing youth age and gender, family social class, and parent mental health as predictors. The sample comprised 179 youth (M age at pre-treatment = 11.5 years; SD = 2.1) in a randomized controlled trial. Clinically assessed anxiety diagnoses and youth and parent-reported anxiety and depression symptoms were measured before, after, and one and four years after CBT. Parent self-reported mental health was measured before CBT. We used regression analyses to determine whether full diagnostic recovery at post-CBT predicted depression trajectories across the four-year assessment period. We used growth curve models to determine whether anxiety trajectories predicted depression trajectories across the four-year assessment period. Youth who lost their anxiety diagnoses after CBT had significantly lower parent-reported depression levels over time, but not lower youth self-reported depression levels. The anxiety symptom trajectory predicted the depression symptom trajectory up to four years post-treatment. There was more explained variance for within-informant (youth-youth; parent-parent) than cross-informants. Being older, female, having lower socio-economic status and parents with poorer mental health were associated with more youth-rated depression over time. However, these demographic predictors were not significant when anxiety symptoms trajectories were added to the models. Successful CBT for anxiety in children is associated with less depression symptoms for as long as four years. Anxiety symptom improvement appears to be a stronger predictor that demographic variables and parent mental health.

有关青少年焦虑症认知行为疗法(CBT)后抑郁症状的长期数据很少。我们以青少年的年龄和性别、家庭社会阶层和父母的心理健康为预测因素,研究了认知行为疗法治疗焦虑症后四年内的抑郁症状。在一项随机对照试验中,样本包括 179 名青少年(治疗前平均年龄 = 11.5 岁;标准差 = 2.1)。临床评估的焦虑诊断以及青少年和家长报告的焦虑和抑郁症状在 CBT 治疗前、治疗后以及治疗后 1 年和 4 年进行了测量。家长自我报告的心理健康状况在 CBT 前进行了测量。我们使用回归分析来确定,CBT 后诊断的完全恢复是否能预测四年评估期间的抑郁轨迹。我们使用成长曲线模型来确定焦虑轨迹是否能预测四年评估期内的抑郁轨迹。在接受 CBT 治疗后焦虑诊断消失的青少年,其父母报告的抑郁水平随着时间的推移会明显降低,但青少年自我报告的抑郁水平不会降低。焦虑症状轨迹可预测治疗后四年内的抑郁症状轨迹。与跨受试者相比,受试者内部(青少年-青少年;家长-家长)的解释方差更大。随着时间的推移,年龄越大、女性、社会经济地位越低以及父母的心理健康状况越差,青少年的抑郁程度就越高。然而,当焦虑症状轨迹被添加到模型中时,这些人口统计学预测因素并不显著。长达四年的时间里,成功的儿童焦虑症 CBT 治疗与抑郁症状的减少有关。焦虑症状的改善似乎比人口统计学变量和父母的心理健康状况更能预测焦虑症状的改善。
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引用次数: 0
Objective Linguistic Markers Associated with Callous-Unemotional Traits in Early Childhood. 客观语言标记与幼儿期的冷酷-不情感特质有关。
IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01219-4
R Waller, M Flum, Y Paz, E R Perkins, Y Rodriguez, A Knox, M R Pelella, C Jones, S Sun, S A Denham, J Herrington, J Parish-Morris

Background: Callous-unemotional (CU) traits are associated with interpersonal difficulties and risk for severe conduct problems (CP). The ability to communicate thoughts and feelings is critical to social success, with language a promising treatment target. However, no prior studies have examined objective linguistic correlates of childhood CU traits in early childhood, which could give insight into underlying risk mechanisms and novel target treatments.

Methods: We computed lexical (positive emotion, sad, and anger words) and conversational (interruptions and speech rate) markers produced by 131 children aged 5-6 years (M = 5.98; SD = 0.54, 58.8% female) and their parents while narrating wordless storybooks during two online visits separated by 6-8 weeks (M = 6.56, SD = 1.11; two books, order counterbalanced). Audio recordings were diarized, time-aligned, and orthographically transcribed using WebTrans. Conversational markers were calculated using R and word frequencies were calculated using Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) software. We examined links between child CU traits and linguistic markers, and explored whether relationships were moderated by child sex.

Results: Higher CU traits were associated with fewer positive emotion words produced by parents and children. Higher CU traits were also associated with greater concordance in the degree of interruptions and expression of anger emotion words by parents and children.

Conclusions: Results suggest that objective linguistic correlates of CU traits are detectable during early childhood, which could inform adjunctive treatment modules that improve outcomes by precisely tracking and targeting subtle communication patterns.

背景:冷酷无情(CU)特质与人际交往困难和严重行为问题(CP)的风险有关。交流思想和情感的能力是社交成功的关键,而语言是一个很有前景的治疗目标。然而,之前的研究还没有对幼儿期儿童CU特质的客观语言相关性进行研究,而这些研究可以帮助我们了解潜在的风险机制和新的目标治疗方法:我们计算了 131 名 5-6 岁儿童(男 = 5.98;女 SD = 0.54,58.8% 女性)及其父母在两次相隔 6-8 周的在线访问(男 = 6.56;女 SD = 1.11;两本书,顺序平衡)中讲述无字故事书时产生的词汇(积极情绪词、悲伤词和愤怒词)和会话(打断和语速)标记。录音采用 WebTrans 进行了日记化、时间对齐和正字法转录。使用 R 计算对话标记,并使用语言调查和词数统计 (LIWC) 软件计算词频。我们研究了儿童 CU 特质与语言标记之间的联系,并探讨了儿童性别是否会调节两者之间的关系:结果:较高的 CU 特质与父母和儿童较少使用积极情绪词有关。结论:CU特质越高,父母和子女在打断和表达愤怒情绪词方面的一致性也越高:结论:研究结果表明,在幼儿期就能检测到CU特质的客观语言相关性,这可以为辅助治疗模块提供依据,通过精确跟踪和针对微妙的沟通模式来改善治疗效果。
{"title":"Objective Linguistic Markers Associated with Callous-Unemotional Traits in Early Childhood.","authors":"R Waller, M Flum, Y Paz, E R Perkins, Y Rodriguez, A Knox, M R Pelella, C Jones, S Sun, S A Denham, J Herrington, J Parish-Morris","doi":"10.1007/s10802-024-01219-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10802-024-01219-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Callous-unemotional (CU) traits are associated with interpersonal difficulties and risk for severe conduct problems (CP). The ability to communicate thoughts and feelings is critical to social success, with language a promising treatment target. However, no prior studies have examined objective linguistic correlates of childhood CU traits in early childhood, which could give insight into underlying risk mechanisms and novel target treatments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We computed lexical (positive emotion, sad, and anger words) and conversational (interruptions and speech rate) markers produced by 131 children aged 5-6 years (M = 5.98; SD = 0.54, 58.8% female) and their parents while narrating wordless storybooks during two online visits separated by 6-8 weeks (M = 6.56, SD = 1.11; two books, order counterbalanced). Audio recordings were diarized, time-aligned, and orthographically transcribed using WebTrans. Conversational markers were calculated using R and word frequencies were calculated using Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) software. We examined links between child CU traits and linguistic markers, and explored whether relationships were moderated by child sex.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher CU traits were associated with fewer positive emotion words produced by parents and children. Higher CU traits were also associated with greater concordance in the degree of interruptions and expression of anger emotion words by parents and children.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results suggest that objective linguistic correlates of CU traits are detectable during early childhood, which could inform adjunctive treatment modules that improve outcomes by precisely tracking and targeting subtle communication patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":36218,"journal":{"name":"Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology","volume":" ","pages":"1565-1576"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11461678/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141318557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Similarities and Differences in the Architecture of Cognitive Vulnerability to Depressive Symptoms in Black and White American Adolescents: A Network Analysis Study. 美国黑人和白人青少年抑郁症状认知易感性结构的异同:网络分析研究。
IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-08 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01218-5
Patrick Pössel, Hayley D Seely, Igor Marchetti

The hopelessness theory, Beck's cognitive theory, and the response styles theory dominate our understanding and the treatment of depression in adolescents. However, research supporting them is largely based on White individuals. Further, the associations between stressors, cognitive vulnerabilities, and depressive symptoms in Black adolescents are not as one would expect based on the predictions from those theories. Both raise the question of if and to what degree these theories and previous findings can be generalized to Black adolescents. Additionally, without a theoretical basis, clinicians regularly use interventions developed based on one theory to influence vulnerabilities described in another theory. Thus, the purpose of our study was to examine the structure of an integrated cognitive stress-vulnerability model as well as the strengths of associations between stressors, cognitive vulnerabilities, and depressive symptoms in Black and White adolescents. In our study, 295 Black (37% female) and 213 White (49% female) ninth-grade students from a public high school participated. Network analyses demonstrated that the three original cognitive theories of depression can and should be integrated and that each variable we examined is comparably relevant for Black and White adolescents. At the same time, the structure of the two integrated networks differed significantly among Black and White adolescents, exhibiting specific distinctions at four edge levels. Furthermore, the predictability of the network is notably lower for Black adolescents than for White adolescents. Important theoretical and clinical implications can be derived.

绝望理论、贝克认知理论和反应风格理论主导着我们对青少年抑郁症的理解和治疗。然而,支持这些理论的研究主要基于白人。此外,根据这些理论的预测,黑人青少年的压力源、认知脆弱性和抑郁症状之间的关联并不像人们预期的那样。这两点都提出了一个问题,即这些理论和以前的研究结果是否以及在多大程度上可以推广到黑人青少年身上。此外,在没有理论基础的情况下,临床医生经常使用基于一种理论制定的干预措施来影响另一种理论所描述的脆弱性。因此,我们研究的目的是检验黑人和白人青少年的综合认知压力-脆弱性模型的结构,以及压力源、认知脆弱性和抑郁症状之间的关联强度。在我们的研究中,有 295 名黑人(37% 为女性)和 213 名白人(49% 为女性)公立高中九年级学生参加。网络分析表明,抑郁症的三种原始认知理论可以而且应该被整合在一起,而且我们研究的每个变量对于黑人和白人青少年来说都具有可比性。同时,黑人和白人青少年在两个整合网络的结构上存在显著差异,在四个边缘层次上表现出特定的区别。此外,黑人青少年网络的可预测性明显低于白人青少年。由此可以得出重要的理论和临床意义。
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引用次数: 0
The Perniciousness and Promise of School-Based Mental Health Service Delivery for Youth. 为青少年提供校本心理健康服务的危险性和前景。
IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01253-2
Christopher A Kearney

Rates of child and adolescent mental disorder have risen sharply while access to community-based mental health care options continues to be elusive for many families. Substantial and persistent barriers to community-based mental health care have prompted multiple stakeholders to pursue an approach that emphasizes health promotion and intervention practices within the context of ecologically valid and more accessible environments. The most prominent of these environments has been schools that can serve as local and centralized access points to various services, including mental health care. The rapid expansion of school-based mental health service delivery systems, however, carries both risk of perniciousness as well as significant promise with respect to effective and equitable care. This article summarizes key concerns surrounding school-based mental health service delivery systems, including non-beneficence and harm, support disparities, unsustainable implementation, oppressive school climate, and linkage to punitive and discriminatory practices. Broad-based recommendations to help realize the promise of effective and equitable care for students with mental health and behavioral challenges are also presented vis-à-vis each of these concerns. At the same time, natural tensions between various mandates assigned to schools as well as between schools and their surrounding communities will need to be addressed to reach the full potential of school-based mental health service delivery systems.

儿童和青少年精神障碍的发病率急剧上升,而对于许多家庭来说,获得社区心理保健服务的机会仍然遥不可及。以社区为基础的心理健康护理所面临的巨大而持久的障碍,促使多方利益相关者寻求一种方法,强调在生态有效和更容易获得的环境中促进健康和采取干预措施。这些环境中最突出的就是学校,它可以作为各种服务(包括心理保健)的本地和集中接入点。然而,以学校为基础的心理健康服务体系的迅速扩张,既带来了有害的风险,也给有效和公平的治疗带来了巨大的希望。本文总结了围绕校本心理健康服务体系的主要问题,包括非公益性和危害性、支持差异、不可持续的实施、压迫性的校园氛围,以及与惩罚性和歧视性做法的联系。针对这些问题,我们还提出了广泛的建议,以帮助实现对有心理健康和行为问题的学生进行有效和公平的照顾。同时,为了充分发挥校本心理健康服务体系的潜力,还需要解决学校所承担的各种任务之间以及学校与周边社区之间的自然矛盾。
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引用次数: 0
Development of Comorbid Alcohol Use and Depressive Symptoms During Late Adolescence: Examining the Roles of Emotion Regulation and Gender Differences. 青少年晚期合并酗酒和抑郁症状的发展:研究情绪调节和性别差异的作用
IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01251-4
R D Risbud, A E Guyer, R W Robins, P D Hastings

Depression and alcohol use are highly comorbid, and often emerge during adolescence. Depressive symptoms may precede alcohol use, via the self-medication pathway, or alcohol use may precede depressive symptoms, via the alcohol induced disruption pathway. Yet little is known about other risks for developing comorbidity via either path. The present study hypothesized that poor cognitive and physiological emotion regulation (ER) are risk factors implicated in the development of comorbid depression and alcohol use during late adolescence. Participants were 229 (113 girls) Mexican-origin youth who reported on depressive symptoms and alcohol use at ages 17 (Time 1) and 19 years (Time 2). At age 17, cognitive reappraisal (CR), an adaptive ER strategy, and baseline respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), a physiological index of ER capacity, were assessed. CR, RSA and gender were examined as predictors and moderators of the developing comorbidity of alcohol use and depression in cross-lagged panel models. Lower use of CR was concurrently associated with more depressive symptoms at age 17 and predicted greater depression at age 19. Age 17 alcohol use predicted age 19 depressive symptoms for boys. Lower RSA at age 17 also predicted more depressive symptoms at age 19 for boys. Neither CR nor RSA moderated the predicted relations between depression and alcohol use. Findings supported the alcohol induced disruption model of comorbidity for boys, and showed that poor cognitive and physiological ER increased risk for exacerbating depressive symptoms in late adolescence.

抑郁和酗酒是高度并发症,通常在青春期就会出现。抑郁症状可能通过自我治疗途径先于饮酒出现,或者通过酒精诱发的干扰途径先于抑郁症状出现。然而,人们对通过这两种途径产生合并症的其他风险知之甚少。本研究假设,认知和生理情绪调节能力差(ER)是青春期后期抑郁和酗酒并发症发生的风险因素。229 名墨西哥裔青少年(113 名女生)在 17 岁(时间 1)和 19 岁(时间 2)时报告了抑郁症状和饮酒情况。对 17 岁时的认知再评价(CR)(一种适应性应急策略)和基线呼吸窦性心律失常(RSA)(应急能力的生理指标)进行了评估。在交叉滞后的面板模型中,CR、RSA 和性别被视为酗酒和抑郁并发症的预测因子和调节因子。较低的 CR 使用量与 17 岁时较多的抑郁症状同时相关,并预示着 19 岁时较多的抑郁症状。对于男孩来说,17 岁时酗酒可预测 19 岁时的抑郁症状。17 岁时较低的 RSA 也预示着男孩在 19 岁时会出现更多的抑郁症状。CR 和 RSA 都不能调节抑郁与饮酒之间的预测关系。研究结果支持酒精诱发男孩合并症的干扰模型,并表明认知和生理ER不良会增加青春期后期抑郁症状加重的风险。
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引用次数: 0
The Influence of Temperament, Theory of Mind, Inhibitory Control, and Prosocial Behavior on Child Anxiety Symptoms in the First Five Years of Life. 气质、心智理论、抑制控制和亲社会行为对儿童出生后前五年焦虑症状的影响。
IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01250-5
Viviane Valdes, Linda W Craighead, Charles A Nelson, Michelle Bosquet Enlow

Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent of all mental health disorders, often originating in early childhood and extending into later childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Determining salient risk factors that precede their development is important for prevention and intervention efforts. Towards this end, we examined the role of temperament, theory of mind, inhibitory control, and prosocial behavior on child anxiety symptoms in the first 5 years of life. A community sample of children and their parents (N = 399) enrolled in a longitudinal study of emotion processing were assessed when the children were infants and at ages 2 years, 3 years, and 5 years. Linear mixed models and linear regression models revealed that greater anxiety at 5 years was associated with greater negative affectivity and behavioral inhibition, lower effortful control, lower theory of mind scores on the "desires" domain, and higher scores on the "intentions" domain (assessed from infancy to 3 years of age). These characteristics may be useful to assess in clinical settings to evaluate a patient's risk for developing anxiety. They may also be useful in developing interventions targeting specific vulnerabilities.

焦虑症是所有精神疾病中发病率最高的一种,通常起源于儿童早期,并一直延续到儿童后期、青春期和成年期。确定焦虑症发病前的显著风险因素对于预防和干预工作非常重要。为此,我们研究了气质、心智理论、抑制控制和亲社会行为对儿童出生后前五年焦虑症状的影响。我们对参加情绪处理纵向研究的儿童及其父母(399 人)进行了社区抽样调查,调查对象包括婴幼儿、2 岁、3 岁和 5 岁的儿童及其父母。线性混合模型和线性回归模型显示,5 岁时的焦虑程度越高,其负面情绪和行为抑制越强,努力控制能力越低,"欲望 "领域的心智理论得分越低,而 "意图 "领域的得分越高(从婴儿期到 3 岁的评估)。这些特征可能有助于在临床环境中评估病人患焦虑症的风险。这些特征还可能有助于制定针对特定脆弱性的干预措施。
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引用次数: 0
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Subsequent Trauma Exposure: The Mediating Role of Deviant Peer Affiliation. 注意缺陷/多动障碍与随后的创伤暴露:异常同伴关系的中介作用》(Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Subsequent Trauma Exposure: The Mediating Role of Deviant Peer Affiliation.
IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01244-3
Logan M Tufty, Sungha Kang, Nicholas S Ialongo, Michael C Meinzer

Individuals with ADHD symptoms are at an increased risk of lifetime trauma exposure. However, research has yet to fully examine whether symptoms of ADHD function as a temporal risk factor for experiencing trauma and specific mechanisms that may explain the association between symptoms of ADHD and trauma exposure. Two constructs that may account for the relation between ADHD symptoms and trauma are deviant peer association and neighborhood disadvantage. The present study sought to 1) elucidate the temporal nature of ADHD symptoms and exposure to trauma and 2) examine whether peer deviancy and/or neighborhood disadvantage mediate the relation between childhood ADHD symptoms and subsequent trauma exposure across a 20-year longitudinal cohort study. Participants (N = 616) were predominantly Black/African American (86%; Male n = 389) from an urban school district. Using structural equation modeling, total trauma exposures during young adulthood (Years 17-20) were regressed on parent- and teacher-rated ADHD symptoms in Grade 1 (Year 1). A significant indirect path from ADHD symptoms to trauma exposure through deviant peer affiliation (Year 16) indicated that having childhood ADHD symptoms predicted deviant peer affiliation 16 years later, which in turn predicted greater exposures to traumatic events during young adulthood, controlling for neighborhood disadvantage. Neighborhood disadvantage was not a significant mediator when accounting for peer deviancy. Taken together, findings contribute to a limited body of research that utilizes a prospective design to examine the association between childhood ADHD symptoms and trauma exposure in young adulthood among Black/African American youth. Potential targets for intervention are proposed.

有多动症症状的人终生遭受创伤的风险会增加。然而,目前的研究还没有充分探讨多动症症状是否会成为遭受创伤的时间性风险因素,以及解释多动症症状与遭受创伤之间关系的具体机制。可能解释多动症症状与创伤之间关系的两个因素是不正常的同伴关系和邻里劣势。本研究旨在:1)阐明多动症症状和遭受创伤的时间性;2)在一项长达 20 年的纵向队列研究中,考察同伴偏差和/或邻里劣势是否能调节儿童多动症症状与随后遭受创伤之间的关系。参与者(N = 616)主要为黑人/非裔美国人(86%;男性 n = 389),来自一个城市学区。通过结构方程建模法,将青少年时期(17-20 岁)所遭受的全部创伤与一年级(1 年级)由家长和教师评定的多动症状进行回归。多动症症状通过偏差同伴关系(16 年级)与精神创伤暴露之间存在一条重要的间接路径,表明儿童时期的多动症症状预示着 16 年后的偏差同伴关系,而偏差同伴关系反过来又预示着成年后更多地暴露于精神创伤事件中,这与邻里劣势是一致的。在考虑同伴偏差的情况下,邻里劣势并不是一个重要的中介因素。综上所述,研究结果为利用前瞻性设计来研究美国黑人/非洲裔青少年童年多动症症状与成年后所受创伤之间关系的有限研究成果做出了贡献。研究还提出了潜在的干预目标。
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Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology
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