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Parental Emotion Socialization of Sadness as a Correlate for Clinical Improvement: A Longitudinal Study of Adolescents with a Range of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury. 父母对悲伤情绪的社会化与临床改善的相关性:对有各种非自杀性自伤行为的青少年进行的纵向研究》。
IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01236-3
Aurora E Green, Michaelle E DiMaggio-Potter, Jessica Butts, Katherine A Carosella, Kristina M Reigstad, Lynn E Eberly, Kathryn R Cullen, Bonnie Klimes-Dougan

Engagement in nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) often begins in adolescence, and commonly occurs when a person is emotionally dysregulated. Parental emotion socialization (ES) plays a key role in shaping children's emotional expression, experience, and regulation. Longitudinal work is needed to understand how links between parental ES and adolescent clinical outcomes unfold over time. In this longitudinal study (N = 118; all assigned female at birth with a range of NSSI - from none to severe; age 12-17 years, Mage = 14.98 at the first assessment), for the Time 1 (T1) and Time 2 (T2) annual assessments; adolescents reported NSSI and adolescents and parents reported depressive symptoms. Parents (primarily mothers) reported on their supportive and unsupportive ES responses to youth expressions of sadness, anger, and happiness. We examined (1) concurrent relationships across time points, (2) longitudinal models (T1 to T2 change in parental ES and its associated T1 to T2 changes in adolescent clinical outcomes), and (3) prediction models (T1 parental ES predicting changes in adolescent clinical outcomes). Concurrent associations between parental supportive ES responses to sadness and anger were inversely related to adolescent's depressive symptoms and NSSI episodes. Longitudinal analyses showed that increases in unsupportive responses to sadness correspond with increases in depressive symptoms from T1 to T2. The findings underscore the importance of examining how parents respond to their children's emotions. Next steps are to investigate potential mechanisms of risk and consider interventions that enhance adaptive responses of parents to adolescents embroiled in negative emotional states.

非自杀性自残(NSSI)通常始于青春期,通常发生在一个人情绪失调的时候。父母的情绪社会化(ES)在塑造儿童的情绪表达、体验和调节方面起着关键作用。要了解父母情绪社会化与青少年临床结果之间的联系是如何随着时间的推移而发展的,还需要进行纵向研究。在这项纵向研究中(N = 118;出生时均为女性,NSSI 范围从无到严重;年龄 12-17 岁,首次评估时 Mage = 14.98),在时间 1(T1)和时间 2(T2)的年度评估中,青少年报告了 NSSI,青少年和父母报告了抑郁症状。父母(主要是母亲)报告了他们对青少年表达悲伤、愤怒和快乐的支持性和非支持性 ES 反应。我们研究了(1)各时间点的并发关系;(2)纵向模型(父母ES的T1至T2变化及其相关的青少年临床结果的T1至T2变化);以及(3)预测模型(T1父母ES预测青少年临床结果的变化)。父母对悲伤和愤怒的支持性ES反应与青少年的抑郁症状和NSSI发作成反比。纵向分析表明,从T1到T2,对悲伤的不支持性反应的增加与抑郁症状的增加相对应。这些发现强调了研究父母如何应对子女情绪的重要性。下一步工作是研究潜在的风险机制,并考虑采取干预措施,增强父母对陷入负面情绪状态的青少年的适应性反应。
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引用次数: 0
Adolescent Emotional Reactivity in Family and School Contexts: Prospective Links to Adolescent Psychopathology. 青少年在家庭和学校环境中的情绪反应:青少年在家庭和学校环境中的情绪反应:与青少年心理病理学的前瞻性联系》。
IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01241-6
Shou-Chun Chiang, Sunhye Bai

Emotional reactivity has been linked to adolescent psychopathology and mental health problems. However, limited research has investigated the distinct associations between emotional reactivity in multiple interpersonal contexts and the development of adolescent psychopathology. The current study examined emotional reactivity to interparental conflict, parent-adolescent conflict, and school problems as predictors of adolescent internalizing problems, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms six months later. The sample included 139 adolescents (54% girls; Mage = 13.30, SDage = 0.73) and their parents who completed 10-day daily reports and 6-month follow-up assessments in Taiwan. Results showed that negative emotional reactivity to interparental conflict was associated with increased internalizing problems, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms, after controlling for emotional reactivity to parent-adolescent conflict and school problems, outcomes at baseline, mean negative emotions, and sex. Furthermore, the associations between both positive and negative emotional reactivity to interparental conflict and adolescent anxiety symptoms was stronger for girls than boys. Findings suggested that heightened emotional reactivity to interparental conflict is a risk factor for predicting adolescent psychopathology, especially for girls' anxiety symptoms. Results highlight the importance of emotional reactivity across multiple interpersonal contexts in adolescence.

情绪反应与青少年心理病理学和心理健康问题有关。然而,对多种人际关系背景下的情绪反应性与青少年心理病理学发展之间不同关联的研究却很有限。本研究探讨了父母间冲突、父母与青少年间冲突以及学校问题的情绪反应性对六个月后青少年内化问题、抑郁症状和焦虑症状的预测作用。样本包括139名青少年(54%为女生;平均年龄=13.30岁,平均年龄差值=0.73岁)及其父母,他们在台湾完成了10天的每日报告和6个月的跟踪评估。结果显示,在控制了对父母与青少年冲突和学校问题的情绪反应、基线结果、平均消极情绪和性别之后,对父母间冲突的消极情绪反应与内化问题、抑郁症状和焦虑症状的增加有关。此外,女孩对父母间冲突的积极和消极情绪反应与青少年焦虑症状之间的联系比男孩更强。研究结果表明,对父母间冲突的高情绪反应性是预测青少年心理病理学的一个风险因素,尤其是对女孩的焦虑症状而言。研究结果凸显了情绪反应在青春期多种人际环境中的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Maternal Perceptions and Responsiveness to Cry in Armed Conflict Zones: Links to Child Behavior Problems. 武装冲突地区母亲对哭声的看法和反应:与儿童行为问题的联系。
IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01207-8
Kinneret Levavi, Tal Yatziv, Porat Yakov, Alison Pike, Kirby Deater-Deckard, Amnon Hadar, Guy Bar, Miron Froimovici, Naama Atzaba-Poria

Crying is a typical infant behavior that activates parental caregiving behaviors, acting as "human alarms" important for the infant's survival. When living under war-related threat, the auditory system may be sensitized given its importance for survival, potentially impacting maternal cry processing. Children living in armed-conflict zones are at increased risk for behavior problems, which may relate to both direct exposure and indirect effects through their parents' perceptions and behaviors. This hypothesis was examined in a sample of mothers and their first-born children (aged 10-45 months) living in the Gaza vicinity area in Israel, chronically exposed to missile alarms (high-exposure; n = 45), and a comparison group (low-exposure; n = 86). Group differences in child behavior problems and maternal perceptions of and responsiveness to cry were investigated. A moderated indirect-effect of maternal cry perceptions on child behavior problems via maternal responsiveness to cry was examined. In the high-exposure group, children had more externalizing problems and mothers rated cries as more aversive. Maternal cry perception was indirectly related to child behavior problems via responsiveness to cry only in the high-exposure group: higher perceptions of cry as aversive or the child as distressed were related to faster responding to crying, and faster cry responsiveness was linked with fewer behavior problems. Results suggest that in armed-conflict zones with auditory warning signals, the parental caring system may be easily activated by cries due to the strong association between alarms and threat. Furthermore, children may need their mothers to react faster when feeling distressed, possibly because of the surrounding threat.

啼哭是一种典型的婴儿行为,它能激活父母的照顾行为,成为对婴儿生存十分重要的 "人类警报"。当生活在与战争相关的威胁下时,听觉系统可能会因为其对生存的重要性而变得敏感,从而可能影响到母亲对哭声的处理。生活在武装冲突地区的儿童出现行为问题的风险增加,这可能与直接接触有关,也可能与父母的观念和行为的间接影响有关。研究人员对生活在以色列加沙附近地区、长期暴露于导弹警报(高暴露;n = 45)的母亲及其头胎子女(10-45 个月大)和对比组(低暴露;n = 86)进行了抽样调查。研究调查了儿童行为问题的组间差异以及母亲对哭声的感知和反应。研究还考察了母亲的哭声感知通过母亲对哭声的反应对儿童行为问题的间接影响。在高暴露组中,儿童有更多的外部化问题,而母亲则将哭声评为更具厌恶性。只有在高暴露组中,母亲的哭声感知才会通过对哭声的反应与儿童行为问题间接相关:认为哭声具有厌恶性或儿童感到痛苦的感知越高,对哭声的反应就越快,而对哭声的反应越快,行为问题就越少。研究结果表明,在有听觉警告信号的武装冲突地区,由于警报与威胁之间的紧密联系,父母的关爱系统很容易被哭声激活。此外,儿童在感到痛苦时可能需要母亲做出更快的反应,这可能与周围的威胁有关。
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引用次数: 0
Correction to: Parental Meta-Emotion Philosophy and Emotion Coaching in Families of Children and Adolescents with an Anxiety Disorder. 更正:焦虑症儿童和青少年家庭中的父母元情绪哲学和情绪辅导。
IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01197-7
Katherine E Hurrell, Frances L Houwing, Jennifer L Hudson
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引用次数: 0
Stepping Together for Children After Trauma (ST-CT): Feasibility and Predictors of Outcome of a Parent-led, Therapist Assisted Treatment. 携手为创伤后儿童服务(ST-CT):家长主导、治疗师辅助的治疗方法的可行性和结果预测。
IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-13 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01199-5
Silje M Ormhaug, Ingeborg Skjærvø, Gunvor M Dyrdal, Else Merete Fagermoen, Kristin J Haabrekke, Tine K Jensen, Marie L Knutsen, Anders Næss, Heidi Maria Päivärinne, Marianne Martinsen

Stepping Together for Children after Trauma (ST-CT) is the first step of the promising intervention Stepped Care CBT for Children after Trauma. In ST-CT, the task of leading treatment is partially shifted to the parents, and the child and parent work together to complete therapeutic tasks from a workbook with therapist supervision. We aimed to investigate the feasibility of ST-CT in Norwegian first line services and explore child factors predicting outcome. Eighty-two children (mean age 9.9 years, 56% girls) participated. Feasibility was defined by treatment completion, reductions of child posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) mid- and post-treatment, and client treatment satisfaction. Predictors included child baseline PTSS, depressive symptoms, posttraumatic cognitions, externalizing symptoms, number of different traumatic events, and type of trauma. Results showed that rates of completion (78.0%) and response (81% of completers/59.8% intention-to-treat) were comparable to previous studies by the ST-CT developer. Overall treatment effect was d = 2.46 and client treatment satisfaction was high (mean score child: 8.3, parent: 9.0, on a scale from 0 - 10). Higher baseline PTSS and depressive symptoms predicted poorer outcome at both mid- and post-treatment, while more posttraumatic cognitions, and exposure to interpersonal trauma predicted poorer outcome at mid-treatment only. These associations were no longer significant in the fully adjusted models. In conclusion, ST-CT shows promise as an effective first line treatment in this new context, with two of three children responding to the treatment. Baseline PTSS, depression, post-traumatic cognitions and type of trauma may be related to outcomes and should be explored further. (Trial registration:  ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04073862. Retrospectively registered June 3rd 2019, first patient recruited May 19th 2019).

创伤后儿童共同迈步疗法(ST-CT)是前景看好的创伤后儿童阶梯式 CBT 干预疗法的第一步。在ST-CT中,引导治疗的任务部分转移给了家长,儿童和家长在治疗师的指导下共同完成工作手册中的治疗任务。我们的目的是调查 ST-CT 在挪威一线服务机构的可行性,并探索预测治疗结果的儿童因素。82名儿童(平均年龄9.9岁,56%为女孩)参加了此次研究。根据治疗完成情况、治疗中期和后期儿童创伤后应激症状(PTSS)的减少情况以及客户对治疗的满意度来定义可行性。预测因素包括儿童基线 PTSS、抑郁症状、创伤后认知、外化症状、不同创伤事件的数量以及创伤类型。结果显示,完成率(78.0%)和反应率(81% 的完成者/59.8% 的意向治疗者)与 ST-CT 开发者之前的研究结果相当。总体治疗效果为 d = 2.46,客户对治疗的满意度很高(平均分儿童:8.3,家长:9.0,评分范围为 0 - 10)。较高的基线 PTSS 和抑郁症状预示着治疗中期和后期的疗效较差,而较多的创伤后认知和人际创伤暴露则仅预示着治疗中期的疗效较差。这些关联在完全调整模型中不再显著。总之,ST-CT 在这种新情况下有望成为一种有效的一线治疗方法,三名儿童中有两名对治疗做出了反应。基线PTSS、抑郁、创伤后认知和创伤类型可能与治疗结果有关,应进一步探讨。(试验注册: 试验注册:ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT04073862。2019年6月3日追溯注册,2019年5月19日招募首例患者)。
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引用次数: 0
Young Children of Mothers with a History of Depression Show Attention Bias to Sad Faces: An Eye-tracking Study. 有抑郁史母亲的幼儿对悲伤面孔表现出注意偏差:眼动追踪研究
IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01205-w
Xiaoxue Fu, Scout H Bolton, Michele Morningstar, Whitney I Mattson, Xin Feng, Eric E Nelson

Maternal depression is a predictor of the emergence of depression in the offspring. Attention bias (AB) to negative emotional stimuli in children may serve as a risk factor for children of depressed parents. The present study aimed to examine the effect of maternal major depressive disorder (MDD) history on AB to emotional faces in children at age four, before the age of onset for full-blown psychiatric symptoms. The study also compared AB patterns between mothers and their offspring. Fifty-eight mothers and their four-year-old children participated in this study, of which 27 high-risk (HR) children had mothers with MDD during their children's lifetime. Attention to emotional faces was measured in both children and their mothers using an eye-tracking visual search task. HR children exhibited faster detection and longer dwell time toward the sad than happy target faces. The low-risk (LR) children also displayed a sad bias but to a lesser degree. Children across both groups showed AB towards angry target faces, likely reflecting a normative AB pattern. Our findings indicate that AB to sad faces may serve as an early marker of depression risk. However, we provided limited support for the mother-child association of AB. Future research is needed to examine the longitudinal intergenerational transmission of AB related to depression and possible mechanisms underlying the emergence of AB in offspring of depressed parents.

母亲抑郁是后代出现抑郁的预测因素。儿童对负面情绪刺激的注意偏差(AB)可能是父母患有抑郁症的儿童的一个风险因素。本研究旨在探讨母亲重度抑郁症(MDD)病史对四岁儿童情绪面孔注意力偏差的影响,四岁儿童还未出现全面的精神症状。研究还比较了母亲与子女之间的 AB 模式。58位母亲和她们四岁的孩子参与了这项研究,其中27名高风险(HR)儿童的母亲在其子女的一生中患有精神分裂症。研究人员使用眼动跟踪视觉搜索任务测量了儿童及其母亲对情绪面孔的注意力。与快乐目标面孔相比,HR 儿童对悲伤目标面孔的检测速度更快,停留时间更长。低风险(LR)儿童也表现出悲伤偏向,但程度较轻。两组儿童都对愤怒的目标面孔表现出 AB,这可能反映了正常的 AB 模式。我们的研究结果表明,对悲伤面孔的 AB 可作为抑郁风险的早期标记。然而,我们对母子AB关联的支持有限。未来的研究需要考察与抑郁症相关的AB型行为的纵向代际传递,以及抑郁症父母的后代出现AB型行为的可能机制。
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引用次数: 0
Momentary Dynamics Implicate Emotional Features in the ADHD Phenotype. 瞬时动态暗示了多动症表型中的情绪特征。
IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-21 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01206-9
Sarah L Karalunas, Jason Dude, McKenzie Figuracion, Sean P Lane

Emotional dysregulation is increasingly recognized as important to the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) phenotype alongside inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity. Studies of ADHD have relied primarily on trait-based conceptualizations that emphasize stability of symptoms across moderate developmental timescales (i.e., months to years). Trait-based conceptualizations provide a critical view but fail to account for short-term dynamic variations in the expression of ADHD symptoms and emotion. This leaves a gap in our understanding of the short-term variation in ADHD symptom expression and the dynamic relationships among ADHD symptoms and emotion. Here, we assessed caregiver report of ADHD symptoms and positive and negative emotion using ecological momentary approaches over 2 weeks in a sample of 36 children with and without ADHD between the ages of 7-12 years old. Between-person (RKF) and within-person (RC) reliability were estimated. Multilevel models tested specific covariation hypotheses between ADHD symptoms and emotion. Analyses confirmed that ADHD and emotion ratings were reliable as individual differences (i.e., between-person; RKF range 0.93-1.0) and moment-to-moment change (i.e., within-person; Rc range 0.66-0.88) measures. Multilevel models found little evidence for lagged effects between domains, but consistently identified concurrent expression of ADHD symptoms and emotions; inattention covaried most strongly with negative emotion and hyperactivity-impulsivity covaried most strongly with positive emotion. Results demonstrate the importance of complementing trait-level conceptualizations with assessment of momentary dynamics. Momentary assessment suggests important covariation of ADHD symptoms and emotion as part of the ADHD phenotype.

人们越来越认识到,情绪失调与注意力不集中和多动冲动一样,都是注意力缺陷/多动障碍(ADHD)的重要表型。对多动症的研究主要依赖于基于特质的概念,这种概念强调症状在中等发育时间尺度(即数月至数年)内的稳定性。基于特质的概念提供了一个重要的视角,但却无法解释多动症症状和情绪表达的短期动态变化。这使我们对多动症症状表现的短期变化以及多动症症状和情绪之间的动态关系的理解存在空白。在此,我们以 36 名 7-12 岁患有多动症和未患有多动症的儿童为样本,采用生态学瞬间法对照顾者报告的多动症症状以及积极和消极情绪进行了为期两周的评估。估计了人与人之间(RKF)和人与人之间(RC)的可靠性。多层次模型检验了多动症症状与情绪之间的特定共变假设。分析证实,多动症和情绪评分作为个体差异(即人与人之间;RKF 范围为 0.93-1.0)和瞬间变化(即人与人之间;Rc 范围为 0.66-0.88)测量指标是可靠的。多层次模型几乎没有发现各领域之间存在滞后效应的证据,但却一致发现了多动症症状和情绪的并发表现;注意力不集中与消极情绪的协变量最大,多动-冲动与积极情绪的协变量最大。研究结果表明,通过评估瞬间动态来补充特质层面的概念非常重要。瞬间评估表明,作为ADHD表型的一部分,ADHD症状与情绪之间存在着重要的共变关系。
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引用次数: 0
ADHD Symptoms in Childhood and Big Five Personality Traits in Adolescence: A Five-Year Longitudinal Study in Girls. 儿童时期的多动症症状与青少年时期的五大人格特质:一项为期五年的女孩纵向研究。
IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-29 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01204-x
Laura J Bell, Oliver P John, Stephen P Hinshaw

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood-onset neurodevelopmental condition characterized by developmentally extreme and impairing symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity. Great interest has emerged in the ways ADHD and its underlying symptom dimensions relate to the development of personality traits. Much extant research on this topic is cross-sectional, relying on self-report measures and male samples. Herein, we present data from a prospective, longitudinal study of a socioeconomically and racially diverse sample of girls, including those with ADHD and a matched neurotypical comparison sample. We examined how parent- and teacher-reported ADHD in middle childhood relate to self-reported Big Five personality traits in adolescence. As expected, childhood ADHD diagnosis prospectively predicted lower self-reported Conscientiousness, lower Agreeableness, and higher Neuroticism in adolescence. With ADHD diagnosis covaried, Inattention (IA) predicted only low Conscientiousness, Hyperactivity/Impulsivity (HI) predicted only low Agreeableness, and neither predicted adolescent Neuroticism. An exploratory moderator analysis showed that family income moderated the effects of IA and HI on the negativity of adolescent self-descriptions of their own personalities, with more pronounced negative effects for girls in families with higher (rather than lower) income. Familial pressures to achieve in higher-income families may be linked to more pronounced negative ramifications of ADHD on personality development.

注意力缺陷/多动障碍(ADHD)是一种儿童期发病的神经发育性疾病,其特点是注意力不集中和/或多动/冲动等发育极端和损害性症状。人们对注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)及其潜在症状与人格特质发展的关系产生了浓厚的兴趣。关于这一主题的现有研究大多是横断面研究,依赖于自我报告测量和男性样本。在此,我们展示了一项前瞻性纵向研究的数据,研究对象是社会经济和种族多元化的女孩样本,包括患有多动症的女孩和与之匹配的神经典型对比样本。我们研究了家长和教师报告的儿童期多动症与青春期自我报告的五大人格特质之间的关系。不出所料,儿童期多动症诊断可预测青春期自我报告的较低自觉性、较低宜人性和较高神经质。与多动症诊断相关联的是,注意力不集中(IA)只能预测较低的自觉性,多动/冲动(HI)只能预测较低的合群性,而两者都不能预测青少年时期的神经质。一项探索性调节分析表明,家庭收入调节了IA和HI对青少年自我性格描述消极性的影响,对收入较高(而非较低)家庭的女孩的消极影响更为明显。在高收入家庭中,家庭的成就压力可能与多动症对人格发展的负面影响更为明显有关。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of Stimulant Medication on the Relation Between Working Memory and Activity Level in ADHD. 兴奋剂对多动症患者工作记忆和活动水平之间关系的影响》(The Impact of Stimulant Medication on the Relation Between Working Memory and Activity Level in ADHD)。
IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01210-z
Emily Wiegers, Annie Garner, Morgan Jusko, Jessica N Smith, Mileini Campez, Andrew Greiner, Elizabeth Gnagy, William E Pelham, Joseph Raiker

There is a positive association between heightened activity levels and improved working memory performance (WM) in individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Recent research suggests that stimulant medications may have a simultaneous positive impact on WM and motor skills. Yet, it is unclear the specific connection between movement, WM, and stimulant use. We examined how visuospatial (VS) and phonological (PH) WM performance varied with children's stimulant medication usage and naturally occurring activity level. In a repeated measures design, children with ADHD (n = 43; 7-12 years old) completed WM tasks while wearing actigraphy watches to monitor activity level on and off stimulant medication. Significant large sized main effects were observed for medication condition on PH (p < .05, ηp2 = .14) and VS (p < .001, ηp2 = .30) WM. Activity level also had significant medium sized main effects on PH (p < .01, ηp2 = .09) and VS (p < .005, ηp2 = .10) WM. There was a significant medium sized interaction for VS WM (p < .005, ηp2 = .11), indicating that the effect of medication on performance was greatest in the highest activity level category. The findings suggest that a combination of stimulant medication and an "optimal" level of movement may be most effective for improving VS WM.

注意力缺陷/多动障碍(ADHD)患者活动水平的提高与工作记忆能力(WM)的改善之间存在正相关。最新研究表明,兴奋剂药物可能同时对工作记忆和运动技能产生积极影响。然而,运动、WM 和兴奋剂使用之间的具体联系尚不清楚。我们研究了视觉空间(VS)和语音(PH)WM 表现如何随儿童兴奋剂使用情况和自然活动水平而变化。在一项重复测量设计中,患有多动症的儿童(n = 43;7-12 岁)在完成 WM 任务的同时,佩戴行动计手表以监测服用和停用兴奋剂时的活动水平。观察发现,用药条件对PH(p p2 = .14)和VS(p p2 = .30)WM有显著的大型主效应。活动水平对 PH (p p2 = .09) 和 VS (p p2 = .10) WM 也有显著的中等主效应。VS WM 存在明显的中度交互作用(p p2 = .11),表明药物对最高活动水平类别的成绩影响最大。研究结果表明,将兴奋剂药物与 "最佳 "运动水平相结合,可能对改善 VS WM 最有效。
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引用次数: 0
Behavioral Inhibition and Social Anxiety Disorder as Predictors of Long-Term Outcomes of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Youth Anxiety Disorders. 行为抑制和社交焦虑症是青少年焦虑症认知行为疗法长期疗效的预测因素。
IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01215-8
Toril Skumsnes, Krister W Fjermestad, Gro Janne Wergeland, Marianne Aalberg, Einar R Heiervang, Arne Kodal, Jo Magne Ingul

The temperamental trait behavioral inhibition (BI) is related to the development and maintenance of anxiety, particularly much so to social anxiety disorder. We investigated if BI and social anxiety disorder predicted cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) outcomes for youth anxiety. Youth (N = 179; Mage = 11.6 years) were assessed 4 years following a randomized controlled CBT effectiveness trial. BI was measured by the parent-reported Behavioral Inhibition Questionnaire at baseline. The outcomes were diagnostic recovery, youth- and parent-reported anxiety symptoms, and clinical severity at post-treatment, 1-year, and 4-year follow-up. Having social anxiety disorder negatively predicted diagnostic recovery and predicted higher clinical severity at all assessment points and was the only significant predictor of outcomes at 4-year follow-up. Higher BI negatively predicted diagnostic recovery and predicted higher clinical severity and parent-reported symptom levels at post-treatment and 1-year follow-up, and predicted higher youth-reported anxiety levels at 1-year follow-up. Higher BI was the only predictor of youth- and parent-reported anxiety symptoms. BI and social anxiety disorder seem to be unique predictors of CBT outcomes among youth with anxiety disorders. CBT adaptations may be indicated for youth with high BI and social anxiety disorder.

气质特征行为抑制(BI)与焦虑的发展和维持有关,尤其是与社交焦虑症有关。我们研究了行为抑制和社交焦虑症是否能预测青少年焦虑症的认知行为疗法(CBT)结果。在随机对照 CBT 有效性试验 4 年后,我们对青少年(人数 = 179;年龄 = 11.6 岁)进行了评估。基线时的行为抑制问卷通过家长报告的行为抑制问卷进行测量。结果包括诊断恢复、青少年和家长报告的焦虑症状以及治疗后、1 年和 4 年随访时的临床严重程度。患有社交焦虑症会对诊断康复产生负面影响,并导致所有评估点的临床严重程度升高,同时也是对 4 年随访结果的唯一显著预测因素。较高的心理健康指数对诊断康复有负面预测作用,对治疗后和 1 年随访时较高的临床严重程度和家长报告的症状水平有负面预测作用,对 1 年随访时较高的青少年报告的焦虑水平有负面预测作用。较高的心理健康指数是青少年和家长报告的焦虑症状的唯一预测因素。BI和社交焦虑症似乎是预测焦虑症青少年CBT疗效的独特因素。CBT疗法可能适用于高BI和社交焦虑症青少年。
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Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology
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