Numerous Miocene terrestrial mammal fossils have been discovered at the Grytsiv locality of Ukraine, but this is the first record of a fossil marine mammal at this site. Morphological analysis of the rostral portion of this middle-late Miocene (12.3–11.8 Ma) partial skull suggests that it belongs to the subfamily Phocinae. The small size and cranial morphology of this partial skull is compared with recent and fossil representatives of the extant subfamily Phocinae and the extinct subfamily Devinophocinae. Extinct and modern representatives of the extant subfamilies Cystophorinae and Monachinae were not incorporated in this study due to their extremely large size in comparison to this new find. This newly described skull belonged to a small-sized seal (likely similar in size to the modern sea otter based on the width of the rostrum) with an extremely short rostrum and several other diagnostic characters that differ from all other fossil and extant phocines. Due to the lack of preservation and fragility of fossil seal skulls, less than 20 have been described so far. This new skull is yet another example of an ancestral seal, supporting the suggestion that modern seals have become larger over their evolutionary history. Overall, any cranial information on fossil true seals is extremely important since it allows resolving contentious phylogenetic relationships between extinct and extant representatives of this group.
{"title":"Unique Short-Faced Miocene Seal Discovered in Grytsiv (Ukraine)","authors":"I. Koretsky, S. Rahmat","doi":"10.15407/ZOO2021.02.143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ZOO2021.02.143","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous Miocene terrestrial mammal fossils have been discovered at the Grytsiv locality of Ukraine, but this is the first record of a fossil marine mammal at this site. Morphological analysis of the rostral portion of this middle-late Miocene (12.3–11.8 Ma) partial skull suggests that it belongs to the subfamily Phocinae. The small size and cranial morphology of this partial skull is compared with recent and fossil representatives of the extant subfamily Phocinae and the extinct subfamily Devinophocinae. Extinct and modern representatives of the extant subfamilies Cystophorinae and Monachinae were not incorporated in this study due to their extremely large size in comparison to this new find. This newly described skull belonged to a small-sized seal (likely similar in size to the modern sea otter based on the width of the rostrum) with an extremely short rostrum and several other diagnostic characters that differ from all other fossil and extant phocines. Due to the lack of preservation and fragility of fossil seal skulls, less than 20 have been described so far. This new skull is yet another example of an ancestral seal, supporting the suggestion that modern seals have become larger over their evolutionary history. Overall, any cranial information on fossil true seals is extremely important since it allows resolving contentious phylogenetic relationships between extinct and extant representatives of this group.","PeriodicalId":36290,"journal":{"name":"Zoodiversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43096286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Distribution pattern, nest-tree characteristics and reproductive features of Black Stork’s population were evaluated in the floodplains of Gornje Podunavlje in Northwestern Serbia over five consecutive years. In total, 44 different nests were discovered and monitored. Nests were mostly placed on wide-diameter European Oaks and White Poplars between 5.5 and 18 m above ground level. Annually, the number of occupied nests varied between 26 and 16 with the declining trend over study years. The mean nesting density was 9.8 ± 2 occupied nests per 100 km2. Through study area, occupied nests were uniformly distributed and very isolated concerning the conspecific pairs. Predominantly, Black Stork preferred to nest on the lateral branches of the autochthonous mature trees with straight trunks and extensive crowns. These results suggest that the existence of old native forest stands represent crucial microhabitat criteria in the choice of the particular nesting site. In almost half of successful nesting cases, the most frequent number of fledglings was three. Overall productivity was relatively low with some variations between years implying poor nesting success.
对塞尔维亚西北部Gornje Podunavlje洪泛区黑鹳种群分布格局、巢树特征和繁殖特征进行了连续5年的研究。总共发现并监测了44个不同的巢穴。巢大多放置在距地面5.5至18米的宽直径欧洲橡树和白杨上。每年，被占领的巢穴数量在26到16之间变化，并且在研究期间呈下降趋势。平均巢密度为每100 km2 9.8±2个。在整个研究区域内，同种蚁对的蚁巢分布均匀且非常孤立。黑鹳主要栖息在树干直、树冠宽的本地成熟树木的侧枝上。这些结果表明，在选择特定筑巢地点时，原始森林林分的存在是重要的微生境标准。在几乎一半的成功筑巢案例中，最常见的雏鸟数量是三只。总体生产力相对较低，年份之间的一些变化意味着筑巢成功率较低。
{"title":"Distribution Pattern, Nest-Tree Features and Breeding Performance of Population of the Black Stork, Ciconia nigra (Ciconiiformes, Ciconiidae), in Northwestern Serbia","authors":"D. Rajković","doi":"10.15407/ZOO2021.02.175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ZOO2021.02.175","url":null,"abstract":"Distribution pattern, nest-tree characteristics and reproductive features of Black Stork’s population were evaluated in the floodplains of Gornje Podunavlje in Northwestern Serbia over five consecutive years. In total, 44 different nests were discovered and monitored. Nests were mostly placed on wide-diameter European Oaks and White Poplars between 5.5 and 18 m above ground level. Annually, the number of occupied nests varied between 26 and 16 with the declining trend over study years. The mean nesting density was 9.8 ± 2 occupied nests per 100 km2. Through study area, occupied nests were uniformly distributed and very isolated concerning the conspecific pairs. Predominantly, Black Stork preferred to nest on the lateral branches of the autochthonous mature trees with straight trunks and extensive crowns. These results suggest that the existence of old native forest stands represent crucial microhabitat criteria in the choice of the particular nesting site. In almost half of successful nesting cases, the most frequent number of fledglings was three. Overall productivity was relatively low with some variations between years implying poor nesting success.","PeriodicalId":36290,"journal":{"name":"Zoodiversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41796319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Borzykh, D. Sigareva, O. Fedorenko, T. Bondar, V. Kornyushin, O. Sokolova, V. G. Karpliuk
Globodera infestation was evaluated in soils of private farm plots in Chernihiv and Kyiv regions of Ukraine in 2017–2018. Soil samples were taken at 88 farms, 15.02 ha in total, in 11 settlements of 6 districts. The nematode abundance in the examined areas was graded as follows: less than 1000 eggs + larvae/100 cm3 — low rate of infestation; 1000–5000 eggs + larvae/100 cm3 — average rate; more than 5000 eggs + larvae/100 cm3 — high rate. 85.4 % of study area is infested with the golden potato cyst nematode. The mean abundance of pest was 3331 (15–23,237) eggs+larvae/100 cm3: including 8730 (91–21,486) eggs+larvae/100 cm3 in Kyiv Region and 1829.6 (15–23,237) eggs+larvae/100 cm3 in Chernihiv Region. The highest number of assessed plots per district (29) was in Koryukivsky District, and the mean abundance of G. rostochiensis (Rо-1) was 1549 (20–15,757) eggs + larvae/100 cm3e+l/100cm3. We also analyzed the results of golden nematode monitoring conducted by the State Service of Ukraine for food safety and consumer protection in 2018. According to those, the golden nematode is found in 18 regions of Ukraine. In most of those (14 regions), the pest infests rather small areas, less than 500 ha. Globodera is not recorded in the other 7 regions of Ukraine and Autonomous Republic of Crimea for now.
{"title":"Current Distribution of Golden Potato Cyst Nematode Globodera rostochiensis (Tylenchida, Heteroderidae) in Ukraine","authors":"O. Borzykh, D. Sigareva, O. Fedorenko, T. Bondar, V. Kornyushin, O. Sokolova, V. G. Karpliuk","doi":"10.15407/zoo2021.02.167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/zoo2021.02.167","url":null,"abstract":"Globodera infestation was evaluated in soils of private farm plots in Chernihiv and Kyiv regions of Ukraine in 2017–2018. Soil samples were taken at 88 farms, 15.02 ha in total, in 11 settlements of 6 districts. The nematode abundance in the examined areas was graded as follows: less than 1000 eggs + larvae/100 cm3 — low rate of infestation; 1000–5000 eggs + larvae/100 cm3 — average rate; more than 5000 eggs + larvae/100 cm3 — high rate. 85.4 % of study area is infested with the golden potato cyst nematode. The mean abundance of pest was 3331 (15–23,237) eggs+larvae/100 cm3: including 8730 (91–21,486) eggs+larvae/100 cm3 in Kyiv Region and 1829.6 (15–23,237) eggs+larvae/100 cm3 in Chernihiv Region. The highest number of assessed plots per district (29) was in Koryukivsky District, and the mean abundance of G. rostochiensis (Rо-1) was 1549 (20–15,757) eggs + larvae/100 cm3e+l/100cm3. We also analyzed the results of golden nematode monitoring conducted by the State Service of Ukraine for food safety and consumer protection in 2018. According to those, the golden nematode is found in 18 regions of Ukraine. In most of those (14 regions), the pest infests rather small areas, less than 500 ha. Globodera is not recorded in the other 7 regions of Ukraine and Autonomous Republic of Crimea for now.","PeriodicalId":36290,"journal":{"name":"Zoodiversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49080825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sinodiaptomus sarsi is found for the second time in Ukraine, in the three artificial lakes of the one of capital Kyiv city`s park, Nyvky, after its first record in the Carpathian Mountain region near Slovakian border in 2016 by Dr. Mykitchak. Our morphological study showed the similarity between the specimens of S. sarsi found in Kyiv with existing illustrations and descriptions of the Asian population of this species. The most likely route of penetration is human intentional release. Some diagnostic details are discussed and short redescription of species is presented in the paper.
{"title":"A New Finding of the Non-Native Copepod Sinodiaptomus sarsi (Copepoda, Calanoida, Diaptomidae) in Ukraine","authors":"L. Svetlichny, L. Samchyshyna","doi":"10.15407/ZOO2021.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ZOO2021.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"Sinodiaptomus sarsi is found for the second time in Ukraine, in the three artificial lakes of the one of capital Kyiv city`s park, Nyvky, after its first record in the Carpathian Mountain region near Slovakian border in 2016 by Dr. Mykitchak. Our morphological study showed the similarity between the specimens of S. sarsi found in Kyiv with existing illustrations and descriptions of the Asian population of this species. The most likely route of penetration is human intentional release. Some diagnostic details are discussed and short redescription of species is presented in the paper.","PeriodicalId":36290,"journal":{"name":"Zoodiversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48981410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Polchaninova, V. Gnelitsa, V. Terekhova, A. Iosypchuk
An annotated list of 31 spider species of 12 families collected in Northeasten, Easten and Southern Ukraine is presented. Four speceis, Marinarozelotes manychensis (Ponomarev & Tsvetkov, 2006), Turkоzelotes kazachstanicus (Ponomarev et Tsvetkov, 2006), Zelotes atrocaeruleus (Simon, 1878), and Z. puritanus Chamberlin, 1922, are recorded for the first time from Ukraine. For Micaria coarctata (Lucas, 1846), this is the first record from the East European Plain. Nine species were recorded for the first time from Left-Bank Ukraine. To date, 1081 spider species are known from Ukraine and 757 species from Left-Bank Ukraine. Bsed on recent data, the northern boundaries of the geographic ranges of Drassyllus crimeaensis Kovblyuk, 2003 and Bassanioides caperatus (Simon, 1875) run along the northern coast of the Sea of Azov. For Marinarozelotes manychensis and Turkоzelotes kazachstanicus the northwestern coast of the Sea of Azov is the westernmost known limits of their distiribution. The range of Heriaeus horridus Tyschchenko, 1965 is delimited in the west by the right bank of the Dnieper estuary. Thirteen species are illlustrted.
{"title":"New and Rare Spider Species (Arachnida, Araneae) from Ukraine","authors":"N. Polchaninova, V. Gnelitsa, V. Terekhova, A. Iosypchuk","doi":"10.15407/ZOO2021.02.095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ZOO2021.02.095","url":null,"abstract":"An annotated list of 31 spider species of 12 families collected in Northeasten, Easten and Southern Ukraine is presented. Four speceis, Marinarozelotes manychensis (Ponomarev & Tsvetkov, 2006), Turkоzelotes kazachstanicus (Ponomarev et Tsvetkov, 2006), Zelotes atrocaeruleus (Simon, 1878), and Z. puritanus Chamberlin, 1922, are recorded for the first time from Ukraine. For Micaria coarctata (Lucas, 1846), this is the first record from the East European Plain. Nine species were recorded for the first time from Left-Bank Ukraine. To date, 1081 spider species are known from Ukraine and 757 species from Left-Bank Ukraine. Bsed on recent data, the northern boundaries of the geographic ranges of Drassyllus crimeaensis Kovblyuk, 2003 and Bassanioides caperatus (Simon, 1875) run along the northern coast of the Sea of Azov. For Marinarozelotes manychensis and Turkоzelotes kazachstanicus the northwestern coast of the Sea of Azov is the westernmost known limits of their distiribution. The range of Heriaeus horridus Tyschchenko, 1965 is delimited in the west by the right bank of the Dnieper estuary. Thirteen species are illlustrted.","PeriodicalId":36290,"journal":{"name":"Zoodiversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67084098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Tsyba, M. Ghazali, S. V. Kokodiy, S. Mezhzherin
The large-scale hybridization of fishes of the subfamily Leuciscinae in the subordinate systems of the Dnipro River basin is presented by the data on two pairs of species, roach Rutilus rutilus × bream Abramis brama, and bleak Alburnus alburnus × rudd Scardinius erythrophthalmus. The hybridization and occurrence of F1 hybrids are confirmed with allozyme spectra and morphological characters on series of samples. A complete morphometric analysis of the characteristics of bleak and rudd hybrids was performed. The paper discusses the intergeneric hybridization in nature, which is a unique phenomenon characteristic only of some groups of cyprinids. The most likely reason is the overestimation of the taxonomic status of European cyprinids, which is confirmed by the insignificant level of intergeneric genetic divergence.
{"title":"Regular Intergeneric Hybridization of Leuciscine Cyprinids (Cyprinidae, Leuciscinae) in the Dnipro Affluant","authors":"A. Tsyba, M. Ghazali, S. V. Kokodiy, S. Mezhzherin","doi":"10.15407/zoo2021.04.295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/zoo2021.04.295","url":null,"abstract":"The large-scale hybridization of fishes of the subfamily Leuciscinae in the subordinate systems of the Dnipro River basin is presented by the data on two pairs of species, roach Rutilus rutilus × bream Abramis brama, and bleak Alburnus alburnus × rudd Scardinius erythrophthalmus. The hybridization and occurrence of F1 hybrids are confirmed with allozyme spectra and morphological characters on series of samples. A complete morphometric analysis of the characteristics of bleak and rudd hybrids was performed. The paper discusses the intergeneric hybridization in nature, which is a unique phenomenon characteristic only of some groups of cyprinids. The most likely reason is the overestimation of the taxonomic status of European cyprinids, which is confirmed by the insignificant level of intergeneric genetic divergence.","PeriodicalId":36290,"journal":{"name":"Zoodiversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67085517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We report and describe new Chirocephalus diaphanus Prévost, 1803 gynandromorphs from Tunisia and review the literature of anostracan gynandromorphy and other, possibly associated, somatic aberrations, with comments on their evolutionary significance. Our material has three specimens that are specifically deformed on the left side of the head.
{"title":"New Gynandromorph Records for Chirocephalus diaphanus (Branchiopoda, Anostraca, Chirocephalidae)","authors":"D. Rogers, V. Cottarelli, F. Marrone","doi":"10.15407/zoo2021.06.459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/zoo2021.06.459","url":null,"abstract":"We report and describe new Chirocephalus diaphanus Prévost, 1803 gynandromorphs from Tunisia and review the literature of anostracan gynandromorphy and other, possibly associated, somatic aberrations, with comments on their evolutionary significance. Our material has three specimens that are specifically deformed on the left side of the head.","PeriodicalId":36290,"journal":{"name":"Zoodiversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67086054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Th e shell coloration was studied in more than three thousand adults of the grove snail, Cepaea nemoralis (Linnaeus, 1758), from 15 colonies discovered in 2019–2020 in Lviv City and in the immediate vicinity of its south-ern administrative border (Zubra village). In most colonies, relatively light phenotypes prevailed: most oft en P00000, less oft en Y00000 or Y00300. In total, more than a third of the collected specimens had the phenotype P00000. Great variability of the phenotypic and genetic structure of this introduced species in the study area was demonstrated, which usually does not have a clear connection with the locations of colonies or with the shading of habitats. Th is may be due to both random factors (founder eff ect, gene drift in recently formed colonies), and the relative youth of the colonies. In the future, the obtained data can be used to monitor possible long-term changes in the phenotypic composition of the investigated colonies to assess the potential eff ect of selective factors on this composition, fi rst of all, climatic selection outside the natural range of C. nemoralis.
{"title":"Shell Banding and Color Polymorphism of the Introduced Snail Cepaea nemoralis (Gastropoda, Helicidae) in Lviv, Western Ukraine","authors":"N. Gural-Sverlova, R. Gural","doi":"10.15407/ZOO2021.01.051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ZOO2021.01.051","url":null,"abstract":"Th e shell coloration was studied in more than three thousand adults of the grove snail, Cepaea nemoralis (Linnaeus, 1758), from 15 colonies discovered in 2019–2020 in Lviv City and in the immediate vicinity of its south-ern administrative border (Zubra village). In most colonies, relatively light phenotypes prevailed: most oft en P00000, less oft en Y00000 or Y00300. In total, more than a third of the collected specimens had the phenotype P00000. Great variability of the phenotypic and genetic structure of this introduced species in the study area was demonstrated, which usually does not have a clear connection with the locations of colonies or with the shading of habitats. Th is may be due to both random factors (founder eff ect, gene drift in recently formed colonies), and the relative youth of the colonies. In the future, the obtained data can be used to monitor possible long-term changes in the phenotypic composition of the investigated colonies to assess the potential eff ect of selective factors on this composition, fi rst of all, climatic selection outside the natural range of C. nemoralis.","PeriodicalId":36290,"journal":{"name":"Zoodiversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67084382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anthropogenic disturbances often alter patterns of community functioning. Along that, how interacting species respond to these changes remains poorly understood. In 1972–2019, we studied the trophic structure of the vertebrate predator community in coniferous-small-leaved forests of Belarussian Paazerje (Northern Belarus). Since 2013, large scale depopulation of wild boars Sus scrofa has been started in Belarus as a measure to reduce a circulation of the African swine fever (ASF). It was found that the community consisted of four trophic guilds including small rodent consumers, bird consumers, scavengers, and ungulate consumers. The pronounced shifts in dietary compositions of three scavengers (the raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides, golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos and white-tailed eagle Haliaeetus albicilla) after a decrease in an abundance of wild boar carrion was revealed. Along that, the average value of the dietary similarity between investigated species stayed the same.
{"title":"Changes in the Trophic Structure of the Vertebrate Predator Community in the Cold Season in Belarussian Paazerje (Northern Belarus) in Relation with Emphasis on Depopulation of the Wild Boar, Sus scrofa (Artiodactyla, Suida)","authors":"V. V. Ivanovskij, A. Sidorovich, I. A. Solovej","doi":"10.15407/ZOO2021.02.133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/ZOO2021.02.133","url":null,"abstract":"Anthropogenic disturbances often alter patterns of community functioning. Along that, how interacting species respond to these changes remains poorly understood. In 1972–2019, we studied the trophic structure of the vertebrate predator community in coniferous-small-leaved forests of Belarussian Paazerje (Northern Belarus). Since 2013, large scale depopulation of wild boars Sus scrofa has been started in Belarus as a measure to reduce a circulation of the African swine fever (ASF). It was found that the community consisted of four trophic guilds including small rodent consumers, bird consumers, scavengers, and ungulate consumers. The pronounced shifts in dietary compositions of three scavengers (the raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides, golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos and white-tailed eagle Haliaeetus albicilla) after a decrease in an abundance of wild boar carrion was revealed. Along that, the average value of the dietary similarity between investigated species stayed the same.","PeriodicalId":36290,"journal":{"name":"Zoodiversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67084932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Mezhzherin, Y. Chayka, R. Vlasenko, E. I. Zhalay, O. Rostovskaya, O. Garbar
Geographical parthenogenesis describes phenomenon when parthenogenetic hybrid forms or species have larger distribution areas or higher abundance than their amphimictic parental species, especially in climatically unfavorable conditions. This phenomenon was studied in Ukraine for the pair species of earthworms Aporrectodea сaliginosa (Savigny, 1826) s. l. We found that the hermaphroditic amphimictic A. caliginosa clearly predominates in the northern and western regions, and the apomictic parthenogenetic A. trapezoides (Duges, 1828) in the southern and eastern regions with a continental arid climate. In the sample sets of A. сaliginosa–A. trapezoides group, usually one of the species sharply predominated, and the equality of their abundance was very rare. The reason for this fact is both the alternative geographical distribution and the ability of A. trapezoides to form populations in habitats unfavorable for A. caliginosa. In general, the situation in this group agrees with the classical model of geographic parthenogenesis and confirms the high adaptive potential of apomictic organisms. This fact once again raises the question of non-adaptive reasons for the exclusion of the apomictic reproduction in highly organized animals.
{"title":"The Alternative Distribution of Related Earthworms Aporrectodea caliginosa and A. trapezoides (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) in Ukraine as a Case of Geographical Parthenogenesis","authors":"S. Mezhzherin, Y. Chayka, R. Vlasenko, E. I. Zhalay, O. Rostovskaya, O. Garbar","doi":"10.15407/zoo2021.03.185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/zoo2021.03.185","url":null,"abstract":"Geographical parthenogenesis describes phenomenon when parthenogenetic hybrid forms or species have larger distribution areas or higher abundance than their amphimictic parental species, especially in climatically unfavorable conditions. This phenomenon was studied in Ukraine for the pair species of earthworms Aporrectodea сaliginosa (Savigny, 1826) s. l. We found that the hermaphroditic amphimictic A. caliginosa clearly predominates in the northern and western regions, and the apomictic parthenogenetic A. trapezoides (Duges, 1828) in the southern and eastern regions with a continental arid climate. In the sample sets of A. сaliginosa–A. trapezoides group, usually one of the species sharply predominated, and the equality of their abundance was very rare. The reason for this fact is both the alternative geographical distribution and the ability of A. trapezoides to form populations in habitats unfavorable for A. caliginosa. In general, the situation in this group agrees with the classical model of geographic parthenogenesis and confirms the high adaptive potential of apomictic organisms. This fact once again raises the question of non-adaptive reasons for the exclusion of the apomictic reproduction in highly organized animals.","PeriodicalId":36290,"journal":{"name":"Zoodiversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67084683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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