Pub Date : 2020-02-19DOI: 10.1088/2516-1067/ab6c85
Xiuquan Cao, Chao Li, Rundong He, Haoming Xu, Lin Chen, Bo Huang
There are two types of direct current thermal plasma jet based on flow status: turbulent plasma jet and laminar plasma jet. Laminar plasma jet has more advantages for high-precision applications than turbulent jet. Previous researches have been done to study factors that influence the jet characteristics for particular applications. However, more researches should be done to understand the influences of the anode structures on the jet characteristics. Therefore, this paper aims to study the jet characteristics of the laminar plasma torch with different anode structures experimentally. The experimental setup and methods are explained in detail in section 2. Then, results with different anode structures are examined and discussed. The experimental results show that different anode structure results in different jet characteristics, which is beneficial for the design of the laminar plasma torch. To conclude, a bigger diameter of the anode is beneficial for obtaining a higher arc voltage and thermal efficiency, nevertheless, a medium jet length and an anode with a smaller diameter is not recommended because of the low jet length. Furthermore, an anode with semicircular grooves on the inner surface can generate a more stable and long laminar plasma jet with a lower arc voltage but more intense erosion.
{"title":"Study on the influences of the anode structures on the jet characteristics of a laminar plasma torch","authors":"Xiuquan Cao, Chao Li, Rundong He, Haoming Xu, Lin Chen, Bo Huang","doi":"10.1088/2516-1067/ab6c85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2516-1067/ab6c85","url":null,"abstract":"There are two types of direct current thermal plasma jet based on flow status: turbulent plasma jet and laminar plasma jet. Laminar plasma jet has more advantages for high-precision applications than turbulent jet. Previous researches have been done to study factors that influence the jet characteristics for particular applications. However, more researches should be done to understand the influences of the anode structures on the jet characteristics. Therefore, this paper aims to study the jet characteristics of the laminar plasma torch with different anode structures experimentally. The experimental setup and methods are explained in detail in section 2. Then, results with different anode structures are examined and discussed. The experimental results show that different anode structure results in different jet characteristics, which is beneficial for the design of the laminar plasma torch. To conclude, a bigger diameter of the anode is beneficial for obtaining a higher arc voltage and thermal efficiency, nevertheless, a medium jet length and an anode with a smaller diameter is not recommended because of the low jet length. Furthermore, an anode with semicircular grooves on the inner surface can generate a more stable and long laminar plasma jet with a lower arc voltage but more intense erosion.","PeriodicalId":36295,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Research Express","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1088/2516-1067/ab6c85","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45312232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-14DOI: 10.1088/2516-1067/ab743a
P. Basu, H. Ramachandran
This paper discusses the nature of the plasma equilibrium in a microwave induced plasma under STP conditions. The plasma is generated out of water spray with dissolved minerals. It is known [] that plasma is not generated unless the water droplets are introduced in an iris region of the waveguide. To understand this, the plasma generation process was simulated in a coupled Matlab-Comsol simulation and different iris configurations were studied. The simulation confirms that the iris provides the necessary ponderomotive force required to confine the plasma. In the absence of the iris, plasma does not form in the simulation and in the experiment. This confirms that ponderomotive force is necessary for the plasma formation. The plasma and field profiles obtained in the simulation are presented and the role of the ponderomotive force is established.
{"title":"Role of ponderomotive force in sustaining plasma discharge in a microwave induced plasma system","authors":"P. Basu, H. Ramachandran","doi":"10.1088/2516-1067/ab743a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2516-1067/ab743a","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the nature of the plasma equilibrium in a microwave induced plasma under STP conditions. The plasma is generated out of water spray with dissolved minerals. It is known [] that plasma is not generated unless the water droplets are introduced in an iris region of the waveguide. To understand this, the plasma generation process was simulated in a coupled Matlab-Comsol simulation and different iris configurations were studied. The simulation confirms that the iris provides the necessary ponderomotive force required to confine the plasma. In the absence of the iris, plasma does not form in the simulation and in the experiment. This confirms that ponderomotive force is necessary for the plasma formation. The plasma and field profiles obtained in the simulation are presented and the role of the ponderomotive force is established.","PeriodicalId":36295,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Research Express","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1088/2516-1067/ab743a","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47246885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-10DOI: 10.1088/2516-1067/ab7286
Nauman Sadiq, Mushtaq Ahmad
Solitary kinetic Alfvén waves are investigated in low-β electron-ion quantum plasma by considering the exchange-correlation effects of degenerate electrons by using the quantum hydrodynamic fluid model. It is found that both the width and amplitude of kinetic Alfvén solitons are modified in the presence of exchange-correlation effects. Moreover, the kinetic Alfvén soliton with hump profile moves with sub-Alfvénic wave speed. Our results may be helpful where quantum effects and plasma can coexist especially in solid-state objects (i.e. metallic, semiconductors and their nano-objects), inertial confinement fusion system and astrophysical compact objects (i.e. the interior of white dwarf and atmosphere of neutron stars).
{"title":"Kinetic Alfvén soliton structure with exchange-correlation potential in quantum plasma","authors":"Nauman Sadiq, Mushtaq Ahmad","doi":"10.1088/2516-1067/ab7286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2516-1067/ab7286","url":null,"abstract":"Solitary kinetic Alfvén waves are investigated in low-β electron-ion quantum plasma by considering the exchange-correlation effects of degenerate electrons by using the quantum hydrodynamic fluid model. It is found that both the width and amplitude of kinetic Alfvén solitons are modified in the presence of exchange-correlation effects. Moreover, the kinetic Alfvén soliton with hump profile moves with sub-Alfvénic wave speed. Our results may be helpful where quantum effects and plasma can coexist especially in solid-state objects (i.e. metallic, semiconductors and their nano-objects), inertial confinement fusion system and astrophysical compact objects (i.e. the interior of white dwarf and atmosphere of neutron stars).","PeriodicalId":36295,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Research Express","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1088/2516-1067/ab7286","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43215024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-07DOI: 10.1088/2516-1067/ab6c84
Yangyang Fu, Peng Zhang, J. Verboncoeur, Xinxin Wang
Fundamental processes for electric breakdown, i.e., electrode emission and bulk ionization, as well as the resultant Paschen’s law, are reviewed under various conditions. The effect of the ramping rate of applied voltage on breakdown is first introduced for macroscopic gaps, followed by showing the significant impact of the electric field nonuniformity due to gap geometry. The classical Paschen’s law assumes uniform electric field; a more general breakdown scaling law is illustrated for both DC and RF fields in geometrically similar gaps, based on the Townsend similarity theory. For a submillimeter gap, effects of electrode surface morphology with local field enhancement and electric shielding on the breakdown curve are discussed, including the most recent efforts. Breakdown characteristics and scaling laws in microgaps with both metallic and non-metallic (e.g., semiconductor) materials are detailed. For gap distance down to micro/nano scales, the breakdown characteristics and the breakdown mode transition from the secondary electron emission to the electric field emission or thermionic emission dominant regime. Additionally, the combined thermo-field emission regime is also reviewed. Previous efforts, including key simulations and experiments, have been devoted to diagnosing breakdown path evolution, measuring breakdown fields, and quantifying breakdown dependence on frequencies for gaps down to micro/nano scales. By summarizing and analyzing fundamental theories, recent progress, and on-going challenges, this tutorial review seeks to provide basic understanding and the state of the art of electric breakdown, which aids in advancing discoveries and promoting application prospects for discharge devices engineered in a wide range of regimes.
{"title":"Electrical breakdown from macro to micro/nano scales: a tutorial and a review of the state of the art","authors":"Yangyang Fu, Peng Zhang, J. Verboncoeur, Xinxin Wang","doi":"10.1088/2516-1067/ab6c84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2516-1067/ab6c84","url":null,"abstract":"Fundamental processes for electric breakdown, i.e., electrode emission and bulk ionization, as well as the resultant Paschen’s law, are reviewed under various conditions. The effect of the ramping rate of applied voltage on breakdown is first introduced for macroscopic gaps, followed by showing the significant impact of the electric field nonuniformity due to gap geometry. The classical Paschen’s law assumes uniform electric field; a more general breakdown scaling law is illustrated for both DC and RF fields in geometrically similar gaps, based on the Townsend similarity theory. For a submillimeter gap, effects of electrode surface morphology with local field enhancement and electric shielding on the breakdown curve are discussed, including the most recent efforts. Breakdown characteristics and scaling laws in microgaps with both metallic and non-metallic (e.g., semiconductor) materials are detailed. For gap distance down to micro/nano scales, the breakdown characteristics and the breakdown mode transition from the secondary electron emission to the electric field emission or thermionic emission dominant regime. Additionally, the combined thermo-field emission regime is also reviewed. Previous efforts, including key simulations and experiments, have been devoted to diagnosing breakdown path evolution, measuring breakdown fields, and quantifying breakdown dependence on frequencies for gaps down to micro/nano scales. By summarizing and analyzing fundamental theories, recent progress, and on-going challenges, this tutorial review seeks to provide basic understanding and the state of the art of electric breakdown, which aids in advancing discoveries and promoting application prospects for discharge devices engineered in a wide range of regimes.","PeriodicalId":36295,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Research Express","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1088/2516-1067/ab6c84","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45369851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-30DOI: 10.1088/2516-1067/ab6f44
J. Horn-Stanja, E. Stenson, M. Stoneking, M. Singer, U. Hergenhahn, S. Nißl, H. Saitoh, T. Pedersen, M. Dickmann, C. Hugenschmidt, J. Danielson
An increased low-energy positron flux is obtained from the reactor based NEPOMUC source when using its primary beam at energies as low as 20 eV. First experiments with this beam in a supported magnetic dipole trap resulted in the maximum current of injected positrons to date. According to single-particle simulations, remaining limitations in the injection efficiency, observed in the experiment, can be attributed to the spatial spread of the beam. In the first trapping measurements with this beam, top-down asymmetries in the electrostatic trapping potential are found to be detrimental to confinement.
{"title":"Injection of intense low-energy reactor-based positron beams into a supported magnetic dipole trap","authors":"J. Horn-Stanja, E. Stenson, M. Stoneking, M. Singer, U. Hergenhahn, S. Nißl, H. Saitoh, T. Pedersen, M. Dickmann, C. Hugenschmidt, J. Danielson","doi":"10.1088/2516-1067/ab6f44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2516-1067/ab6f44","url":null,"abstract":"An increased low-energy positron flux is obtained from the reactor based NEPOMUC source when using its primary beam at energies as low as 20 eV. First experiments with this beam in a supported magnetic dipole trap resulted in the maximum current of injected positrons to date. According to single-particle simulations, remaining limitations in the injection efficiency, observed in the experiment, can be attributed to the spatial spread of the beam. In the first trapping measurements with this beam, top-down asymmetries in the electrostatic trapping potential are found to be detrimental to confinement.","PeriodicalId":36295,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Research Express","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1088/2516-1067/ab6f44","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41859628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-30DOI: 10.1088/2516-1067/ab6f45
N. Sharma, M. Chakraborty, N. K. Neog, M. Bandyopadhyay
In this paper, a study of a helicon discharge with O2 gas, operating at 13.56 MHz frequency and powers between 0–1500 W and pressure between 3 × 10−3 and 8 × 10−3 mbar is presented. Measurements of plasma parameters were made in the plasma production chamber as well as in the downstream expansion chamber. In the source chamber, transition from E to H and finally to W mode appears by increasing the input radio frequency (RF) power. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detailed report of Helicon mode transition in Oxygen discharge. Mode transition is further confirmed by studying the radial density profile and by external matching circuit parameters measurement. Comparison of Langmuir probe I-V measurements and electron energy distribution function (EEDF) in source and expansion chambers confirms formation of negative ions. Negative ion fraction is measured in the expansion chamber by using two-probe method and densities of charged particles (electrons, positive and negative ions) are calculated using standard Langmuir probe theory and quasi-neutrality condition.
{"title":"Discharge properties of helicon oxygen plasma in the source and expansion chambers","authors":"N. Sharma, M. Chakraborty, N. K. Neog, M. Bandyopadhyay","doi":"10.1088/2516-1067/ab6f45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2516-1067/ab6f45","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a study of a helicon discharge with O2 gas, operating at 13.56 MHz frequency and powers between 0–1500 W and pressure between 3 × 10−3 and 8 × 10−3 mbar is presented. Measurements of plasma parameters were made in the plasma production chamber as well as in the downstream expansion chamber. In the source chamber, transition from E to H and finally to W mode appears by increasing the input radio frequency (RF) power. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detailed report of Helicon mode transition in Oxygen discharge. Mode transition is further confirmed by studying the radial density profile and by external matching circuit parameters measurement. Comparison of Langmuir probe I-V measurements and electron energy distribution function (EEDF) in source and expansion chambers confirms formation of negative ions. Negative ion fraction is measured in the expansion chamber by using two-probe method and densities of charged particles (electrons, positive and negative ions) are calculated using standard Langmuir probe theory and quasi-neutrality condition.","PeriodicalId":36295,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Research Express","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1088/2516-1067/ab6f45","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46620755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-20DOI: 10.1088/2516-1067/ab69d8
W. Khan, M. Ali, Y. Habib
Electron Bernstein waves are studied in plasma environment (relativistic, weakly relativistic and non- relativistic). The dispersion relation for electron Bernstein is derived by using the Maxwell-Juttner distribution function. As the integration in the relativistic dispersion relation cannot be solved analytically so the integration is approximated with the trapezoidal rule. It is observed that more than one mode exists for the Bernstein waves for a single harmonic number n due to relativistic effects defined by the value of η = mc 2 k B T e (ratio of rest mass energy to thermal energy).
研究了等离子体环境中的电子Bernstein波（相对论性、弱相对论性和非相对论性）。利用Maxwell-Juttner分布函数导出了电子Bernstein的色散关系。由于相对论色散关系中的积分无法解析求解，因此积分用梯形规则近似。观察到，由于η=mc 2 k B T e（静止质量能与热能之比）定义的相对论效应，对于单个谐波数n的Bernstein波存在不止一个模式。
{"title":"Electron cyclotron modes of Bernstein waves in different plasma environments","authors":"W. Khan, M. Ali, Y. Habib","doi":"10.1088/2516-1067/ab69d8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2516-1067/ab69d8","url":null,"abstract":"Electron Bernstein waves are studied in plasma environment (relativistic, weakly relativistic and non- relativistic). The dispersion relation for electron Bernstein is derived by using the Maxwell-Juttner distribution function. As the integration in the relativistic dispersion relation cannot be solved analytically so the integration is approximated with the trapezoidal rule. It is observed that more than one mode exists for the Bernstein waves for a single harmonic number n due to relativistic effects defined by the value of η = mc 2 k B T e (ratio of rest mass energy to thermal energy).","PeriodicalId":36295,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Research Express","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1088/2516-1067/ab69d8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48830365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-20DOI: 10.1088/2516-1067/ab69d7
V. Plotnikov, G. Diaz
Plasma streamers are produced utilizing a high-voltage pulse generator with variable peak-potential difference for up to 20 kV with 200 mJ of pulse energy, 15 microsecond rise time, and adjustable pulse frequency in the range between 1 Hz and 1.5 kHz for corona streamer initiation in liquid phase. The pulsed plasma generator is tested in a pin-to-plate electrode geometry in a sealed reactor filled with deionized water. Streamer geometry information and the resulting electrical waveforms are presented, in addition to quantitative description of temperature variation with respect to pulse frequency and electrical power applied. It is observed that consistent streamers without significant variation in length are obtained within the frequency range analyzed.
{"title":"High-voltage pulsed plasma generation with frequency control for streamer initiation in liquid phase","authors":"V. Plotnikov, G. Diaz","doi":"10.1088/2516-1067/ab69d7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2516-1067/ab69d7","url":null,"abstract":"Plasma streamers are produced utilizing a high-voltage pulse generator with variable peak-potential difference for up to 20 kV with 200 mJ of pulse energy, 15 microsecond rise time, and adjustable pulse frequency in the range between 1 Hz and 1.5 kHz for corona streamer initiation in liquid phase. The pulsed plasma generator is tested in a pin-to-plate electrode geometry in a sealed reactor filled with deionized water. Streamer geometry information and the resulting electrical waveforms are presented, in addition to quantitative description of temperature variation with respect to pulse frequency and electrical power applied. It is observed that consistent streamers without significant variation in length are obtained within the frequency range analyzed.","PeriodicalId":36295,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Research Express","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1088/2516-1067/ab69d7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43631844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-13DOI: 10.1088/2516-1067/ab640f
Matthew Burnette, D. Staack
Two dimensional arrays of streamer discharges were developed using electrical discharge machining of stainless steel sheets and stacking them together with spacers to allow gas flow between the sheets. A nanosecond pulsing circuit, capable of delivering 2–40 kV pulses with pulse widths of >20 ns by using two spark gaps as switches, was developed as a simple tunable pulsing power supply. High resolution imaging of the plasma for uniformity across the array tips was conducted. Optical emission spectroscopy was used to characterize the species created as well as probe the temperature of the discharge for various substrates, voltage pulse durations, voltage pulse magnitudes, and gas flows. The discharge properties were found to be substrate independent for a wide variety of conditions.
{"title":"Development of a substrate-invariant 2-D array of nanosecond-pulsed streamer discharges","authors":"Matthew Burnette, D. Staack","doi":"10.1088/2516-1067/ab640f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2516-1067/ab640f","url":null,"abstract":"Two dimensional arrays of streamer discharges were developed using electrical discharge machining of stainless steel sheets and stacking them together with spacers to allow gas flow between the sheets. A nanosecond pulsing circuit, capable of delivering 2–40 kV pulses with pulse widths of >20 ns by using two spark gaps as switches, was developed as a simple tunable pulsing power supply. High resolution imaging of the plasma for uniformity across the array tips was conducted. Optical emission spectroscopy was used to characterize the species created as well as probe the temperature of the discharge for various substrates, voltage pulse durations, voltage pulse magnitudes, and gas flows. The discharge properties were found to be substrate independent for a wide variety of conditions.","PeriodicalId":36295,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Research Express","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1088/2516-1067/ab640f","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45874949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1088/2516-1067/ab6703
A. Fahmy, A. El-Zomrawy, A. Saeed, Ahmed Z Sayed, Mohamed A Ezz El-Arab, H. Shehata, J. Friedrich
Decolorization of Acid Orange 142 (AO142) as important water pollutant was observed on the exposure of the dye solutions to an atmospheric non-thermal gas plasma. A response surface methodology (RSM) combined with a central composite design (CCD) was utilized to optimize the main factors (variables) affecting the degradation efficiency (response) of AO142, such as the applied voltage, the gap distance between the high voltage electrode and the surface of the solution. The regression analysis showed that a first-order polynomial model well fits the experimental data with a coefficient of determination R2 = 0.96. FT-IR, UV-vis, TOC and GC-MS measurements were used to investigate the decolorization of the dye on exposure to the plasma discharges. A possible degradation pathway was postulated. Additionally, the conductivity and pH changes during the treatment were also evaluated. The plasma treatment combined with Fe2+ (plasma Fenton reaction) exhibited a higher degradation efficiency, higher energy yield connected with lower energy consumption in comparison to the plasma treatment without Fe2+ addition.
{"title":"Degradation of organic dye using plasma discharge: optimization, pH and energy","authors":"A. Fahmy, A. El-Zomrawy, A. Saeed, Ahmed Z Sayed, Mohamed A Ezz El-Arab, H. Shehata, J. Friedrich","doi":"10.1088/2516-1067/ab6703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2516-1067/ab6703","url":null,"abstract":"Decolorization of Acid Orange 142 (AO142) as important water pollutant was observed on the exposure of the dye solutions to an atmospheric non-thermal gas plasma. A response surface methodology (RSM) combined with a central composite design (CCD) was utilized to optimize the main factors (variables) affecting the degradation efficiency (response) of AO142, such as the applied voltage, the gap distance between the high voltage electrode and the surface of the solution. The regression analysis showed that a first-order polynomial model well fits the experimental data with a coefficient of determination R2 = 0.96. FT-IR, UV-vis, TOC and GC-MS measurements were used to investigate the decolorization of the dye on exposure to the plasma discharges. A possible degradation pathway was postulated. Additionally, the conductivity and pH changes during the treatment were also evaluated. The plasma treatment combined with Fe2+ (plasma Fenton reaction) exhibited a higher degradation efficiency, higher energy yield connected with lower energy consumption in comparison to the plasma treatment without Fe2+ addition.","PeriodicalId":36295,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Research Express","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1088/2516-1067/ab6703","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45172489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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