Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3934/electreng.2023014
Rachida Boufouss, Abdellah Najid
This article presents the design of a low-loss microstrip dual-band bandpass filter with improved inter-band isolation and selectivity for 5G sub-6 GHz mobile communications. The proposed filter utilizes the two first resonance mode frequencies provided by the stepped-impedance resonator to generate its two passbands at 3.6 GHz and 3.5 GHz, and spur-lines located before the input/output ports to improve the isolation and selectivity between passbands. The filter is designed using an RT/Duroid 5870 substrate with a relative permittivity of 2.33 and a thickness of 0.79 mm, manufactured and tested to validate the proposed design. The experimental results show that the filter operates at 3.61 GHz and 5.51 GHz with a 3-dB fractional bandwidth of 12.74% and 16.7%, respectively. Insertion losses at the two passbands center frequencies are 0.6 dB and 0.9 dB. In addition, the proposed filter has the advantage of covering the licensed and unlicensed 5G bands and provides a simple structure without using vias or DGS structures.
{"title":"A low-loss dual-band bandpass filter using open-loop stepped-impedance resonators and spur-lines for sub-6 GHz 5G mobile communications","authors":"Rachida Boufouss, Abdellah Najid","doi":"10.3934/electreng.2023014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/electreng.2023014","url":null,"abstract":"<abstract><p>This article presents the design of a low-loss microstrip dual-band bandpass filter with improved inter-band isolation and selectivity for 5G sub-6 GHz mobile communications. The proposed filter utilizes the two first resonance mode frequencies provided by the stepped-impedance resonator to generate its two passbands at 3.6 GHz and 3.5 GHz, and spur-lines located before the input/output ports to improve the isolation and selectivity between passbands. The filter is designed using an RT/Duroid 5870 substrate with a relative permittivity of 2.33 and a thickness of 0.79 mm, manufactured and tested to validate the proposed design. The experimental results show that the filter operates at 3.61 GHz and 5.51 GHz with a 3-dB fractional bandwidth of 12.74% and 16.7%, respectively. Insertion losses at the two passbands center frequencies are 0.6 dB and 0.9 dB. In addition, the proposed filter has the advantage of covering the licensed and unlicensed 5G bands and provides a simple structure without using vias or DGS structures.</p></abstract>","PeriodicalId":36329,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136368299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3934/electreng.2023011
Sebin J Olickal, R. Jose
Advanced wireless communication technologies, such as 5G, are faced with significant challenges in accurately estimating the transmitted signal and characterizing the channel. One of the major obstacles is the interference caused by the delay spread, which results from receiving multiple signal copies through different paths. To mitigate this issue, the orthogonal frequency division modulation (OFDM) technique is often employed. Efficient signal detection and optimal channel estimation are crucial for enhancing the performance of multi-carrier wireless communication systems. To this end, this paper proposes a Long Short Term Memory-Projected Layer (LSTM-PL) deep neural network(DNN) based channel estimator to detect received OFDM signal. The results show that the LSTM-PL algorithm outperforms traditional methods such as Least Squares(LS), Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) and other LSTM deep learning channel estimation methods like Long Short Term Memory(LSTM)-DNN and Bidirectional-LSTM(Bi-LSTM)-DNN, as evidenced by Symbol-Error Rate (SER) outcomes.
{"title":"LSTM projected layer neural network-based signal estimation and channel state estimator for OFDM wireless communication systems","authors":"Sebin J Olickal, R. Jose","doi":"10.3934/electreng.2023011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/electreng.2023011","url":null,"abstract":"Advanced wireless communication technologies, such as 5G, are faced with significant challenges in accurately estimating the transmitted signal and characterizing the channel. One of the major obstacles is the interference caused by the delay spread, which results from receiving multiple signal copies through different paths. To mitigate this issue, the orthogonal frequency division modulation (OFDM) technique is often employed. Efficient signal detection and optimal channel estimation are crucial for enhancing the performance of multi-carrier wireless communication systems. To this end, this paper proposes a Long Short Term Memory-Projected Layer (LSTM-PL) deep neural network(DNN) based channel estimator to detect received OFDM signal. The results show that the LSTM-PL algorithm outperforms traditional methods such as Least Squares(LS), Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) and other LSTM deep learning channel estimation methods like Long Short Term Memory(LSTM)-DNN and Bidirectional-LSTM(Bi-LSTM)-DNN, as evidenced by Symbol-Error Rate (SER) outcomes.","PeriodicalId":36329,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70223036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The performance of the control system relies on the linearity of the sensor, which can be influenced by various factors such as aging and alterations in material properties. However, current sensor linearization techniques, such as utilizing neural networks and piecewise regression models in the digital domain, suffer from issues like errors, excessive power consumption, and slow response times. To address these constraints, this investigation employs a translinear based analog circuit to realize neural networks and piecewise regression models for the purpose of linearizing the selected sensors. A conventional feed-forward back propagation network is constructed and trained using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. The developed linearization algorithm is implemented using a translinear circuit, where the trained weights, biases, and sensor output are fed as input current sources into the current-mode circuit. Further in this work, the piecewise regression model is designed and implemented using a translinear circuit and the breakpoint is determined using 'R' language. The simulation results indicate that the implementation of the current-mode circuit with metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) for the neural network algorithm leads to a substantial reduction in full-scale error as compared to the piecewise current mode model. Additionally, a performance analysis was conducted to compare the utilization of current-mode circuits with digital approaches for the linearization of sensors. The proposed translinear implementation surpasses the other researcher's work by delivering notable results. It showcases a significant improvement in linearity, ranging from 60% to 80%, for the selected sensors. Furthermore, the proposed implementation excels not only in linearity but also in terms of both response speed and power consumption. The improvement in the linearity of the sensor can be enhanced further by replacing the MOSFETs with bipolar transistors or any versatile materials such as gallium arsenide or gallium nitride-based transistors.
{"title":"Enhancing sensor linearity through the translinear circuit implementation of piecewise and neural network models","authors":"Sundararajan Seenivasaan, Naduvil Madhusoodanan Kottarthil","doi":"10.3934/electreng.2023012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/electreng.2023012","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of the control system relies on the linearity of the sensor, which can be influenced by various factors such as aging and alterations in material properties. However, current sensor linearization techniques, such as utilizing neural networks and piecewise regression models in the digital domain, suffer from issues like errors, excessive power consumption, and slow response times. To address these constraints, this investigation employs a translinear based analog circuit to realize neural networks and piecewise regression models for the purpose of linearizing the selected sensors. A conventional feed-forward back propagation network is constructed and trained using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. The developed linearization algorithm is implemented using a translinear circuit, where the trained weights, biases, and sensor output are fed as input current sources into the current-mode circuit. Further in this work, the piecewise regression model is designed and implemented using a translinear circuit and the breakpoint is determined using 'R' language. The simulation results indicate that the implementation of the current-mode circuit with metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) for the neural network algorithm leads to a substantial reduction in full-scale error as compared to the piecewise current mode model. Additionally, a performance analysis was conducted to compare the utilization of current-mode circuits with digital approaches for the linearization of sensors. The proposed translinear implementation surpasses the other researcher's work by delivering notable results. It showcases a significant improvement in linearity, ranging from 60% to 80%, for the selected sensors. Furthermore, the proposed implementation excels not only in linearity but also in terms of both response speed and power consumption. The improvement in the linearity of the sensor can be enhanced further by replacing the MOSFETs with bipolar transistors or any versatile materials such as gallium arsenide or gallium nitride-based transistors.","PeriodicalId":36329,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70223045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.3934/electreng.2023019
Saqib J Rind, Saba Javed, Yawar Rehman, Mohsin Jamil
Climate change has highlighted a need to transition to more sustainable forms of transportation. Electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) offer a promising alternative to conventional gasoline powered vehicles. However, advancements in power electronics and advanced control systems have made the implementation of high performance traction drives for EVs and HEVs easy. In this paper, a novel sliding mode control model reference adaptive system (SMC-MRAS) speed estimator in traction drive control application is presented. However, due to the unpredictable operational uncertainties of the machine parameters and unmodelled non-linear dynamics, the proportional-integral (PI)-MRAS may not produce a satisfactory performance. The Proposed estimator eliminates the PI controller employed in the conventional MRAS. This method utilizes two loops and generates two different error signals from the rotor flux and motor torques. The stability and dynamics of the SMC law are obtained through the Lyapunov theory. The potential of the proposed SMC-MRAS methodology is simulated and experimentally validated for an electric vehicle application. Matlab-Simulink environment is developed and proposed scheme is employed on indirect vector control method. However, for the experimental validation, the dSPACE 4011 R & D controller board was utilized. Furthermore, the SMC-MRAS performance is differentiated with PI-MRAS for speed regulation performance, tracking and estimation error, as well as the fast minimization of the error signal. The results of the proposed scheme illustrate the enhanced speed estimation, load disturbance rejection ability and fast error dynamics.
气候变化凸显了向更可持续的交通方式过渡的必要性。电动汽车(ev)和混合动力汽车(hev)为传统汽油动力汽车提供了一种很有前途的替代方案。然而，电力电子技术和先进控制系统的进步使得电动汽车和混合动力汽车的高性能牵引驱动器的实施变得容易。提出了一种新的滑模控制模型参考自适应系统(SMC-MRAS)速度估计器在牵引传动控制中的应用。然而，由于机器参数的不可预测的操作不确定性和未建模的非线性动力学，比例积分(PI)-MRAS可能不能产生令人满意的性能。该估计器消除了传统MRAS中使用的PI控制器。该方法利用两个回路产生转子磁链和电机转矩两种不同的误差信号。利用李亚普诺夫理论得到了SMC律的稳定性和动力学性质。提出的SMC-MRAS方法的潜力进行了模拟和实验验证，用于电动汽车的应用。开发了Matlab-Simulink环境，并将该方案应用于间接矢量控制。然而，为了进行实验验证，dSPACE 4011 R &采用D控制器板。此外，SMC-MRAS性能与PI-MRAS性能在调速性能、跟踪和估计误差以及误差信号的快速最小化方面有所不同。结果表明，该方案具有较强的速度估计能力、抗负载干扰能力和较快的误差动态特性。
{"title":"Sliding mode control rotor flux MRAS based speed sensorless induction motor traction drive control for electric vehicles","authors":"Saqib J Rind, Saba Javed, Yawar Rehman, Mohsin Jamil","doi":"10.3934/electreng.2023019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/electreng.2023019","url":null,"abstract":"<abstract><p>Climate change has highlighted a need to transition to more sustainable forms of transportation. Electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) offer a promising alternative to conventional gasoline powered vehicles. However, advancements in power electronics and advanced control systems have made the implementation of high performance traction drives for EVs and HEVs easy. In this paper, a novel sliding mode control model reference adaptive system (SMC-MRAS) speed estimator in traction drive control application is presented. However, due to the unpredictable operational uncertainties of the machine parameters and unmodelled non-linear dynamics, the proportional-integral (PI)-MRAS may not produce a satisfactory performance. The Proposed estimator eliminates the PI controller employed in the conventional MRAS. This method utilizes two loops and generates two different error signals from the rotor flux and motor torques. The stability and dynamics of the SMC law are obtained through the Lyapunov theory. The potential of the proposed SMC-MRAS methodology is simulated and experimentally validated for an electric vehicle application. Matlab-Simulink environment is developed and proposed scheme is employed on indirect vector control method. However, for the experimental validation, the dSPACE 4011 R &amp; D controller board was utilized. Furthermore, the SMC-MRAS performance is differentiated with PI-MRAS for speed regulation performance, tracking and estimation error, as well as the fast minimization of the error signal. The results of the proposed scheme illustrate the enhanced speed estimation, load disturbance rejection ability and fast error dynamics.</p></abstract>","PeriodicalId":36329,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134980811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.3934/electreng.2022010
S. Miclaus, D. Deaconescu, D. Vatamanu, A. Buda, A. Sârbu, Bogdan Pindaru
Realistic human exposures to radiation emitted by a mobile terminal connected to either a 5G network (sub-6 GHz) or to a 4G network have been scarcely assessed till now. Present experimental work aimed at comparing the radiated field in air, in a single point situated at 10 cm from a mobile phone when running a set of 5 mobile applications in the two communication standards. The time-evolution of the electric field strength in air near the terminal during 25 s of use was recorded by an original method, together with the data rate of transmission. The emitted power density dynamics, its statistics, its slope of accumulation after the usage period and its average value per transmitted bit are analyzed and compared between all the situations. The peculiarities are emphasized and they are proved to depend on the communication standard and on the mobile application.
{"title":"Peculiarities of the radiated field in the vicinity of a mobile terminal connected to 4G versus 5G networks during various applications usage","authors":"S. Miclaus, D. Deaconescu, D. Vatamanu, A. Buda, A. Sârbu, Bogdan Pindaru","doi":"10.3934/electreng.2022010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/electreng.2022010","url":null,"abstract":"Realistic human exposures to radiation emitted by a mobile terminal connected to either a 5G network (sub-6 GHz) or to a 4G network have been scarcely assessed till now. Present experimental work aimed at comparing the radiated field in air, in a single point situated at 10 cm from a mobile phone when running a set of 5 mobile applications in the two communication standards. The time-evolution of the electric field strength in air near the terminal during 25 s of use was recorded by an original method, together with the data rate of transmission. The emitted power density dynamics, its statistics, its slope of accumulation after the usage period and its average value per transmitted bit are analyzed and compared between all the situations. The peculiarities are emphasized and they are proved to depend on the communication standard and on the mobile application.","PeriodicalId":36329,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70222299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.3934/electreng.2022001
Arebu Dejen, J. Jayasinghe, M. Ridwan, J. Anguera
Multi-band microstrip patch antennas are convenient for mm-wave wireless applications due to their low profile, less weight, and planar structure. This paper investigates patch geometry optimization of a single microstrip antenna by employing a binary coded genetic algorithm to attain triple band frequency operation for wireless network application. The algorithm iteratively creates new models of patch surface, evaluates the fitness function of each individual ranking them and generates the next set of offsprings. Finally, the fittest individual antenna model is returned. Genetically engineered antenna was simulated in ANSYS HFSS software and compared with the non-optimized reference antenna with the same dimensions. The optimized antenna operates at three frequency bands centered at 28 GHz, 40 GHz, and 47 GHz whereas the reference antenna operates only at 28 GHz with a directivity of 6.8 dB. Further, the test result exhibits broadside radiation patterns with peak directivities of 7.7 dB, 12.1 dB, and 8.2 dB respectively. The covered impedance bandwidths when S11$ leq $-10 dB are 1.8 %, 5.5 % and 0.85 % respectively.
{"title":"Genetically engineered tri-band microstrip antenna with improved directivity for mm-wave wireless application","authors":"Arebu Dejen, J. Jayasinghe, M. Ridwan, J. Anguera","doi":"10.3934/electreng.2022001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/electreng.2022001","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-band microstrip patch antennas are convenient for mm-wave wireless applications due to their low profile, less weight, and planar structure. This paper investigates patch geometry optimization of a single microstrip antenna by employing a binary coded genetic algorithm to attain triple band frequency operation for wireless network application. The algorithm iteratively creates new models of patch surface, evaluates the fitness function of each individual ranking them and generates the next set of offsprings. Finally, the fittest individual antenna model is returned. Genetically engineered antenna was simulated in ANSYS HFSS software and compared with the non-optimized reference antenna with the same dimensions. The optimized antenna operates at three frequency bands centered at 28 GHz, 40 GHz, and 47 GHz whereas the reference antenna operates only at 28 GHz with a directivity of 6.8 dB. Further, the test result exhibits broadside radiation patterns with peak directivities of 7.7 dB, 12.1 dB, and 8.2 dB respectively. The covered impedance bandwidths when S11$ leq $-10 dB are 1.8 %, 5.5 % and 0.85 % respectively.","PeriodicalId":36329,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70222529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.3934/electreng.2022024
S. Patnaik, M. Nayak, M. Viswavandya
Climate change, global warming, the depletion of fossil fuels, and rising energy demand are the main forces behind the increase in renewable energy sources. However, the unpredictability of power output from these renewable energy sources presents distribution system integration issues such as limited feeder capacity, unstable voltage, and network power loss. This study analyses the African vulture optimisation algorithm to determine the best allocation of distribution generators, with an emphasis on reducing the ageing of distribution transformers and delaying investment in feeders. The optimization technique provides faster global convergence and outperforms existing bio-inspired algorithms verified with benchmark uni-modal functions as a result of a larger crossover between the exploration and exploitation phases. The key aim is to decrease active power loss while simultaneously enhancing security margin and voltage stability. The IEEE 69-bus RDS system is utilised to validate the case studies for appropriate allocation of photovoltaic, wind turbine generation, and battery energy storage systems units, as well as offering the ideal energy management approach. During simulation, uncertainty on the characteristics of renewable energy source is accounted for. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm with a substantial improvement in voltage profile, the benefit of lower CO2 emissions, an increase in security margin of up to 143%, and the advantage of extending the feeder investment deferral period by more than 50 years. In addition, the distribution transformer ageing acceleration factor improves significantly in the case of an increase in load demand.
{"title":"Smart deployment of energy storage and renewable energy sources for improving distribution system efficacy","authors":"S. Patnaik, M. Nayak, M. Viswavandya","doi":"10.3934/electreng.2022024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/electreng.2022024","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change, global warming, the depletion of fossil fuels, and rising energy demand are the main forces behind the increase in renewable energy sources. However, the unpredictability of power output from these renewable energy sources presents distribution system integration issues such as limited feeder capacity, unstable voltage, and network power loss. This study analyses the African vulture optimisation algorithm to determine the best allocation of distribution generators, with an emphasis on reducing the ageing of distribution transformers and delaying investment in feeders. The optimization technique provides faster global convergence and outperforms existing bio-inspired algorithms verified with benchmark uni-modal functions as a result of a larger crossover between the exploration and exploitation phases. The key aim is to decrease active power loss while simultaneously enhancing security margin and voltage stability. The IEEE 69-bus RDS system is utilised to validate the case studies for appropriate allocation of photovoltaic, wind turbine generation, and battery energy storage systems units, as well as offering the ideal energy management approach. During simulation, uncertainty on the characteristics of renewable energy source is accounted for. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed algorithm with a substantial improvement in voltage profile, the benefit of lower CO2 emissions, an increase in security margin of up to 143%, and the advantage of extending the feeder investment deferral period by more than 50 years. In addition, the distribution transformer ageing acceleration factor improves significantly in the case of an increase in load demand.","PeriodicalId":36329,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70222179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.3934/electreng.2022020
Sanjay Dubey, M. Chinnaiah, I. A. Pasha, K. Sai Prasanna, V. Praveen Kumar, R. Abhilash
Pulse diagnosis, also known as Nadi Pariksha, is one of the various diagnostic modalities used in Ayurveda. Nadi Pariksha is a way of determining the underlying cause of a sickness that needs extensive knowledge of the Tridosha signals (i.e. Vata, Pitta and Kapha), as well as the peculiarities of each pulse signal and their relationship to each dominant signal. A Nadi expert can gain a sense of the patient's health status by using this approach and then provide treatment based on that information. In the present day, the health monitoring of people has become an essential requirement. A system which keeps track of the patient's health and continuously captures pulse signals will be helpful. In this work a healthcare monitoring system that uses sensors was developed, and the analysis of Vata, Pitta and Kapha for various patients is discussed, as well as the uploading of the same data to a self-made IoT cloud. The mean values of Vata, Pita and Kapha were compared for different age groups; we found that it is more significant for the age group of 41‒50.
{"title":"An IoT based Ayurvedic approach for real time healthcare monitoring","authors":"Sanjay Dubey, M. Chinnaiah, I. A. Pasha, K. Sai Prasanna, V. Praveen Kumar, R. Abhilash","doi":"10.3934/electreng.2022020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/electreng.2022020","url":null,"abstract":"Pulse diagnosis, also known as Nadi Pariksha, is one of the various diagnostic modalities used in Ayurveda. Nadi Pariksha is a way of determining the underlying cause of a sickness that needs extensive knowledge of the Tridosha signals (i.e. Vata, Pitta and Kapha), as well as the peculiarities of each pulse signal and their relationship to each dominant signal. A Nadi expert can gain a sense of the patient's health status by using this approach and then provide treatment based on that information. In the present day, the health monitoring of people has become an essential requirement. A system which keeps track of the patient's health and continuously captures pulse signals will be helpful. In this work a healthcare monitoring system that uses sensors was developed, and the analysis of Vata, Pitta and Kapha for various patients is discussed, as well as the uploading of the same data to a self-made IoT cloud. The mean values of Vata, Pita and Kapha were compared for different age groups; we found that it is more significant for the age group of 41‒50.","PeriodicalId":36329,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70222561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.3934/electreng.2022023
K. Srilatha, B. Madhav, J. Krishna, Y. V. N. R. Swamy Banothu, A. Badisa
An electromagnetic (EM) invisible cloak is designed and analyzed with serially interconnected split ring resonators (SRRs). The cloak consists of an array of a network of split ring resonators which operates at a 3 GHz resonating frequency. The split ring resonators are connected with transmission line and are wrapped around the cylindrical object. Cloak coupled with EM waves gets transferred around the cylindrical object and received to the other side of transmission. Scattering cross section (SCS) is analyzed for both cases, which results in the effect of resonance. The total scattering cross section of the cloaked object is reduced by using SRRs. The simulated and measured results are in great agreement with each other. The transmission-line-connected SRR cloak is useful for S-band applications specifically at 3 GHz resonance.
{"title":"Design of electromagnetic cloak with sequentially connected rectangular split ring resonators for S-band applications","authors":"K. Srilatha, B. Madhav, J. Krishna, Y. V. N. R. Swamy Banothu, A. Badisa","doi":"10.3934/electreng.2022023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/electreng.2022023","url":null,"abstract":"An electromagnetic (EM) invisible cloak is designed and analyzed with serially interconnected split ring resonators (SRRs). The cloak consists of an array of a network of split ring resonators which operates at a 3 GHz resonating frequency. The split ring resonators are connected with transmission line and are wrapped around the cylindrical object. Cloak coupled with EM waves gets transferred around the cylindrical object and received to the other side of transmission. Scattering cross section (SCS) is analyzed for both cases, which results in the effect of resonance. The total scattering cross section of the cloaked object is reduced by using SRRs. The simulated and measured results are in great agreement with each other. The transmission-line-connected SRR cloak is useful for S-band applications specifically at 3 GHz resonance.","PeriodicalId":36329,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70222633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.3934/electreng.2022006
S. Dhara, P. Sadhu, A. Shrivastav
Recently, as technology advances, demand for electrical energy has increased at an unprecedented rate in the power system network. With the growing importance of renewable energy assets and the global expansion of distributed generation (DG) efficiency, grid fault analysis is critical for increasing the efficiency and resilience of the power system. Apart from fault current, the interconnection of distributed generators in the distribution network results in an increase in system harmonics, as well as a halt in the operation of the overcurrent relay due to backward directed fault current. However, since the SFCL is considered to be more effective when used with distributed generators, the investigation of a protective relay due to the employment of SFCL is particularly necessary as a substitute strategy for limiting fault current in the distribution network. Additionally, many electrical customers continually require quality control, depending on the quality of the grid power it delivers and the performance of the terminal device. However, a variety of external and internal variables have an effect on the quality of energy delivered to the end consumer. Itos similar to fluctuations in tension and frequency, as well as failures. Such power quality concerns erode equipmentos long-term capability and performance. These concerns should be addressed in terms of harmonic reduction via the use of hybrid filtering in order to maximise the efficacy of consumer goods and overall device output. This study proposes a control strategy for the filter to eliminate harmonics and a rectification method for the overcurrent relay employing voltage components for the purpose of applying SFCL, as well as the notion of DG, in a power distribution framework. To validate the suggested approach, a malfunction with an overcurrent relay was simulated using a combination of DG and SFCL. The MATLAB/SIMULINK environment is used to simulate the desired control strategy and see the result.
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