Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.3934/electreng.2022019
A. Abanay, L. Masmoudi, M. El Ansari, J. Gonzalez-Jimenez, Francisco-Angel Moreno
This paper presents an autonomous navigation method for an agricultural mobile robot "AgriEco Robot", with four-wheel-drive and embedded perception sensors. The proposed method allows an accurate guidance between strawberry crop rows while automatically spraying pesticides, as well as detecting the end and switching to the next rows. The main control system was developed using Robot Operating System (ROS) based on a 2D LIDAR sensor. The acquired 2D point clouds data is processed to estimate the robot's heading and lateral offset relative to crop rows. A motion controller is incorporated to ensure the developed autonomous navigation method. Performance in terms of accuracy of the autonomous navigation has been evaluated in real-world conditions within strawberry greenhouses, proving its usefulness for automatic pesticide spraying.
{"title":"LIDAR-based autonomous navigation method for an agricultural mobile robot in strawberry greenhouse: AgriEco Robot","authors":"A. Abanay, L. Masmoudi, M. El Ansari, J. Gonzalez-Jimenez, Francisco-Angel Moreno","doi":"10.3934/electreng.2022019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/electreng.2022019","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an autonomous navigation method for an agricultural mobile robot \"AgriEco Robot\", with four-wheel-drive and embedded perception sensors. The proposed method allows an accurate guidance between strawberry crop rows while automatically spraying pesticides, as well as detecting the end and switching to the next rows. The main control system was developed using Robot Operating System (ROS) based on a 2D LIDAR sensor. The acquired 2D point clouds data is processed to estimate the robot's heading and lateral offset relative to crop rows. A motion controller is incorporated to ensure the developed autonomous navigation method. Performance in terms of accuracy of the autonomous navigation has been evaluated in real-world conditions within strawberry greenhouses, proving its usefulness for automatic pesticide spraying.","PeriodicalId":36329,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70222522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.3934/electreng.2022002
Ambati Navya, G. Immadi, M. Venkata Narayana
The proposed reconfigurable BPF satisfies the International Telecommunication Unionos (ITU) region 3 spectrum requirement. In transmit mode, the frequency range 11.41-12.92 GHz is used by the direct broadcast service (DBS) and the fixed satellite service (FSS). Direct broadcast service (DBS) in reception mode employs 11.7-12.2 GHz and 17.3-17.8 GHz frequency ranges. Frequency reconfigurable filters are popular because they can cover wide range of frequencies, reducing system cost and space. Another emerging trend is electronic component flexibility or conformability, which allows them to be mounted on non-planar objects and are used in wearable applications. This project contains a frequency-reconfigurable BPF that has been entirely printed on a flexible polimide substrate. Frequency reconfigurability is obtained by using a pin diode HSCH 5318 and it is used to switch between 12 GHz and 18 GHz. The prototype reconfigurable BPF is highly compact and low-cost due to the flexible polimide substrate and the measured results are promising and match the simulated results well.
{"title":"Flexible ku/k band frequency reconfigurable bandpass filter","authors":"Ambati Navya, G. Immadi, M. Venkata Narayana","doi":"10.3934/electreng.2022002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/electreng.2022002","url":null,"abstract":"The proposed reconfigurable BPF satisfies the International Telecommunication Unionos (ITU) region 3 spectrum requirement. In transmit mode, the frequency range 11.41-12.92 GHz is used by the direct broadcast service (DBS) and the fixed satellite service (FSS). Direct broadcast service (DBS) in reception mode employs 11.7-12.2 GHz and 17.3-17.8 GHz frequency ranges. Frequency reconfigurable filters are popular because they can cover wide range of frequencies, reducing system cost and space. Another emerging trend is electronic component flexibility or conformability, which allows them to be mounted on non-planar objects and are used in wearable applications. This project contains a frequency-reconfigurable BPF that has been entirely printed on a flexible polimide substrate. Frequency reconfigurability is obtained by using a pin diode HSCH 5318 and it is used to switch between 12 GHz and 18 GHz. The prototype reconfigurable BPF is highly compact and low-cost due to the flexible polimide substrate and the measured results are promising and match the simulated results well.","PeriodicalId":36329,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70222551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-11DOI: 10.3934/ELECTRENG.2021001
Muamer M. Shebani, M. Iqbal, J. Quaicoe
Most of the active current sharing methods are based on a communication network. The communication link is also used with the improved droop control methods to achieve a precise load current sharing and regulate the voltage at the common DC bus. Conversely, the conventional droop method that is considered a decentralized method becomes more attractive for controlling parallel-connected converters in DC microgrids. The conventional droop methods' main drawbacks are associated with the unequal load current sharing and voltage deviation at the common DC bus. In this paper, the modified droop method as a conventional droop method is augmented with a virtual droop and adaptive voltage control gains to improve the load current sharing and the voltage regulation, respectively. In contrast with other improved droop approaches, the control approach proposed in the paper does not require a communication link to exchange information between parallel modules. Instead, it uses the converters' theoretical load regulation characteristics to estimate the voltage set point for each converter locally. The proposed virtual resistive gain manipulates the modified droop method to regulate each module's droop gain, which ensures equal current sharing. The proposed method also eliminates the tradeoff between current sharing difference and voltage regulation by implementing the adaptive voltage control, which compares the estimated voltage at the point of common coupling with the rated bus value and adjusts the droop gains based on the compared values to ensure a constant voltage at various load conditions. The load current sharing and voltage restoration improvements of the proposed method versus the modified droop method and the control algorithm technique are observed in this paper. The proposed method's effectiveness is demonstrated by MATLAB/Simulink simulation and validated by an experimental prototype.
{"title":"Comparison between alternative droop control strategy, modified droop method and control algorithm technique for parallel-connected converters","authors":"Muamer M. Shebani, M. Iqbal, J. Quaicoe","doi":"10.3934/ELECTRENG.2021001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/ELECTRENG.2021001","url":null,"abstract":"Most of the active current sharing methods are based on a communication network. The communication link is also used with the improved droop control methods to achieve a precise load current sharing and regulate the voltage at the common DC bus. Conversely, the conventional droop method that is considered a decentralized method becomes more attractive for controlling parallel-connected converters in DC microgrids. The conventional droop methods' main drawbacks are associated with the unequal load current sharing and voltage deviation at the common DC bus. In this paper, the modified droop method as a conventional droop method is augmented with a virtual droop and adaptive voltage control gains to improve the load current sharing and the voltage regulation, respectively. In contrast with other improved droop approaches, the control approach proposed in the paper does not require a communication link to exchange information between parallel modules. Instead, it uses the converters' theoretical load regulation characteristics to estimate the voltage set point for each converter locally. The proposed virtual resistive gain manipulates the modified droop method to regulate each module's droop gain, which ensures equal current sharing. The proposed method also eliminates the tradeoff between current sharing difference and voltage regulation by implementing the adaptive voltage control, which compares the estimated voltage at the point of common coupling with the rated bus value and adjusts the droop gains based on the compared values to ensure a constant voltage at various load conditions. The load current sharing and voltage restoration improvements of the proposed method versus the modified droop method and the control algorithm technique are observed in this paper. The proposed method's effectiveness is demonstrated by MATLAB/Simulink simulation and validated by an experimental prototype.","PeriodicalId":36329,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44383956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3934/electreng.2021011
K. Krishna, D. Ratnam
Multi Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) plays an essential role in navigation and geodesy fields for positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) services. The predominant challenge of multi-GNSS is hardware bias errors such as Differential code Bias (DCB) and Inter System Biases (ISB). The estimation of DCB and ISB are essential for analyzing the GNSS system performance to improve the positional accuracy. Navigation with the Indian Constellation (NavIC) system consists of the entire constellation of seven Geo-Stationary satellites to cater to Position Navigation Time (PNT) services over India and adjacent areas. In this paper, the relation between DCB and ISB of Global Positioning System (GPS) and NavIC systems is investigated using two ground-based NovAtel GPS and three Accords NavIC Receivers data (January to April 2019) at Koneru Lakshamaiah Education Foundation (K.L. Deemed to University), Guntur, India (16.47°N, 80.61°E). The correlation results indicate that NavIC GSO satellites are more stable than GEO satellites from DCB and ISB analysis due to low elevation angles and multipath effects. A systematic bias error is observed between NavIC and GPS satellite systems from ISB and DCB results. The current research work outcome would be beneficial for modeling GNSS ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) for high precision multi-constellation and multi-frequency GNSS systems.
{"title":"Analysis of differential code biases and inter-system biases for GPS and NavIC satellite constellations","authors":"K. Krishna, D. Ratnam","doi":"10.3934/electreng.2021011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/electreng.2021011","url":null,"abstract":"Multi Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) plays an essential role in navigation and geodesy fields for positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) services. The predominant challenge of multi-GNSS is hardware bias errors such as Differential code Bias (DCB) and Inter System Biases (ISB). The estimation of DCB and ISB are essential for analyzing the GNSS system performance to improve the positional accuracy. Navigation with the Indian Constellation (NavIC) system consists of the entire constellation of seven Geo-Stationary satellites to cater to Position Navigation Time (PNT) services over India and adjacent areas. In this paper, the relation between DCB and ISB of Global Positioning System (GPS) and NavIC systems is investigated using two ground-based NovAtel GPS and three Accords NavIC Receivers data (January to April 2019) at Koneru Lakshamaiah Education Foundation (K.L. Deemed to University), Guntur, India (16.47°N, 80.61°E). The correlation results indicate that NavIC GSO satellites are more stable than GEO satellites from DCB and ISB analysis due to low elevation angles and multipath effects. A systematic bias error is observed between NavIC and GPS satellite systems from ISB and DCB results. The current research work outcome would be beneficial for modeling GNSS ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) for high precision multi-constellation and multi-frequency GNSS systems.","PeriodicalId":36329,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70222024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3934/electreng.2021014
E. Collado, E. Valdés, Antony García, Y. Sáez
Climate change is one of the main factors causing environmental variations that affect the crops in agriculture worldwide. These variations are expected to not only continue, but also to increase, putting future agricultural production and food security at risk. In this work, an agroclimatic monitoring system for greenhouses composed of three main parts: monitoring stations, a wireless communication network, and a data processing and visualization platform is proposed. The aim of this work is to provide a technological solution based on the Internet of Things (IoT) that helps the agricultural sector to avoid crop losses due to climate change. The proposed system consists of several monitoring stations inside and outside the greenhouse, with multiple sensors to measure temperature, relative humidity, soil humidity, wind speed, wind direction, precipitation, radiation, pH, and electroconductivity. The information generated by the sensors is pre-processed and temporarily stored in the LinkIt Smart 7688 Duo microcontroller. Then, this information is sent via wireless through the inbuilt Wi-Fi module of the stations to the Thinger.io platform, where the data is processed, analyzed, and presented in real time in graphical form. Authorized users have access to this platform and can visualize the collected data from any electronic device with Internet access, following protocols to guarantee the security of the system. Using open hardware and open-source tools, and based on the IoT concept, a low-cost greenhouse monitoring system with six internal monitoring stations, one external monitoring station, and one portable monitoring station, that costs US, 180.00 was implemented. The results show that the total energy consumption of the system is approximately 20W, with a very good performance in terms of sampling time. This system was implemented in a 5000 square meter greenhouse with melon crops, where tests to evaluate the network performance within each zone in the greenhouse allowed us to consider WiFi technology to improve network coverage. Also, maximum, minimum, and average measurement values were evaluated to determine the critical levels recorded by the different sensors of agroclimatic variables during the period of study. The proposed system demonstrated to provide the agricultural sector with a low-cost, efficient, and easy-to-use tool to monitor agroclimatic variables in greenhouses that can help to prevent undesired climatic variations in advance, thus guaranteeing adequate conditions and reducing losses in production.
{"title":"Design and implementation of a low-cost IoT-based agroclimatic monitoring system for greenhouses","authors":"E. Collado, E. Valdés, Antony García, Y. Sáez","doi":"10.3934/electreng.2021014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/electreng.2021014","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is one of the main factors causing environmental variations that affect the crops in agriculture worldwide. These variations are expected to not only continue, but also to increase, putting future agricultural production and food security at risk. In this work, an agroclimatic monitoring system for greenhouses composed of three main parts: monitoring stations, a wireless communication network, and a data processing and visualization platform is proposed. The aim of this work is to provide a technological solution based on the Internet of Things (IoT) that helps the agricultural sector to avoid crop losses due to climate change. The proposed system consists of several monitoring stations inside and outside the greenhouse, with multiple sensors to measure temperature, relative humidity, soil humidity, wind speed, wind direction, precipitation, radiation, pH, and electroconductivity. The information generated by the sensors is pre-processed and temporarily stored in the LinkIt Smart 7688 Duo microcontroller. Then, this information is sent via wireless through the inbuilt Wi-Fi module of the stations to the Thinger.io platform, where the data is processed, analyzed, and presented in real time in graphical form. Authorized users have access to this platform and can visualize the collected data from any electronic device with Internet access, following protocols to guarantee the security of the system. Using open hardware and open-source tools, and based on the IoT concept, a low-cost greenhouse monitoring system with six internal monitoring stations, one external monitoring station, and one portable monitoring station, that costs US, 180.00 was implemented. The results show that the total energy consumption of the system is approximately 20W, with a very good performance in terms of sampling time. This system was implemented in a 5000 square meter greenhouse with melon crops, where tests to evaluate the network performance within each zone in the greenhouse allowed us to consider WiFi technology to improve network coverage. Also, maximum, minimum, and average measurement values were evaluated to determine the critical levels recorded by the different sensors of agroclimatic variables during the period of study. The proposed system demonstrated to provide the agricultural sector with a low-cost, efficient, and easy-to-use tool to monitor agroclimatic variables in greenhouses that can help to prevent undesired climatic variations in advance, thus guaranteeing adequate conditions and reducing losses in production.","PeriodicalId":36329,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering","volume":"274 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70222126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3934/electreng.2021018
Olayanju Sunday Akinwale, D. Mojisola, Ponnle Akinlolu
The advancement in communication technology and the availability of intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) have impacted positively on the penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) into the main electricity grid. High penetration of RES also come along with greater demand for more effective control approaches, congestion management techniques, and microgrids optimal dispatch. Most of the secondary control methods of microgrid systems in the autonomous mode require communication links between the distributed generators (DGs) for sharing power information and data for control purposes. This article gives ample review on the communication induced impairments in islanded microgrids. In the review, attention is given to communication induced delay, data packet loss, and cyber-attack that degrades optimal operations of islanded microgrids. The review also considered impairments modelling, the impact of impairments on microgrids operation and management, and the control methods employed in mitigating some of their negative impacts. The paper revealed that innovative control solutions for impairment mitigation rather than the development of new high-speed communication infrastructure should be implemented for microgrid control. It was also pointed out that a sparse communication graph is the basis for communication topology design for distributed secondary control in the microgrid.
{"title":"Mitigation strategies for communication networks induced impairments in autonomous microgrids control: A review","authors":"Olayanju Sunday Akinwale, D. Mojisola, Ponnle Akinlolu","doi":"10.3934/electreng.2021018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/electreng.2021018","url":null,"abstract":"The advancement in communication technology and the availability of intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) have impacted positively on the penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) into the main electricity grid. High penetration of RES also come along with greater demand for more effective control approaches, congestion management techniques, and microgrids optimal dispatch. Most of the secondary control methods of microgrid systems in the autonomous mode require communication links between the distributed generators (DGs) for sharing power information and data for control purposes. This article gives ample review on the communication induced impairments in islanded microgrids. In the review, attention is given to communication induced delay, data packet loss, and cyber-attack that degrades optimal operations of islanded microgrids. The review also considered impairments modelling, the impact of impairments on microgrids operation and management, and the control methods employed in mitigating some of their negative impacts. The paper revealed that innovative control solutions for impairment mitigation rather than the development of new high-speed communication infrastructure should be implemented for microgrid control. It was also pointed out that a sparse communication graph is the basis for communication topology design for distributed secondary control in the microgrid.","PeriodicalId":36329,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70222488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3934/electreng.2021015
F. Dahunsi, A. Olawumi, D. T. Ale, O. Sarumi
The evolution of smart meters has led to the generation of high-resolution time-series data - a stream of data capable of unveiling valuable knowledge from consumption behaviours for different applications. The ability to extract hidden knowledge from such massive amounts of data requires that it be analysed intelligently. Hence, for a clear representation of the various consumption behaviours of consumers, a good number of data mining technologies are usually employed. This paper presents a systematic review of the various data mining techniques and methodologies employed while profiling energy data streams. The review identifies the strengths and shortcomings of existing data mining methods as applied in research, focusing more on data processing techniques and load clustering. Also discussed are data mining methods used to profile consumption data, their pros and cons. It was inferred during the research that the choice of data mining technique employed is highly dependent on the application it is intended for and the intrinsic nature of the dataset.
{"title":"A systematic review of data pre-processing methods and unsupervised mining methods used in profiling smart meter data","authors":"F. Dahunsi, A. Olawumi, D. T. Ale, O. Sarumi","doi":"10.3934/electreng.2021015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/electreng.2021015","url":null,"abstract":"The evolution of smart meters has led to the generation of high-resolution time-series data - a stream of data capable of unveiling valuable knowledge from consumption behaviours for different applications. The ability to extract hidden knowledge from such massive amounts of data requires that it be analysed intelligently. Hence, for a clear representation of the various consumption behaviours of consumers, a good number of data mining technologies are usually employed. This paper presents a systematic review of the various data mining techniques and methodologies employed while profiling energy data streams. The review identifies the strengths and shortcomings of existing data mining methods as applied in research, focusing more on data processing techniques and load clustering. Also discussed are data mining methods used to profile consumption data, their pros and cons. It was inferred during the research that the choice of data mining technique employed is highly dependent on the application it is intended for and the intrinsic nature of the dataset.","PeriodicalId":36329,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70222136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3934/electreng.2021016
J. Jayasinghe
Researchers have proposed applying optimization techniques to improve performance of microstrip antennas (MSAs) in terms of bandwidth, radiation characteristics, polarization, directivity and size. The drawbacks of the conventional MSAs can be overcome by optimizing the antenna parameters while keeping a compact configuration. Applying a global optimizer is a better technique than using a local optimizer or a trial and error method for performance enhancement. This paper discusses genetic algorithm (GA) optimization of microstrip antennas presented by the antenna research community. The GA optimization procedure, antenna parameters optimized by using GA and the optimization objectives are presented by reviewing the literature. Further, evolution of GA in the field of MSAs and its significance are explored. Application of GA optimization to design broadband, multiband, high-directivity and miniature antennas is demonstrated with the support of several case studies giving an insight for further developments in the field.
{"title":"Application of Genetic Algorithm for Binary Optimization of Microstrip Antennas: A Review","authors":"J. Jayasinghe","doi":"10.3934/electreng.2021016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/electreng.2021016","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers have proposed applying optimization techniques to improve performance of microstrip antennas (MSAs) in terms of bandwidth, radiation characteristics, polarization, directivity and size. The drawbacks of the conventional MSAs can be overcome by optimizing the antenna parameters while keeping a compact configuration. Applying a global optimizer is a better technique than using a local optimizer or a trial and error method for performance enhancement. This paper discusses genetic algorithm (GA) optimization of microstrip antennas presented by the antenna research community. The GA optimization procedure, antenna parameters optimized by using GA and the optimization objectives are presented by reviewing the literature. Further, evolution of GA in the field of MSAs and its significance are explored. Application of GA optimization to design broadband, multiband, high-directivity and miniature antennas is demonstrated with the support of several case studies giving an insight for further developments in the field.","PeriodicalId":36329,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70222144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3934/electreng.2021017
D. Ratnam, K. N. Rao
The advanced neural network methods solve significant signal estimation and channel characterization difficulties in the next-generation 5G wireless communication systems. The number of transmitted signal copies received through multiple paths at the receiver leads to delay spread, which intern causes interference in communication. These adverse effects of the interference can be mitigated with the orthogonal frequency division modulation (OFDM) technique. Furthermore, the proper signal detection methods optimal channel estimation enhances the performance of the multicarrier wireless communication system. In this paper, bi-directional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) based deep learning method is implemented to estimate the channel in different multipath scenarios. The impact of the pilots and cyclic prefix on the performance of Bi LSTM algorithm is analyzed. It is evident from the symbol-error rate (SER) results that the Bi-LSTM algorithm performs better than the state of art channel estimation methods known as the Minimum Mean Square and Error (MMSE) estimation method.
{"title":"Bi-LSTM based deep learning method for 5G signal detection and channel estimation","authors":"D. Ratnam, K. N. Rao","doi":"10.3934/electreng.2021017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/electreng.2021017","url":null,"abstract":"The advanced neural network methods solve significant signal estimation and channel characterization difficulties in the next-generation 5G wireless communication systems. The number of transmitted signal copies received through multiple paths at the receiver leads to delay spread, which intern causes interference in communication. These adverse effects of the interference can be mitigated with the orthogonal frequency division modulation (OFDM) technique. Furthermore, the proper signal detection methods optimal channel estimation enhances the performance of the multicarrier wireless communication system. In this paper, bi-directional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) based deep learning method is implemented to estimate the channel in different multipath scenarios. The impact of the pilots and cyclic prefix on the performance of Bi LSTM algorithm is analyzed. It is evident from the symbol-error rate (SER) results that the Bi-LSTM algorithm performs better than the state of art channel estimation methods known as the Minimum Mean Square and Error (MMSE) estimation method.","PeriodicalId":36329,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70222478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Various controllers have been applied to control the dynamics of Electric Powered Wheelchair (EPW) for people whose walking are difficult or impossible, due to illness or disability. This paper deals with the nonlinear control of an electric wheelchair based on the hybridization between fuzzy logic and sliding mode control called Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control (FSMC). The EPW is powered by two Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM) due to some advantageous features, such as high efficiency, high torque to the current ratio, low noise and robustness. This research aims to present the dynamic modelling of both EPW motors with Lagrangian method in the first step, and the application of fuzzy sliding mode control in the second. This control technique was presented in order to consider the full dynamic model while alleviating the chattering phenomenon and to increase trajectory tracking performance of the EPW in the presence of disturbances. However, the reference trajectory used is that generated by the fifth-degree polynomial interpolation, which ensures a regular trajectory that is continuous in positions, velocities and accelerations. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to show the evolution of electrical and mechanical quantities in order to verify the effectiveness of the control strategy.
{"title":"Fuzzy sliding mode control for trajectory tracking of an electric powered wheelchair","authors":"Mohammed Mecifi, A. Boumédiène, D. Boubekeur","doi":"10.3934/electreng.2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/electreng.2021","url":null,"abstract":"Various controllers have been applied to control the dynamics of Electric Powered Wheelchair (EPW) for people whose walking are difficult or impossible, due to illness or disability. This paper deals with the nonlinear control of an electric wheelchair based on the hybridization between fuzzy logic and sliding mode control called Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control (FSMC). The EPW is powered by two Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM) due to some advantageous features, such as high efficiency, high torque to the current ratio, low noise and robustness. This research aims to present the dynamic modelling of both EPW motors with Lagrangian method in the first step, and the application of fuzzy sliding mode control in the second. This control technique was presented in order to consider the full dynamic model while alleviating the chattering phenomenon and to increase trajectory tracking performance of the EPW in the presence of disturbances. However, the reference trajectory used is that generated by the fifth-degree polynomial interpolation, which ensures a regular trajectory that is continuous in positions, velocities and accelerations. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to show the evolution of electrical and mechanical quantities in order to verify the effectiveness of the control strategy.","PeriodicalId":36329,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Electronics and Electrical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70221948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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