A. Ekwe, Samuel Ekeoma, G. Azuoko, A. Usman, O. Victor, N. Eluwa
An appraisal of the groundwater potential of Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike was carried out by integrating datasets from geology, geographic information system and electrical resistivity survey of the area. The study area is underlain by the Asu River group of Albian age. The Asu River Group in the Southern Benue Trough comprises of Shales, Limestones and Sandstone lenses of the Abakaliki Formation in Abakaliki and Ikwo areas. The shales are generally weathered, fissile, thinly laminated and highly fractured and varies between greyish brown to pinkish red in colour. Twenty (20) Vertical Electrical Sounding data were acquired using SAS 1000 ABEM Terrameter and processed to obtain layer parameters for the study area. A maximum current electrode spacing (AB) of 300 meters was used for data acquisition. Computer aided iterative modelling using IPI2 Win was used to determine layer parameters. In-situ Hydraulic Conductivity measurements at seven parametric locations within the study area were conducted and integrated with Electrical Resistivity measurements to determine aquifer parameters (e.g. Hydraulic conductivity and Transmissivity) in real time. This technique reduces the attendant huge costs associated with pumping tests and timelines required to carry out the technique. Accurate delineation of aquifer parameters and geometries will aid water resource planners and developers on favourable areas to site boreholes in the area. Several correlative cross-sections were generated from the interpreted results and used to assess the groundwater potential of the study area. Results show that the resistivity of the the aquifer ranges from 7.3 Wm–530 Wm while depth to water ranges from 11.4 m to 55.3 m. Aquifer thicknesses range from 8.7 m at VES 5 to 36.3 m at VES 6 locations. Hydraulic conductivity ranges from 1.55 m/day at VES 15.18, and 19 locations to 9.8 m/day at VES 3 and 4 locations respectively. Transmissivity varies from 17.48 m2/day at VES 19 to 98 m2/day at VES 3 locations respectively.Areas with relatively high transmissivities coupled with good aquifer thicknesses should be the target of water resource planners and developers when proposing sites for drilling productive boreholes within Alex Ekwueme federal University Ndufu Alike.
{"title":"Integrating in-situ hydraulic conductivity measurements and vertical electrical sounding for groundwater exploration in fractured shales within Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike (AE-FUNAI), South Eastern Nigeria","authors":"A. Ekwe, Samuel Ekeoma, G. Azuoko, A. Usman, O. Victor, N. Eluwa","doi":"10.24294/jgc.v7i2.6400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/jgc.v7i2.6400","url":null,"abstract":"An appraisal of the groundwater potential of Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike was carried out by integrating datasets from geology, geographic information system and electrical resistivity survey of the area. The study area is underlain by the Asu River group of Albian age. The Asu River Group in the Southern Benue Trough comprises of Shales, Limestones and Sandstone lenses of the Abakaliki Formation in Abakaliki and Ikwo areas. The shales are generally weathered, fissile, thinly laminated and highly fractured and varies between greyish brown to pinkish red in colour. Twenty (20) Vertical Electrical Sounding data were acquired using SAS 1000 ABEM Terrameter and processed to obtain layer parameters for the study area. A maximum current electrode spacing (AB) of 300 meters was used for data acquisition. Computer aided iterative modelling using IPI2 Win was used to determine layer parameters. In-situ Hydraulic Conductivity measurements at seven parametric locations within the study area were conducted and integrated with Electrical Resistivity measurements to determine aquifer parameters (e.g. Hydraulic conductivity and Transmissivity) in real time. This technique reduces the attendant huge costs associated with pumping tests and timelines required to carry out the technique. Accurate delineation of aquifer parameters and geometries will aid water resource planners and developers on favourable areas to site boreholes in the area. Several correlative cross-sections were generated from the interpreted results and used to assess the groundwater potential of the study area. Results show that the resistivity of the the aquifer ranges from 7.3 Wm–530 Wm while depth to water ranges from 11.4 m to 55.3 m. Aquifer thicknesses range from 8.7 m at VES 5 to 36.3 m at VES 6 locations. Hydraulic conductivity ranges from 1.55 m/day at VES 15.18, and 19 locations to 9.8 m/day at VES 3 and 4 locations respectively. Transmissivity varies from 17.48 m2/day at VES 19 to 98 m2/day at VES 3 locations respectively.Areas with relatively high transmissivities coupled with good aquifer thicknesses should be the target of water resource planners and developers when proposing sites for drilling productive boreholes within Alex Ekwueme federal University Ndufu Alike.","PeriodicalId":363659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography and Cartography","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141823019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current paper aims at spatial presentation in Cinque Terre. The purpose is to reconstruct digital products (maps, statistics, diagrams, 3D models) and the spatial analysis of the five villages. The goals are the presentation of the geomorphology, geography, population, density, and area. Also, the Strength-Weakness-Opportunities-Threats (SWOT) analysis creates the region disadvantages advantages of the five villages. The methodology is based on the software (G.I.S Pro, QGIS, Zephyr 3D, Microsoft Excel, Generic Mapping Tool) and the bibliography study. For instance, the construction 3D terrain model shows the buildings, roads, green areas, and land cover of the five villages. The digital products help better “reading” the region and emphasize the measurements and location of the region’s elements. The final results contain a message about new technologies and spatial planning. The new technologies have given spatial solutions in the last few years. The innovative, understanding, attractive cartographical digital products present the geomorphology of the traditional villages in Cinque Terre.
{"title":"Cartographical digital products: Maps, 3D models, diagrams","authors":"Efthymios Spyridon Georgiou","doi":"10.24294/jgc.v7i1.4514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/jgc.v7i1.4514","url":null,"abstract":"The current paper aims at spatial presentation in Cinque Terre. The purpose is to reconstruct digital products (maps, statistics, diagrams, 3D models) and the spatial analysis of the five villages. The goals are the presentation of the geomorphology, geography, population, density, and area. Also, the Strength-Weakness-Opportunities-Threats (SWOT) analysis creates the region disadvantages advantages of the five villages. The methodology is based on the software (G.I.S Pro, QGIS, Zephyr 3D, Microsoft Excel, Generic Mapping Tool) and the bibliography study. For instance, the construction 3D terrain model shows the buildings, roads, green areas, and land cover of the five villages. The digital products help better “reading” the region and emphasize the measurements and location of the region’s elements. The final results contain a message about new technologies and spatial planning. The new technologies have given spatial solutions in the last few years. The innovative, understanding, attractive cartographical digital products present the geomorphology of the traditional villages in Cinque Terre.","PeriodicalId":363659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography and Cartography","volume":"29 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140659986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transportation projects are crucial for the overall success of major urban, metropolitan, regional, and national development according to their capacity by bringing significant changes in socio-economic and territorial aspects. In this context, sustaining and development of economic and social activities depend on having sufficient Water Resources Management. This research helps to manage transport project planning and construction phases to analyze the surface water flow, high-level streams, wetland sites for development of transportation infrastructure planning, implementing, maintenance, monitoring and long-term evaluations to better face the challenges and solutions associated with effective management and enhancement to deal with Low, Medium, High levels of impact. A case study was carried out using the Arc Hydro extension within ArcGIS for processing and presenting spatially-referenced Stream Model. Geographical information systems have the potential to improve water resources planning and management. The study framework would be useful for water resources problem solving by enabling decision makers to collect qualitative data more effectively and gather them into the water management process by a systematic framework.
{"title":"An integrated urban water resources management approach for infrastructure and urban planning","authors":"Berna Çalışkan","doi":"10.24294/jgc.v7i1.4504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/jgc.v7i1.4504","url":null,"abstract":"Transportation projects are crucial for the overall success of major urban, metropolitan, regional, and national development according to their capacity by bringing significant changes in socio-economic and territorial aspects. In this context, sustaining and development of economic and social activities depend on having sufficient Water Resources Management. This research helps to manage transport project planning and construction phases to analyze the surface water flow, high-level streams, wetland sites for development of transportation infrastructure planning, implementing, maintenance, monitoring and long-term evaluations to better face the challenges and solutions associated with effective management and enhancement to deal with Low, Medium, High levels of impact. A case study was carried out using the Arc Hydro extension within ArcGIS for processing and presenting spatially-referenced Stream Model. Geographical information systems have the potential to improve water resources planning and management. The study framework would be useful for water resources problem solving by enabling decision makers to collect qualitative data more effectively and gather them into the water management process by a systematic framework.","PeriodicalId":363659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography and Cartography","volume":"96 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140676495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study is to investigate the behavior of major and trace elements in aspen leaves grown in an intensely altered region from a geochemical point of view. In this context, major and trace element contents of aspen leaves (Populus tremula L.) grown on Gümüştuğ (Gümüşhane/Türkiye) antimony mineralization were investigated. For this purpose, 56 leaf samples were collected from the field by grid method and at intervals of approximately 50–60 m. After routine sample preparation processes, analyzes were carried out to determine the major and trace element concentrations. Subsequently, elemental concentrations of aspen leaves were evaluated by different statistical methods. As a result, major elements Ca, Mg, Na, K, Al and S concentrations were determined in the range of 2%–3%, 0.23%–0.85%, up to 0.02%, 0.79%–2.01%, 0.01%–0.03% and 0.13%–0.43%, respectively. The trace element concentrations were determined in the range of 127–339 ppm, 86.7–265.30 ppm, 0.1–1.21 ppm, 13.5–453.20 ppm, 6.0–12.0 ppm, 14.0–82.0 ppm and 0.1–0.60 ppm for Mn, Sr, La, Ba, Ti, B and Se, respectively. Considering that the samples were taken from aspen leaves grown on the antimony mineralization, the concentrations of the antimonite element were determined above the detection limit in only a few sampling points in the study. But the concentrations of B, Mn, Sr, La of aspen (Populus Tremula L.) leaves are remarkable.
{"title":"On the elemental contents of aspen (Populus tremula L.) leaves grown in the mineralization area","authors":"A. Vural","doi":"10.24294/jgc.v6i1.2192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/jgc.v6i1.2192","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to investigate the behavior of major and trace elements in aspen leaves grown in an intensely altered region from a geochemical point of view. In this context, major and trace element contents of aspen leaves (Populus tremula L.) grown on Gümüştuğ (Gümüşhane/Türkiye) antimony mineralization were investigated. For this purpose, 56 leaf samples were collected from the field by grid method and at intervals of approximately 50–60 m. After routine sample preparation processes, analyzes were carried out to determine the major and trace element concentrations. Subsequently, elemental concentrations of aspen leaves were evaluated by different statistical methods. As a result, major elements Ca, Mg, Na, K, Al and S concentrations were determined in the range of 2%–3%, 0.23%–0.85%, up to 0.02%, 0.79%–2.01%, 0.01%–0.03% and 0.13%–0.43%, respectively. The trace element concentrations were determined in the range of 127–339 ppm, 86.7–265.30 ppm, 0.1–1.21 ppm, 13.5–453.20 ppm, 6.0–12.0 ppm, 14.0–82.0 ppm and 0.1–0.60 ppm for Mn, Sr, La, Ba, Ti, B and Se, respectively. Considering that the samples were taken from aspen leaves grown on the antimony mineralization, the concentrations of the antimonite element were determined above the detection limit in only a few sampling points in the study. But the concentrations of B, Mn, Sr, La of aspen (Populus Tremula L.) leaves are remarkable.","PeriodicalId":363659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography and Cartography","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121317517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study assessed the potential of sediment loading in Beteni, Lauruk, Andheri, and Harpan sub-watersheds of Phewa Lake and estimated the sediment yield in the year 2020. Morphometry, land use/land cover, geology, climate, and human and development factors of the sub-watersheds were studied to assess the potential of sediment loading in the sub-watersheds. SRTM DEM was used for the computation of morphometric parameters and land use/land cover maps were prepared by using Landsat imagery. Geology, rainfall data, census data, and road maps were collected from various secondary sources. The sediment yields of the four sub-watersheds in the year 2020 were estimated by measuring the sediment volume deposited in the sediment retention ponds at the outlet of each sub-watershed. Results indicated that Beteni had the highest potential for sediment loading, while Harpan had the lowest. Likewise, the sediment yields for Beteni, Lauruk, Andheri, and Harpan sub-watersheds in 2020 were estimated at 1,420.67 m3/km2/year, 2,280.14 m3/km2/year, 1,666.77 m3/km2/year, and 766.42 m3/km2/year, respectively. To reduce sedimentation in Phewa Lake, it is recommended to regularly maintain siltation dams and construct check dams along the drainage slopes, alongside other soil conservation measures and appropriate land use practices in the upstream areas of the sub-watersheds.
{"title":"Comparative study of sediment loading in sub-watersheds of Phewa Lake, Nepal","authors":"Bikesh Jojiju, R. Subedi","doi":"10.24294/jgc.v6i1.2184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/jgc.v6i1.2184","url":null,"abstract":"The present study assessed the potential of sediment loading in Beteni, Lauruk, Andheri, and Harpan sub-watersheds of Phewa Lake and estimated the sediment yield in the year 2020. Morphometry, land use/land cover, geology, climate, and human and development factors of the sub-watersheds were studied to assess the potential of sediment loading in the sub-watersheds. SRTM DEM was used for the computation of morphometric parameters and land use/land cover maps were prepared by using Landsat imagery. Geology, rainfall data, census data, and road maps were collected from various secondary sources. The sediment yields of the four sub-watersheds in the year 2020 were estimated by measuring the sediment volume deposited in the sediment retention ponds at the outlet of each sub-watershed. Results indicated that Beteni had the highest potential for sediment loading, while Harpan had the lowest. Likewise, the sediment yields for Beteni, Lauruk, Andheri, and Harpan sub-watersheds in 2020 were estimated at 1,420.67 m3/km2/year, 2,280.14 m3/km2/year, 1,666.77 m3/km2/year, and 766.42 m3/km2/year, respectively. To reduce sedimentation in Phewa Lake, it is recommended to regularly maintain siltation dams and construct check dams along the drainage slopes, alongside other soil conservation measures and appropriate land use practices in the upstream areas of the sub-watersheds.","PeriodicalId":363659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography and Cartography","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125627313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mehari Gebreyohannes Hiben, Admasu Gebeyehu Awoke, A. Ashenafi
In most studies on hydroclimatic variability and trend, the notion of change point detection analysis of time series data has not been considered. Understanding the system is crucial for managing water resources sustainably in the future since it denotes a change in the status quo. If this happened, it is difficult to distinguish the time series data’s rising or falling tendencies in various areas when we look at the trend analysis alone. This study’s primary goal was to describe, quantify, and confirm the homogeneity and change point detection of hydroclimatic variables, including mean annual, seasonal, and monthly rainfall, air temperature, and streamflow. The method was employed using the four-homogeneity test, i.e., Pettitt’s test, Buishand’s test, standard normal homogeneity test, and von Neumann ratio test at 5% significance level. In order to choose the homogenous stations, the test outputs were divided into three categories: “useful,” “doubtful,” and “suspect.” The results showed that most of the stations for annual rainfall and air temperature were homogenous. It is found that 68.8% and 56.2% of the air temperature and rainfall stations respectively, were classified as useful. Whereas, the streamflow stations were classified 100% as useful. Overall, the change point detection analyses timings were found at monthly, seasonal, and annual time scales. In the rainfall time series, no annual change points were detected. In the air temperature time series except at Edagahamus station, all stations experienced an increasing change point while the streamflow time series experienced a decreasing change point except at Agulai and Genfel hydro stations. While alterations in streamflow time series without a noticeable change in rainfall time series recommend the change is caused by variables besides rainfall. Most probably the observed abrupt alterations in streamflow could result from alterations in catchment characteristics like the subbasin’s land use and cover. These research findings offered important details on the homogeneity and change point detection of the research area’s air temperature, rainfall, and streamflow necessary for the planers, decision-makers, hydrologists, and engineers for a better water allocation strategy, impact assessment and trend analyses.
{"title":"Homogeneity and change point detection of hydroclimatic variables: A case study of the Ghba River Subbasin, Ethiopia","authors":"Mehari Gebreyohannes Hiben, Admasu Gebeyehu Awoke, A. Ashenafi","doi":"10.24294/jgc.v6i1.2010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/jgc.v6i1.2010","url":null,"abstract":"In most studies on hydroclimatic variability and trend, the notion of change point detection analysis of time series data has not been considered. Understanding the system is crucial for managing water resources sustainably in the future since it denotes a change in the status quo. If this happened, it is difficult to distinguish the time series data’s rising or falling tendencies in various areas when we look at the trend analysis alone. This study’s primary goal was to describe, quantify, and confirm the homogeneity and change point detection of hydroclimatic variables, including mean annual, seasonal, and monthly rainfall, air temperature, and streamflow. The method was employed using the four-homogeneity test, i.e., Pettitt’s test, Buishand’s test, standard normal homogeneity test, and von Neumann ratio test at 5% significance level. In order to choose the homogenous stations, the test outputs were divided into three categories: “useful,” “doubtful,” and “suspect.” The results showed that most of the stations for annual rainfall and air temperature were homogenous. It is found that 68.8% and 56.2% of the air temperature and rainfall stations respectively, were classified as useful. Whereas, the streamflow stations were classified 100% as useful. Overall, the change point detection analyses timings were found at monthly, seasonal, and annual time scales. In the rainfall time series, no annual change points were detected. In the air temperature time series except at Edagahamus station, all stations experienced an increasing change point while the streamflow time series experienced a decreasing change point except at Agulai and Genfel hydro stations. While alterations in streamflow time series without a noticeable change in rainfall time series recommend the change is caused by variables besides rainfall. Most probably the observed abrupt alterations in streamflow could result from alterations in catchment characteristics like the subbasin’s land use and cover. These research findings offered important details on the homogeneity and change point detection of the research area’s air temperature, rainfall, and streamflow necessary for the planers, decision-makers, hydrologists, and engineers for a better water allocation strategy, impact assessment and trend analyses.","PeriodicalId":363659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography and Cartography","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129410400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although dykes are a predominant and widely distributed phenomenon in S-Algeria, N-Mali and N-Niger, a systematic, standardized inventory of dykes covering these areas has not been published so far. Remote sensing and geo information system (GIS) tools offer an opportunity for such an inventory. This inventory is not only of interest for the mining industry as many dykes are related to mineral occurrence of economic value, but also for hydrogeologic investigations (dykes can form barriers for groundwater flow). Surface-near dykes, major fault zones, volcanic and structural features were digitized based on Landsat 8 and 9, Sentinel 2, Sentinel 1 and ALOS PALSAR data. High resolution images of World Imagery files/ESRI and Bing Maps Aerial/Microsoft were included into the evaluations. More than 14,000 dykes were digitized and analyzed. The evaluations of satellite images allow a geomorphologic differentiation of types of dykes and the description of their characteristics such as dyke swarms or ring dykes. Dykes are tracing zones of weakness like faults and zones with higher geomechanically strain. Dyke density calculations were carried out in ArcGIS to support the detection of dyke concentrations as stress indicator. Thus, when occurring concentrated, they might indicate stressed areas where further magmatic and earthquake activity might potentially happen in future.
{"title":"Inventory of dykes and their tectonic environment in S-Algeria, N-Mali and N-Niger based on a GIS embedded comparative analysis of remote sensing data","authors":"B. Theilen-Willige","doi":"10.24294/jgc.v6i1.2108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/jgc.v6i1.2108","url":null,"abstract":"Although dykes are a predominant and widely distributed phenomenon in S-Algeria, N-Mali and N-Niger, a systematic, standardized inventory of dykes covering these areas has not been published so far. Remote sensing and geo information system (GIS) tools offer an opportunity for such an inventory. This inventory is not only of interest for the mining industry as many dykes are related to mineral occurrence of economic value, but also for hydrogeologic investigations (dykes can form barriers for groundwater flow). Surface-near dykes, major fault zones, volcanic and structural features were digitized based on Landsat 8 and 9, Sentinel 2, Sentinel 1 and ALOS PALSAR data. High resolution images of World Imagery files/ESRI and Bing Maps Aerial/Microsoft were included into the evaluations. More than 14,000 dykes were digitized and analyzed. The evaluations of satellite images allow a geomorphologic differentiation of types of dykes and the description of their characteristics such as dyke swarms or ring dykes. Dykes are tracing zones of weakness like faults and zones with higher geomechanically strain. Dyke density calculations were carried out in ArcGIS to support the detection of dyke concentrations as stress indicator. Thus, when occurring concentrated, they might indicate stressed areas where further magmatic and earthquake activity might potentially happen in future.","PeriodicalId":363659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography and Cartography","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133667505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abrupt changes in environmental temperature, wind and humidity can lead to great threats to human life safety. The Gansu marathon disaster of China highlights the importance of early warning of hypothermia from extremely low apparent temperature (AT). Here a deep convolutional neural network model together with a statistical downscaling framework is developed to forecast environmental factors for 1 to 12 h in advance to evaluate the effectiveness of deep learning for AT prediction at 1 km resolution. The experiments use data for temperature, wind speed and relative humidity in ERA-5 and the results show that the developed deep learning model can predict the upcoming extreme low temperature AT event in the Gansu marathon region several hours in advance with better accuracy than climatological and persistence forecasting methods. The hypothermia time estimated by the deep learning method with a heat loss model agrees well with the observed estimation at 3-hour lead. Therefore, the developed deep learning forecasting method is effective for short-term AT prediction and hypothermia warnings at local areas.
{"title":"Extreme low apparent temperature forecasting for early warning of mortality by data-driven deep learning","authors":"Lei Xu, Hongchu Yu, Xihao Zhang, Yuan Gan","doi":"10.24294/jgc.v6i1.2065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/jgc.v6i1.2065","url":null,"abstract":"Abrupt changes in environmental temperature, wind and humidity can lead to great threats to human life safety. The Gansu marathon disaster of China highlights the importance of early warning of hypothermia from extremely low apparent temperature (AT). Here a deep convolutional neural network model together with a statistical downscaling framework is developed to forecast environmental factors for 1 to 12 h in advance to evaluate the effectiveness of deep learning for AT prediction at 1 km resolution. The experiments use data for temperature, wind speed and relative humidity in ERA-5 and the results show that the developed deep learning model can predict the upcoming extreme low temperature AT event in the Gansu marathon region several hours in advance with better accuracy than climatological and persistence forecasting methods. The hypothermia time estimated by the deep learning method with a heat loss model agrees well with the observed estimation at 3-hour lead. Therefore, the developed deep learning forecasting method is effective for short-term AT prediction and hypothermia warnings at local areas.","PeriodicalId":363659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography and Cartography","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124521725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karren and mass movements are described. Mass movements taking place on karren terrains are studied in case of bare karren and covered karren. Mass movements occur at rinnenkarren, grikes, Schichtfugenkarren, and tropical karren. This study describes that karren features increase the chance of the development of certain mass movements. It is approached in a theoretical way that in the case of different preconditions (e.g., change of slope angle), what kind of mass movements are triggered by different karren features. The most common mass movement is triggered by karren which are debris creep, gelisolifluction, rock avalanche, collapses, creep and solifluction.
{"title":"Mass movements of karren slopes","authors":"M. Veress","doi":"10.24294/jgc.v6i1.1770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/jgc.v6i1.1770","url":null,"abstract":"Karren and mass movements are described. Mass movements taking place on karren terrains are studied in case of bare karren and covered karren. Mass movements occur at rinnenkarren, grikes, Schichtfugenkarren, and tropical karren. This study describes that karren features increase the chance of the development of certain mass movements. It is approached in a theoretical way that in the case of different preconditions (e.g., change of slope angle), what kind of mass movements are triggered by different karren features. The most common mass movement is triggered by karren which are debris creep, gelisolifluction, rock avalanche, collapses, creep and solifluction.","PeriodicalId":363659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography and Cartography","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128292020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the enrichment of the major oxide, trace element/heavy metal and rare earth element contents of the rocks outcropping in Kısacık and its vicinity (Ayvacık-Çanakkale/Türkiye) were investigated. The rocks in the field were handled in 5 groups, and whole rock analyses were carried out for 22 samples collected representing these rock groups and Element Enrichment Factor (EEF) of the major oxide, trace element/heavy metal and rare earth element contents of the rocks were calculated. As a result, it was determined that the Kısacık volcanics were enriched in SiO2, Fe2O3, K2O, Be, Co, Cs, Th, U, W, La, Eu, Tm, Yb, Lu, Mo, As, Cd, Sb, Bi and Hg elements at a rate of >1 to >150 according to the upper crust values, and the Fe2O3, MgO, CaO, TiO2, P2O5, MnO, Cr, Sc, Co, Nb, Sr, Mo, Cu, Ni, Cad, Sb, Bi, V, Cu and Cd concentrations of the Ophiolitic Mélange were enriched in ratios ranging from >1 to >36 according to the upper crust values. It has been also observed that the listvenitic rocks in the Ophiolitic Mélange are enriched in Cr, Co, Ni, As and Hg elements compared to the upper crust. As to Kazdağ Group, MgO, CaO, K2O, MnO, Cr, Co, Ta, U, W, Mo, Cu, Ni, As and Cd were enriched. Listvenite were enriched in SiO2, Fe2O3, MgO, Mn, Cr, Co, Ni, As, Sb and Hg at a rate of >1 to >32 according to the upper crust values. When the rocks in the area were evaluated together, some oxides (e.g., CaO, MgO, Fe2O3, TiO2) and elements (e.g., Cr, Ni, Co) were enriched due to parental rock, while some oxides (e.g., SiO2, K2O and MnO) and elements (As, Sb, Hg) were enriched due to epigenic processes such as hydrothermal alteration and weathering.
本文研究了Kısacık及其附近(Ayvacık-Çanakkale/ t rkiye)露头岩石中主氧化物、微量元素/重金属和稀土元素的富集情况。对野外岩石进行5组处理，对代表这些岩石组的22个样品进行了全岩分析，计算了岩石中主要氧化物、微量元素/重金属和稀土元素的元素富集系数(EEF)。结果,它是确定Kı囊Kı火山岩是富含二氧化硅,Fe2O3、K2O,,有限公司Cs, Th, U, W,洛杉矶,欧盟、Tm, Yb,陆,莫,,Cd,某人,Bi和汞元素的速度> 1 > 150根据上流社会的价值观,和Fe2O3分别,曹,二氧化钛,P2O5、MnO, Cr、Sc,有限公司,Nb、Sr、钼、铜、镍、Cad、某人,Bi, V,铜和镉浓度的蛇绿混杂岩丰富比率从> 1 > 36根据上流社会的价值观。与上地壳相比，蛇绿质msamulange岩体中Cr、Co、Ni、As和Hg元素富集。卡兹达伊尔群富集了MgO、CaO、K2O、MnO、Cr、Co、Ta、U、W、Mo、Cu、Ni、As和Cd。听石中SiO2、Fe2O3、MgO、Mn、Cr、Co、Ni、As、Sb和Hg的富集速率为>1 ~ >32。综合评价发现，部分氧化物(CaO、MgO、Fe2O3、TiO2)和元素(Cr、Ni、Co)因母岩富集，部分氧化物(SiO2、K2O、MnO)和元素(As、Sb、Hg)因热液蚀变、风化等表生作用富集。
{"title":"An evaluation of elemental enrichment in rocks: In the case of Kısacık and its neighborhood (Ayvacık, Çanakkale/Türkiye)","authors":"A. Vural","doi":"10.24294/jgc.v6i1.1850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/jgc.v6i1.1850","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the enrichment of the major oxide, trace element/heavy metal and rare earth element contents of the rocks outcropping in Kısacık and its vicinity (Ayvacık-Çanakkale/Türkiye) were investigated. The rocks in the field were handled in 5 groups, and whole rock analyses were carried out for 22 samples collected representing these rock groups and Element Enrichment Factor (EEF) of the major oxide, trace element/heavy metal and rare earth element contents of the rocks were calculated. As a result, it was determined that the Kısacık volcanics were enriched in SiO2, Fe2O3, K2O, Be, Co, Cs, Th, U, W, La, Eu, Tm, Yb, Lu, Mo, As, Cd, Sb, Bi and Hg elements at a rate of >1 to >150 according to the upper crust values, and the Fe2O3, MgO, CaO, TiO2, P2O5, MnO, Cr, Sc, Co, Nb, Sr, Mo, Cu, Ni, Cad, Sb, Bi, V, Cu and Cd concentrations of the Ophiolitic Mélange were enriched in ratios ranging from >1 to >36 according to the upper crust values. It has been also observed that the listvenitic rocks in the Ophiolitic Mélange are enriched in Cr, Co, Ni, As and Hg elements compared to the upper crust. As to Kazdağ Group, MgO, CaO, K2O, MnO, Cr, Co, Ta, U, W, Mo, Cu, Ni, As and Cd were enriched. Listvenite were enriched in SiO2, Fe2O3, MgO, Mn, Cr, Co, Ni, As, Sb and Hg at a rate of >1 to >32 according to the upper crust values. When the rocks in the area were evaluated together, some oxides (e.g., CaO, MgO, Fe2O3, TiO2) and elements (e.g., Cr, Ni, Co) were enriched due to parental rock, while some oxides (e.g., SiO2, K2O and MnO) and elements (As, Sb, Hg) were enriched due to epigenic processes such as hydrothermal alteration and weathering.","PeriodicalId":363659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography and Cartography","volume":"32 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132286318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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