This article describes a classification tool to cluster SARAL/AltiKa waveforms. The tool was made using Python scripts. Radar altimetry systems (e.g., SARAL/AltiKa) measures the distance from the satellite centre to a target surface by calculating the satellite-to-surface round-trip time of a radar pulse. An altimeter waveform represents the energy reflected by the earth’s surface to the satellite antenna with respect to time. The tool clusters the altimetric waveforms data into desired groups. For the clustering, we used evolutionary minimize indexing function (EMIF) with k-means cluster mechanism. The idea was to develop a simple interface which takes the altimetry waveforms data from a folder as inputs and provides single value (using EMIF algorithm) for each waveform. These values are further used for clustering. This is a simple light weighted tool and user can easily interact with it.
{"title":"A brief demonstration of a tool for SARAL/AltiKa waveform clustering","authors":"Surajit Dutta, Suvajit Ghosh, P. Thakur","doi":"10.24294/jgc.v2i1.751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/jgc.v2i1.751","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes a classification tool to cluster SARAL/AltiKa waveforms. The tool was made using Python scripts. Radar altimetry systems (e.g., SARAL/AltiKa) measures the distance from the satellite centre to a target surface by calculating the satellite-to-surface round-trip time of a radar pulse. An altimeter waveform represents the energy reflected by the earth’s surface to the satellite antenna with respect to time. The tool clusters the altimetric waveforms data into desired groups. For the clustering, we used evolutionary minimize indexing function (EMIF) with k-means cluster mechanism. The idea was to develop a simple interface which takes the altimetry waveforms data from a folder as inputs and provides single value (using EMIF algorithm) for each waveform. These values are further used for clustering. This is a simple light weighted tool and user can easily interact with it.","PeriodicalId":363659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography and Cartography","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116202508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The techniques of seismic surveying, especially reflection seismic, considerably varied during last year’s. The contribution to this variation mainly came from the oil industry, which has developed the geophysical methods for oil searching. The basic techniques of seismic exploration consist of the generation of seismic waves artificially in the ground (source) and of the measurement of the requested times to cover the source-receiver path. Seismic data processing of three multichannel seismic profiles located in the Gulf of Naples for an overall length of 150 kilometers is herein presented. The techniques of seismic processing used for the elaboration of the seismic data are up-to-date. Some of them are based on complex mathematical models, allowing obtaining good velocity analysis for the production of stacked sections, ready to be interpreted. In this paper the procedures of processing of multichannel seismic data starting from the field data are shown. Sketch diagrams of the elaboration processes applied during several phases of the whole processing have been constructed. The used software are the Promax2D (Landmark Ltd.) and the Seismic Unix (Colorado School of Mines). The steps of the seismic data processes included the pre-processing, the sorting, the velocity analysis, the normal move-out (NMO), the stacking, the band-pass filtering, the multiple removals, the predictive de-convolution and the spiking de-convolution.
在过去的一年中，地震勘探技术，特别是反射地震勘探技术发生了很大的变化。对这种变化的贡献主要来自石油工业，石油工业发展了石油勘探的地球物理方法。地震勘探的基本技术包括在地面(震源)人工产生地震波和测量覆盖震源-接收路径所需的时间。本文介绍了位于那不勒斯湾总长度为150公里的三个多道地震剖面的地震资料处理。用于详细分析地震资料的地震处理技术是最新的。其中一些是基于复杂的数学模型，可以获得良好的速度分析，用于生产堆叠截面，准备进行解释。本文从现场资料出发，介绍了多道地震资料的处理方法。在整个加工过程的几个阶段中应用的精化过程的示意图已经构建。使用的软件是Promax2D (Landmark Ltd.)和Seismic Unix (Colorado School of Mines)。地震数据处理的步骤包括预处理、排序、速度分析、正常移出(NMO)、叠加、带通滤波、多重去除、预测反卷积和尖峰反卷积。
{"title":"Techniques and methods of seismic data processing in active volcanic areas: some applications to multichannel seismic profiles (Gulf of Naples, Southern Tyrrhenian sea, Italy)","authors":"A. Gemma","doi":"10.24294/JGC.V0I0.1101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/JGC.V0I0.1101","url":null,"abstract":"The techniques of seismic surveying, especially reflection seismic, considerably varied during last year’s. The contribution to this variation mainly came from the oil industry, which has developed the geophysical methods for oil searching. The basic techniques of seismic exploration consist of the generation of seismic waves artificially in the ground (source) and of the measurement of the requested times to cover the source-receiver path. Seismic data processing of three multichannel seismic profiles located in the Gulf of Naples for an overall length of 150 kilometers is herein presented. The techniques of seismic processing used for the elaboration of the seismic data are up-to-date. Some of them are based on complex mathematical models, allowing obtaining good velocity analysis for the production of stacked sections, ready to be interpreted. In this paper the procedures of processing of multichannel seismic data starting from the field data are shown. Sketch diagrams of the elaboration processes applied during several phases of the whole processing have been constructed. The used software are the Promax2D (Landmark Ltd.) and the Seismic Unix (Colorado School of Mines). The steps of the seismic data processes included the pre-processing, the sorting, the velocity analysis, the normal move-out (NMO), the stacking, the band-pass filtering, the multiple removals, the predictive de-convolution and the spiking de-convolution.","PeriodicalId":363659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography and Cartography","volume":"442 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122825334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Richard’s equation was approximated by finite-difference numerical scheme to model water infiltration profile in variably unsaturated soil. The published data of Philip’s semi-analytical solution was used to validate the simulated results from the numerical scheme. A discrepancy was found between the simulated and the published semi-analytical results. Morris method as a global sensitivity tool was used as an alternative to local sensitivity analysis to assess the results discrepancy. Morris method with different sampling strategies were tested, of which Manhattan distance method have resulted a better sensitivity measures and also a better scan of input space than Euclidean method. Moreover, Morris method at and Manhattan distance sampling strategy, with only 2 extra simulation runs than local sensitivity analysis, was able to produce reliable sensitivity measures ( , ). The sensitivity analysis results were cross-validated by Sobol’ variance-based method with 150,000 simulation runs. The global sensitivity tool has identified three important parameters, of which spatial discretization size was the sole reason of the discrepancy observed. In addition, a high proportion of total output variance contributed by parameters and is suggesting a greater significant digits is required to reduce its input uncertainty range.
{"title":"Morris method with improved sampling strategy and Sobol’ variance-based method, as validation tool on numerical model of Richard’s equation","authors":"Sunny Goh","doi":"10.24294/JGC.V2I1.763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/JGC.V2I1.763","url":null,"abstract":"Richard’s equation was approximated by finite-difference numerical scheme to model water infiltration profile in variably unsaturated soil. The published data of Philip’s semi-analytical solution was used to validate the simulated results from the numerical scheme. A discrepancy was found between the simulated and the published semi-analytical results. Morris method as a global sensitivity tool was used as an alternative to local sensitivity analysis to assess the results discrepancy. Morris method with different sampling strategies were tested, of which Manhattan distance method have resulted a better sensitivity measures and also a better scan of input space than Euclidean method. Moreover, Morris method at and Manhattan distance sampling strategy, with only 2 extra simulation runs than local sensitivity analysis, was able to produce reliable sensitivity measures ( , ). The sensitivity analysis results were cross-validated by Sobol’ variance-based method with 150,000 simulation runs. The global sensitivity tool has identified three important parameters, of which spatial discretization size was the sole reason of the discrepancy observed. In addition, a high proportion of total output variance contributed by parameters and is suggesting a greater significant digits is required to reduce its input uncertainty range.","PeriodicalId":363659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography and Cartography","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131860174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Karimi, Meysam Madadi, Sara Abdollahi, K. Ostad‑Ali‑Askari, S. Eslamian, V. Singh
Fire is one of the most serious hazards, which causes many economic, social, ecological, and human damages every year in the world. Fire in forests and natural ecosystems destroys wood, regeneration, forest vegetation, as well as soil erosion and forest regeneration problems (due to the dryness of the weather and the weakness of the soil). Awareness of the extent of the zones that have been fired is important for forest management. On the other hand, the difficulty of fieldwork due to the high cost and inaccessible roads, etc. reveals the need for using remote sensing science to solve this problem. In this research, MODIS satellite images were used to detect and determine the fire extent of Golestan province forests in northern Iran. MID13q1 and MOD13q1 images were used to detect the normal conditions of the environment. The 15-year time series data were provided for the NDVI and NDMI indicators in 2000-2015. Then, the behavior of indicators in the fire zone was studied on the day after the fire. The burned zones by the fire were specified by determining the appropriate threshold and then, they were compared to long-term normals. In the NDMI and NDVI indicators, the mean of the numeric value threshold limit for determining the burnt pixels was respectively 1.865 and 0.743 of the reduction in their normal long-term period, which are selected as fire pixels. The results showed that the NDMI index could determine the extent of the burned zone with the accuracy of 95.15%.
{"title":"Determination of Fire Extent in Forest Zones Using Remote Sensing Data Case Study: Golestan Province of Iran","authors":"A. Karimi, Meysam Madadi, Sara Abdollahi, K. Ostad‑Ali‑Askari, S. Eslamian, V. Singh","doi":"10.24294/JGC.V2I1.753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/JGC.V2I1.753","url":null,"abstract":"Fire is one of the most serious hazards, which causes many economic, social, ecological, and human damages every year in the world. Fire in forests and natural ecosystems destroys wood, regeneration, forest vegetation, as well as soil erosion and forest regeneration problems (due to the dryness of the weather and the weakness of the soil). Awareness of the extent of the zones that have been fired is important for forest management. On the other hand, the difficulty of fieldwork due to the high cost and inaccessible roads, etc. reveals the need for using remote sensing science to solve this problem. In this research, MODIS satellite images were used to detect and determine the fire extent of Golestan province forests in northern Iran. MID13q1 and MOD13q1 images were used to detect the normal conditions of the environment. The 15-year time series data were provided for the NDVI and NDMI indicators in 2000-2015. Then, the behavior of indicators in the fire zone was studied on the day after the fire. The burned zones by the fire were specified by determining the appropriate threshold and then, they were compared to long-term normals. In the NDMI and NDVI indicators, the mean of the numeric value threshold limit for determining the burnt pixels was respectively 1.865 and 0.743 of the reduction in their normal long-term period, which are selected as fire pixels. The results showed that the NDMI index could determine the extent of the burned zone with the accuracy of 95.15%.","PeriodicalId":363659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography and Cartography","volume":"171 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130232852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present study, friction damper an energy dissipating passive device is explored to reduce the response of open ground storey building under lateral loading due to earthquake. This damper is installed in the selected bays of open ground storey so that the response is reduced. The masonry infill wall is macro-modeled in the form of compression only diagonal members. Three different types of bracing system were installed along with Pall friction damper – single diagonal tension – compression brace with friction damper, tension only cross brace with friction damper and chevron brace with friction damper were modeled using Wen’s plastic link element in SAP2000. G+4 storey buildings were analyzed using nonlinear time history analysis. The storey displacement and interstorey drift for all the cases were compared in the study.
{"title":"Earthquake Response Control of Ground Soft Storey","authors":"Sakshi A Manchalwar","doi":"10.24294/JGC.V2I1.564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/JGC.V2I1.564","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, friction damper an energy dissipating passive device is explored to reduce the response of open ground storey building under lateral loading due to earthquake. This damper is installed in the selected bays of open ground storey so that the response is reduced. The masonry infill wall is macro-modeled in the form of compression only diagonal members. Three different types of bracing system were installed along with Pall friction damper – single diagonal tension – compression brace with friction damper, tension only cross brace with friction damper and chevron brace with friction damper were modeled using Wen’s plastic link element in SAP2000. G+4 storey buildings were analyzed using nonlinear time history analysis. The storey displacement and interstorey drift for all the cases were compared in the study.","PeriodicalId":363659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography and Cartography","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124625743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Karimi, Sara Abdollahi, K. Ostad‑Ali‑Askari, S. Eslamian, V. Singh
Every year, hundreds of fires occur in the forests and rangelands across the world and damage thousands hectare of trees, shrubs, and plants which cause environmental and economical damages. This study aims to establish a real time forest fire alert system for better forest management and monitoring in Golestan Province. In this study, in order to prepare fire hazard maps, the required layers were produced based on fire data in Golestan forests and MODIS sensor data.At first, the natural fire data was divided into two categories of training and test samples randomly. Then, the vegetation moisture stresses and greenness were considered using six indexes of NDVI, MSI, WDVI, OSAVI, GVMI and NDWI in natural fire area of training category on the day before fire occurrence and a long period of 15 years, and the risk threshold of the parameters was considered in addition to selecting the best spectral index of vegetation. Finally, the model output was validated for fire occurrences of the test category. The results showed the possibility of prediction of fire site before occurrence of fire with more than 80 percent accuracy.
{"title":"Predicting Fire Hazard Areas Using Vegetation Indexes, Case Study: Forests of Golestan Province, Iran","authors":"A. Karimi, Sara Abdollahi, K. Ostad‑Ali‑Askari, S. Eslamian, V. Singh","doi":"10.24294/JGC.V2I1.451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/JGC.V2I1.451","url":null,"abstract":"Every year, hundreds of fires occur in the forests and rangelands across the world and damage thousands hectare of trees, shrubs, and plants which cause environmental and economical damages. This study aims to establish a real time forest fire alert system for better forest management and monitoring in Golestan Province. In this study, in order to prepare fire hazard maps, the required layers were produced based on fire data in Golestan forests and MODIS sensor data.At first, the natural fire data was divided into two categories of training and test samples randomly. Then, the vegetation moisture stresses and greenness were considered using six indexes of NDVI, MSI, WDVI, OSAVI, GVMI and NDWI in natural fire area of training category on the day before fire occurrence and a long period of 15 years, and the risk threshold of the parameters was considered in addition to selecting the best spectral index of vegetation. Finally, the model output was validated for fire occurrences of the test category. The results showed the possibility of prediction of fire site before occurrence of fire with more than 80 percent accuracy.","PeriodicalId":363659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography and Cartography","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131258955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marine geological maps of the Campania region have been constructed both to 1:25.000 and to a 1:10.000 scales in the frame of research projects financed by the Italian National Geological Survey, focusing, in particular, on the Gulf of Naples (Southern Tyrrhenian sea), a complex volcanic area where volcanic and sedimentary processes strongly interacted during the Late Quaternary and on the Cilento Promontory offshore. In this paper the examples of the geological sheets n. 464 “Isola di Ischia” and n. 502 “Agropoli” have been studied. The integration of the geological maps with the seismo-stratigraphic setting of the study areas has also been performed based on the realization of interpreted seismic profiles, providing interesting data on the geological setting of the subsurface. The coastal geological sedimentation has been studied in detail in the Ischia and Agropoli offshore. The mapped geological units are represented by: i) the rocky units of the acoustic basement (volcanic and/or sedimentary), ii) the deposits of the littoral environment, including the deposits of submerged beach and the deposits of toe of coastal cliff, iii) the deposits of the inner shelf environment, including the inner shelf deposits and the bioclastic deposits, iv) the deposits of the outer shelf environment, including the clastic deposits and the bioclastic deposits, v) the Lowstand System Tract, vi) the Pleistocene relict marine units, vii) different volcanic units, Pleistocene in age. The seismo-stratigraphic data, coupled with the sedimentological and environmental data provided by the geological maps, allow to give new insights on the geologic evolution of this area during the Late Quaternary.
在意大利国家地质调查局资助的研究项目框架内，坎帕尼亚地区的海洋地质图以1:25.000和1:10.000的比例绘制，特别关注那不勒斯湾(南第勒尼安海)，这是一个复杂的火山地区，火山和沉积过程在晚第四纪和Cilento海岬强烈相互作用。本文以第464号“Isola di Ischia”和第502号“Agropoli”地质薄片为例进行了研究。在实现地震剖面解释的基础上，将地质图与研究区地震地层背景进行了整合，为研究区地下地质背景提供了有趣的数据。本文详细研究了伊斯基亚和阿格罗斯波利海域的海岸地质沉积。已绘制的地质单元表示为:i)声基的岩石单元(火山和/或沉积)，ii)沿海环境的沉积物，包括淹没海滩的沉积物和海岸悬崖尖的沉积物，iii)内陆架环境的沉积物，包括内陆架沉积物和生物碎屑沉积物，iv)外陆架环境的沉积物，包括碎屑沉积物和生物碎屑沉积物，v)低地体系域，vi)更新世的海洋残体单元，7)不同的火山单元，年龄为更新世。地震地层资料与地质图提供的沉积学和环境资料相结合，使我们对该地区晚第四纪的地质演化有了新的认识。
{"title":"Marine geological maps of the Campania Region (Southern Tyrrhenian sea, Italy): considerations and contributions to a different scale of geological survey","authors":"G. Aiello","doi":"10.24294/JGC.V1I3.507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/JGC.V1I3.507","url":null,"abstract":"Marine geological maps of the Campania region have been constructed both to 1:25.000 and to a 1:10.000 scales in the frame of research projects financed by the Italian National Geological Survey, focusing, in particular, on the Gulf of Naples (Southern Tyrrhenian sea), a complex volcanic area where volcanic and sedimentary processes strongly interacted during the Late Quaternary and on the Cilento Promontory offshore. In this paper the examples of the geological sheets n. 464 “Isola di Ischia” and n. 502 “Agropoli” have been studied. The integration of the geological maps with the seismo-stratigraphic setting of the study areas has also been performed based on the realization of interpreted seismic profiles, providing interesting data on the geological setting of the subsurface. The coastal geological sedimentation has been studied in detail in the Ischia and Agropoli offshore. The mapped geological units are represented by: i) the rocky units of the acoustic basement (volcanic and/or sedimentary), ii) the deposits of the littoral environment, including the deposits of submerged beach and the deposits of toe of coastal cliff, iii) the deposits of the inner shelf environment, including the inner shelf deposits and the bioclastic deposits, iv) the deposits of the outer shelf environment, including the clastic deposits and the bioclastic deposits, v) the Lowstand System Tract, vi) the Pleistocene relict marine units, vii) different volcanic units, Pleistocene in age. The seismo-stratigraphic data, coupled with the sedimentological and environmental data provided by the geological maps, allow to give new insights on the geologic evolution of this area during the Late Quaternary. ","PeriodicalId":363659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography and Cartography","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115910163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shoreline change is considered as one of the most dynamic process, which was mapped along the coast of Tiruvallur district by using topographic maps of 1976 and multi-temporal satellite images. The satellite images were pertaining to 1988, 1991, 2006, 2010, 2013 and 2016 which were used to extract the shorelines. It is important to map and monitor the HTL (High Tide line) at frequent time interval as it considered as shoreline, which was demarcated by using visual interpretation technique from satellite images and topographic maps. Followed by this, an overlay analysis was performed to calculate areas of erosion and accretion in the study area. The results revealed that the coast of Tiruvallur district lost 603 ha and gained 630 ha due to erosion and accretion respectively. It was confirmed after the ground truth survey carried out in the study area. The high accretion of 178 ha was found nearby Pulicat Lake and low accretion of 19 ha seen between Pulicat lake to Kattupali port. The high erosion area was found along the Pulicat lake, Kattupali and Ennore ports, and Ennore creek mouth and south of Ennore such as Periya Kuppam, Chinna Kuppam, Kasi Koil Kuppam, and Thyagarajapuram. It may be concluded that the main causes of coastal erosion and accretion in the study area are anthropogenic and natural factors, which alter the coastal environment.
{"title":"Analysis of shoreline changes along the coast of Tiruvallur district, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"K. Jayakumar","doi":"10.24294/JGC.V1I3.764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/JGC.V1I3.764","url":null,"abstract":"Shoreline change is considered as one of the most dynamic process, which was mapped along the coast of Tiruvallur district by using topographic maps of 1976 and multi-temporal satellite images. The satellite images were pertaining to 1988, 1991, 2006, 2010, 2013 and 2016 which were used to extract the shorelines. It is important to map and monitor the HTL (High Tide line) at frequent time interval as it considered as shoreline, which was demarcated by using visual interpretation technique from satellite images and topographic maps. Followed by this, an overlay analysis was performed to calculate areas of erosion and accretion in the study area. The results revealed that the coast of Tiruvallur district lost 603 ha and gained 630 ha due to erosion and accretion respectively. It was confirmed after the ground truth survey carried out in the study area. The high accretion of 178 ha was found nearby Pulicat Lake and low accretion of 19 ha seen between Pulicat lake to Kattupali port. The high erosion area was found along the Pulicat lake, Kattupali and Ennore ports, and Ennore creek mouth and south of Ennore such as Periya Kuppam, Chinna Kuppam, Kasi Koil Kuppam, and Thyagarajapuram. It may be concluded that the main causes of coastal erosion and accretion in the study area are anthropogenic and natural factors, which alter the coastal environment. ","PeriodicalId":363659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography and Cartography","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132822172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A number of important optimization problems have been classified as mapping applied towards segmentation of important features. The segmentation of important features can be formulated as configurational mapping problems by representing mapping configurations as solutions to problems of interest. One example of such configuration mapping is found in image segmentation where an image can be represented as unique subsets of a complete image and then evolved through mapping to become a segment of specific interest within an image. An effective segmentation mapping algorithm must determine the specific image subsets of an image field that best exhibit an a priori set of quantitative and qualitative characteristics. In this paper, a Genetic Optimization Mapping Algorithm is used to produce a population of sub-images, characteristic of specific image subsets of interest that were tested via a quantitative objective function, ranked using a linear fitness scheme, and modified using a genetic Crossover operator. The mapping algorithm is found to converge, within fifty to one hundred generations of maps, to a good fit to the targeted mapping configuration in a very robust and efficient manner.
{"title":"Genetic optimization mapping applied to medical image segmentation","authors":"P. Cornely","doi":"10.24294/JGC.V1I3.830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/JGC.V1I3.830","url":null,"abstract":"A number of important optimization problems have been classified as mapping applied towards segmentation of important features. The segmentation of important features can be formulated as configurational mapping problems by representing mapping configurations as solutions to problems of interest. One example of such configuration mapping is found in image segmentation where an image can be represented as unique subsets of a complete image and then evolved through mapping to become a segment of specific interest within an image. An effective segmentation mapping algorithm must determine the specific image subsets of an image field that best exhibit an a priori set of quantitative and qualitative characteristics. In this paper, a Genetic Optimization Mapping Algorithm is used to produce a population of sub-images, characteristic of specific image subsets of interest that were tested via a quantitative objective function, ranked using a linear fitness scheme, and modified using a genetic Crossover operator. The mapping algorithm is found to converge, within fifty to one hundred generations of maps, to a good fit to the targeted mapping configuration in a very robust and efficient manner.","PeriodicalId":363659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography and Cartography","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127167631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The changes in the magnetic flux generated (electric, magnetic and electromagnetic waves) on the surface of earth due to sudden changes is a matter of discussion. These emissions occur along the fault line generated due to geological and tectonic processes. When sudden changes occur in the environment due to seismic and atmospheric variations, these sensing was observed by creatures and human bodies because the animals and trees adopt the abnormal signals and change the behavior. We have analyzed the changing behavior of recorded signal by live sensors (i.e. banyan tree). So we use the deep rooted and long age’s banyan tree. Banyan tree (long ages) in which root has been working as a live sensor and record the geological and environmental changes. We record the low frequency signals which propagated through solar-terrestrial environment affect directly the root system of the banyan tree and changes has been observed by live sensors. Then, VLF signal ma(y propagate to the earth-ionosphere waveguide. We have also analyzed the different parameters of live cells which is inbuilt in latex of the tree, so we record the dielectric parameters of green stem latex and found some parameters i.e., dielectric constant (ε) and dielectric loss (ε’) of various trees to verify these natural hazards and found good correlation. Therefore, we can say by regularly monitoring the bio-potential signal and dielectric properties of banyan tree we can able to find the precursory signature of seismic hazards and environmental changes.
{"title":"STUDY THE BIOPOTENTIAL PARAMETER FOR DETECTION OF SEISMIC AND ENVIORNMENTAL CHANGES IN INDIAN REGION","authors":"R.K.Tiwari, Vinod Kushwah","doi":"10.24294/JGC.V1I3.765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24294/JGC.V1I3.765","url":null,"abstract":"The changes in the magnetic flux generated (electric, magnetic and electromagnetic waves) on the surface of earth due to sudden changes is a matter of discussion. These emissions occur along the fault line generated due to geological and tectonic processes. When sudden changes occur in the environment due to seismic and atmospheric variations, these sensing was observed by creatures and human bodies because the animals and trees adopt the abnormal signals and change the behavior. We have analyzed the changing behavior of recorded signal by live sensors (i.e. banyan tree). So we use the deep rooted and long age’s banyan tree. Banyan tree (long ages) in which root has been working as a live sensor and record the geological and environmental changes. We record the low frequency signals which propagated through solar-terrestrial environment affect directly the root system of the banyan tree and changes has been observed by live sensors. Then, VLF signal ma(y propagate to the earth-ionosphere waveguide. We have also analyzed the different parameters of live cells which is inbuilt in latex of the tree, so we record the dielectric parameters of green stem latex and found some parameters i.e., dielectric constant (ε) and dielectric loss (ε’) of various trees to verify these natural hazards and found good correlation. Therefore, we can say by regularly monitoring the bio-potential signal and dielectric properties of banyan tree we can able to find the precursory signature of seismic hazards and environmental changes.","PeriodicalId":363659,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geography and Cartography","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126326800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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