Pub Date : 2024-02-23DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v8i2.694
Khairi Mahmoud H Al-Sababha
The objective of this study was to design a booklet supported by QR codes and assess its impact on cognitive achievement and the acquisition of gymnastics skills (front ball roll, ball back roll, and handstand). Technological applications play a crucial role in enhancing the teaching and learning experience. The study was conducted on 30 students from the College of Physical and Sports Sciences at the Hashemite University in Jordan. The participants were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group, with 15 students in each group. The results of the study revealed that the experimental group, which utilized the QR Code-supported booklet, exhibited significantly higher scores and greater improvements compared to the control group. The experimental group demonstrated higher average scores in cognitive achievement and specific gymnastics skills, including forward roll, back roll, and handstand. The differences in improvement rates between the experimental and control groups were also notable. In this study, the intervention of the booklet with QR codes clearly improved the learning outcomes for the experimental group in terms of cognitive achievement and the learning of gymnastics skills (P < 0.05). Overall, this study highlights the positive impact of integrating QR codes into educational materials and processes. It suggests that the use of QR codes can be a valuable technological tool for improving learning outcomes and fostering student engagement. Furthermore, the study provides insights into future trends and possibilities for utilizing QR codes in educational settings.
本研究的目的是设计一本由二维码支持的小册子，并评估其对认知成就和掌握体操技能（前滚翻、后滚翻和倒立）的影响。技术应用在提升教学体验方面发挥着至关重要的作用。这项研究的对象是约旦哈希姆大学体育运动科学学院的 30 名学生。参与者被随机分为实验组和对照组，每组 15 人。研究结果显示，与对照组相比，使用 QR 码支持的小册子的实验组得分明显更高，进步更大。实验组在认知成就和特定体操技能（包括前滚翻、后滚翻和倒立）方面的平均得分更高。实验组和对照组的进步率差异也很明显。在本研究中，带有二维码的小册子明显改善了实验组在认知成就和体操技能学习方面的学习成果（P < 0.05）。总之，本研究强调了将二维码融入教材和教学过程的积极影响。它表明，二维码的使用可以成为一种有价值的技术工具，用于提高学习效果和促进学生参与。此外，本研究还为在教育环境中使用二维码的未来趋势和可能性提供了见解。
{"title":"The effect of using a QR code-enhanced brochure on students' knowledge and skill learning outcomes","authors":"Khairi Mahmoud H Al-Sababha","doi":"10.55214/25768484.v8i2.694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55214/25768484.v8i2.694","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to design a booklet supported by QR codes and assess its impact on cognitive achievement and the acquisition of gymnastics skills (front ball roll, ball back roll, and handstand). Technological applications play a crucial role in enhancing the teaching and learning experience. The study was conducted on 30 students from the College of Physical and Sports Sciences at the Hashemite University in Jordan. The participants were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group, with 15 students in each group. The results of the study revealed that the experimental group, which utilized the QR Code-supported booklet, exhibited significantly higher scores and greater improvements compared to the control group. The experimental group demonstrated higher average scores in cognitive achievement and specific gymnastics skills, including forward roll, back roll, and handstand. The differences in improvement rates between the experimental and control groups were also notable. In this study, the intervention of the booklet with QR codes clearly improved the learning outcomes for the experimental group in terms of cognitive achievement and the learning of gymnastics skills (P < 0.05). Overall, this study highlights the positive impact of integrating QR codes into educational materials and processes. It suggests that the use of QR codes can be a valuable technological tool for improving learning outcomes and fostering student engagement. Furthermore, the study provides insights into future trends and possibilities for utilizing QR codes in educational settings.","PeriodicalId":36430,"journal":{"name":"Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology","volume":"4 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140436187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this study is to investigate the adoption of met-averse education in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, by employing the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as the foundational theoretical framework. Metaverse education, utilizing immersive and interactive virtual environments for educational objectives, is an innovative and auspicious methodology in the contemporary digital realm. Data collection was conducted via judgmental sampling. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used for the analysis. The results suggest a significant and positive impact of Consumer Intention (CI) on the practical use (AU) of the met-averse in the field of education. Furthermore, the factors of Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC), Subjective Norm (SN), and Perceived Value strongly influenced Consumer Intention (CI) in a positive manner. Moreover, Emotional Value (EV) and Social Value (SV) had a substantial impact on the Perceived Value (PV) of using the metaverse in educational contexts. Nevertheless, the lack of statistical significance in the relationship between Attitude towards Behavior (ATB) and Consumer Intention (CI) is recognized. This research not only addresses a significant gap in the theory of IS literature but also offers valuable insights for educators, policymakers, and developers. If you really understand the things that make people open to metaverse education, you can make big changes to plans and actions that are used to successfully add metaverse education to the regular school setting, especially in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
{"title":"Are we ready for education in Metaverse? PLS-SEM analysis","authors":"Binh Hai Thi Nguyen, Tri-Quan Dang, Luan-Thanh Nguyen, Thuy-Thanh Thi Tran","doi":"10.55214/25768484.v8i2.693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55214/25768484.v8i2.693","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study is to investigate the adoption of met-averse education in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, by employing the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as the foundational theoretical framework. Metaverse education, utilizing immersive and interactive virtual environments for educational objectives, is an innovative and auspicious methodology in the contemporary digital realm. Data collection was conducted via judgmental sampling. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used for the analysis. The results suggest a significant and positive impact of Consumer Intention (CI) on the practical use (AU) of the met-averse in the field of education. Furthermore, the factors of Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC), Subjective Norm (SN), and Perceived Value strongly influenced Consumer Intention (CI) in a positive manner. Moreover, Emotional Value (EV) and Social Value (SV) had a substantial impact on the Perceived Value (PV) of using the metaverse in educational contexts. Nevertheless, the lack of statistical significance in the relationship between Attitude towards Behavior (ATB) and Consumer Intention (CI) is recognized. This research not only addresses a significant gap in the theory of IS literature but also offers valuable insights for educators, policymakers, and developers. If you really understand the things that make people open to metaverse education, you can make big changes to plans and actions that are used to successfully add metaverse education to the regular school setting, especially in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.","PeriodicalId":36430,"journal":{"name":"Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology","volume":"11 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140436341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-20DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v8i2.672
Nur Syuhada Jasni, Amirah Zulkifli
This paper delves into the role of contextual factors, specifically examining how sector risks interact with the relationship between ESG and financial returns in Malaysian companies. ESG practice integration into business strategies has gained momentum, but understanding the link between ESG and financial performance remains complex. Utilising ESG data from 2019 to 2021 and corresponding financial data lagged by one year, this study analysed the impact of overall and pillar-specific ESG scores on financial returns across sectors categorised as high, medium, and low risk. The findings highlight the critical role of sector risk as a moderating variable. The high-risk sector has strong governance initiatives that bolster financial performance, while social initiatives showed mixed effects. Governance efforts become strategic advantages in high-risk sectors by mitigating risks and attracting investors. Conversely, the medium-risk sector witnessed a positive association between social initiatives and returns, but other ESG factors exhibited varied impacts. Notably, the low-risk sector exhibited minimal links between ESG and financial performance, with certain factors displaying negative tendencies. This suggests that the financial impact of ESG practices is not uniform and instead varies dramatically depending on the risk profile of the sector. While the insights generated by this research are valuable, it is crucial to acknowledge certain limitations, such as a modest sample size and potential influences from the COVID-19 pandemic. By elucidating sector-specific variations, this study empowers companies to strategically align their ESG initiatives with their risk profiles and achieve optimal financial outcomes.
{"title":"The moderating role of sector risk in the relationship between ESG and financial performance: Evidence from top companies in Malaysia","authors":"Nur Syuhada Jasni, Amirah Zulkifli","doi":"10.55214/25768484.v8i2.672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55214/25768484.v8i2.672","url":null,"abstract":"This paper delves into the role of contextual factors, specifically examining how sector risks interact with the relationship between ESG and financial returns in Malaysian companies. ESG practice integration into business strategies has gained momentum, but understanding the link between ESG and financial performance remains complex. Utilising ESG data from 2019 to 2021 and corresponding financial data lagged by one year, this study analysed the impact of overall and pillar-specific ESG scores on financial returns across sectors categorised as high, medium, and low risk. The findings highlight the critical role of sector risk as a moderating variable. The high-risk sector has strong governance initiatives that bolster financial performance, while social initiatives showed mixed effects. Governance efforts become strategic advantages in high-risk sectors by mitigating risks and attracting investors. Conversely, the medium-risk sector witnessed a positive association between social initiatives and returns, but other ESG factors exhibited varied impacts. Notably, the low-risk sector exhibited minimal links between ESG and financial performance, with certain factors displaying negative tendencies. This suggests that the financial impact of ESG practices is not uniform and instead varies dramatically depending on the risk profile of the sector. While the insights generated by this research are valuable, it is crucial to acknowledge certain limitations, such as a modest sample size and potential influences from the COVID-19 pandemic. By elucidating sector-specific variations, this study empowers companies to strategically align their ESG initiatives with their risk profiles and achieve optimal financial outcomes.","PeriodicalId":36430,"journal":{"name":"Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology","volume":"77 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140447860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-27DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v8i1.413
Azzril bin Jamil, R. Johari, Arumega Zarefar, Melissa Mam Yudi
Bank Negara Malaysia has imposed the requirement to report suspicious transactions to all financial institutions in Malaysia, including money services businesses. The requirement was codified in the Anti-Money Laundering, Anti-Terrorism Financing, and Proceeds of Unlawful Activities Act 2001, and failure to comply with the requirement can amount to a severe financial penalty. However, a few reported cases against the money services business due to failure to report suspicious transactions had shaken the public's confidence and had a huge adverse impact on the credibility and integrity of the money services business. This study is conducted to examine the factors that could influence suspicious transaction reporting, namely knowledge, training, and customer due diligence. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25 software was used for analysis of the data, which were collected by sending questionnaires to 163 money laundering reporting officers currently working with money services businesses in Malaysia. The results revealed that knowledge and training had a significant positive effect on suspicious transaction reporting decisions, but not customer due diligence. The results from this study could be used by the trade association and Bank Negara Malaysia in developing an evocative competency development program for money laundering reporting officers in Malaysia. These findings would also benefit money laundering reporting officers, money services businesses, and academia. Limitations and recommendations for future research are discussed.
{"title":"An analysis of suspicious transaction reporting decisions in Malaysia’s money services business","authors":"Azzril bin Jamil, R. Johari, Arumega Zarefar, Melissa Mam Yudi","doi":"10.55214/25768484.v8i1.413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55214/25768484.v8i1.413","url":null,"abstract":"Bank Negara Malaysia has imposed the requirement to report suspicious transactions to all financial institutions in Malaysia, including money services businesses. The requirement was codified in the Anti-Money Laundering, Anti-Terrorism Financing, and Proceeds of Unlawful Activities Act 2001, and failure to comply with the requirement can amount to a severe financial penalty. However, a few reported cases against the money services business due to failure to report suspicious transactions had shaken the public's confidence and had a huge adverse impact on the credibility and integrity of the money services business. This study is conducted to examine the factors that could influence suspicious transaction reporting, namely knowledge, training, and customer due diligence. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25 software was used for analysis of the data, which were collected by sending questionnaires to 163 money laundering reporting officers currently working with money services businesses in Malaysia. The results revealed that knowledge and training had a significant positive effect on suspicious transaction reporting decisions, but not customer due diligence. The results from this study could be used by the trade association and Bank Negara Malaysia in developing an evocative competency development program for money laundering reporting officers in Malaysia. These findings would also benefit money laundering reporting officers, money services businesses, and academia. Limitations and recommendations for future research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":36430,"journal":{"name":"Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology","volume":"1 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139153780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-27DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v8i1.415
N. Samad, Noor Hazlina Ahmad, Rina Fadhilah Ismail
This study investigates the effect of social entrepreneurial orientation (SEO) on social value for nonprofit organisations (NPOs). SEO denotes a behavioural orientation and embodies a strategic entrepreneurial stance at the organisational level. NPOs practice SEO to ensure organisational sustainability due to resource constraints, especially during crises. The researchers gathered data from 159 NPOs registered under the Registrar of Society (ROS) in Malaysia through a survey questionnaire amid the global COVID-19 pandemic. For data analysis, we employed IBM SPSS 27 to gather organisational profiles. This study used the variance-based structural equation modelling approach via SMART PLS for hypothesis testing. This study treats SEO as a higher-order construct comprising five first-order dimensions of innovativeness, proactiveness, risk management, effectual orientation, and social mission orientation. The study's findings reveal that SEO significantly and positively influences social value, indicating that SEO improves the social service delivery of NPOs. This study contributes to the nonprofit literature by providing empirical evidence from the social resource-based view (SRBV) theory of the role of SEO on social value, specifically during the crisis. By understanding the role of SEO in value creation, NPOs and regulatory authorities can formulate more precise and impactful strategies to augment the social value of NPOs. Consequently, when NPOs remain sustained, they can continuously provide services to the affected and vulnerable community.
本研究探讨了社会创业导向（SEO）对非营利组织（NPO）社会价值的影响。社会创业导向是一种行为导向，体现了组织层面的战略创业立场。非营利组织由于资源有限，尤其是在危机时期，因此会采用 SEO 来确保组织的可持续发展。在全球 COVID-19 大流行的背景下，研究人员通过调查问卷收集了 159 家在马来西亚社会注册处（ROS）注册的非营利组织的数据。在数据分析方面，我们使用了 IBM SPSS 27 来收集组织概况。本研究采用基于方差的结构方程模型法，通过 SMART PLS 进行假设检验。本研究将 SEO 视为一个高阶结构，由创新性、主动性、风险管理、效果导向和社会使命导向五个一阶维度组成。研究结果表明，SEO 对社会价值有显著的正向影响，表明 SEO 可以改善非营利组织的社会服务提供。本研究从基于社会资源的视角（SRBV）理论出发，为 SEO 对社会价值的作用（尤其是在危机期间）提供了实证证据，从而为非营利文献做出了贡献。通过了解 SEO 在价值创造中的作用，非营利组织和监管机构可以制定更精确、更有影响力的战略，以提高非营利组织的社会价值。因此，当 NPO 保持持续发展时，它们就能不断为受影响的弱势群体提供服务。
{"title":"Social entrepreneurial orientation and social value of nonprofit organisation during crises","authors":"N. Samad, Noor Hazlina Ahmad, Rina Fadhilah Ismail","doi":"10.55214/25768484.v8i1.415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55214/25768484.v8i1.415","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the effect of social entrepreneurial orientation (SEO) on social value for nonprofit organisations (NPOs). SEO denotes a behavioural orientation and embodies a strategic entrepreneurial stance at the organisational level. NPOs practice SEO to ensure organisational sustainability due to resource constraints, especially during crises. The researchers gathered data from 159 NPOs registered under the Registrar of Society (ROS) in Malaysia through a survey questionnaire amid the global COVID-19 pandemic. For data analysis, we employed IBM SPSS 27 to gather organisational profiles. This study used the variance-based structural equation modelling approach via SMART PLS for hypothesis testing. This study treats SEO as a higher-order construct comprising five first-order dimensions of innovativeness, proactiveness, risk management, effectual orientation, and social mission orientation. The study's findings reveal that SEO significantly and positively influences social value, indicating that SEO improves the social service delivery of NPOs. This study contributes to the nonprofit literature by providing empirical evidence from the social resource-based view (SRBV) theory of the role of SEO on social value, specifically during the crisis. By understanding the role of SEO in value creation, NPOs and regulatory authorities can formulate more precise and impactful strategies to augment the social value of NPOs. Consequently, when NPOs remain sustained, they can continuously provide services to the affected and vulnerable community.","PeriodicalId":36430,"journal":{"name":"Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology","volume":"28 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139153431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Risk management functions as a communication tool, conveying a company's proactive strategies to investors for addressing potential threats. Emphasizing the management of risk and uncertainty proves beneficial for maximizing shareholder value by achieving robust financial performance. Financial performance, employed to discern superior and relevant information, plays a pivotal role in assessing the current financial situation and forecasting future performance. This research explores the intricate relationship between effective risk management and the performance of publicly listed companies in Malaysia. As a quantitative investigation, it involves a robust dataset of 1,216 year-observations spanning four years, from 2018 to 2021, with a specific focus on publicly listed entities. Tobin's Q assesses firm performance, while the effectiveness of risk management is scrutinized by evaluating key risk objectives, including strategy risk, operational risk, reporting risk, and compliance risk. Control variables, such as company size and leverage, are integrated into the research framework. The findings indicate that all key risks, representing effective risk management, significantly influence the firm performance of Malaysian publicly listed companies. This study not only contributes empirical substance to the ongoing discourse on risk management but also offers valuable insights into how the effectiveness of risk management practices impacts the performance of publicly listed companies within the Malaysian context. The research is a significant source of knowledge for investors, executives, and scholars who want to understand the complex relationship between risk management effectiveness and corporate success in the Malaysian public-listed sector.
{"title":"Investigating the impact of effective risk management on the performance of Malaysian publicly listed companies","authors":"Masrina Md Saad, Rina Fadhilah Ismail, Zuraidah Mohd Zam, Suhaily Hasnan","doi":"10.55214/25768484.v8i1.412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55214/25768484.v8i1.412","url":null,"abstract":"Risk management functions as a communication tool, conveying a company's proactive strategies to investors for addressing potential threats. Emphasizing the management of risk and uncertainty proves beneficial for maximizing shareholder value by achieving robust financial performance. Financial performance, employed to discern superior and relevant information, plays a pivotal role in assessing the current financial situation and forecasting future performance. This research explores the intricate relationship between effective risk management and the performance of publicly listed companies in Malaysia. As a quantitative investigation, it involves a robust dataset of 1,216 year-observations spanning four years, from 2018 to 2021, with a specific focus on publicly listed entities. Tobin's Q assesses firm performance, while the effectiveness of risk management is scrutinized by evaluating key risk objectives, including strategy risk, operational risk, reporting risk, and compliance risk. Control variables, such as company size and leverage, are integrated into the research framework. The findings indicate that all key risks, representing effective risk management, significantly influence the firm performance of Malaysian publicly listed companies. This study not only contributes empirical substance to the ongoing discourse on risk management but also offers valuable insights into how the effectiveness of risk management practices impacts the performance of publicly listed companies within the Malaysian context. The research is a significant source of knowledge for investors, executives, and scholars who want to understand the complex relationship between risk management effectiveness and corporate success in the Malaysian public-listed sector.","PeriodicalId":36430,"journal":{"name":"Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology","volume":"100 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139154160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-27DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v8i1.414
S. Khanum, Jabbar Ul-Haq, Q. Hye, A. Cheema
Trade liberalization has differentiated effects on the regions (i.e., urban and rural). Concerning regional importance, we investigate the association between trade liberalization (TL) and child labor (CL), with special emphasis on rural areas, using micro-level data from 1990-2005 in rural Pakistan. Our estimation approach analyzes geographical differences in the effects of trade policy through province-level exposure to a reduction in import tariffs. We construct provincial panel data for the investigation of the liaison between trade liberalization and child labor in rural Pakistan. The feasible generalized least-squares (FGLS) method is utilized for empirical analysis. Pakistan is related to trade liberalization and the prevalence of child labor in rural areas. In Pakistan, trade liberalization has given rise to child labor in rural regions. It might be the reason that children who are living in rural areas assist their parents with household chores and on-farm. In rural Pakistan, trade liberalization leads to a rise in child labor. Our results hold up well against a range of control variables. The policy implication of the study is that the government should provide free education programs and packages to the poor, especially in rural areas, for the survival of their lives and then parents should send their children to school instead of work.
{"title":"Does trade liberalization increase child labor in rural Pakistan? A rural perspective","authors":"S. Khanum, Jabbar Ul-Haq, Q. Hye, A. Cheema","doi":"10.55214/25768484.v8i1.414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55214/25768484.v8i1.414","url":null,"abstract":"Trade liberalization has differentiated effects on the regions (i.e., urban and rural). Concerning regional importance, we investigate the association between trade liberalization (TL) and child labor (CL), with special emphasis on rural areas, using micro-level data from 1990-2005 in rural Pakistan. Our estimation approach analyzes geographical differences in the effects of trade policy through province-level exposure to a reduction in import tariffs. We construct provincial panel data for the investigation of the liaison between trade liberalization and child labor in rural Pakistan. The feasible generalized least-squares (FGLS) method is utilized for empirical analysis. Pakistan is related to trade liberalization and the prevalence of child labor in rural areas. In Pakistan, trade liberalization has given rise to child labor in rural regions. It might be the reason that children who are living in rural areas assist their parents with household chores and on-farm. In rural Pakistan, trade liberalization leads to a rise in child labor. Our results hold up well against a range of control variables. The policy implication of the study is that the government should provide free education programs and packages to the poor, especially in rural areas, for the survival of their lives and then parents should send their children to school instead of work.","PeriodicalId":36430,"journal":{"name":"Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology","volume":"104 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139154236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-22DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v7i2.410
N. Abdullah, Norazian Mohmad Azman, Erlane K. Ghani, Kamaruzzaman Muhammad, Azleen Ilias, Ismie Roha Mohamed Jais
This study analyses the profiles of academics and their perceived institutional leadership practices at their universities. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 1771 academics from Malaysian public and private universities. The results of the survey show that women make up the majority of academics in universities, and most of them hold at least a master's degree. The academics at the universities have an average of more than six years of professional experience, and most of them are senior lecturers and associate professors. Many of the professors are or have been in senior positions. The study also shows that the majority of academics believe that the selection of senior staff at their universities is well controlled and that procedures are followed. Their universities also offer a talent pool system for institutional leaders. Academics are selected as institutional leaders on a rotational basis, and their appointment is duly publicized. However, the results of this study show that many universities continue to appoint and nominate future leaders under the old system rather than the new system. The study also shows that academics, whether from public or private universities, have similar views on the procedures of institutional leadership in their respective universities. The academics are generally in favor of the institutional governance approaches at their universities. The results of the study may be valuable in planning talent management for younger members of the academic community, as succession planning requires early intervention rather than identifying key leaders without a focus on talent management.
{"title":"Academics’ profile and perceived institutional leadership practices in public and private universities","authors":"N. Abdullah, Norazian Mohmad Azman, Erlane K. Ghani, Kamaruzzaman Muhammad, Azleen Ilias, Ismie Roha Mohamed Jais","doi":"10.55214/25768484.v7i2.410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55214/25768484.v7i2.410","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyses the profiles of academics and their perceived institutional leadership practices at their universities. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 1771 academics from Malaysian public and private universities. The results of the survey show that women make up the majority of academics in universities, and most of them hold at least a master's degree. The academics at the universities have an average of more than six years of professional experience, and most of them are senior lecturers and associate professors. Many of the professors are or have been in senior positions. The study also shows that the majority of academics believe that the selection of senior staff at their universities is well controlled and that procedures are followed. Their universities also offer a talent pool system for institutional leaders. Academics are selected as institutional leaders on a rotational basis, and their appointment is duly publicized. However, the results of this study show that many universities continue to appoint and nominate future leaders under the old system rather than the new system. The study also shows that academics, whether from public or private universities, have similar views on the procedures of institutional leadership in their respective universities. The academics are generally in favor of the institutional governance approaches at their universities. The results of the study may be valuable in planning talent management for younger members of the academic community, as succession planning requires early intervention rather than identifying key leaders without a focus on talent management.","PeriodicalId":36430,"journal":{"name":"Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology","volume":"231 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139165511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-22DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v8i1.411
Kanokwan Promjeen, Thanwamas Phasinam, K. Phasinam
Confectionery products, particularly popular among individuals under 17, include treats such as jellies and gummies. Traditionally, the manual process of dropping gummy jelly into molds, one piece at a time, is labor-intensive and time-consuming. This method is susceptible to the gummy jelly's physical properties, which can coagulate when exposed to air below its melting point. This study presents the development of a semi-automatic gummy jelly dropping machine to streamline the handmade confectionery production process. The machine, fabricated from stainless steel with dimensions of 36.00 centimeters (width) x 56.00 centimeters (height) x 47.00 centimeters (length), utilizes an aluminum piston mechanism (34 millimeters diameter and 142 millimeters length) for controlled gummy jelly dispensing. A 950-watt heater warms the liquid gummy jelly in a basin located at the piston's back, with tests conducted at temperatures of 80, 100, and 120 degrees Celsius. Results indicate that the optimal temperature for the semi-automatic gummy jelly dropping machine is 120 degrees Celsius, achieving an average dispensing time of 99.35 seconds. The machine's production capacity is 36.66 kilograms per hour, with a maximum efficacy of 73.75 percent. The produced gummy jelly exhibits a moisture content of 12.07 percent, lightness (L) of 52.63±4.67.63, red/green (a*) of 0.27±0.11, and yellow/blue (b*) of 4.08±3.13. Its hardness measures 1027.75 grams, its gumminess is 916.25 grams, and its water activity (aw) is 0.80. The study is significant since it verifies that there is no microbial development.
{"title":"Optimizing confectionery production: A semi-automatic gummy jelly dropping machine design and performance evaluation","authors":"Kanokwan Promjeen, Thanwamas Phasinam, K. Phasinam","doi":"10.55214/25768484.v8i1.411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55214/25768484.v8i1.411","url":null,"abstract":"Confectionery products, particularly popular among individuals under 17, include treats such as jellies and gummies. Traditionally, the manual process of dropping gummy jelly into molds, one piece at a time, is labor-intensive and time-consuming. This method is susceptible to the gummy jelly's physical properties, which can coagulate when exposed to air below its melting point. This study presents the development of a semi-automatic gummy jelly dropping machine to streamline the handmade confectionery production process. The machine, fabricated from stainless steel with dimensions of 36.00 centimeters (width) x 56.00 centimeters (height) x 47.00 centimeters (length), utilizes an aluminum piston mechanism (34 millimeters diameter and 142 millimeters length) for controlled gummy jelly dispensing. A 950-watt heater warms the liquid gummy jelly in a basin located at the piston's back, with tests conducted at temperatures of 80, 100, and 120 degrees Celsius. Results indicate that the optimal temperature for the semi-automatic gummy jelly dropping machine is 120 degrees Celsius, achieving an average dispensing time of 99.35 seconds. The machine's production capacity is 36.66 kilograms per hour, with a maximum efficacy of 73.75 percent. The produced gummy jelly exhibits a moisture content of 12.07 percent, lightness (L) of 52.63±4.67.63, red/green (a*) of 0.27±0.11, and yellow/blue (b*) of 4.08±3.13. Its hardness measures 1027.75 grams, its gumminess is 916.25 grams, and its water activity (aw) is 0.80. The study is significant since it verifies that there is no microbial development.","PeriodicalId":36430,"journal":{"name":"Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology","volume":"116 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139163601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-22DOI: 10.55214/25768484.v7i2.406
Ergun Ateş, Elham Talebi Khameneh
This study involved the measurement of air temperature, relative humidity, and CO2 levels in both open and closed circumstances of windows and doors, both indoors and outdoors, during educational activities in a higher education institution classroom. Air temperature and relative humidity measurements were found to be within the range of 21.36 to 26.97°C and 42.94 to 55.16%, respectively. These values have been determined to be within acceptable comfort levels, according to the literature. The CO2 concentration has been determined to increase with the number of people in the classroom and, in some cases, exceed the level of 1000 ppm, which is accepted as a general limit value, before the end of the course period. It has been determined that if the experiment is not terminated when the CO2 level rises above 1000 ppm, the CO2 level will reach even higher values depending on the elapsed time. The maximum level of CO2 was measured at 1404 ppm among the CO2 measurement data recorded before the end of the experiment. In addition, it has been determined that as the outside air intake increases, the concentration of CO2 accumulated inside decreases. This finding suggests that ventilation is necessary in fully enclosed spaces. The number of people in the class has been determined to be 35 in order to be safe in terms of CO2 levels in the activities carried out in the classroom where the research was carried out.
{"title":"Effects of the number of people, temperature, relative humidity, and CO2 parameters on indoor air quality in higher education institution classrooms","authors":"Ergun Ateş, Elham Talebi Khameneh","doi":"10.55214/25768484.v7i2.406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55214/25768484.v7i2.406","url":null,"abstract":"This study involved the measurement of air temperature, relative humidity, and CO2 levels in both open and closed circumstances of windows and doors, both indoors and outdoors, during educational activities in a higher education institution classroom. Air temperature and relative humidity measurements were found to be within the range of 21.36 to 26.97°C and 42.94 to 55.16%, respectively. These values have been determined to be within acceptable comfort levels, according to the literature. The CO2 concentration has been determined to increase with the number of people in the classroom and, in some cases, exceed the level of 1000 ppm, which is accepted as a general limit value, before the end of the course period. It has been determined that if the experiment is not terminated when the CO2 level rises above 1000 ppm, the CO2 level will reach even higher values depending on the elapsed time. The maximum level of CO2 was measured at 1404 ppm among the CO2 measurement data recorded before the end of the experiment. In addition, it has been determined that as the outside air intake increases, the concentration of CO2 accumulated inside decreases. This finding suggests that ventilation is necessary in fully enclosed spaces. The number of people in the class has been determined to be 35 in order to be safe in terms of CO2 levels in the activities carried out in the classroom where the research was carried out.","PeriodicalId":36430,"journal":{"name":"Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139164109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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