A. Gosar, Shivaji Jadhav, V. Patil, S. Folane, A. Jadkar, T. Vispute
Particle size is a key factor for modern drug quality since it affects the bioavailability and dissolution profile of the drug product. Study for Particle size is helpful to optimize drug product development process and improve the quality of drugs. In Order to determine the particle size of Glimepiride a novel and accurate Particle size determination method has been developed for the determination of particle size distribution of Glimepiride was described in this paper. This method has shown good reproducible results. By using water as dispersant wet method is developed and validated as per International conference on Harmonization guidelines (Q2 (R1)) and found out robust and reproducible with % RSD of d (10), d (50) and d (90) values found within acceptance limit ranges from 6.05% to 21.84% for d(0.1), 3.04% to 9.87% for d(0.5) and 4.69% to 14.32% for d(0.9) in validation. The described method is accurate and validated and successfully applied for the determination of particle size distribution of Glimepiride. Particle size method is discussed in detail to ensure in-depth understanding of particle size distribution and particle size method performance during lifetime of the product.
{"title":"Development and Validation of New Analytical Method for the Determination of Particle Size Distribution in Glimepiride Using Laser Based Particle Size Analyzer","authors":"A. Gosar, Shivaji Jadhav, V. Patil, S. Folane, A. Jadkar, T. Vispute","doi":"10.33805/2576.8484.160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33805/2576.8484.160","url":null,"abstract":"Particle size is a key factor for modern drug quality since it affects the bioavailability and dissolution profile of the drug product. Study for Particle size is helpful to optimize drug product development process and improve the quality of drugs. In Order to determine the particle size of Glimepiride a novel and accurate Particle size determination method has been developed for the determination of particle size distribution of Glimepiride was described in this paper. This method has shown good reproducible results. By using water as dispersant wet method is developed and validated as per International conference on Harmonization guidelines (Q2 (R1)) and found out robust and reproducible with % RSD of d (10), d (50) and d (90) values found within acceptance limit ranges from 6.05% to 21.84% for d(0.1), 3.04% to 9.87% for d(0.5) and 4.69% to 14.32% for d(0.9) in validation. The described method is accurate and validated and successfully applied for the determination of particle size distribution of Glimepiride. Particle size method is discussed in detail to ensure in-depth understanding of particle size distribution and particle size method performance during lifetime of the product.","PeriodicalId":36430,"journal":{"name":"Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47014494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diabetes is one of the most intensively researched disorders presenting several metabolic alterations, but the basic biochemical aberrations or defects have not been clearly elucidated because the disorder is characteristically of autoimmune disposition. In addition, it is an intricately complex disease that exhibits disparate and distinct outlook and magnitude of pathology with grim susceptibility to gene-environment interactions. Early or invariable developments of deteriorating clinical alterations culminate in expansive socioeconomic costs. Adequate data regarding type 1 diabetes incidence have been from regions with a high or intermediate incidence, particularly in Europe and North America where numerous registries have since been established. There is a paucity of data from Africa Asia, the Caribbean, Central America and South America. The availability of veritable standardized type 1 diabetes incidence data from these low incidence regions is extremely crucial to establish that the presumed broad variation in incidence pertains, and that a low incidence in those regions is exact and not the resultant impact of underestimated incident cases.
{"title":"Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Issues, Challenges and Opportunities","authors":"Chrysanthus Chukwuma","doi":"10.33805/2576-8484.156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33805/2576-8484.156","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes is one of the most intensively researched disorders presenting several metabolic alterations, but the basic biochemical aberrations or defects have not been clearly elucidated because the disorder is characteristically of autoimmune disposition. In addition, it is an intricately complex disease that exhibits disparate and distinct outlook and magnitude of pathology with grim susceptibility to gene-environment interactions. Early or invariable developments of deteriorating clinical alterations culminate in expansive socioeconomic costs. Adequate data regarding type 1 diabetes incidence have been from regions with a high or intermediate incidence, particularly in Europe and North America where numerous registries have since been established. There is a paucity of data from Africa Asia, the Caribbean, Central America and South America. The availability of veritable standardized type 1 diabetes incidence data from these low incidence regions is extremely crucial to establish that the presumed broad variation in incidence pertains, and that a low incidence in those regions is exact and not the resultant impact of underestimated incident cases.","PeriodicalId":36430,"journal":{"name":"Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45235868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The lack of vulnerability control leads to organizational harm in global businesses when the exploitation of a weakness occurs. How can a global supply chain protect itself from vulnerabilities that can damage their brand and their physical property? In this qualitative case study the author shows how a multi-site corporation can use a method to learn what the vulnerabilities are in a single facility and use a framework to methodically scale the controls needed to mitigate vulnerabilities across the supply chain. This framework allows leadership to keep cost in mind so that the highest vulnerabilities are mitigated as a priority. A team of security experts was used to capture data in framework used for analysis. This framework was then used strategically to reduce the overall risk of threat vectors in the global organization.
{"title":"One to Many: A Framework for Scaling Risk Mitigation Assurance","authors":"Joel Bigley","doi":"10.33805/2576-8484.155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33805/2576-8484.155","url":null,"abstract":"The lack of vulnerability control leads to organizational harm in global businesses when the exploitation of a weakness occurs. How can a global supply chain protect itself from vulnerabilities that can damage their brand and their physical property? In this qualitative case study the author shows how a multi-site corporation can use a method to learn what the vulnerabilities are in a single facility and use a framework to methodically scale the controls needed to mitigate vulnerabilities across the supply chain. This framework allows leadership to keep cost in mind so that the highest vulnerabilities are mitigated as a priority. A team of security experts was used to capture data in framework used for analysis. This framework was then used strategically to reduce the overall risk of threat vectors in the global organization.","PeriodicalId":36430,"journal":{"name":"Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45754123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This monograph attempts to explain a new joint lubrication mechanism with surface active phospholipids as a lubricant. It provides studies of the principles of cartilage (smart material) of biological micro- and Nano tribology.
{"title":"Opinion Article: Articular Cartilage: Lamellar-Repulsive Lubrication of Natural Joints by Zenon Pawlak","authors":"T. Kałdoński","doi":"10.33805/2576.8484.154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33805/2576.8484.154","url":null,"abstract":"This monograph attempts to explain a new joint lubrication mechanism with surface active phospholipids as a lubricant. It provides studies of the principles of cartilage (smart material) of biological micro- and Nano tribology.","PeriodicalId":36430,"journal":{"name":"Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47434098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research investigates social media effect on the spelling abilities of students of Federal College of Education Yola. The study is significant because it helped in unveiling the negative effect of social media on students spelling abilities. The intents of the study are to examine the effect of social media on the student’s spelling ability, to find out the nature of effect social media have on students spelling ability, to determine the number of hours spent by students on social networking activities every day and to determine how social media usage has affected students spelling ability. The social learning theory was adopted as the theoretical framework. Survey was the research method used, using questionnaire as the instrument which was conveniently and accidentally distributed among respondents in the levels. The study established that virtual platforms (social media) have negative effects on the spelling ability of students. Students expend excessive period on social media events than their academics especially the effect on the spelling ability of students during examination, when writing letters and using social media platform such as Whatsapp, Twitter and Facebook. The research generalized that the usage of social media by students affects their spelling ability negatively more especially when writing examination and letters, which in turn affects conventional way of writing. The study however recommends that more time should be channeled and spent on productive academic engagement and institutions should come up with ways of harnessing such virtual platforms academically in order to enhance students spelling ability since they are so addicted to social media.
{"title":"The Effect of Social Media on the Spelling Ability of Students: A Case Study of Federal College of Education (FCE) Yola","authors":"Fredrick Wilson","doi":"10.33805/2576-8484.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33805/2576-8484.153","url":null,"abstract":"This research investigates social media effect on the spelling abilities of students of Federal College of Education Yola. The study is significant because it helped in unveiling the negative effect of social media on students spelling abilities. The intents of the study are to examine the effect of social media on the student’s spelling ability, to find out the nature of effect social media have on students spelling ability, to determine the number of hours spent by students on social networking activities every day and to determine how social media usage has affected students spelling ability. The social learning theory was adopted as the theoretical framework. Survey was the research method used, using questionnaire as the instrument which was conveniently and accidentally distributed among respondents in the levels. The study established that virtual platforms (social media) have negative effects on the spelling ability of students. Students expend excessive period on social media events than their academics especially the effect on the spelling ability of students during examination, when writing letters and using social media platform such as Whatsapp, Twitter and Facebook. The research generalized that the usage of social media by students affects their spelling ability negatively more especially when writing examination and letters, which in turn affects conventional way of writing. The study however recommends that more time should be channeled and spent on productive academic engagement and institutions should come up with ways of harnessing such virtual platforms academically in order to enhance students spelling ability since they are so addicted to social media.","PeriodicalId":36430,"journal":{"name":"Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46612073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The brachyuran crabs are diversified and widely distributed habitant throughout the world, apart from Antarctica, they are reported from all the niches of network. They are dominant in all over estuaries and found in unfathomable depths of the Ocean down to 6000m and in the high mountains up to 3500 m above the sea level.Numerous species have evolved to lead terrestrial habitats. Mostly are in fresh water, and some of these crabs have evolved to survive as phytotelms, inside empty shells of the snails, within corals "symbiotically" or "commensally" and reported from alpine, caves and desert as well. Their sizes range from 2mm to 5.5mm; the weight ranges from few milligrams up to 19 kg. The fishery of the spanner crab, (Ranina ranina) has been thriving since World War II. People use crabs to cure different diseases: stomachache; liver and lungs diseases; healing wound; osteoporosis; and epilepsy and reproductive malfunction in women. This review aimed to find diversity and economic importance of crabs, which resulted positive and negative approaches. The crabs are multi-useful with diversified habitats, sizes and utility. Hence, it is suggested that the government should incorporate this in health care system into the existing one to ensure proper development and binding ethno-medicine in Nepal.
{"title":"Multiformity and Economic Importance of True Brachyuran Crabs","authors":"S. Rana","doi":"10.33805/2576-8484.151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33805/2576-8484.151","url":null,"abstract":"The brachyuran crabs are diversified and widely distributed habitant throughout the world, apart from Antarctica, they are reported from all the niches of network. They are dominant in all over estuaries and found in unfathomable depths of the Ocean down to 6000m and in the high mountains up to 3500 m above the sea level.Numerous species have evolved to lead terrestrial habitats. Mostly are in fresh water, and some of these crabs have evolved to survive as phytotelms, inside empty shells of the snails, within corals \"symbiotically\" or \"commensally\" and reported from alpine, caves and desert as well. Their sizes range from 2mm to 5.5mm; the weight ranges from few milligrams up to 19 kg. The fishery of the spanner crab, (Ranina ranina) has been thriving since World War II. People use crabs to cure different diseases: stomachache; liver and lungs diseases; healing wound; osteoporosis; and epilepsy and reproductive malfunction in women. This review aimed to find diversity and economic importance of crabs, which resulted positive and negative approaches. The crabs are multi-useful with diversified habitats, sizes and utility. Hence, it is suggested that the government should incorporate this in health care system into the existing one to ensure proper development and binding ethno-medicine in Nepal.","PeriodicalId":36430,"journal":{"name":"Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46798746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This can present a challenge to educators wishing to engage students in the classroom while still providing required content in order to enhance learning outcomes. In Teaching and learning communication skills, we have a lot to choose from the world of technology: TV, CD Rom, Computers, the Internet, Electronic Dictionary, Email, Blogs and Audio Cassettes, Power Point, Videos, DVD’s or VCD’s. The last two decades have witnessed a revolution due to onset of technology, and has changed the dynamics of educational institutes, and has also influenced the educational system and the way people interact and work in the society. This rapid rising and development of information technology has offered a better pattern to explore the new teaching model. Using multimedia to create a context to teach communication skill has its unique advantages. As a result technology plays a very important role in teaching communication skill.
{"title":"Role of Multimedia in Education","authors":"Sukhendu Mukherjee","doi":"10.33805/2576-8484.149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33805/2576-8484.149","url":null,"abstract":"This can present a challenge to educators wishing to engage students in the classroom while still providing required content in order to enhance learning outcomes. In Teaching and learning communication skills, we have a lot to choose from the world of technology: TV, CD Rom, Computers, the Internet, Electronic Dictionary, Email, Blogs and Audio Cassettes, Power Point, Videos, DVD’s or VCD’s. The last two decades have witnessed a revolution due to onset of technology, and has changed the dynamics of educational institutes, and has also influenced the educational system and the way people interact and work in the society. This rapid rising and development of information technology has offered a better pattern to explore the new teaching model. Using multimedia to create a context to teach communication skill has its unique advantages. As a result technology plays a very important role in teaching communication skill.","PeriodicalId":36430,"journal":{"name":"Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45340608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hemangiomas of the small bowel are exceedingly rare benign tumors. When diagnosed they are found in the setting of an acute gastrointestinal bleeding, but can also be involved in intussusception, obstruction, and cause pain. There are few reports of this case over all, and incidental or asymptomatic cases are rare for adult patients. Although computed tomography with angiography or tagged red blood cell scans are pivotal for acute active bleeding, endoscopy has become pivotal in diagnosis of lesions that are quiescent. Management is also variable as endoscopy, laparoscopy, and open surgery have all been utilized with success.
{"title":"Asymptomatic Hemangioma of the Duodenum","authors":"T. Thomas, M. Haney, M. Doepker","doi":"10.33805/2576-8484.148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33805/2576-8484.148","url":null,"abstract":"Hemangiomas of the small bowel are exceedingly rare benign tumors. When diagnosed they are found in the setting of an acute gastrointestinal bleeding, but can also be involved in intussusception, obstruction, and cause pain. There are few reports of this case over all, and incidental or asymptomatic cases are rare for adult patients. Although computed tomography with angiography or tagged red blood cell scans are pivotal for acute active bleeding, endoscopy has become pivotal in diagnosis of lesions that are quiescent. Management is also variable as endoscopy, laparoscopy, and open surgery have all been utilized with success.","PeriodicalId":36430,"journal":{"name":"Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48904681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes general guidelines for managing curriculum. Managing a curriculum change is a complex problem. There are two frameworks supporting the process. The first is a learning framework centered on how students learn, the second is a conceptual framework enabling the detailed design of learning activities, which implies a change in attitudes towards teaching. The last step is implementing the curriculum. We think that these guidelines may help schools or universities manage their own change process. Construction management education needs a curriculum model that will help school or university to achieve and maintain relevant construction management programs. This paper describes a curriculum model that integrates curriculum development, instructional design, and program evaluation.
{"title":"Managing The Curriculum","authors":"Salwa, Sri Kamaliasari, T. Sumarni","doi":"10.4135/9781446220610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446220610","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes general guidelines for managing curriculum. Managing a curriculum change is a complex problem. There are two frameworks supporting the process. The first is a learning framework centered on how students learn, the second is a conceptual framework enabling the detailed design of learning activities, which implies a change in attitudes towards teaching. The last step is implementing the curriculum. We think that these guidelines may help schools or universities manage their own change process. Construction management education needs a curriculum model that will help school or university to achieve and maintain relevant construction management programs. This paper describes a curriculum model that integrates curriculum development, instructional design, and program evaluation.","PeriodicalId":36430,"journal":{"name":"Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology","volume":"75 1","pages":"556-560"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79044505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
REDD+ mechanism has been considered as an effective way to mitigate climate change in developing countries since it targets to remove carbon emissions and compensate the local communities for their conservation efforts. Incentive programs of REDD+ projects should be tailored carefully because they can cause both positive and negative effects to local communities. This research was conducted to suggest incentive program options for a peat land REDD+ project in Riau Provincial. Frequently adopted incentive programs were identified from literature review, and few more options were added based on previous local survey. Seven incentive options were finalized for the survey through discussion with KPH Tasik Besar Serkap. To figure out preference on and importance of the incentive options for local communities, questionnaire survey was conducted on 40 respondent in 2 villages around the project area. Local livelihoods activities in forest were also investigated. Collected data was used for frequency analysis and AHP analysis. Although gap between preference and importance of the options was found, the difference was minor. Among the incentive options, the respondents preferred provision of ‘goods for agriculture and fishery’, ‘electricity generator’, ‘establishment of community forest’ and ‘job creation’. Diverse local livelihood activities in forests were confirmed, though intensity of dependence was different among the villages. It is concluded that a set of small incentive programs would lead to better results than ‘one-big’ incentive program, since it can provide more opportunities for local people to participate in. To develop an effective incentive program for REDD+ project, local preference, importance for local community, and impacts on local livelihood should be considered simultaneously.
REDD+机制被认为是减缓发展中国家气候变化的有效途径，因为它旨在消除碳排放并补偿当地社区的保护努力。REDD+项目的激励方案应谨慎制定，因为它们可能对当地社区产生积极和消极的影响。本研究旨在为廖内省泥炭地REDD+项目提供激励方案。从文献综述中确定了常用的激励方案，并根据之前的地方调查增加了一些选项。通过与KPH Tasik Besar Serkap讨论，最终确定了调查的七个奖励方案。为了了解当地社区对激励方案的偏好和重要性，我们在项目区周围的2个村庄对40名受访者进行了问卷调查。还对当地森林生计活动进行了调查。收集的数据用于频率分析和AHP分析。虽然选择的偏好和重要性之间存在差距，但差异很小。在奖励方案中，被调查者倾向于提供“农业和渔业产品”、“发电机”、“建立社区森林”和“创造就业机会”。虽然各个村庄对森林的依赖程度不同，但证实了当地森林生计活动的多样性。结论是，一套小的激励方案比“一个大”的激励方案效果更好，因为它可以为当地人提供更多的参与机会。要制定有效的REDD+项目激励方案，需要同时考虑当地偏好、对当地社区的重要性以及对当地生计的影响。
{"title":"Development Incentive Program at Carbon Trading Activity in KPHP Tasik Besar Serkap","authors":"Emy Sadjati, M. Ikhwan, A. T. Ratnaningsih","doi":"10.31227/osf.io/eh8pn","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31227/osf.io/eh8pn","url":null,"abstract":"REDD+ mechanism has been considered as an effective way to mitigate climate change in developing countries since it targets to remove carbon emissions and compensate the local communities for their conservation efforts. Incentive programs of REDD+ projects should be tailored carefully because they can cause both positive and negative effects to local communities. This research was conducted to suggest incentive program options for a peat land REDD+ project in Riau Provincial. Frequently adopted incentive programs were identified from literature review, and few more options were added based on previous local survey. Seven incentive options were finalized for the survey through discussion with KPH Tasik Besar Serkap. To figure out preference on and importance of the incentive options for local communities, questionnaire survey was conducted on 40 respondent in 2 villages around the project area. Local livelihoods activities in forest were also investigated. Collected data was used for frequency analysis and AHP analysis. Although gap between preference and importance of the options was found, the difference was minor. Among the incentive options, the respondents preferred provision of ‘goods for agriculture and fishery’, ‘electricity generator’, ‘establishment of community forest’ and ‘job creation’. Diverse local livelihood activities in forests were confirmed, though intensity of dependence was different among the villages. It is concluded that a set of small incentive programs would lead to better results than ‘one-big’ incentive program, since it can provide more opportunities for local people to participate in. To develop an effective incentive program for REDD+ project, local preference, importance for local community, and impacts on local livelihood should be considered simultaneously.","PeriodicalId":36430,"journal":{"name":"Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology","volume":"96 1","pages":"103-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78762118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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