The evolution of electrical grids, both in terms of enhanced ICT functionalities to improve efficiency, reliability and economics, as well as the increasing penetration of renewable redistributed energy resources, results in a more sophisticated electrical infrastructure which poses new challenges from several perspectives, including resilience and quality of service analysis. In addition, the presence of interdependencies, which more and more characterize critical infrastructures (including the power sector), exacerbates the need for advanced analysis approaches, to be possibly employed since the early phases of the system design, to identify vulnerabilities and appropriate countermeasures. In this paper, we outline an approach to model and analyze smart grids and discuss the major challenges to be addressed in stochastic model-based analysis to account for the peculiarities of the involved system elements. Representation of dynamic and flexible behavior of generators and loads, as well as representation of the complex ICT control functions required to preserve and/or re-establish electrical equilibrium in presence of changes need to be faced to assess suitable indicators of the resilience and quality of service of the smart grid.
{"title":"On a Modeling Approach to Analyze Resilience of a Smart Grid Infrastructure","authors":"S. Chiaradonna, F. Giandomenico, N. Murru","doi":"10.1109/EDCC.2014.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDCC.2014.34","url":null,"abstract":"The evolution of electrical grids, both in terms of enhanced ICT functionalities to improve efficiency, reliability and economics, as well as the increasing penetration of renewable redistributed energy resources, results in a more sophisticated electrical infrastructure which poses new challenges from several perspectives, including resilience and quality of service analysis. In addition, the presence of interdependencies, which more and more characterize critical infrastructures (including the power sector), exacerbates the need for advanced analysis approaches, to be possibly employed since the early phases of the system design, to identify vulnerabilities and appropriate countermeasures. In this paper, we outline an approach to model and analyze smart grids and discuss the major challenges to be addressed in stochastic model-based analysis to account for the peculiarities of the involved system elements. Representation of dynamic and flexible behavior of generators and loads, as well as representation of the complex ICT control functions required to preserve and/or re-establish electrical equilibrium in presence of changes need to be faced to assess suitable indicators of the resilience and quality of service of the smart grid.","PeriodicalId":364377,"journal":{"name":"2014 Tenth European Dependable Computing Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117053984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jason Hiser, A. Nguyen-Tuong, M. Co, Benjamin D. Rodes, M. Hall, Clark L. Coleman, J. Knight, J. Davidson
The design of many binary-level rewriting and instrumentation systems is based on specifying and implementing an application-programmer interface (API) to provide the necessary functionality for implementing various instrumentation tools. Users implement instrumentation tools by writing code that uses the functionality provided by the implementation of the API. This paper describes a novel approach for realizing powerful binary level instrumentation systems that is based on a simple, low-level language, called SPRI. SPRI is a simple language for specifying edits to apply to a binary. Its simplicity makes SPRI an ideal target language for binary analysis and instrumentation tools. A SPRI specification can then be applied to a binary statically or dynamically to insert the desired instrumentation. To demonstrate the advantages, flexibility, and power of this approach, the paper presents an exemplar instrumentation system that uses a software dynamic translator to apply SPRI-specified edits to a binary, along with several case studies of how the system has been used.
{"title":"A Framework for Creating Binary Rewriting Tools (Short Paper)","authors":"Jason Hiser, A. Nguyen-Tuong, M. Co, Benjamin D. Rodes, M. Hall, Clark L. Coleman, J. Knight, J. Davidson","doi":"10.1109/EDCC.2014.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDCC.2014.14","url":null,"abstract":"The design of many binary-level rewriting and instrumentation systems is based on specifying and implementing an application-programmer interface (API) to provide the necessary functionality for implementing various instrumentation tools. Users implement instrumentation tools by writing code that uses the functionality provided by the implementation of the API. This paper describes a novel approach for realizing powerful binary level instrumentation systems that is based on a simple, low-level language, called SPRI. SPRI is a simple language for specifying edits to apply to a binary. Its simplicity makes SPRI an ideal target language for binary analysis and instrumentation tools. A SPRI specification can then be applied to a binary statically or dynamically to insert the desired instrumentation. To demonstrate the advantages, flexibility, and power of this approach, the paper presents an exemplar instrumentation system that uses a software dynamic translator to apply SPRI-specified edits to a binary, along with several case studies of how the system has been used.","PeriodicalId":364377,"journal":{"name":"2014 Tenth European Dependable Computing Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133570408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This experience report describes the successful application of statistical software testing to a large-scale realworld equipment replacement project. The Data Processing System at Dungeness B nuclear power station is obsolescent and needs to be replaced by a new system involving different technology. The new Data Processing and Control System (DPCS) involves a large amount of software code, with the potential for software failures, and therefore confidence needs to be established in the dependability of the new software-based system. Statistical software testing (ST) was used as one technique to do this. The aim was to support the claim that with high confidence the higher integrity parts of the replacement software have a failure probability of better than 10-2 failures per demand (fpd). This paper describes how this has been achieved by careful design of the statistical tests and by the development of a large number of supporting tools and procedures. A total of 395 statistical tests with no failure was achieved providing at least 98% confidence that the safety claim has been met.
{"title":"Application of Statistical Testing to the Data Processing and Control System for the Dungeness B Nuclear Power Plant (Practical Experience Report)","authors":"Helen Gough, S. Kuball","doi":"10.1109/EDCC.2014.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDCC.2014.38","url":null,"abstract":"This experience report describes the successful application of statistical software testing to a large-scale realworld equipment replacement project. The Data Processing System at Dungeness B nuclear power station is obsolescent and needs to be replaced by a new system involving different technology. The new Data Processing and Control System (DPCS) involves a large amount of software code, with the potential for software failures, and therefore confidence needs to be established in the dependability of the new software-based system. Statistical software testing (ST) was used as one technique to do this. The aim was to support the claim that with high confidence the higher integrity parts of the replacement software have a failure probability of better than 10-2 failures per demand (fpd). This paper describes how this has been achieved by careful design of the statistical tests and by the development of a large number of supporting tools and procedures. A total of 395 statistical tests with no failure was achieved providing at least 98% confidence that the safety claim has been met.","PeriodicalId":364377,"journal":{"name":"2014 Tenth European Dependable Computing Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122358911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Islam, Nithilan Meenakshi Karunakaran, Johan Haraldsson, Fredrik Bernin, J. Karlsson
Continuously growing complexity of the automotive Electrical and/or Electronic (E/E) systems has prompted major manufacturers (OEMs) and suppliers to embrace the AUTOSAR (Automotive Open System Architecture) standard. Furthermore, recent introduction of ISO 26262, a functional safety standard for road vehicles, has confronted the automotive industry with rigorous requirements. This has become even more challenging as AUTOSAR highly promotes COTS (Commercial Off-The-Shelf) software for which access to source code is either restricted or non-existent. This paper contributes with a method and prototype tool for binary-level fault injection (BLFI) for AUTOSAR-based systems. The proposed BLFI tool can assist in achieving functional safety by evaluating robustness of software at any AUTOSAR layer even though only binaries are available. The proposed technique is quite generic and is evaluated with a proof-of-concept implementation of an AUTOSAR-based application.
{"title":"Binary-Level Fault Injection for AUTOSAR Systems (Short Paper)","authors":"M. Islam, Nithilan Meenakshi Karunakaran, Johan Haraldsson, Fredrik Bernin, J. Karlsson","doi":"10.1109/EDCC.2014.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDCC.2014.21","url":null,"abstract":"Continuously growing complexity of the automotive Electrical and/or Electronic (E/E) systems has prompted major manufacturers (OEMs) and suppliers to embrace the AUTOSAR (Automotive Open System Architecture) standard. Furthermore, recent introduction of ISO 26262, a functional safety standard for road vehicles, has confronted the automotive industry with rigorous requirements. This has become even more challenging as AUTOSAR highly promotes COTS (Commercial Off-The-Shelf) software for which access to source code is either restricted or non-existent. This paper contributes with a method and prototype tool for binary-level fault injection (BLFI) for AUTOSAR-based systems. The proposed BLFI tool can assist in achieving functional safety by evaluating robustness of software at any AUTOSAR layer even though only binaries are available. The proposed technique is quite generic and is evaluated with a proof-of-concept implementation of an AUTOSAR-based application.","PeriodicalId":364377,"journal":{"name":"2014 Tenth European Dependable Computing Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122389720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fault injection campaigns have been used extensively to characterize the behavior of systems under errors. Traditional characterization studies, however, focus only on analyzing fail-stop behavior, incorrect test results, and other obvious failures observed during the experiment. More research is needed to evaluate the impact of silent failures-a relevant and insidious class of real-world failures-and doing so in a fully automated way in a fault injection setting. This paper presents a new methodology to identify fault injection-induced silent failures and assess their impact in a fully automated way. Drawing inspiration from system call-based anomaly detection, we compare faulty and fault-free execution runs and pinpoint behavioral differences that result in externally visible changes-not reported to the user-to detect silent failures. Our investigation across several different programs demonstrates that the impact of silent failures is relevant, consistent with field data, and should be carefully considered to avoid compromising the soundness of fault injection results.
{"title":"On the Soundness of Silence: Investigating Silent Failures Using Fault Injection Experiments","authors":"E. V. D. Kouwe, Cristiano Giuffrida, A. Tanenbaum","doi":"10.1109/EDCC.2014.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDCC.2014.16","url":null,"abstract":"Fault injection campaigns have been used extensively to characterize the behavior of systems under errors. Traditional characterization studies, however, focus only on analyzing fail-stop behavior, incorrect test results, and other obvious failures observed during the experiment. More research is needed to evaluate the impact of silent failures-a relevant and insidious class of real-world failures-and doing so in a fully automated way in a fault injection setting. This paper presents a new methodology to identify fault injection-induced silent failures and assess their impact in a fully automated way. Drawing inspiration from system call-based anomaly detection, we compare faulty and fault-free execution runs and pinpoint behavioral differences that result in externally visible changes-not reported to the user-to detect silent failures. Our investigation across several different programs demonstrates that the impact of silent failures is relevant, consistent with field data, and should be carefully considered to avoid compromising the soundness of fault injection results.","PeriodicalId":364377,"journal":{"name":"2014 Tenth European Dependable Computing Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133225816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Stoicescu, J. Fabre, Matthieu Roy, Animesh Pathak
Resilient computing is defined as the ability of a system to remain dependable when facing changes. To mitigate faults at runtime, dependable systems employ fault tolerance mechanisms such as replication techniques. These mechanisms have to be systematically and rigorously applied in order to guarantee the conformance between the application runtime behavior and its dependability requirements. To this end, we propose architectural concepts for developing resilient computing systems using component-based middleware. The development process of adaptive fault tolerance (AFT) is shortly presented. We then illustrate the benefits of AFT on a Wireless Sensor Network-based application for parking management.
{"title":"From Resilient Computing Architectural Concepts to Wireless Sensor Network-Based Applications (Short Paper)","authors":"M. Stoicescu, J. Fabre, Matthieu Roy, Animesh Pathak","doi":"10.1109/EDCC.2014.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDCC.2014.23","url":null,"abstract":"Resilient computing is defined as the ability of a system to remain dependable when facing changes. To mitigate faults at runtime, dependable systems employ fault tolerance mechanisms such as replication techniques. These mechanisms have to be systematically and rigorously applied in order to guarantee the conformance between the application runtime behavior and its dependability requirements. To this end, we propose architectural concepts for developing resilient computing systems using component-based middleware. The development process of adaptive fault tolerance (AFT) is shortly presented. We then illustrate the benefits of AFT on a Wireless Sensor Network-based application for parking management.","PeriodicalId":364377,"journal":{"name":"2014 Tenth European Dependable Computing Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129674506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miquel Martínez, D. Andrés, Juan-Carlos Ruiz-Garcia
The main goal of any benchmark is to guide decisions through system ranking, but surprisingly little research has been focused so far on providing means to gain confidence on the analysis carried out with benchmark results. The inclusion of a back-to-back testing approach in the benchmark analysis process to compare conclusions and gain confidence on the final adopted choices seems convenient to cope with this challenge. The proposal is to look for the coherence of rankings issued from the application of independent multiple-criteria decision making (MCDM) techniques on results. Although any MCDM method can be potentially used, this paper reports our experience using the Logic Score of Preferences (LSP) and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Discrepancies in provided rankings invalidate conclusions and must be tracked to discover in coherences and correct the related analysis errors. Once rankings are coherent, the underlying analysis also does, thus increasing our confidence on supplied conclusions.
{"title":"Gaining Confidence on Dependability Benchmarks' Conclusions through \"Back-to-Back\" Testing (Practical Experience Report)","authors":"Miquel Martínez, D. Andrés, Juan-Carlos Ruiz-Garcia","doi":"10.1109/EDCC.2014.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDCC.2014.20","url":null,"abstract":"The main goal of any benchmark is to guide decisions through system ranking, but surprisingly little research has been focused so far on providing means to gain confidence on the analysis carried out with benchmark results. The inclusion of a back-to-back testing approach in the benchmark analysis process to compare conclusions and gain confidence on the final adopted choices seems convenient to cope with this challenge. The proposal is to look for the coherence of rankings issued from the application of independent multiple-criteria decision making (MCDM) techniques on results. Although any MCDM method can be potentially used, this paper reports our experience using the Logic Score of Preferences (LSP) and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Discrepancies in provided rankings invalidate conclusions and must be tracked to discover in coherences and correct the related analysis errors. Once rankings are coherent, the underlying analysis also does, thus increasing our confidence on supplied conclusions.","PeriodicalId":364377,"journal":{"name":"2014 Tenth European Dependable Computing Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133460715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Online failure prediction for large-scale software systems is a challenging task. One reason is the complex structure of many-partially inter-dependent-hardware and software components. State-of-the-art approaches use separate prediction models for parameters of interest or a monolithic prediction model which includes different parameters of all components. However, they have problems when dealing with evolving systems. In this paper, we propose our preliminary research work on online failure prediction targeting large-scale component-based software systems. For the prediction, three complementary types of models are used: (i) an architectural model captures relevant properties of hardware and software components as well as dependencies among them, (ii) for each component, a prediction model captures the current state of a component and predicts independent component failures in the future, (iii) a system-level prediction model represents the current state of the system and-using the component-level prediction models and information on dependencies-allows to predict failures and analyze impacts of architectural system changes for proactive failure management.
{"title":"Increasing Dependability of Component-Based Software Systems by Online Failure Prediction (Short Paper)","authors":"Teerat Pitakrat, A. Hoorn, Lars Grunske","doi":"10.1109/EDCC.2014.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDCC.2014.28","url":null,"abstract":"Online failure prediction for large-scale software systems is a challenging task. One reason is the complex structure of many-partially inter-dependent-hardware and software components. State-of-the-art approaches use separate prediction models for parameters of interest or a monolithic prediction model which includes different parameters of all components. However, they have problems when dealing with evolving systems. In this paper, we propose our preliminary research work on online failure prediction targeting large-scale component-based software systems. For the prediction, three complementary types of models are used: (i) an architectural model captures relevant properties of hardware and software components as well as dependencies among them, (ii) for each component, a prediction model captures the current state of a component and predicts independent component failures in the future, (iii) a system-level prediction model represents the current state of the system and-using the component-level prediction models and information on dependencies-allows to predict failures and analyze impacts of architectural system changes for proactive failure management.","PeriodicalId":364377,"journal":{"name":"2014 Tenth European Dependable Computing Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114125655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reliable broadcast is a basic building block of dependable distributed systems that allows the dissemination of messages to all processes guaranteeing that either none or all correct processes deliver the message, despite the occurrence of failures. In this work we introduce an autonomic strategy to implement reliable broadcast. Processes self-organize themselves on an overlay based on a hypercube-like topology. The overlay is maintained by the execution of an underlying monitoring algorithm that guarantees several logarithmic properties even in the presence of processes failures. The reliable broadcast strategy employs spanning trees that are dynamically built embedded in the overlay. Nodes fail by crashing, crashes are permanent, and the broadcast strategy works correctly for an arbitrary number of process crashes. After a process crashes, the reconstruction of the spanning trees is transparent, not inducing, therefore, performance degradation. Besides the formal specification, we also present experimental results obtained with simulation.
{"title":"An Autonomic Implementation of Reliable Broadcast Based on Dynamic Spanning Trees","authors":"L. A. Rodrigues, L. Arantes, E. P. Duarte","doi":"10.1109/EDCC.2014.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDCC.2014.31","url":null,"abstract":"Reliable broadcast is a basic building block of dependable distributed systems that allows the dissemination of messages to all processes guaranteeing that either none or all correct processes deliver the message, despite the occurrence of failures. In this work we introduce an autonomic strategy to implement reliable broadcast. Processes self-organize themselves on an overlay based on a hypercube-like topology. The overlay is maintained by the execution of an underlying monitoring algorithm that guarantees several logarithmic properties even in the presence of processes failures. The reliable broadcast strategy employs spanning trees that are dynamically built embedded in the overlay. Nodes fail by crashing, crashes are permanent, and the broadcast strategy works correctly for an arbitrary number of process crashes. After a process crashes, the reconstruction of the spanning trees is transparent, not inducing, therefore, performance degradation. Besides the formal specification, we also present experimental results obtained with simulation.","PeriodicalId":364377,"journal":{"name":"2014 Tenth European Dependable Computing Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121725435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Sarkar, R. Ganesan, M. Cinque, Flavio Frattini, S. Russo, Agostino Savignano
The increasing popularity of Software as a Service (SaaS) stresses the need of solutions to predict failures and avoid service interruptions, which invariably result in SLA violations and severe loss of revenue. A promising approach to continuously monitor the correct functioning of the system is to check the execution conformance to a set of invariants, i.e., properties that must hold when the system is deemed to run correctly. In this paper we propose a framework and a tool to automatically discover invariants from application logs and to online detect their violation. The framework has been applied on 9 months of log events from a real-world SaaS application. Results show that the proposed tool is able to automatically select 12 invariants with a stringent goodness of fit criteria out of more than 500 potential relationships. We also show the usefulness of our approach to detect runtime issues from logs in the form of violations of selected invariants, corresponding to silent errors that usually go unnoticed by the system maintenance personnel, even if they could represent symptoms of upcoming service failures.
{"title":"Mining Invariants from SaaS Application Logs (Practical Experience Report)","authors":"S. Sarkar, R. Ganesan, M. Cinque, Flavio Frattini, S. Russo, Agostino Savignano","doi":"10.1109/EDCC.2014.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDCC.2014.18","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing popularity of Software as a Service (SaaS) stresses the need of solutions to predict failures and avoid service interruptions, which invariably result in SLA violations and severe loss of revenue. A promising approach to continuously monitor the correct functioning of the system is to check the execution conformance to a set of invariants, i.e., properties that must hold when the system is deemed to run correctly. In this paper we propose a framework and a tool to automatically discover invariants from application logs and to online detect their violation. The framework has been applied on 9 months of log events from a real-world SaaS application. Results show that the proposed tool is able to automatically select 12 invariants with a stringent goodness of fit criteria out of more than 500 potential relationships. We also show the usefulness of our approach to detect runtime issues from logs in the form of violations of selected invariants, corresponding to silent errors that usually go unnoticed by the system maintenance personnel, even if they could represent symptoms of upcoming service failures.","PeriodicalId":364377,"journal":{"name":"2014 Tenth European Dependable Computing Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129565746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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