Pub Date : 2021-09-21DOI: 10.25081/jpc.2021.v49.i2.7261
C. Narayana, S. Sreelatha
yield as early screening of a marker yield extraction of the dynamic metabolic rubber biosynthesis of sub-cellular components removal constant supply of energy in the form of supply of sucrose and the availability of ATP plays a significant role in the latex regeneration mobilization of different solutes across lutoid latex high rubber yield
{"title":"Relationship between concentration of ATP in latex and yield potential in seedlings of Hevea brasiliensis and its implications in breeding","authors":"C. Narayana, S. Sreelatha","doi":"10.25081/jpc.2021.v49.i2.7261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jpc.2021.v49.i2.7261","url":null,"abstract":"yield as early screening of a marker yield extraction of the dynamic metabolic rubber biosynthesis of sub-cellular components removal constant supply of energy in the form of supply of sucrose and the availability of ATP plays a significant role in the latex regeneration mobilization of different solutes across lutoid latex high rubber yield","PeriodicalId":36468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plantation Crops","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47796848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-21DOI: 10.25081/jpc.2021.v49.i2.7262
B. Kalaiselvi, R. Hegde, K. A. Anil Kumar, R. Vasundhara, S. Dharumarajan, R. Srinivasan, M. Lalitha, S. K. Singh
{"title":"Soil organic carbon stocks (SOCS) in different land uses of Western Ghats, Karnataka - A case study","authors":"B. Kalaiselvi, R. Hegde, K. A. Anil Kumar, R. Vasundhara, S. Dharumarajan, R. Srinivasan, M. Lalitha, S. K. Singh","doi":"10.25081/jpc.2021.v49.i2.7262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jpc.2021.v49.i2.7262","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plantation Crops","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49014421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-21DOI: 10.25081/jpc.2021.v49.i2.7254
R. Vasundhara, N. B. Prakash, K. A. Anil Kumar, R. Hegde, S. Dharumarajan
The present study was undertaken to assess the soil fertility status of major coconut and arecanut growing soils in different agro-climatic conditions of Karnataka. Based on the agro-climate variability, thirty typical soil pedons representing five different agro-climatic zones (ACZs) of Karnataka, namely, eastern dry zone (EDZ), southern dry zone (SDZ), southern transitional zone (STZ), hilly zone (HZ), and coastal zone (CZ) were studied for their physicochemical properties. The study revealed that soils of semi-arid (EDZ and SDZ) and sub-humid (STZ) zones have near neutral to moderately alkaline reaction and humid region soils (coastal and hilly zones) have high acidity. The soils are non-saline with low cation exchange capacity. Greater soil organic carbon was recorded in arecanut soils than coconut under all ACZs except coastal zone. The major nutrients status of the soil samples indicated that the available nitrogen is low in all the pedons; the pooled data of available nitrogen content was higher in arecanut (166.3 kg ha-1) than coconut (152.6 kg ha-1), and hilly zone soils recorded higher available nitrogen. A wide range of available P2O5 was noticed in coconut and arecanut soils, ranging from 1.0 to 64.2 kg ha-1. The coconut soils (11.5 kg ha-1) recorded higher available P2O5 than arecanut soils (9.62 kg ha-1) when data were pooled. The soils were low to medium in available potassium, and a higher available K2O content was recorded in arecanut soils (151.7 kg ha-1) compared to coconut (110.1 kg ha-1). The available K2O ranged from 66.8 to 511.7 kg ha-1 in the surface and 37.6 to 461.2 kg ha-1 in sub-surface soils.
本研究评估了卡纳塔克邦不同农业气候条件下主要椰子和槟榔种植土壤的土壤肥力状况。基于农业气候变率，对卡纳塔克邦东部干旱区(EDZ)、南部干旱区(SDZ)、南部过渡带(STZ)、丘陵区(HZ)和海岸带(CZ) 5个不同农业气候带(acz)的30个典型土壤土壤基的理化性质进行了研究。研究表明，半干旱区(EDZ和SDZ)和半湿润区(STZ)土壤的碱性接近中性至中碱性，湿润区(沿海和丘陵)土壤的酸性较高。土壤不含盐，阳离子交换能力低。在除海岸带外的所有acz下，槟榔土壤有机碳含量均高于椰子土壤。土壤样品的主要养分状况表明，所有土壤的速效氮都很低;有效氮含量汇总数据表明，槟榔(166.3 kg ha-1)高于椰子(152.6 kg ha-1)，丘陵区土壤有效氮含量较高。在椰子和槟榔土壤中，有效P2O5的范围很广，从1.0到64.2 kg ha-1不等。汇总数据时，椰子土(11.5 kg ha-1)的有效P2O5含量高于花生土(9.62 kg ha-1)。土壤速效钾含量低至中等，槟榔土壤速效钾含量(151.7 kg ha-1)高于椰子土壤速效钾含量(110.1 kg ha-1)。表层土壤有效K2O为66.8 ~ 511.7 kg ha-1，地下土壤有效K2O为37.6 ~ 461.2 kg ha-1。
{"title":"Soil fertility status of coconut and arecanut growing soils","authors":"R. Vasundhara, N. B. Prakash, K. A. Anil Kumar, R. Hegde, S. Dharumarajan","doi":"10.25081/jpc.2021.v49.i2.7254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jpc.2021.v49.i2.7254","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was undertaken to assess the soil fertility status of major coconut and arecanut growing soils in different agro-climatic conditions of Karnataka. Based on the agro-climate variability, thirty typical soil pedons representing five different agro-climatic zones (ACZs) of Karnataka, namely, eastern dry zone (EDZ), southern dry zone (SDZ), southern transitional zone (STZ), hilly zone (HZ), and coastal zone (CZ) were studied for their physicochemical properties. The study revealed that soils of semi-arid (EDZ and SDZ) and sub-humid (STZ) zones have near neutral to moderately alkaline reaction and humid region soils (coastal and hilly zones) have high acidity. The soils are non-saline with low cation exchange capacity. Greater soil organic carbon was recorded in arecanut soils than coconut under all ACZs except coastal zone. The major nutrients status of the soil samples indicated that the available nitrogen is low in all the pedons; the pooled data of available nitrogen content was higher in arecanut (166.3 kg ha-1) than coconut (152.6 kg ha-1), and hilly zone soils recorded higher available nitrogen. A wide range of available P2O5 was noticed in coconut and arecanut soils, ranging from 1.0 to 64.2 kg ha-1. The coconut soils (11.5 kg ha-1) recorded higher available P2O5 than arecanut soils (9.62 kg ha-1) when data were pooled. The soils were low to medium in available potassium, and a higher available K2O content was recorded in arecanut soils (151.7 kg ha-1) compared to coconut (110.1 kg ha-1). The available K2O ranged from 66.8 to 511.7 kg ha-1 in the surface and 37.6 to 461.2 kg ha-1 in sub-surface soils.","PeriodicalId":36468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plantation Crops","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46971497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-21DOI: 10.25081/jpc.2021.v49.i2.7257
P. A. Babu, N. Leela, J. Venkatesh, D. Prasath
Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the important and widely used spices throughout the world in fresh and dried forms. The study on quality characterization and essential oil profiling of 13 ginger genotypes was conducted at ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode, Kerala, during 2019-2020. The genotypes included eight promising exotic accessions (Acc. 393, Acc. 607, Acc. 736, Acc. 833, Acc. 869, Acc. 872, Acc. 873 and Acc. 874), four popular cultivars (Nadan, Himachal, Maran, Rio-de-Janeiro) and a released variety IISR Varada. Significant differences among the genotypes were recorded for various quality parameters such as oleoresin, essential oil and crude fibre content. Among the exotic genotypes, Acc. 869 recorded the highest essential oil content (2.44%), followed by Acc. 393 (2.42%), Acc. 833 and Acc. 873 (2.10%). The accessions, Acc. 869, Acc. 874, Acc. 873 and Acc. 393 recorded higher oleoresin content of 5.88 per cent, 5.63 per cent, 5.34 per cent and 5.28 per cent, respectively. Considering essential oil and oleoresin contents, the exotic accessions, Acc. 873, Acc. 393 and Acc. 869 were identified as promising genotypes. Among the other genotypes, Rio-de-Janeiro recorded the highest essential oil (2.76%) and oleoresin content (6.69%). The exotic genotypes, viz., Acc. 607, Acc. 736 and Acc. 393 recorded crude fibre content of less than 5 per cent whereas, Acc. 869 recorded the maximum of 7.85 per cent. Fifty compounds were identified through essential oil profiling, and the major classes were sesquiterpene hydrocarbons followed by monoterpene hydrocarbons. The major compound identified was α-zingiberene and was highest in Acc. 393 (30.49%), followed by Maran (30.32%).
生姜（Zingiber officinale）是世界上广泛使用的新鲜和干燥香料之一。2019-2020年，位于喀拉拉邦科日科德的ICAR印度香料研究所对13种姜基因型的品质特征和精油图谱进行了研究。基因型包括8个有前景的外来材料（Acc.393、Acc.607、Acc.736、Acc.833、Acc.869、Acc.872、Acc.873和Acc.874）、4个流行品种（Nadan、Himachal、Maran、Rio de Janeiro）和一个已发布的品种IISR Varada。不同质量参数，如油树脂、精油和粗纤维含量，基因型之间存在显著差异。在外来基因型中，Acc.869的精油含量最高（2.44%），其次是Acc.393（2.42%）、Acc.833和Acc.873（2.10%）。考虑到精油和油树脂的含量，外来材料Acc.873、Acc.393和Acc.869被鉴定为有希望的基因型。在其他基因型中，里约热内卢的精油含量最高（2.76%），油树脂含量最高（6.69%）。外来基因型，即Acc.607、Acc.736和Acc.393，其粗纤维含量低于5%，而Acc.869的粗纤维含量最高，为7.85%。通过精油图谱鉴定出50种化合物，主要类别为倍半萜烃，其次为单萜烃。鉴定出的主要化合物为α-姜烯，以Acc.393最高（30.49%），其次为Maran（30.32%）。
{"title":"Variability of exotic ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) accessions for quality parameters","authors":"P. A. Babu, N. Leela, J. Venkatesh, D. Prasath","doi":"10.25081/jpc.2021.v49.i2.7257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jpc.2021.v49.i2.7257","url":null,"abstract":"Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the important and widely used spices throughout the world in fresh and dried forms. The study on quality characterization and essential oil profiling of 13 ginger genotypes was conducted at ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode, Kerala, during 2019-2020. The genotypes included eight promising exotic accessions (Acc. 393, Acc. 607, Acc. 736, Acc. 833, Acc. 869, Acc. 872, Acc. 873 and Acc. 874), four popular cultivars (Nadan, Himachal, Maran, Rio-de-Janeiro) and a released variety IISR Varada. Significant differences among the genotypes were recorded for various quality parameters such as oleoresin, essential oil and crude fibre content. Among the exotic genotypes, Acc. 869 recorded the highest essential oil content (2.44%), followed by Acc. 393 (2.42%), Acc. 833 and Acc. 873 (2.10%). The accessions, Acc. 869, Acc. 874, Acc. 873 and Acc. 393 recorded higher oleoresin content of 5.88 per cent, 5.63 per cent, 5.34 per cent and 5.28 per cent, respectively. Considering essential oil and oleoresin contents, the exotic accessions, Acc. 873, Acc. 393 and Acc. 869 were identified as promising genotypes. Among the other genotypes, Rio-de-Janeiro recorded the highest essential oil (2.76%) and oleoresin content (6.69%). The exotic genotypes, viz., Acc. 607, Acc. 736 and Acc. 393 recorded crude fibre content of less than 5 per cent whereas, Acc. 869 recorded the maximum of 7.85 per cent. Fifty compounds were identified through essential oil profiling, and the major classes were sesquiterpene hydrocarbons followed by monoterpene hydrocarbons. The major compound identified was α-zingiberene and was highest in Acc. 393 (30.49%), followed by Maran (30.32%).","PeriodicalId":36468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plantation Crops","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49319416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-21DOI: 10.25081/jpc.2021.v49.i2.7260
K. Hebbar, S. Padmanabhan, S. Ramesh, S. K. Bhat, P. P. S. Beegum, R. Pandiselvam, M. Manikantan, Amrith Mathew
Arecanut (Areca catechu L.), also called betel nut, is an economically important palm species (Jaiswal et al., 2011). The palm is cultivated in most South Asian countries, including its major producers, India and China and other countries like Bangladesh, Japan, Malaysia, The Philippines, and Sri Lanka (Ramesh and Mohanraju, 2017). India is the largest producer of arecanut, accounting for 49.74 per cent of the world’s output, and the crop is grown in an area of 4.95 lakh ha with a production of 8.09 lakh tonnes of the dry kernel (http:// www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC). The economically important component of the palm, the fruit, goes for chewing as “supari” owing to its stimulant effects and a minor fraction of the production for other commercial purposes. Thus, the edible endosperm is widely used as a masticatory in India and South East Asia, either alone or as a constituent of the quid along with betel leaves, lime and tobacco. Depending upon the nature of end products, the fruit is harvested at different stages of maturity for processing. The most popular traded form of arecanut is the whole dried nut known as chali or kottapak. The fruit of the palm is dried under direct sunlight for around three weeks or even more to reduce the moisture content to around 12-15 per cent (d.b.) (Kulanthaisami et al., 2007; Kalamullah and Gunasekar, 2002). Subsequently, they are stored in gunny bags or wooden boxes as whole nuts or dehusked nuts until they are sold (Mathew et al., Moisture content and water activity of arecanut samples: A need to revisit storage guidelines
槟榔(arereca catechu L.)又称槟榔，是一种具有重要经济价值的棕榈物种(Jaiswal et al.， 2011)。大多数南亚国家都种植棕榈，包括其主要生产国印度和中国，以及孟加拉国、日本、马来西亚、菲律宾和斯里兰卡等其他国家(Ramesh和Mohanraju, 2017)。印度是最大的槟榔生产国，占世界产量的49.74%，这种作物的种植面积为49.5万公顷，干果仁的产量为80.9万吨(http:// www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC)。棕榈的果实是经济上重要的组成部分，由于其刺激作用和其他商业目的的一小部分生产，被称为“supari”咀嚼。因此，在印度和东南亚，可食用的胚乳被广泛用作咀嚼剂，或者单独使用，或者与槟榔叶、酸橙和烟草一起作为液体的组成部分。根据最终产品的性质，水果在不同的成熟阶段收获进行加工。最受欢迎的槟榔交易形式是被称为chali或kottapak的整个干果。棕榈果实在阳光直射下晒干约三周或更长时间，以将水分含量降低到约12- 15% (d.b。)(Kulanthaisami et al.， 2007;Kalamullah and Gunasekar, 2002)。随后，它们作为整粒坚果或去壳坚果储存在麻袋或木箱中，直到出售(Mathew等人，槟榔样品的水分含量和水分活性:需要重新审视储存指南
{"title":"Moisture content and water activity of arecanut samples: A need to revisit storage guidelines","authors":"K. Hebbar, S. Padmanabhan, S. Ramesh, S. K. Bhat, P. P. S. Beegum, R. Pandiselvam, M. Manikantan, Amrith Mathew","doi":"10.25081/jpc.2021.v49.i2.7260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jpc.2021.v49.i2.7260","url":null,"abstract":"Arecanut (Areca catechu L.), also called betel nut, is an economically important palm species (Jaiswal et al., 2011). The palm is cultivated in most South Asian countries, including its major producers, India and China and other countries like Bangladesh, Japan, Malaysia, The Philippines, and Sri Lanka (Ramesh and Mohanraju, 2017). India is the largest producer of arecanut, accounting for 49.74 per cent of the world’s output, and the crop is grown in an area of 4.95 lakh ha with a production of 8.09 lakh tonnes of the dry kernel (http:// www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC). The economically important component of the palm, the fruit, goes for chewing as “supari” owing to its stimulant effects and a minor fraction of the production for other commercial purposes. Thus, the edible endosperm is widely used as a masticatory in India and South East Asia, either alone or as a constituent of the quid along with betel leaves, lime and tobacco. Depending upon the nature of end products, the fruit is harvested at different stages of maturity for processing. The most popular traded form of arecanut is the whole dried nut known as chali or kottapak. The fruit of the palm is dried under direct sunlight for around three weeks or even more to reduce the moisture content to around 12-15 per cent (d.b.) (Kulanthaisami et al., 2007; Kalamullah and Gunasekar, 2002). Subsequently, they are stored in gunny bags or wooden boxes as whole nuts or dehusked nuts until they are sold (Mathew et al., Moisture content and water activity of arecanut samples: A need to revisit storage guidelines","PeriodicalId":36468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plantation Crops","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46027263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-21DOI: 10.25081/jpc.2021.v49.i2.7259
P. P. Shameena Beegum, Monika Sharma, M. Manikantan, R. Pandiselvam, R. Gupta
A study was conducted to explore the potentiality of coconut milk residue (CMR) for cold extrusion (pasta preparation). Proximate analysis revealed that coconut milk residue is a rich source of crude fibre (24.03%) in addition to crude fat (41.55%), crude protein (5%), total carbohydrates (26.24%) and ash content (0.97%) at 2.23 per cent moisture. The effect of coconut milk residue upon replacing durum wheat semolina on cooking qualities, colour parameters, textural property and overall sensory acceptability of pasta samples were evaluated. Incorporation of coconut milk residue significantly influenced the observed parameters (P<0.01). Cooking time was unaffected by incorporating milk residue up to 10 per cent (P<0.05). Though the addition of residue increased the gruel loss (0.84 to 1.34%), the per cent loss was below the technologically acceptable limit (<8%). A similar effect was visualized in water absorption. Conversely, the firmness gets reduced with an increased concentration of coconut milk residue beyond 10 per cent. Pasta with 5 per cent and 10 per cent coconut milk residue were accepted as that of control by the sensory panel. Free fatty acid content was not affected by the period of storage (P>0.05). Thus, the study recommends incorporating 10 per cent coconut milk residue in durum wheat semolina for pasta preparation. Moreover, the entrepreneurs engaged in the coconut milk/milk powder and virgin coconut oil industry would be benefitted by adopting this venture, wherein they would be able to fetch huge additional income by placing their residue product on an upgraded fast-moving consumer good (FMCG) value chain.
{"title":"Incorporation of coconut milk residue in pasta: Influence on cooking quality, sensory and physical properties","authors":"P. P. Shameena Beegum, Monika Sharma, M. Manikantan, R. Pandiselvam, R. Gupta","doi":"10.25081/jpc.2021.v49.i2.7259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jpc.2021.v49.i2.7259","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted to explore the potentiality of coconut milk residue (CMR) for cold extrusion (pasta preparation). Proximate analysis revealed that coconut milk residue is a rich source of crude fibre (24.03%) in addition to crude fat (41.55%), crude protein (5%), total carbohydrates (26.24%) and ash content (0.97%) at 2.23 per cent moisture. The effect of coconut milk residue upon replacing durum wheat semolina on cooking qualities, colour parameters, textural property and overall sensory acceptability of pasta samples were evaluated. Incorporation of coconut milk residue significantly influenced the observed parameters (P<0.01). Cooking time was unaffected by incorporating milk residue up to 10 per cent (P<0.05). Though the addition of residue increased the gruel loss (0.84 to 1.34%), the per cent loss was below the technologically acceptable limit (<8%). A similar effect was visualized in water absorption. Conversely, the firmness gets reduced with an increased concentration of coconut milk residue beyond 10 per cent. Pasta with 5 per cent and 10 per cent coconut milk residue were accepted as that of control by the sensory panel. Free fatty acid content was not affected by the period of storage (P>0.05). Thus, the study recommends incorporating 10 per cent coconut milk residue in durum wheat semolina for pasta preparation. Moreover, the entrepreneurs engaged in the coconut milk/milk powder and virgin coconut oil industry would be benefitted by adopting this venture, wherein they would be able to fetch huge additional income by placing their residue product on an upgraded fast-moving consumer good (FMCG) value chain.","PeriodicalId":36468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plantation Crops","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43572437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-21DOI: 10.25081/jpc.2021.v49.i2.7255
R. Srinivasan, K. A. Kumar, M. Chandrakala, K. Niranjana, N. Maddileti, R. Hegde
Six soil series representing major coconut growing soils of the Eastern Ghats in Krishnagiri district of Tamil Nadu State, India, were evolved from granite gneiss and alluvium parent materials. Characterization of different soil properties was done using a detailed soil survey at 1:10000 scale. The soils were neutral to moderately alkaline in reaction (7.31 to 9.19), non-saline, poor to moderately well-drained and moderately shallow (<75 cm) to very deep (>150 cm) in depth. The soils were sandy to clay in texture, sub-angular blocky to crumb in structure, dark reddish-brown to brown, very low to high in OC content (0.06 to 2.70%), low to medium in AWC (3.44 to 22.39%), low to high in CEC (4.70 to 54.0 cmol (p+) kg-1) and having high base saturation (77 to 100%). The soils also had sizable amounts of exchangeable sodium (4.29 to 33.46%), which was maximum in P5, P6 and P1, and high clay content in P5 and P2. The distribution of CaCO3 in different depths was found to be maximum in P4 and P1. The soil orders identified in the coconut area were Inceptisols, Entisols, Alfisols and Vertisols. Assessment of soil resources and identification of yield-limiting soils factors on coconut could be by way of better management and improved productivity.
{"title":"Characterization and classification of major coconut growing soils in South Eastern Ghats of Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"R. Srinivasan, K. A. Kumar, M. Chandrakala, K. Niranjana, N. Maddileti, R. Hegde","doi":"10.25081/jpc.2021.v49.i2.7255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jpc.2021.v49.i2.7255","url":null,"abstract":"Six soil series representing major coconut growing soils of the Eastern Ghats in Krishnagiri district of Tamil Nadu State, India, were evolved from granite gneiss and alluvium parent materials. Characterization of different soil properties was done using a detailed soil survey at 1:10000 scale. The soils were neutral to moderately alkaline in reaction (7.31 to 9.19), non-saline, poor to moderately well-drained and moderately shallow (<75 cm) to very deep (>150 cm) in depth. The soils were sandy to clay in texture, sub-angular blocky to crumb in structure, dark reddish-brown to brown, very low to high in OC content (0.06 to 2.70%), low to medium in AWC (3.44 to 22.39%), low to high in CEC (4.70 to 54.0 cmol (p+) kg-1) and having high base saturation (77 to 100%). The soils also had sizable amounts of exchangeable sodium (4.29 to 33.46%), which was maximum in P5, P6 and P1, and high clay content in P5 and P2. The distribution of CaCO3 in different depths was found to be maximum in P4 and P1. The soil orders identified in the coconut area were Inceptisols, Entisols, Alfisols and Vertisols. Assessment of soil resources and identification of yield-limiting soils factors on coconut could be by way of better management and improved productivity.","PeriodicalId":36468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plantation Crops","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47422698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-21DOI: 10.25081/jpc.2021.v49.i2.6636
R. M. Phukon, J. C. Nath, S. Sumitha, H. P. Maheswarappa, E. Apshara
A field experiment was conducted at Horticultural Research Station (AICRP on Palms), Kahikuchi of Assam Agricultural University for three consecutive years (2018-20) to study the initial performance of cocoa clones as intercrop in adult coconut (Cocos nucifera L) garden spaced at 7.5 m × 7.5 m taking sixteen cocoa clones. Data on tree height, stem girth, number of pods, pod weight, number of beans pod-1, dry bean weight tree-1 year-1 and single dry bean weight revealed significant variations among the 16 cocoa clones. Dried beans are the prime economic produce of cocoa, and single dry bean weight ranged from 0.95 to 1.4 g. With respect to dry bean yield tree-1, VTLC-20 recorded a significantly higher dry bean yield of 2.2 kg tree-1 followed by VTLC-18 (1.5 kg tree-1) compared to other cocoa clones, and eight clones yielded more than 1.0 kg dry bean tree-1. Results showed that the number of leaves on the crown, number of inflorescences per palm and nut yield of coconut was not negatively affected; rather, there was an increase in the yield of coconut over a period.
在阿萨姆邦农业大学Kahikuchi园艺研究站(AICRP on Palms)连续3年(2018- 2020年)进行了田间试验，研究了可可无性系作为间作作物在7.5 m × 7.5 m的成年椰子园(Cocos nucifera L)中的初步表现。16个可可无性系的树高、茎周长、荚数、荚重、荚1号数、树-1年干豆重和单株干豆重均存在显著差异。干豆是可可的主要经济产品，单粒干豆重0.95 ~ 1.4克。在干豆产量方面，与其他可可无性系相比，VTLC-20的干豆产量显著提高，为2.2 kg tree-1，其次是VTLC-18 (1.5 kg tree-1)， 8个无性系的干豆产量超过1.0 kg tree-1。结果表明，对椰子的树冠叶数、单掌花序数和坚果产量没有负面影响;相反，在一段时间内，椰子的产量有所增加。
{"title":"Early evaluation of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) clones as intercrop in coconut gardens under red river region of Assam State, India","authors":"R. M. Phukon, J. C. Nath, S. Sumitha, H. P. Maheswarappa, E. Apshara","doi":"10.25081/jpc.2021.v49.i2.6636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jpc.2021.v49.i2.6636","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted at Horticultural Research Station (AICRP on Palms), Kahikuchi of Assam Agricultural University for three consecutive years (2018-20) to study the initial performance of cocoa clones as intercrop in adult coconut (Cocos nucifera L) garden spaced at 7.5 m × 7.5 m taking sixteen cocoa clones. Data on tree height, stem girth, number of pods, pod weight, number of beans pod-1, dry bean weight tree-1 year-1 and single dry bean weight revealed significant variations among the 16 cocoa clones. Dried beans are the prime economic produce of cocoa, and single dry bean weight ranged from 0.95 to 1.4 g. With respect to dry bean yield tree-1, VTLC-20 recorded a significantly higher dry bean yield of 2.2 kg tree-1 followed by VTLC-18 (1.5 kg tree-1) compared to other cocoa clones, and eight clones yielded more than 1.0 kg dry bean tree-1. Results showed that the number of leaves on the crown, number of inflorescences per palm and nut yield of coconut was not negatively affected; rather, there was an increase in the yield of coconut over a period.","PeriodicalId":36468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plantation Crops","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43175970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-21DOI: 10.25081/jpc.2021.v49.i2.7256
B. Sudha, J. John, A. Meera, A. Sajeena, D. Jacob, J. Bindhu
A coconut-based integrated farming system (IFS) model suited for lowlands was developed at the Integrated Farming System Research Station (IFSRS), Karamana, Kerala State, India, under Kerala Agricultural University. The area of the model was decided as 0.2 ha, matching the average per capita land availability of a marginal farmer in the State. Apart from the major crop coconut, intercrops, such as vegetables, fruit crops, spices, fodder and tuber crops were included in the model. The allied enterprises integrated were livestock, azolla, and agroforestry. Tree components of the model comprised of teak, jack, breadfruit, garcinia and mango. Research data for five years revealed that the model generated food products above the requirement of a four-member family, and the surplus production could contribute to farmer’s income. The productivity under the IFS model was enhanced ten-folds compared to that under the sole crop of coconut for the same area. Plant nutrients were generated within the farm through organic recycling, which contributed to the substantial saving of chemical fertilizers. The system was found climate-smart because of reduced use of chemical fertilizers and net negative emission of greenhouse gases mostly achieved through agroforestry. This IFS model could also ensure considerable employment generation. The model could be adopted by farmers of lowland tracts of Kerala having similar agro-climatic features for better economic returns and environmental benefits.
{"title":"Coconut based integrated farming: A climate-smart model for food security and economic prosperity","authors":"B. Sudha, J. John, A. Meera, A. Sajeena, D. Jacob, J. Bindhu","doi":"10.25081/jpc.2021.v49.i2.7256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jpc.2021.v49.i2.7256","url":null,"abstract":"A coconut-based integrated farming system (IFS) model suited for lowlands was developed at the Integrated Farming System Research Station (IFSRS), Karamana, Kerala State, India, under Kerala Agricultural University. The area of the model was decided as 0.2 ha, matching the average per capita land availability of a marginal farmer in the State. Apart from the major crop coconut, intercrops, such as vegetables, fruit crops, spices, fodder and tuber crops were included in the model. The allied enterprises integrated were livestock, azolla, and agroforestry. Tree components of the model comprised of teak, jack, breadfruit, garcinia and mango. Research data for five years revealed that the model generated food products above the requirement of a four-member family, and the surplus production could contribute to farmer’s income. The productivity under the IFS model was enhanced ten-folds compared to that under the sole crop of coconut for the same area. Plant nutrients were generated within the farm through organic recycling, which contributed to the substantial saving of chemical fertilizers. The system was found climate-smart because of reduced use of chemical fertilizers and net negative emission of greenhouse gases mostly achieved through agroforestry. This IFS model could also ensure considerable employment generation. The model could be adopted by farmers of lowland tracts of Kerala having similar agro-climatic features for better economic returns and environmental benefits.","PeriodicalId":36468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plantation Crops","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45056063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-26DOI: 10.25081/JPC.2021.V49.I1.7055
L. Singh, Anok Uchoi, G. Acharya, S. E. Apshara, Alpana Das
Cocoa is an important plantation crop grown in southern parts of India. Though many cocoa varieties have been released for cultivation in different parts of India, there is no variety recommended for cultivation exclusively for India’s North East region, especially Assam, where arecanut is grown as an important cash crop. Therefore the present investigation was undertaken to study the performance of 12 cocoa genotypes for its growth, pod yield and yield attributing traits for subsequent research programmes. The data for growth, pod yield and yield attributing traits were recorded three years after planting for five years (2015 to 2019), and the mean data were used for analysis. Genotype VTLC 11 significantly produced greater plant height (2.70 m), stem circumference (27.73 cm), height at jorquetting (36.16 cm) and canopy area (17.00 m2). Mean average pod yield among the genotypes varied from 20.65 to 48.40 tree-1 year-1. Genotype VTLC 19 produced significantly higher pod yield (48.40), number of fresh beans pod-1 (34.06), fresh bean weight pod-1 (229.65 g), dry bean weight pod-1 (119.32 g), single dry bean weight (1.20 g) and dry bean yield (1.76 kg). Considering the most economic traits of cocoa, VTLC 19 appears to be the most suitable genotype for commercial cultivation in the region.
{"title":"Early performance of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.)genotypes in arecanut under Assam condition of North Eastregion of India","authors":"L. Singh, Anok Uchoi, G. Acharya, S. E. Apshara, Alpana Das","doi":"10.25081/JPC.2021.V49.I1.7055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/JPC.2021.V49.I1.7055","url":null,"abstract":"Cocoa is an important plantation crop grown in southern parts of India. Though many cocoa varieties have been released for cultivation in different parts of India, there is no variety recommended for cultivation exclusively for India’s North East region, especially Assam, where arecanut is grown as an important cash crop. Therefore the present investigation was undertaken to study the performance of 12 cocoa genotypes for its growth, pod yield and yield attributing traits for subsequent research programmes. The data for growth, pod yield and yield attributing traits were recorded three years after planting for five years (2015 to 2019), and the mean data were used for analysis. Genotype VTLC 11 significantly produced greater plant height (2.70 m), stem circumference (27.73 cm), height at jorquetting (36.16 cm) and canopy area (17.00 m2). Mean average pod yield among the genotypes varied from 20.65 to 48.40 tree-1 year-1. Genotype VTLC 19 produced significantly higher pod yield (48.40), number of fresh beans pod-1 (34.06), fresh bean weight pod-1 (229.65 g), dry bean weight pod-1 (119.32 g), single dry bean weight (1.20 g) and dry bean yield (1.76 kg). Considering the most economic traits of cocoa, VTLC 19 appears to be the most suitable genotype for commercial cultivation in the region.","PeriodicalId":36468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plantation Crops","volume":" 46","pages":"7-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41254856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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