Pub Date : 2020-12-11DOI: 10.25081/JPC.2020.V48.I3.6632
Pradeep, K. A. Kumar, R. Avinash, K. Karthika
A study was conducted to assess the status of soil organic carbon stocks under selected plantation and altered and natural ecosystems in southern Karnataka. Seven locations were identified for the study following the agro-climatic variability. The sites identified were Brahmavara in Udupi (coastal zone), Balehonnur in Chikkamagalur (hilly zone), Madnur and Salegrama in Hassan (northern and southern transitional zone), Alburu in Tumkur (eastern and southern dry zone), Babbur and Javagamatur in Chitradurga (central dry zone). In each of these zones, natural forest ecosystems were assessed in comparison to the plantation-based ecosystems to understand the changes in soil development with emphasis to soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. The SOC stocks at the surface varied from 1.24 to 6.44 kg m-3 in forests and from 1.53 to 6.51 kg m-3 in different plantation ecosystems. It was found from the study that SOC stocks followed the order hilly zone (per-humid climate) > coastal zone (hot humid climate) > eastern and southern dry zone (moist semi-arid climate) > northern and southern transitional zone (dry sub-humid climate) > central dry zone (dry semi-arid climate). The soils belonged to the order Ultisols and Alfisols. The major taxa of the soils identified at sub-group level of soil taxonomy are Rhodic Kandiustults, Typic Plinthohumults, Ustic Haplohumults, Typic Rhodustalfs, Rhodic Paleustalfs, Kandic Paleustalfs and Typic Haplustalfs.
以印度卡纳塔克邦南部为研究对象，研究了人工生态系统和自然生态系统对土壤有机碳储量的影响。根据农业气候变化确定了7个研究地点。确定的遗址有Udupi的Brahmavara(沿海地区)、Chikkamagalur的Balehonnur(丘陵地区)、Hassan的Madnur和Salegrama(北部和南部过渡区)、Tumkur的Alburu(东部和南部干旱区)、Chitradurga的Babbur和Javagamatur(中部干旱区)。通过与人工林生态系统的比较，对每个区域的天然林生态系统进行了评估，以了解土壤发育的变化，重点是土壤有机碳(SOC)储量。不同人工林生态系统地表有机碳储量在1.24 ~ 6.44 kg m-3之间，在1.53 ~ 6.51 kg m-3之间。研究发现，土壤有机碳储量的分布顺序为丘陵区(湿润气候)>海岸带(湿热气候)>东部和南部干旱区(湿润半干旱气候)>北部和南部过渡带(干燥半湿润气候)>中部干旱区(干燥半干旱气候)。这些土壤属于超土目和超土目。土壤的主要类群在亚群体水平的土壤分类识别是暗红色Kandiustults,典型的Plinthohumults, Ustic Haplohumults,典型的Rhodustalfs,暗红色Paleustalfs,高岭层Paleustalfs和象征性的Haplustalfs。
{"title":"Assessment of the status of soil organic carbon stocks under natural forest and plantation ecosystems in southern Karnataka","authors":"Pradeep, K. A. Kumar, R. Avinash, K. Karthika","doi":"10.25081/JPC.2020.V48.I3.6632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/JPC.2020.V48.I3.6632","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted to assess the status of soil organic carbon stocks under selected plantation and altered and natural ecosystems in southern Karnataka. Seven locations were identified for the study following the agro-climatic variability. The sites identified were Brahmavara in Udupi (coastal zone), Balehonnur in Chikkamagalur (hilly zone), Madnur and Salegrama in Hassan (northern and southern transitional zone), Alburu in Tumkur (eastern and southern dry zone), Babbur and Javagamatur in Chitradurga (central dry zone). In each of these zones, natural forest ecosystems were assessed in comparison to the plantation-based ecosystems to understand the changes in soil development with emphasis to soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. The SOC stocks at the surface varied from 1.24 to 6.44 kg m-3 in forests and from 1.53 to 6.51 kg m-3 in different plantation ecosystems. It was found from the study that SOC stocks followed the order hilly zone (per-humid climate) > coastal zone (hot humid climate) > eastern and southern dry zone (moist semi-arid climate) > northern and southern transitional zone (dry sub-humid climate) > central dry zone (dry semi-arid climate). The soils belonged to the order Ultisols and Alfisols. The major taxa of the soils identified at sub-group level of soil taxonomy are Rhodic Kandiustults, Typic Plinthohumults, Ustic Haplohumults, Typic Rhodustalfs, Rhodic Paleustalfs, Kandic Paleustalfs and Typic Haplustalfs.","PeriodicalId":36468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plantation Crops","volume":"1 1","pages":"237-246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69215589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-11DOI: 10.25081/JPC.2020.V48.I3.6629
U. Baby
Presence of iron filings in made tea (MT) is a serious issue in the tea industry with the implementation of FSSAI regulations. In this scenario, the estimation of iron filings in tea is a critical operation. Unfortunately, the widely accepted method of analysis as per IS 3633 is having a lot of limitations to obtain a reproducible result. Attempts were made to quantify the possible factors affecting the accuracy of the result. Critical attempts were also made to investigate the impact of iron filings on the quality attributes of made tea as well as the tea liquor. Other aspects like adulteration of tea with iron filings and its possible health hazards are also discussed.
{"title":"Iron filings in tea and its impact on the quality attributes of made tea and tea liquor","authors":"U. Baby","doi":"10.25081/JPC.2020.V48.I3.6629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/JPC.2020.V48.I3.6629","url":null,"abstract":"Presence of iron filings in made tea (MT) is a serious issue in the tea industry with the implementation of FSSAI regulations. In this scenario, the estimation of iron filings in tea is a critical operation. Unfortunately, the widely accepted method of analysis as per IS 3633 is having a lot of limitations to obtain a reproducible result. Attempts were made to quantify the possible factors affecting the accuracy of the result. Critical attempts were also made to investigate the impact of iron filings on the quality attributes of made tea as well as the tea liquor. Other aspects like adulteration of tea with iron filings and its possible health hazards are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":36468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plantation Crops","volume":"1 1","pages":"213-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43267207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-11DOI: 10.25081/JPC.2020.V48.I3.6631
R. Chitra, D. Janaki, P. JansiRani
Betel vine (Piper betel) cultivation and the consumption of betel leaves is a very traditional and widespread practice in India and many South-East Asian countries. The marginal and small farmers generally cultivate betel vine in their small holdings which provide them with a means of alternative cash earning to meet their day to day livelihood. Chewing betel leaves is an old habit of the people residing in subtropical countries. It is used in several traditional remedies for the treatment of stomach ailments, infections and as a general tonic. As betel leaf is directly chewed, there is a need to improve the leaf yield and to optimize the usage of manures for the leaf production. A study was taken up to assess the efficacy of some of the bio-inoculants in combination with inorganic fertilizers in betel vine cv. SGM 1 under an open system of deep trench method. Among the various treatments, Azospirillum @ 5 kg coupled with 100 kg each of P and K ha -1 had recorded the highest vine length (195.6 cm), more number of laterals per vine (22.3) and highest leaf yield ha-1 (44.7 lakh).
{"title":"Effect of bio-inoculants on growth and yield of betel vine (Piper betle)","authors":"R. Chitra, D. Janaki, P. JansiRani","doi":"10.25081/JPC.2020.V48.I3.6631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/JPC.2020.V48.I3.6631","url":null,"abstract":"Betel vine (Piper betel) cultivation and the consumption of betel leaves is a very traditional and widespread practice in India and many South-East Asian countries. The marginal and small farmers generally cultivate betel vine in their small holdings which provide them with a means of alternative cash earning to meet their day to day livelihood. Chewing betel leaves is an old habit of the people residing in subtropical countries. It is used in several traditional remedies for the treatment of stomach ailments, infections and as a general tonic. As betel leaf is directly chewed, there is a need to improve the leaf yield and to optimize the usage of manures for the leaf production. A study was taken up to assess the efficacy of some of the bio-inoculants in combination with inorganic fertilizers in betel vine cv. SGM 1 under an open system of deep trench method. Among the various treatments, Azospirillum @ 5 kg coupled with 100 kg each of P and K ha -1 had recorded the highest vine length (195.6 cm), more number of laterals per vine (22.3) and highest leaf yield ha-1 (44.7 lakh).","PeriodicalId":36468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plantation Crops","volume":"1 1","pages":"232-236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46089011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-28DOI: 10.25081/jpc.2020.v48.i2.6371
Ravindra Naik, R. H. Sadvatha, T. Senthilkumar, V. Balaji
India is a major arecanut (Areca catechu L.) growing country. Of the many problems identified in arecanut processing, dehusking is found to be a major one, which is cumbersome and needs to be mechanised. Presently, there are a few types of equipments available, but these machines are basically of low capacity and cater to small arecanut growers. Performance evaluation of three high capacity green arecanut dehusking equipments was taken up, to work out its possible adoption for entrepreneurship development. Equipment under evaluation consisted of power mounted dehusker with hook tooth cutting blade fixed in a cutting wheel to dehusk the outer shell with a nut ejection system coupled with a vibrating deck of trays to grade and convey the dehusked nuts. The Blade-Knurl shaft speed ratio was optimised as 1:11. Whole nut recovery per cent ranged from 81.84 ± 1.87 to 82.52 ± 1.95 per cent. The unhusked per cent and partially husked percentage ranged from 7.60 ± 3.71 to 7.81 ± 4.68 and 8.29 ± 2.15 to 8.85 ± 2.82, respectively. The broken nut percentage ranged from 1.03 ± 1.36 to 2.06 ± 2.72 percentage. The total cost of operation for two-belt, four-belt and six-belt model was ` 162 h-1,` 237 h-1 and ` 262 h-1, respectively. Better dehusking efficiency with reduced damage to the nuts achieved in mechanical dehusking would enable the farmer to realise additional yield with saving in time and lower cost of operation.
{"title":"Performance evaluation of high capacity mechanised dehusking equipment for green arecanut (Areca catechu L.)","authors":"Ravindra Naik, R. H. Sadvatha, T. Senthilkumar, V. Balaji","doi":"10.25081/jpc.2020.v48.i2.6371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jpc.2020.v48.i2.6371","url":null,"abstract":"India is a major arecanut (Areca catechu L.) growing country. Of the many problems identified in arecanut processing, dehusking is found to be a major one, which is cumbersome and needs to be mechanised. Presently, there are a few types of equipments available, but these machines are basically of low capacity and cater to small arecanut growers. Performance evaluation of three high capacity green arecanut dehusking equipments was taken up, to work out its possible adoption for entrepreneurship development. Equipment under evaluation consisted of power mounted dehusker with hook tooth cutting blade fixed in a cutting wheel to dehusk the outer shell with a nut ejection system coupled with a vibrating deck of trays to grade and convey the dehusked nuts. The Blade-Knurl shaft speed ratio was optimised as 1:11. Whole nut recovery per cent ranged from 81.84 ± 1.87 to 82.52 ± 1.95 per cent. The unhusked per cent and partially husked percentage ranged from 7.60 ± 3.71 to 7.81 ± 4.68 and 8.29 ± 2.15 to 8.85 ± 2.82, respectively. The broken nut percentage ranged from 1.03 ± 1.36 to 2.06 ± 2.72 percentage. The total cost of operation for two-belt, four-belt and six-belt model was ` 162 h-1,` 237 h-1 and ` 262 h-1, respectively. Better dehusking efficiency with reduced damage to the nuts achieved in mechanical dehusking would enable the farmer to realise additional yield with saving in time and lower cost of operation.","PeriodicalId":36468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plantation Crops","volume":"1 1","pages":"126-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42013357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-28DOI: 10.25081/jpc.2020.v48.i2.6366
R. Lakshmanan, T. Meenakumari, V. Thomas
Long term performance of four hybrid Hevea clones and ten ortet selections including nine from a high elevation site within the traditional rubber growing tract of Kerala was studied. Significant variability was observed among the hybrids and ortets for all major agronomic traits. Growth of rubber trees was invariably poor in the high altitude region and tappability by the tenth year of planting was less than 50 per cent. The hybrid clones RRII 203 and RRIC 100 showed highest growth vigour with 80 per cent tappability by the 13th year of planting. Among the ortets, P 270 and Iritty 1 recorded the highest tappability of 64 per cent. The ortet P 270 was the best performer with the highest girth at the opening (61 cm), girth increment during immaturity (5.5 cm) on tapping (3.4 cm) and bole volume (0.1 m3). RRII 203 was the highest yielding clone with 56 g tree-1 tap-1 over eight years of tapping. High annual yield (48 g tree-1 tap-1) and lean season yield of P 270 combined with high drc on par with the highest yielding clone RRII 203 indicated the specific adaptability of this ortet to high elevation areas. The ortets P 213 and Iritty 1 and hybrid clone RRIC 100 were the other promising clones exhibiting growth adaptation and high yield potential under high altitude conditions.
研究了4个胶树杂交无性系和10个胶树选材的长期生长性能，其中9个选材来自喀拉拉邦传统橡胶种植区的高海拔地区。杂交种和小杂交种在所有主要农艺性状上均存在显著差异。高海拔地区橡胶树的生长始终较差，种植第10年时的可采性低于50%。杂交无性系rrii203和RRIC 100在种植第13年时的可采性达到80%，表现出最高的生长活力。其中，p270和Iritty 1的抽穗率最高，达64%。p270表现最好，其开口周长最高(61 cm)，未成熟阶段抽穗周长增加5.5 cm (3.4 cm)，孔体积最高(0.1 m3)。rrii203是产量最高的无性系，8年产量达到56 g。p270的高年产量(48 g tree-1 tap-1)和丰产季产量与最高产量无性系rrii203相当，表明该品种对高海拔地区具有特殊的适应性。另外，在高海拔条件下表现出生长适应性和高产潜力的无性系是大鼠p213、Iritty 1和杂交无性系RRIC 100。
{"title":"Long term performance of certain ortets and hybrid clones of Hevea brasiliensis in a high altitude region in Kerala, India","authors":"R. Lakshmanan, T. Meenakumari, V. Thomas","doi":"10.25081/jpc.2020.v48.i2.6366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jpc.2020.v48.i2.6366","url":null,"abstract":"Long term performance of four hybrid Hevea clones and ten ortet selections including nine from a high elevation site within the traditional rubber growing tract of Kerala was studied. Significant variability was observed among the hybrids and ortets for all major agronomic traits. Growth of rubber trees was invariably poor in the high altitude region and tappability by the tenth year of planting was less than 50 per cent. The hybrid clones RRII 203 and RRIC 100 showed highest growth vigour with 80 per cent tappability by the 13th year of planting. Among the ortets, P 270 and Iritty 1 recorded the highest tappability of 64 per cent. The ortet P 270 was the best performer with the highest girth at the opening (61 cm), girth increment during immaturity (5.5 cm) on tapping (3.4 cm) and bole volume (0.1 m3). RRII 203 was the highest yielding clone with 56 g tree-1 tap-1 over eight years of tapping. High annual yield (48 g tree-1 tap-1) and lean season yield of P 270 combined with high drc on par with the highest yielding clone RRII 203 indicated the specific adaptability of this ortet to high elevation areas. The ortets P 213 and Iritty 1 and hybrid clone RRIC 100 were the other promising clones exhibiting growth adaptation and high yield potential under high altitude conditions.","PeriodicalId":36468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plantation Crops","volume":"1 1","pages":"82-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43158725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-28DOI: 10.25081/jpc.2020.v48.i2.6370
K. Elango, S. Nelson
The rugose spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin is a new exotic pest occurring in several crops including coconut since 2016 in India. Due to variation in the agro-climatic conditions of different regions, arthropods show varying trends in their incidence also in nature and extent of damage to the crop. Besides, abiotic factors also play a key role in determining the incidence and dominance of a particular pest and their natural enemies in a crop ecosystem. The population dynamics of new exotic whitefly species, A. rugioperculatus and their associated natural enemies was assessed on five-year-old Chowghat Orange Dwarf coconut trees at Coconut Farm of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University. The study indicated that RSW was found throughout the year on coconut and the observation recorded on weekly interval basis shows that A. rugioperculatus population escalated from the first week of July 2018 (130.8 nymph leaf-1 frond-1) reaching the maximum during the first week of October (161.0 nymph leaf-1 frond-1) which subsequently dwindled to a minimum during April. The parasitisation by E. guadeloupae on RSW ranged from 31.60 per cent in Aug. 2018 to 57.60 per cent in December 2018. The association of biotic and abiotic factors with A. rugioperculatus population showed a negative correlation with E. guadeloupae and C. montrouzieri. There was a significant positive correlation between maximum temperature and minimum temperature as well as relative humidity. However, rainfall showed a negative correlation with A. rugioperculatus population.
{"title":"Population dynamics of exotic rugose spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on coconut as influenced by weather factors and natural enemies","authors":"K. Elango, S. Nelson","doi":"10.25081/jpc.2020.v48.i2.6370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jpc.2020.v48.i2.6370","url":null,"abstract":"The rugose spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin is a new exotic pest occurring in several crops including coconut since 2016 in India. Due to variation in the agro-climatic conditions of different regions, arthropods show varying trends in their incidence also in nature and extent of damage to the crop. Besides, abiotic factors also play a key role in determining the incidence and dominance of a particular pest and their natural enemies in a crop ecosystem. The population dynamics of new exotic whitefly species, A. rugioperculatus and their associated natural enemies was assessed on five-year-old Chowghat Orange Dwarf coconut trees at Coconut Farm of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University. The study indicated that RSW was found throughout the year on coconut and the observation recorded on weekly interval basis shows that A. rugioperculatus population escalated from the first week of July 2018 (130.8 nymph leaf-1 frond-1) reaching the maximum during the first week of October (161.0 nymph leaf-1 frond-1) which subsequently dwindled to a minimum during April. The parasitisation by E. guadeloupae on RSW ranged from 31.60 per cent in Aug. 2018 to 57.60 per cent in December 2018. The association of biotic and abiotic factors with A. rugioperculatus population showed a negative correlation with E. guadeloupae and C. montrouzieri. There was a significant positive correlation between maximum temperature and minimum temperature as well as relative humidity. However, rainfall showed a negative correlation with A. rugioperculatus population.","PeriodicalId":36468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plantation Crops","volume":"1 1","pages":"120-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42624445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-28DOI: 10.25081/jpc.2020.v48.i2.6374
V. Ramteke, Y. S. Nirala, M. G. Nayak, G. Mohana
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{"title":"Evaluation of apple and nut characters of cashew germplasm from Bastar Region, Chhattisgarh","authors":"V. Ramteke, Y. S. Nirala, M. G. Nayak, G. Mohana","doi":"10.25081/jpc.2020.v48.i2.6374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jpc.2020.v48.i2.6374","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>-</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":36468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plantation Crops","volume":"1 1","pages":"142-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46878186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-28DOI: 10.25081/jpc.2020.v48.i2.6368
V. Shinde, H. P. Maheswarappa, S. Ghavale, S. Sumitha, S. Wankhede, P. Haldankar
A field experiment was carried out at Regional Coconut Research Station, Bhatye (DBSKKV, Dapoli), Maharashtra State (India) during 2013-2018 to study the productivity and carbon sequestration potential as influenced by integrated nutrient management (INM) practices in coconut based cropping system. INM practices viz., T175 per cent of Recommended Dose of Fertilizers (RDF) + 25 per cent of N through organic recycling with vermicompost, T250 per cent of RDF + 50 per cent of N through organic recycling with vermicompost + vermiwash application + bio-fertilizer application + in situ green manuring (cowpea), T3fully organic: 100 per cent N through organic recycling with vermicompost + vermiwash application + bio-fertilizer application + in situ green manuring (cowpea) and green leaf manuring + composted coir pith, husk incorporation and mulching with coconut leaves were imposed in coconut based cropping system involving nutmeg, cinnamon, banana and pineapple. For comparison, T4control: monocrop of coconut with recommended NPK and organic manure was maintained. Four treatments were laid out in blocks of 0.11 ha area each. Among the different INM practices, treatment T1 sequestered the highest amount of above ground (coconut + nutmeg) carbon stock (31.1 t ha-1) followed by T2 (30.3 t ha-1) and T3 (27.3 t ha-1). In contrast, the treatment T4 coconut monocrop alone had sequestered 25.6 t ha-1. The below-ground soil carbon stock in the rhizosphere of different crops was the highest in the nutrient management under T3 followed by T2 and T1, whereas, it was the lowest in coconut monocrop. The productivity of the system was higher in the intercropping garden. The coconut nut yield (5-year average) was higher yield under T1 (147.2 nuts palm-1 year-1), followed by T2 (138.4 nuts palm-1 year-1) and T3 (123.6 nuts palm-1 year-1), whereas, monocrop had recorded a significantly lower number of nuts (97.2 nuts palm-1 year-1).
{"title":"Productivity and carbon sequestration potential of coconut-based cropping system as influenced by integrated nutrient management practices","authors":"V. Shinde, H. P. Maheswarappa, S. Ghavale, S. Sumitha, S. Wankhede, P. Haldankar","doi":"10.25081/jpc.2020.v48.i2.6368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jpc.2020.v48.i2.6368","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was carried out at Regional Coconut Research Station, Bhatye (DBSKKV, Dapoli), Maharashtra State (India) during 2013-2018 to study the productivity and carbon sequestration potential as influenced by integrated nutrient management (INM) practices in coconut based cropping system. INM practices viz., T175 per cent of Recommended Dose of Fertilizers (RDF) + 25 per cent of N through organic recycling with vermicompost, T250 per cent of RDF + 50 per cent of N through organic recycling with vermicompost + vermiwash application + bio-fertilizer application + in situ green manuring (cowpea), T3fully organic: 100 per cent N through organic recycling with vermicompost + vermiwash application + bio-fertilizer application + in situ green manuring (cowpea) and green leaf manuring + composted coir pith, husk incorporation and mulching with coconut leaves were imposed in coconut based cropping system involving nutmeg, cinnamon, banana and pineapple. For comparison, T4control: monocrop of coconut with recommended NPK and organic manure was maintained. Four treatments were laid out in blocks of 0.11 ha area each. Among the different INM practices, treatment T1 sequestered the highest amount of above ground (coconut + nutmeg) carbon stock (31.1 t ha-1) followed by T2 (30.3 t ha-1) and T3 (27.3 t ha-1). In contrast, the treatment T4 coconut monocrop alone had sequestered 25.6 t ha-1. The below-ground soil carbon stock in the rhizosphere of different crops was the highest in the nutrient management under T3 followed by T2 and T1, whereas, it was the lowest in coconut monocrop. The productivity of the system was higher in the intercropping garden. The coconut nut yield (5-year average) was higher yield under T1 (147.2 nuts palm-1 year-1), followed by T2 (138.4 nuts palm-1 year-1) and T3 (123.6 nuts palm-1 year-1), whereas, monocrop had recorded a significantly lower number of nuts (97.2 nuts palm-1 year-1).","PeriodicalId":36468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plantation Crops","volume":"1 1","pages":"103-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46371664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-28DOI: 10.25081/jpc.2020.v48.i2.6369
S. C. Paul, G. Acharya, R. Chakraborty, H. P. Maheswarappa, M. Hussain, A. K. Ray
The North-Eastern part of India contains seven states out of which, Assam is the major producer of arecanut. An attempt was made to study the impact of arecanut based multiple cropping system with proper utilization of recyclable resources on the long-term sustainability of acid soil at Kahikuchi. A long term arecanut based High-Density Multispecies Cropping System garden comprised of two models viz., Model-1 (M1): arecanut (Areca catechu), black pepper (Piper nigrum), banana (Musa spp.), citrus (Citrus limon) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and Model-2 (M2): arecanut, black pepper, banana, citrus and nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) as component crops was used. Both the models were sub-divided into three treatments viz., Full dose of recommended fertiliser (T1), 2/3rd of the recommended dose (T2) and 1/3rd of the recommended dose (T3) combined with treatment-wise recycling available biomass in the form of vermicompost and each treatment was replicated thrice. The results indicated that the quantity of recyclable biomass generated ranged between 8.27 to 12.23 t ha-1 year-1 and 8.11 to 12.38 t ha-1 year-1 in model-1 and model-2, respectively and revealed that the T2 treatment in both models improved the soil properties with respect to soil pH, organic carbon, available N, P and K status. Economics of the cropping system revealed that the maximum return was obtained from both Models under T2. The average benefit:cost ratio of T1, T2 & T3 was 3.38, 4.42 & 3.47 under model-1 and 3.34, 4.08 and 3.40 under model-2, respectively. Sustenance of soil pH above 5.0 over the years in the arecanut rhizosphere in both the models were found under T2, but T1 and T3 treatments showed a slow declining of pH towards increasing soil acidity.
{"title":"Sustainability of soil health and system productivity through arecanut based cropping system in the NE Region of India","authors":"S. C. Paul, G. Acharya, R. Chakraborty, H. P. Maheswarappa, M. Hussain, A. K. Ray","doi":"10.25081/jpc.2020.v48.i2.6369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jpc.2020.v48.i2.6369","url":null,"abstract":"The North-Eastern part of India contains seven states out of which, Assam is the major producer of arecanut. An attempt was made to study the impact of arecanut based multiple cropping system with proper utilization of recyclable resources on the long-term sustainability of acid soil at Kahikuchi. A long term arecanut based High-Density Multispecies Cropping System garden comprised of two models viz., Model-1 (M1): arecanut (Areca catechu), black pepper (Piper nigrum), banana (Musa spp.), citrus (Citrus limon) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum) and Model-2 (M2): arecanut, black pepper, banana, citrus and nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) as component crops was used. Both the models were sub-divided into three treatments viz., Full dose of recommended fertiliser (T1), 2/3rd of the recommended dose (T2) and 1/3rd of the recommended dose (T3) combined with treatment-wise recycling available biomass in the form of vermicompost and each treatment was replicated thrice. The results indicated that the quantity of recyclable biomass generated ranged between 8.27 to 12.23 t ha-1 year-1 and 8.11 to 12.38 t ha-1 year-1 in model-1 and model-2, respectively and revealed that the T2 treatment in both models improved the soil properties with respect to soil pH, organic carbon, available N, P and K status. Economics of the cropping system revealed that the maximum return was obtained from both Models under T2. The average benefit:cost ratio of T1, T2 & T3 was 3.38, 4.42 & 3.47 under model-1 and 3.34, 4.08 and 3.40 under model-2, respectively. Sustenance of soil pH above 5.0 over the years in the arecanut rhizosphere in both the models were found under T2, but T1 and T3 treatments showed a slow declining of pH towards increasing soil acidity.","PeriodicalId":36468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plantation Crops","volume":"1 1","pages":"111-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46643124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-28DOI: 10.25081/jpc.2020.v48.i2.6373
C. Muralidharan, D. A. Baidiyavadra, Kapil Mohan Sharma, N. Srinivasa
Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of the oldest cultivated crops of the desert region. It is believed to be originated in Mesopotamia (Southern Iraq) during 5000 BC (Zohary and Hopf, 2000) and it is commercially cultivated in more than 40 countries with 100 million hectares with a production of 7-8 million tones of dates (FAO Stat, 2017). In India, date palm is commercially cultivated inthe western border, i.e., the coastal belt of Kachchh district of Gujarat having about 2.0 million trees producing 17 thousand tons of fresh dates (Anonymous, 2018). This region enjoys the monopoly of the commercial cultivation of date palm and it is one of the subsistent crops of the agrarian community of western part of India. One hundred and twelve species of insect and mite pests have been reported worldwide on date palm (El-Shafie, 2012). However, in the coastal belt of Kachchh, red palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrrugineus Oliver; Coleoptera: Curculionidae), rhinoceros beetle (Oryctus rhinoceros L.; Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and date palm white scale (Parlatoria blanchardi Targionii Tozzetii; Hemiptera: Diaspididae) cause economic damage (Muralidharan, 1993; Muralidharan et al., 2000). Mite infestation and damage to date palms were first recorded in Israel in the Southern Arava valley during the late 1970s (Gerson et al., 1983) and fifteen species of phytophagous mites have been reported from various date palm growing areas of the world (El-Shafie, 2012). However, no economic damage of mite incidence has reported so far from this crop from the Indian subcontinent. A survey conducted by the Date Palm Research Station (DPRS), Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University (SDAU), Mundra, during May-2016 has brought to the notice, certain mite species infesting fruit bunches from Dhrub village of Mundra taluk for the first time. The fruits were near to colour breaking stage (khalal), and severe mite infestation/damage was evident with spinning webs around fruit bunch with dusty appearance (Fig. 1). Extensive mite feeding on date fruit with webbing and mites’ shed skins get covered by dust particles (Fig. 2). In addition to this, the highly turbulent wind carrying dust during summer months in the region was also responsible for this dusty appearance, which reduces the marketability of fruits. The mite specimens were identified morphologically as Oligonychus tylus by the All India Network Project on Agricultural Acarology at the University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore using 10 male and five female microscopic slide-mounted mite specimens. Also, molecular data (for the mitochondrial gene) were First incidence of a spider mite, Oligonychus tylus (Baker & Pritchard), in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) groves of Kachchh in Gujarat, India
{"title":"First incidence of a spider mite, Oligonychu stylus (Baker & Pritchard), in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) groves of Kachchh in Gujarat, India","authors":"C. Muralidharan, D. A. Baidiyavadra, Kapil Mohan Sharma, N. Srinivasa","doi":"10.25081/jpc.2020.v48.i2.6373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/jpc.2020.v48.i2.6373","url":null,"abstract":"Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of the oldest cultivated crops of the desert region. It is believed to be originated in Mesopotamia (Southern Iraq) during 5000 BC (Zohary and Hopf, 2000) and it is commercially cultivated in more than 40 countries with 100 million hectares with a production of 7-8 million tones of dates (FAO Stat, 2017). In India, date palm is commercially cultivated inthe western border, i.e., the coastal belt of Kachchh district of Gujarat having about 2.0 million trees producing 17 thousand tons of fresh dates (Anonymous, 2018). This region enjoys the monopoly of the commercial cultivation of date palm and it is one of the subsistent crops of the agrarian community of western part of India. One hundred and twelve species of insect and mite pests have been reported worldwide on date palm (El-Shafie, 2012). However, in the coastal belt of Kachchh, red palm weevil (Rhynchophorus ferrrugineus Oliver; Coleoptera: Curculionidae), rhinoceros beetle (Oryctus rhinoceros L.; Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and date palm white scale (Parlatoria blanchardi Targionii Tozzetii; Hemiptera: Diaspididae) cause economic damage (Muralidharan, 1993; Muralidharan et al., 2000). Mite infestation and damage to date palms were first recorded in Israel in the Southern Arava valley during the late 1970s (Gerson et al., 1983) and fifteen species of phytophagous mites have been reported from various date palm growing areas of the world (El-Shafie, 2012). However, no economic damage of mite incidence has reported so far from this crop from the Indian subcontinent. A survey conducted by the Date Palm Research Station (DPRS), Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University (SDAU), Mundra, during May-2016 has brought to the notice, certain mite species infesting fruit bunches from Dhrub village of Mundra taluk for the first time. The fruits were near to colour breaking stage (khalal), and severe mite infestation/damage was evident with spinning webs around fruit bunch with dusty appearance (Fig. 1). Extensive mite feeding on date fruit with webbing and mites’ shed skins get covered by dust particles (Fig. 2). In addition to this, the highly turbulent wind carrying dust during summer months in the region was also responsible for this dusty appearance, which reduces the marketability of fruits. The mite specimens were identified morphologically as Oligonychus tylus by the All India Network Project on Agricultural Acarology at the University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore using 10 male and five female microscopic slide-mounted mite specimens. Also, molecular data (for the mitochondrial gene) were First incidence of a spider mite, Oligonychus tylus (Baker & Pritchard), in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) groves of Kachchh in Gujarat, India","PeriodicalId":36468,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plantation Crops","volume":"1 1","pages":"137-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42451433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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