Pub Date : 2022-08-16DOI: 10.32991/2237-2717.2022v12i2.p253-278
N. Arellano-Escudero
El uso intensivo de energía solar a través de pozas de evaporación para la cristalización fraccionaria de sales ya era investigada en 1933, pero fue en 1948 cuando comenzó su etapa industrial. La cosecha de sales de Magnesio y Potasio fue el punto de partida en la contribución a la revolución verde. Los archivos de la Compañía de Salitres Anglo Lautaro establecen los nexos del negocio entre el Desierto de Atacama y el mundo. El recorrido analítico utiliza una aproximación transfronteriza desde la historia eco-económica de Julia Thomas y evidencia los mitos acerca de la relación entre Energía y Civilización, lo que nos permite mirar las sales del desierto en su condición de hiperobjeto en las escalas intersectadas del antropoceno. Ratificamos así que las tesis de la innovación de David Edgerton ayudan a precisar los factores culturales que intervienen en los procesos co-evolutivos de la tecnología según Basalla y que no siempre la técnica elegida es la más conveniente.
{"title":"La Cosecha de Sales en Atacama con Energía Solar: el Suelo del Desierto que Fertilizó los Suelos del Mundo (1948-1990)","authors":"N. Arellano-Escudero","doi":"10.32991/2237-2717.2022v12i2.p253-278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32991/2237-2717.2022v12i2.p253-278","url":null,"abstract":"El uso intensivo de energía solar a través de pozas de evaporación para la cristalización fraccionaria de sales ya era investigada en 1933, pero fue en 1948 cuando comenzó su etapa industrial. La cosecha de sales de Magnesio y Potasio fue el punto de partida en la contribución a la revolución verde. Los archivos de la Compañía de Salitres Anglo Lautaro establecen los nexos del negocio entre el Desierto de Atacama y el mundo. El recorrido analítico utiliza una aproximación transfronteriza desde la historia eco-económica de Julia Thomas y evidencia los mitos acerca de la relación entre Energía y Civilización, lo que nos permite mirar las sales del desierto en su condición de hiperobjeto en las escalas intersectadas del antropoceno. Ratificamos así que las tesis de la innovación de David Edgerton ayudan a precisar los factores culturales que intervienen en los procesos co-evolutivos de la tecnología según Basalla y que no siempre la técnica elegida es la más conveniente.","PeriodicalId":36482,"journal":{"name":"Historia Ambiental Latinoamericana y Caribena","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69474790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-16DOI: 10.32991/2237-2717.2022v12i2.p20-54
Ana Marcela França, Juan Manuel Cerdá, José Muzlera
El presente trabajo analiza el proceso de transformación del ambiente en dos espacios diferentes de la Argentina: las provincias de Buenos Aires y Mendoza. En este trabajo, se sostiene que los cambios del medio biofísico son provocados por las acciones de los seres humanos a partir de los imaginarios y las concepciones que reorganizan las relaciones sociales. Desde este punto de vista, el ambiente natural es, además de sus condiciones físicas y ecológicas, una construcción social simbólica de una época. Así, entre finales del siglo XIX y comienzos del siglo XX, el ideario hegemónico de la sociedad argentina estuvo dominado por la idea de “modernidad”. Con el fin de analizar esta evolución se analizarán fuentes bibliográficas, datos estadísticos e imágenes.
{"title":"Las Transformaciones de los Espacios Rurales Argentinos: Paisajes Imaginados y Cambios Socio Ambientales (1880-1930)","authors":"Ana Marcela França, Juan Manuel Cerdá, José Muzlera","doi":"10.32991/2237-2717.2022v12i2.p20-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32991/2237-2717.2022v12i2.p20-54","url":null,"abstract":"El presente trabajo analiza el proceso de transformación del ambiente en dos espacios diferentes de la Argentina: las provincias de Buenos Aires y Mendoza. En este trabajo, se sostiene que los cambios del medio biofísico son provocados por las acciones de los seres humanos a partir de los imaginarios y las concepciones que reorganizan las relaciones sociales. Desde este punto de vista, el ambiente natural es, además de sus condiciones físicas y ecológicas, una construcción social simbólica de una época. Así, entre finales del siglo XIX y comienzos del siglo XX, el ideario hegemónico de la sociedad argentina estuvo dominado por la idea de “modernidad”. Con el fin de analizar esta evolución se analizarán fuentes bibliográficas, datos estadísticos e imágenes.","PeriodicalId":36482,"journal":{"name":"Historia Ambiental Latinoamericana y Caribena","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69474775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-16DOI: 10.32991/2237-2717.2022v12i2.p305-324
Flavio M. Heinz, A. Korndörfer, Cristiano Enrique De Brum
Between 1951 and 1962, the Rockefeller Foundation (RF) maintained a scholarship program, the Latin American Scholarships program in agriculture (LAS), which financed the training of 226 Latin American students and researchers who, together, received 297 scholarships for short study periods at leading research centers in countries in the region. These centers were, above all, structures linked to the Office of Special Studies (OSS), a partnership between the Rockefeller Foundation and the Mexican government, and North American universities. The LAS provided the training and circulation of Latin American scholars in a period of great technological advancement in agricultural research and sought to give continental scope to RF’s main and most successful laboratory in the area: Mexico. The profile analysis of 226 LAS scholars is made from a database of 9057 minibiographies of scholars available in the Directory of Fellowships and Scholarships published by the Rockefeller Foundation in the 1970s.
{"title":"The Rockefeller Foundation and the Training of Agricultural Specialists for Latin America: a Profile of Scholars from Latin American Scholarship Program in Agriculture (1951-1962)","authors":"Flavio M. Heinz, A. Korndörfer, Cristiano Enrique De Brum","doi":"10.32991/2237-2717.2022v12i2.p305-324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32991/2237-2717.2022v12i2.p305-324","url":null,"abstract":"Between 1951 and 1962, the Rockefeller Foundation (RF) maintained a scholarship program, the Latin American Scholarships program in agriculture (LAS), which financed the training of 226 Latin American students and researchers who, together, received 297 scholarships for short study periods at leading research centers in countries in the region. These centers were, above all, structures linked to the Office of Special Studies (OSS), a partnership between the Rockefeller Foundation and the Mexican government, and North American universities. The LAS provided the training and circulation of Latin American scholars in a period of great technological advancement in agricultural research and sought to give continental scope to RF’s main and most successful laboratory in the area: Mexico. The profile analysis of 226 LAS scholars is made from a database of 9057 minibiographies of scholars available in the Directory of Fellowships and Scholarships published by the Rockefeller Foundation in the 1970s.","PeriodicalId":36482,"journal":{"name":"Historia Ambiental Latinoamericana y Caribena","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69474833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-16DOI: 10.32991/2237-2717.2022v12i2.p140-169
Edinson Orlando Ceballos Bedoya
Los ecosistemas amazónicos caqueteños padecen a lo largo del período 1951-1980 un proceso de transformación a causa de la deforestación que genera la consolidación de la ganadería como modelo de desarrollo económico predominante. Las anteriores circunstancias causan la deforestación de aproximadamente 500.000 mil hectáreas de selvas prístinas usadas para la siembra de pastos para la cría, ceba y lechería bovina. El artículo está fundamentado en el uso de diversas fuentes extraídas de los fondos gobierno y agricultura del Archivo Central de la Gobernación del Caquetá que son analizadas con el propósito de entender el rol de las instituciones estatales en la consolidación de la ganadería extensiva, asimismo, se hace uso de documentos del Archivo Parroquial de Puerto Rico utilizados para describir la formación de una zona de colonización agropecuaria en la zona norte del piedemonte. En el proceso de mercantilización de la naturaleza que se presenta en el Caquetá en el período 1951-1980 tienen una gran incidencia las instituciones estatales y sus funcionarios, igualmente, los intereses económicos de gremios y ganaderos terratenientes que generan un proceso de acumulación de tierras en la zona del piedemonte caqueteño e inducen la expansion de la ganadería hacia el interior de las llanuras selváticas caqueteñas.
{"title":"Ganadería, Poblamiento y Deforestación de los Ecosistemas Amazónicos Caqueteños (1951-1980)","authors":"Edinson Orlando Ceballos Bedoya","doi":"10.32991/2237-2717.2022v12i2.p140-169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32991/2237-2717.2022v12i2.p140-169","url":null,"abstract":"Los ecosistemas amazónicos caqueteños padecen a lo largo del período 1951-1980 un proceso de transformación a causa de la deforestación que genera la consolidación de la ganadería como modelo de desarrollo económico predominante. Las anteriores circunstancias causan la deforestación de aproximadamente 500.000 mil hectáreas de selvas prístinas usadas para la siembra de pastos para la cría, ceba y lechería bovina. El artículo está fundamentado en el uso de diversas fuentes extraídas de los fondos gobierno y agricultura del Archivo Central de la Gobernación del Caquetá que son analizadas con el propósito de entender el rol de las instituciones estatales en la consolidación de la ganadería extensiva, asimismo, se hace uso de documentos del Archivo Parroquial de Puerto Rico utilizados para describir la formación de una zona de colonización agropecuaria en la zona norte del piedemonte. En el proceso de mercantilización de la naturaleza que se presenta en el Caquetá en el período 1951-1980 tienen una gran incidencia las instituciones estatales y sus funcionarios, igualmente, los intereses económicos de gremios y ganaderos terratenientes que generan un proceso de acumulación de tierras en la zona del piedemonte caqueteño e inducen la expansion de la ganadería hacia el interior de las llanuras selváticas caqueteñas.","PeriodicalId":36482,"journal":{"name":"Historia Ambiental Latinoamericana y Caribena","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69474707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-16DOI: 10.32991/2237-2717.2022v12i2.p81-106
Lorena Campuzano, Natalia Triana Angel, S. Burkart
This article analyzes literature on the history of cattle ranching and agricultural innovation adoption in Colombia to understand how livestock production systems have evolved from the 1950s until today. Departing from new scholarship that has questioned the idea that cattle ranching has been only a land-grabbing strategy dominated by few elites, this article focuses on the adoption of improved pastures and the role of key institutions such as the CIAT on the transformation of practices and the shortcomings of technification. It shows that Colombia has had big transformations with the introduction of improved pastures, particularly Brachiaria, but these transformations did not translate into a radical change in the dominant extensive livestock production systems. Instead of promoting intensification, the adoption of Brachiaria has allowed producers to expand more, often resulting in large deforestation. One of the main contributions of this article is the analysis of economic, developmentalist, and institutional reports that are not often used to construct historical analysis. It can also serve to scholars interested on adoption of agricultural techniques.
{"title":"Cattle Ranching in Colombia: A Monolithic Industry?","authors":"Lorena Campuzano, Natalia Triana Angel, S. Burkart","doi":"10.32991/2237-2717.2022v12i2.p81-106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32991/2237-2717.2022v12i2.p81-106","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes literature on the history of cattle ranching and agricultural innovation adoption in Colombia to understand how livestock production systems have evolved from the 1950s until today. Departing from new scholarship that has questioned the idea that cattle ranching has been only a land-grabbing strategy dominated by few elites, this article focuses on the adoption of improved pastures and the role of key institutions such as the CIAT on the transformation of practices and the shortcomings of technification. It shows that Colombia has had big transformations with the introduction of improved pastures, particularly Brachiaria, but these transformations did not translate into a radical change in the dominant extensive livestock production systems. Instead of promoting intensification, the adoption of Brachiaria has allowed producers to expand more, often resulting in large deforestation. One of the main contributions of this article is the analysis of economic, developmentalist, and institutional reports that are not often used to construct historical analysis. It can also serve to scholars interested on adoption of agricultural techniques.","PeriodicalId":36482,"journal":{"name":"Historia Ambiental Latinoamericana y Caribena","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69475111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-16DOI: 10.32991/2237-2717.2022v12i2.p55-80
Marlon Brandt, Samira Perucchi Moretto
From the end of the eighteenth century, a substantial portion of Santa Catarina state’s population settled in its region of Mixed Ombrophilous Forest or Araucaria Forest. Known as Caboclos, these people lived on the margins of the cattle ranches in the Grasslands region. Their basic source of income was subsistence farming and other practices linked to the exploration of common forest resources, such as breeding free-range pigs and harvesting yerba mate. Like land ownership and social life, access to these resources was regulated by a set of practices, norms and customs consistent and sustainable with this environment, which also served as a kind of territorial delimitation of these populations. The aim of this article is to analyze how the private appropriation of land – represented by colonization and the activities of the timber industry, which devastated the region’s forests, especially from the first two decades of the twentieth century onwards – led to the disintegration of spaces of common use, increased the instances of expropriation, and exacerbated the marginalization of this Caboclo population.
{"title":"The Caboclo Population of the Araucaria Forest of Santa Catarina: Common Use of Land, Expropriation and Marginalization","authors":"Marlon Brandt, Samira Perucchi Moretto","doi":"10.32991/2237-2717.2022v12i2.p55-80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32991/2237-2717.2022v12i2.p55-80","url":null,"abstract":"From the end of the eighteenth century, a substantial portion of Santa Catarina state’s population settled in its region of Mixed Ombrophilous Forest or Araucaria Forest. Known as Caboclos, these people lived on the margins of the cattle ranches in the Grasslands region. Their basic source of income was subsistence farming and other practices linked to the exploration of common forest resources, such as breeding free-range pigs and harvesting yerba mate. Like land ownership and social life, access to these resources was regulated by a set of practices, norms and customs consistent and sustainable with this environment, which also served as a kind of territorial delimitation of these populations. The aim of this article is to analyze how the private appropriation of land – represented by colonization and the activities of the timber industry, which devastated the region’s forests, especially from the first two decades of the twentieth century onwards – led to the disintegration of spaces of common use, increased the instances of expropriation, and exacerbated the marginalization of this Caboclo population.","PeriodicalId":36482,"journal":{"name":"Historia Ambiental Latinoamericana y Caribena","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69475108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-16DOI: 10.32991/2237-2717.2022v12i2.p359-388
Christopher McQuilkin
A fines del siglo XIX, el gobierno nacional de Argentina inició un programa de combatir las invasiones de langosta que habían afligido el país y amenazado su riqueza agrícola. Este programa alzó cuestiones importantes sobre la autoridad del estado nacional y la de las provincias. La oposición en el congreso caracterizó el proyecto como una intrusión inconstitucional al poder y la autoridad de las provincias. Sin embargo, con la legislación de 1897 se creó una red de comisiones dedicados a la extinción de la langosta. Esta legislación y el programa que inició revelaron un intento por parte del gobierno nacional no sólo de proteger la prosperidad económica de la nación, sino de inculcar en los agricultores de las provincias y territorios un sentimiento de identidad nacional. La búsqueda por una “zona permanente” o “zona invernada” en el norte del país, donde se suponía que las langostas vivieran durante el invierno, también representó una oportunidad de integrar el recién conquistado Chaco Austral a la nación.
{"title":"““A National Calamity”: Locust Eradication Efforts in Argentina, ca. 1890-1920","authors":"Christopher McQuilkin","doi":"10.32991/2237-2717.2022v12i2.p359-388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32991/2237-2717.2022v12i2.p359-388","url":null,"abstract":"A fines del siglo XIX, el gobierno nacional de Argentina inició un programa de combatir las invasiones de langosta que habían afligido el país y amenazado su riqueza agrícola. Este programa alzó cuestiones importantes sobre la autoridad del estado nacional y la de las provincias. La oposición en el congreso caracterizó el proyecto como una intrusión inconstitucional al poder y la autoridad de las provincias. Sin embargo, con la legislación de 1897 se creó una red de comisiones dedicados a la extinción de la langosta. Esta legislación y el programa que inició revelaron un intento por parte del gobierno nacional no sólo de proteger la prosperidad económica de la nación, sino de inculcar en los agricultores de las provincias y territorios un sentimiento de identidad nacional. La búsqueda por una “zona permanente” o “zona invernada” en el norte del país, donde se suponía que las langostas vivieran durante el invierno, también representó una oportunidad de integrar el recién conquistado Chaco Austral a la nación.","PeriodicalId":36482,"journal":{"name":"Historia Ambiental Latinoamericana y Caribena","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69474878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-16DOI: 10.32991/2237-2717.2022v12i2.p325-358
Matthew Vitz
Existing scholarship on “tropicality” emphasizes how Europeans and US-Americans constructed the tropics discursively and visually in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Scientists, investors, and travelers denigrated tropical spaces to legitimize imperialism, labeling them backwards, racially degenerative, disease-ridden, and unconducive to civilization without white European intervention These works unwittingly reproduce a central assumption of the very imperialists they critique: namely, that North Atlantic elites controlled knowledge production. They thus marginalize the important theorizing and conceptualizing that transpired in tropical spaces. Following independence, Latin American national elites agonized over how to integrate their tropical territories, many of which remained isolated, and make them legible for economic modernization. This article uses Mexico as a case study for Latin American representations about the tropics given its diverse temperate and tropical geography, its key role in the global commercial economy, and its robust intellectual production. I argue that the ways in which Mexican intellectuals—public officials, geographers, philosophers, and others—thought about their low-lying tropical lands molded nation-building projects and contributed to the global production of environmental knowledge at a time when notions of tropical peril and degeneracy were giving way to the promise of tropical bonanza. By tracing the changes and continuities of Mexicans’ tropical discourses in a global context, I underscore the underappreciated environmental and geographic thought of influential Mexicans—from Matías Romero and Francisco Bulnes to José Vasconcelos—who rarely appear in environmental historiography. A focus on these different imaginaries regarding the significance, purpose, and place of Mexico’s tropical lands also reveals the extent to which material interventions in the tropics and discursive representations of the tropics have co-constituted each other.
{"title":"Bonanza o Falsas Riquezas: Cambiantes Imaginarios Mexicanos del Trópico y el Impulso Civilizatorio","authors":"Matthew Vitz","doi":"10.32991/2237-2717.2022v12i2.p325-358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32991/2237-2717.2022v12i2.p325-358","url":null,"abstract":"Existing scholarship on “tropicality” emphasizes how Europeans and US-Americans constructed the tropics discursively and visually in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Scientists, investors, and travelers denigrated tropical spaces to legitimize imperialism, labeling them backwards, racially degenerative, disease-ridden, and unconducive to civilization without white European intervention These works unwittingly reproduce a central assumption of the very imperialists they critique: namely, that North Atlantic elites controlled knowledge production. They thus marginalize the important theorizing and conceptualizing that transpired in tropical spaces. Following independence, Latin American national elites agonized over how to integrate their tropical territories, many of which remained isolated, and make them legible for economic modernization. This article uses Mexico as a case study for Latin American representations about the tropics given its diverse temperate and tropical geography, its key role in the global commercial economy, and its robust intellectual production. I argue that the ways in which Mexican intellectuals—public officials, geographers, philosophers, and others—thought about their low-lying tropical lands molded nation-building projects and contributed to the global production of environmental knowledge at a time when notions of tropical peril and degeneracy were giving way to the promise of tropical bonanza. By tracing the changes and continuities of Mexicans’ tropical discourses in a global context, I underscore the underappreciated environmental and geographic thought of influential Mexicans—from Matías Romero and Francisco Bulnes to José Vasconcelos—who rarely appear in environmental historiography. A focus on these different imaginaries regarding the significance, purpose, and place of Mexico’s tropical lands also reveals the extent to which material interventions in the tropics and discursive representations of the tropics have co-constituted each other.","PeriodicalId":36482,"journal":{"name":"Historia Ambiental Latinoamericana y Caribena","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69474842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-16DOI: 10.32991/2237-2717.2022v12i2.p170-216
Vanessa Pereira da Silva e Mello, Dominichi Miranda de Sá
The Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation), known by the acronym Embrapa, was established in 1972 under Brazil’s civilian-military dictatorship with the purpose of fostering agricultural modernization through the incorporation of the Green Revolution’s technology package, which included reliance on chemical inputs and high-yielding hybrid seeds and the mechanization of production. This article explores the context in which the agency was established and its scientific research agenda for Brazilian agriculture, while also examining both the influence of emerging environmentalist movements on discussions of the economic exploitation of the Amazon as well as the agency’s profile during the period of redemocratization in Brazil. The focus of our analysis is on the agency branch known as the Humid Tropics Agricultural Research Center (Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Trópico Úmido, or CPATU), which opened in Belém, Pará, in 1975. The text follows the path of the CPATU through 1991, when it became the Eastern Amazon Agroforestry Research Center (Centro de Pesquisa Agroflorestal da Amazônia Oriental), now Embrapa Eastern Amazon (Embrapa Amazônia Oriental).
巴西农业研究公司Agropecuária (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa)，简称Embrapa，成立于1972年巴西文武独裁统治时期，目的是通过结合绿色革命的一揽子技术，包括依赖化学投入和高产杂交种子以及生产机械化，促进农业现代化。本文探讨了该机构成立的背景及其对巴西农业的科学研究议程，同时也研究了新兴的环保主义运动对亚马逊经济开发的讨论的影响，以及该机构在巴西民主化时期的形象。我们分析的重点是被称为湿润热带农业研究中心(Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Trópico Úmido，简称CPATU)的机构分支机构，该机构于1975年在帕尔的贝尔海姆成立。文本遵循CPATU在1991年的路径，当时它成为东亚马逊农林业研究中心(Centro de Pesquisa Agroflorestal da Amazônia Oriental)，现在是巴西东部亚马逊农业研究中心(Embrapa Amazônia Oriental)。
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Pub Date : 2022-08-16DOI: 10.32991/2237-2717.2022v12i2.p459-474
Cristina Brito
Como podemos contar uma história humana num mundo mais-do-que-humano? Como se percebem as influências e consequências para pessoas e sociedades do mundo natural e físico que as envolve e do qual dependem para sobreviver, sem esquecer os vários agenciamentos envolvidos e interligados? E como o fazemos no mundo líquido, fluído, azul e profundo dos oceanos e águas costeiras do planeta? A problemática é histórica, mas reflete-se também na atualidade e futuro das sociedades humanas e sua relação e dependência dos ecossistemas e recursos dos mares e oceanos. Nesta nota científica abordo o valor das humanidades para o conhecimento histórico dos oceanos e o seu contributo para aumentar a literacia para os oceanos. Uso o caso de estudo da história natural e exploração de manatins com vista a perceber áreas de distribuição no passado e apresento o projeto interdisciplinar e colaborativo ‘4-Oceans’ e sua agenda de investigação. Para tal, revejo brevemente a história ambiental de manatins e pessoas no Atlântico da época moderna e refiro-me à importância de considerar os seres humanos como agentes ecológicos e outras espécies animais como co-construtores das narrativas históricas.
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