We study patients' no-show behavior in an outpatient appointment system for both new and follow-up patients, and explicitly consider rescheduling. Previous studies have either focused on appointments for new patients or treated rescheduled appointments as new ones. Findings from most of these studies reveal that no-show probability increases significantly with waiting time. We offer a more nuanced understanding of this costly phenomenon. Using clinical data, we demonstrate that the effect of waiting time on no-show behavior is largely weakened if the appointment was rescheduled. No-show behavior is also significantly affected by the rescheduling process, and patients of different types respond to rescheduling in notably different ways. For follow-up patients, no-show probability decreases when the appointment was rescheduled at the patient's request and increases when it was rescheduled by the clinic. New patients, in contrast, care more about whether the rescheduled appointment is sooner or later than the original appointment, rather than who initiated rescheduling. To the extent that rescheduling has a significant impact on no-show behavior, our findings offer managers a deeper understanding of patient no-show behavior and could be helpful in formulating effective policies to improve attendance rates.
{"title":"Effects of Rescheduling on Patient No-Show Behavior in Outpatient Clinics","authors":"Jiayi Liu, Jingui Xie, K. Yang, Zhichao Zheng","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2783646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2783646","url":null,"abstract":"We study patients' no-show behavior in an outpatient appointment system for both new and follow-up patients, and explicitly consider rescheduling. Previous studies have either focused on appointments for new patients or treated rescheduled appointments as new ones. Findings from most of these studies reveal that no-show probability increases significantly with waiting time. We offer a more nuanced understanding of this costly phenomenon. Using clinical data, we demonstrate that the effect of waiting time on no-show behavior is largely weakened if the appointment was rescheduled. No-show behavior is also significantly affected by the rescheduling process, and patients of different types respond to rescheduling in notably different ways. For follow-up patients, no-show probability decreases when the appointment was rescheduled at the patient's request and increases when it was rescheduled by the clinic. New patients, in contrast, care more about whether the rescheduled appointment is sooner or later than the original appointment, rather than who initiated rescheduling. To the extent that rescheduling has a significant impact on no-show behavior, our findings offer managers a deeper understanding of patient no-show behavior and could be helpful in formulating effective policies to improve attendance rates.","PeriodicalId":365298,"journal":{"name":"CSN: Business (Topic)","volume":"329 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116833804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Through a large-scale field study of 166,215 online restaurant reviews, we found evidence of a distance boosting effect, whereby experiencing spatial distance (i.e., authoring a review about a geographically distant restaurant, rather than proximate one) and temporal distance (i.e., authoring a review after a lengthy delay, rather than immediately) amplified consumers’ high-level construals. Although past research has explored the relationship between spatial distance, temporal distance, and construal, these effects have only been considered in isolation (on a notable range of outcomes), yet never in tandem. Our research contributes to past work by testing the effects of experiencing two dimensions of psychological distance simultaneously on construal level, and on a downstream consequence thereof: positivity. Moreover, because our data contain naturalistic observations, our research includes a wide range of temporal and spatial distances. In all, we found that the effect of each distance increases the effect (on construal and positivity) of the other distance. Metaphorically speaking, the effect of one distance is boosted by another.
{"title":"Effects of Multiple Psychological Distances on Construal Level: A Field Study of Online Reviews","authors":"Ni Huang, Gordon Burtch, Y. Hong, Evan Polman","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2514962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2514962","url":null,"abstract":"Through a large-scale field study of 166,215 online restaurant reviews, we found evidence of a distance boosting effect, whereby experiencing spatial distance (i.e., authoring a review about a geographically distant restaurant, rather than proximate one) and temporal distance (i.e., authoring a review after a lengthy delay, rather than immediately) amplified consumers’ high-level construals. Although past research has explored the relationship between spatial distance, temporal distance, and construal, these effects have only been considered in isolation (on a notable range of outcomes), yet never in tandem. Our research contributes to past work by testing the effects of experiencing two dimensions of psychological distance simultaneously on construal level, and on a downstream consequence thereof: positivity. Moreover, because our data contain naturalistic observations, our research includes a wide range of temporal and spatial distances. In all, we found that the effect of each distance increases the effect (on construal and positivity) of the other distance. Metaphorically speaking, the effect of one distance is boosted by another.","PeriodicalId":365298,"journal":{"name":"CSN: Business (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129977498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using a unique research design, this paper examines how the level of trust in various countries affects liquidity in financial markets. In particular, we examine various measures of market liquidity in American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) while conditioning on the level of trust in the ADR’s home country, which we approximate with perceived corruption and the level of interpersonal trust. Multivariate tests show that as home-country levels of trust increase, ADR liquidity is dramatically improved. To draw stronger causal inferences, we use a difference-in-difference approach to examine liquidity surrounding an (arguably) exogenous reduction in trust and find that liquidity worsens in response to the event. These results support our hypothesis that trust is an important determinant in the liquidity of financial markets.
{"title":"Societal Trust and the Liquidity of ADRs","authors":"Benjamin M. Blau","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2708499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2708499","url":null,"abstract":"Using a unique research design, this paper examines how the level of trust in various countries affects liquidity in financial markets. In particular, we examine various measures of market liquidity in American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) while conditioning on the level of trust in the ADR’s home country, which we approximate with perceived corruption and the level of interpersonal trust. Multivariate tests show that as home-country levels of trust increase, ADR liquidity is dramatically improved. To draw stronger causal inferences, we use a difference-in-difference approach to examine liquidity surrounding an (arguably) exogenous reduction in trust and find that liquidity worsens in response to the event. These results support our hypothesis that trust is an important determinant in the liquidity of financial markets.","PeriodicalId":365298,"journal":{"name":"CSN: Business (Topic)","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124999353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We study the relationship between some social interaction and depression factors on women's financial decisions. Using data from a new sample survey with a size of 3,901 women, we find that the probability of a woman invest in stocks is reduced by 0.8%, if she has felt depressed recently, and increased by 1.1%, if she visits frequently her family or friends. Moreover, when the investment opportunity is a savings account, depression symptoms reduce investment probability by 4% and if she visits family or friends the probability is increased by 11%. Also, if she practices any sport or frequent any health club the investment probability is increased by 7.9% and 6.6%, respectively. In the case of other investments, the investment probability is increased by 2%, 2.7% and 3% if she attends any religious services, any health club or belongs to any association, respectively.
{"title":"Social Interaction and Psychological Influence on Women's Financial Investments","authors":"J. Fajardo, Sandra Blanco","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2206440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2206440","url":null,"abstract":"We study the relationship between some social interaction and depression factors on women's financial decisions. Using data from a new sample survey with a size of 3,901 women, we find that the probability of a woman invest in stocks is reduced by 0.8%, if she has felt depressed recently, and increased by 1.1%, if she visits frequently her family or friends. Moreover, when the investment opportunity is a savings account, depression symptoms reduce investment probability by 4% and if she visits family or friends the probability is increased by 11%. Also, if she practices any sport or frequent any health club the investment probability is increased by 7.9% and 6.6%, respectively. In the case of other investments, the investment probability is increased by 2%, 2.7% and 3% if she attends any religious services, any health club or belongs to any association, respectively.","PeriodicalId":365298,"journal":{"name":"CSN: Business (Topic)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116866741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper we estimate the effects of college education on cognitive abilities and health exploiting exogenous variation in college availability and student loan regulations. By means of semiparametric local instrumental variables techniques we estimate marginal treatment effects in an environment of essential heterogeneity. The results suggest heterogeneous but always positive effects on cognitive skills and homogeneously positive effects for all health outcomes but mental health, where the effects are around zero throughout. We find that likely mechanisms of positive physical health returns are effects of college education on physically demanding activities on the job and health behavior such as smoking and drinking while mentally more demanding jobs might explain the skill returns.
{"title":"Heterogeneity in Marginal Non-Monetary Returns to Higher Education","authors":"Daniel A. Kamhoefer, H. Schmitz, M. Westphal","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2721681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2721681","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we estimate the effects of college education on cognitive abilities and health exploiting exogenous variation in college availability and student loan regulations. By means of semiparametric local instrumental variables techniques we estimate marginal treatment effects in an environment of essential heterogeneity. The results suggest heterogeneous but always positive effects on cognitive skills and homogeneously positive effects for all health outcomes but mental health, where the effects are around zero throughout. We find that likely mechanisms of positive physical health returns are effects of college education on physically demanding activities on the job and health behavior such as smoking and drinking while mentally more demanding jobs might explain the skill returns.","PeriodicalId":365298,"journal":{"name":"CSN: Business (Topic)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115801566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Anderson, Fern Chang, Mandy M. Cheng, Yee Shih Phua
Trust is often posited to substitute for management control in interfirm transactions. However, this raises questions of how trust arises in new relationships, and whether trust that is not based on prior experience transacting together is sufficient to persuade managers to forego investments in management controls. We use experimental methods to test whether two features of the early stage of an interfirm relationship influence a buyer’s initial trust in a supplier and have consequences for subsequent investments in management controls and in the collaboration. These two features are the autonomy of the buyer’s manager to choose a supplier (i.e., delegation of decision-making authority) and the supplier’s willingness to share information with the buyer. We find that the buyer manager’s initial trust in the supplier is associated positively with both the autonomy to choose the supplier and the supplier’s willingness to share information. Information content and supplier characteristics are held constant, so these results are novel and distinct from prior studies of the antecedents of trust. We find that higher initial trust is associated with reduced expenditures for management controls and increased investments in the collaboration. Thus, we conclude that delegation of decision-making authority and supplier information-sharing behavior in the early stages of a relationship influence the formation of initial trust, which has real consequences for investments in management control and in the collaboration.
{"title":"Getting to Know You: Trust Formation in New Interfirm Relationships and the Consequences for Investments in Management Control and the Collaboration","authors":"S. Anderson, Fern Chang, Mandy M. Cheng, Yee Shih Phua","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2694788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2694788","url":null,"abstract":"Trust is often posited to substitute for management control in interfirm transactions. However, this raises questions of how trust arises in new relationships, and whether trust that is not based on prior experience transacting together is sufficient to persuade managers to forego investments in management controls. We use experimental methods to test whether two features of the early stage of an interfirm relationship influence a buyer’s initial trust in a supplier and have consequences for subsequent investments in management controls and in the collaboration. These two features are the autonomy of the buyer’s manager to choose a supplier (i.e., delegation of decision-making authority) and the supplier’s willingness to share information with the buyer. We find that the buyer manager’s initial trust in the supplier is associated positively with both the autonomy to choose the supplier and the supplier’s willingness to share information. Information content and supplier characteristics are held constant, so these results are novel and distinct from prior studies of the antecedents of trust. We find that higher initial trust is associated with reduced expenditures for management controls and increased investments in the collaboration. Thus, we conclude that delegation of decision-making authority and supplier information-sharing behavior in the early stages of a relationship influence the formation of initial trust, which has real consequences for investments in management control and in the collaboration.","PeriodicalId":365298,"journal":{"name":"CSN: Business (Topic)","volume":"1730 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129446246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rizwan Raheem Ahmed, Sumeet Kumar Seedani, M. Ahuja, S. Paryani
Today celebrity endorsement becomes the multi-million industries in the world. Marketers endorsed celebrities with their products and brands in the advertisement to increase their sales and change the perception of the viewer’s regarding their brand, which positively impacts on their buying behavior. This research study focuses on the celebrity endorsement and its impact on the customer’s buying behavior and their perception regarding the product or brand of the company. A quantitative method is used in this research in order to investigate the impact of celebrity endorsement on buying behavior. The data of 200 respondents is collected through questionnaire and results were analyzed through the SPSS. The students of different universities as respondents has been taken to know their perception regarding the celebrity and its attributes and the impact of celebrity endorsement on their buying behavior. It is concluded that celebrities endorsed advertisements are more attractive than the non-endorsed advertisements. Moreover the tested attributes of celebrity show positive relationship with the buying behavior and brand perception as well. It also proved that there is a significant impact of celebrity endorsement on the buying behavior. Finally, the results of the study further proved that there is a significant impact of celebrity endorsement on the buying behavior of customers.
{"title":"Impact of Celebrity Endorsement on Consumer Buying Behavior","authors":"Rizwan Raheem Ahmed, Sumeet Kumar Seedani, M. Ahuja, S. Paryani","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2666148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2666148","url":null,"abstract":"Today celebrity endorsement becomes the multi-million industries in the world. Marketers endorsed celebrities with their products and brands in the advertisement to increase their sales and change the perception of the viewer’s regarding their brand, which positively impacts on their buying behavior. This research study focuses on the celebrity endorsement and its impact on the customer’s buying behavior and their perception regarding the product or brand of the company. A quantitative method is used in this research in order to investigate the impact of celebrity endorsement on buying behavior. The data of 200 respondents is collected through questionnaire and results were analyzed through the SPSS. The students of different universities as respondents has been taken to know their perception regarding the celebrity and its attributes and the impact of celebrity endorsement on their buying behavior. It is concluded that celebrities endorsed advertisements are more attractive than the non-endorsed advertisements. Moreover the tested attributes of celebrity show positive relationship with the buying behavior and brand perception as well. It also proved that there is a significant impact of celebrity endorsement on the buying behavior. Finally, the results of the study further proved that there is a significant impact of celebrity endorsement on the buying behavior of customers.","PeriodicalId":365298,"journal":{"name":"CSN: Business (Topic)","volume":"42 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132026757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Managers tend to provide subjective performance evaluations that are relatively high (leniency) and not very dispersed (compression). This paper reports on an experiment that investigates whether the layout of performance reports affects the leniency and compression of managers’ subjective evaluations. Relying on psychology theory, we predict that subjective ratings will be higher and more compressed if performance reports contain alphabetically listed indicators rather than categorically listed indicators (as in a balanced scorecard). Moreover, we predict that ratings will be higher and more compressed if performance reports present indicator target and actual values in tables than when this information is presented in graphs. The results from the experiment provide support for the hypothesis that performance ratings are higher if measures are listed in alphabetical order as opposed to presented in a four-category balanced scorecard format. However, there is no support for the other hypotheses. We discuss the implications of the study for accounting research and practice.
{"title":"The Effects of Performance Report Layout on Managers’ Subjective Evaluation Judgments","authors":"V. S. Maas, Niels Verdoorn","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2340394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2340394","url":null,"abstract":"Managers tend to provide subjective performance evaluations that are relatively high (leniency) and not very dispersed (compression). This paper reports on an experiment that investigates whether the layout of performance reports affects the leniency and compression of managers’ subjective evaluations. Relying on psychology theory, we predict that subjective ratings will be higher and more compressed if performance reports contain alphabetically listed indicators rather than categorically listed indicators (as in a balanced scorecard). Moreover, we predict that ratings will be higher and more compressed if performance reports present indicator target and actual values in tables than when this information is presented in graphs. The results from the experiment provide support for the hypothesis that performance ratings are higher if measures are listed in alphabetical order as opposed to presented in a four-category balanced scorecard format. However, there is no support for the other hypotheses. We discuss the implications of the study for accounting research and practice.","PeriodicalId":365298,"journal":{"name":"CSN: Business (Topic)","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121539045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Why are men more risk tolerant than women, and why do they invest more than women? I test whether identity stereotypes help explain this heterogeneity. I manipulate identity in a controlled environment by priming its salience to subjects. Men whose identity is primed take on more risk, and invest more often and more money than controls. The salience of male identity increases men's beliefs about experiencing good outcomes in a game of chance. Inducing overconfidence similarly makes men take on more risk and invest more. The effects are stronger for older cohorts of men, consistent with the notion that gender-identity stereotypes have become less stark over the last decades.
{"title":"Identity, Overconfidence, and Investment Decisions","authors":"Francesco D’Acunto","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2641182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2641182","url":null,"abstract":"Why are men more risk tolerant than women, and why do they invest more than women? I test whether identity stereotypes help explain this heterogeneity. I manipulate identity in a controlled environment by priming its salience to subjects. Men whose identity is primed take on more risk, and invest more often and more money than controls. The salience of male identity increases men's beliefs about experiencing good outcomes in a game of chance. Inducing overconfidence similarly makes men take on more risk and invest more. The effects are stronger for older cohorts of men, consistent with the notion that gender-identity stereotypes have become less stark over the last decades.","PeriodicalId":365298,"journal":{"name":"CSN: Business (Topic)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116025177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Opportunity creation, effectuation, and bricolage are three concepts that describe value creation and the central role of entrepreneurial action in that process. Although research often conceptualizes these concepts as interrelated, precisely how they relate to and compliment one another and where they diverge remains unclear. This paper examines the roots of each of these concepts and their underlying assumptions, organizing them within a unifying conceptual frame. Our analysis reveals a set of entailing implications that can guide future work in entrepreneurship, and advances our understanding of value creation and capture in strategy, organization theory, management, and related fields.
{"title":"Bridging Behavioral Models and Theoretical Concepts: Effectuation and Bricolage in the Opportunity Creation Framework","authors":"C. Welter, René Mauer, Robert Wuebker","doi":"10.1002/SEJ.1215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/SEJ.1215","url":null,"abstract":"Opportunity creation, effectuation, and bricolage are three concepts that describe value creation and the central role of entrepreneurial action in that process. Although research often conceptualizes these concepts as interrelated, precisely how they relate to and compliment one another and where they diverge remains unclear. This paper examines the roots of each of these concepts and their underlying assumptions, organizing them within a unifying conceptual frame. Our analysis reveals a set of entailing implications that can guide future work in entrepreneurship, and advances our understanding of value creation and capture in strategy, organization theory, management, and related fields.","PeriodicalId":365298,"journal":{"name":"CSN: Business (Topic)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114412924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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