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Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge and the Consumerist Utopia Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge和消费主义乌托邦
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/2373518X.2022.2129194
A. Chatterjee
ABSTRACT Twenty-six years ago, Aditya Chopra’s film Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge (1995) biblicized the neoliberal romantic fantasies of India and the global Indian diaspora with an adventurous romantic plot, against the backdrop of diasporic and ethnic settings, global brand placements and émigré Indians embodying traditional values. Reviewing the film’s mediascapes as an index of India’s middle-class subjectivity through the prism of neoliberal consumer culture, this paper illustrates how it merchandized desire as a global utility. It anchored a consumerist patriarchy as a motif of gender empowerment and the patriarchal and corporate logic of representing individual liberty. My assessment correlates to the history of India’s economic liberalization, suggesting that the film’s material unconscious allegorizes the deficit between approved and realized indexes of capital inflows by the end of the ‘90s. While DDLJ promulgated the promise of a virtual repatriation of expatriate Indians, its promise of gender equality and modern citizenship dwelled in collaboration with dominant social structures and consumerist ideologies that would, ultimately, personify emancipation as consuming subjects of global capital.
摘要26年前,阿迪亚·乔普拉的电影《迪尔瓦勒·杜哈妮娅·勒贾恩格》(1995)以一个充满冒险色彩的浪漫情节,在流散和种族背景、全球品牌定位和体现传统价值观的移民印度人的背景下,再现了印度和全球印度侨民的新自由主义浪漫幻想。本文通过新自由主义消费文化的棱镜,回顾了这部电影作为印度中产阶级主体性指标的媒体场景,说明了它是如何将欲望商品化为一种全球效用的。它将消费主义父权制作为性别赋权的主题,以及代表个人自由的父权制和企业逻辑。我的评估与印度经济自由化的历史有关,表明这部电影的材料无意识地隐喻了到90年代末批准和实现的资本流入指数之间的赤字。虽然DDLJ颁布了外籍印度人虚拟遣返的承诺,但其性别平等和现代公民身份的承诺与占主导地位的社会结构和消费主义意识形态相结合,最终将解放人格化为全球资本的消费主体。
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引用次数: 0
Fashion victims and patriotic consumers: clothing consumption and its political and gendered issues in Lebanon during the French Mandate 时尚受害者和爱国消费者:法国统治时期黎巴嫩的服装消费及其政治和性别问题
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/2373518X.2023.2169297
Marie-Laure Archambault-Küch
ABSTRACT In Lebanon during the French Mandate, clothing consumption was linked with issues of economic nationalism, commercial and urban patterns, and transnational commodity and cultural flows. As clothing items and trends were massively circulating from Western countries, habits and appearances modified and created social and political reactions in the public opinion. This article analyses the gendered dimension of the politicization of this consumption through conflicting representations and norms of women purchasing clothes: caricatures published in the magazine al-Dabbūr (The Hornet) echoing the social anxieties around the perceived changes of feminine public presence and consumption, and articles from the women’s press calling for a moderate attitude towards fashion. The practical application of ideals of patriotic motherhood and middle-class taste are examined through articles aiming at educating to taste, managing the home and family’s consumption in aspects related to clothing, and the women’s movement support to national industries and handicraft. The crossed analyse of these conflicted representations and normative discourses shows how women are constructed as key purchasing agents and as inflecting fashion. Their position in clothing consumption is either elaborated as a curse for the nation or as an occasion to prove their patriotism and thus advance their claims for citizenship.
摘要在法国统治时期的黎巴嫩,服装消费与经济民族主义、商业和城市模式以及跨国商品和文化流动等问题有关。随着西方国家的服装和潮流大量传播,习惯和外表发生了改变,并在公众舆论中引起了社会和政治反应。本文通过女性购买服装的相互冲突的表述和规范,分析了这种消费政治化的性别层面:发表在《大黄蜂》杂志上的漫画呼应了围绕女性公众形象和消费变化的社会焦虑,以及来自女性媒体的呼吁对时尚采取温和态度的文章。通过旨在教育品味、管理家庭和家庭在服装方面的消费以及妇女运动对民族工业和手工业的支持的文章,考察了爱国母亲和中产阶级品味理想的实际应用。对这些冲突的表征和规范话语的交叉分析表明,女性是如何被塑造成关键的购买代理人和具有影响力的时尚。他们在服装消费中的地位要么被阐述为对国家的诅咒,要么被描述为证明他们爱国主义的机会,从而推进他们的公民身份要求。
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引用次数: 0
Against the dictatorship of rationality. Austerity and consumption in Italy during the seventies 反对理性的独裁。七十年代意大利的紧缩和消费
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/2373518X.2023.2169302
Silvia Pizzirani
ABSTRACT Consumption is always subjected to discursive strategies, and hierarchised to influence the behaviour of citizens: productive and unproductive consumption (J. S. Mill), efficient and inefficient consumption (A. Marshall); these classifications may be designed for moral, economic, and political purposes, in order to set specific boundaries to people’s behaviour in the private sphere, which in turn heavily influence public action, too. During the Seventies, while Italy was marked by an energy crisis and political unrest, the political ruling classes formulated a particular rhetoric of sacrifices and austerity: a common effort of the nation was necessary to solve the economic crisis. The rhetoric of rationality was a political tool promoted by economic elites and various political groups, which were motivated by different reasons. Women were an important part of this discourse, since they were depicted both as big spenders and as the nation’s savers. Another famous opposition to this rhetoric was promoted by left-wing movements, a heterogeneous universe: in some cases, irrationality was promoted as a revolutionary behaviour. This article, after a brief introduction to the Italian context and to the outbreak of the oil crisis, focuses on how the concept of rationality was used to justify specific moralities and behaviours or to delegitimise certain social and political subjects.
摘要消费总是受到话语策略的影响,并被分为层次来影响公民的行为:生产性和非生产性消费(J.S.Mill),高效和低效消费(A.Marshall);这些分类可能是为了道德、经济和政治目的而设计的,目的是为人们在私人领域的行为设定特定的界限,而私人领域的活动反过来也会严重影响公共行动。在20世纪70年代,当意大利面临能源危机和政治动荡时,政治统治阶级制定了一种牺牲和紧缩的特殊言论:解决经济危机需要国家的共同努力。理性修辞是经济精英和各种政治团体推动的一种政治工具,其动机各不相同。女性是这场讨论的重要组成部分,因为她们既被描绘成挥金如土的人,又被描绘成国家的储蓄者。对这种言论的另一个著名反对是由左翼运动推动的,这是一个异质的世界:在某些情况下,非理性被宣传为一种革命行为。本文在简要介绍了意大利的背景和石油危机的爆发后,重点讨论了理性的概念是如何被用来为特定的道德和行为辩护或剥夺某些社会和政治主题的合法性的。
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引用次数: 0
Steering the free market through a food crisis? Fiscal policy and meat consumption in Brussels during the 1840s 在粮食危机中驾驭自由市场?19世纪40年代布鲁塞尔的财政政策和肉类消费
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/2373518X.2023.2169307
Dennis De Vriese
ABSTRACT By the 1840s the Brussels city council had become distinctly liberal in its approach to the economy. Even the meat sector, once uniquely intensely regulated by urban authorities, had shed almost all early modern regulation and was largely left to the free market. However, the 1840s subsistence crisis and rising food prices increased pressure on lawmakers to intervene. This paper explores how, rather than returning to older consumer-protecting limits on the market such as price-setting, the council used its fiscal authority to ease its citizens’ burden. What appears from discussions on taxation is a great willingness to try to influence the free market through changing tax rates in favour of the interest of poor and labouring consumers. Unlike the shift from prices to health the literature suggests (Horowitz, Pilcher and Watts [2004]. “Meat for the Multitudes: Market Culture in Paris, New York City, and Mexico City over the Long Nineteenth Century.” The American Historical Review 109, no. 4 (October 2004): 1055–1083. doi:10.1086/530749), this consumer interest was interpreted as relating both to meat prices and meat quality and salubriousness. While the explicit focus on urban consumers was new, many arguments repeated early modern concerns of greedy butchers preying on poor consumers, with price and health as twin priorities. The new liberal regime, facing crisis, used new tools, but traditional discourse and conceptions of government responsibility persisted.
摘要到19世纪40年代,布鲁塞尔市议会在经济方面变得明显自由。即使是曾经受到城市当局独特严格监管的肉类行业,也几乎摆脱了早期所有的现代监管,在很大程度上留给了自由市场。然而,19世纪40年代的生存危机和不断上涨的食品价格增加了立法者进行干预的压力。本文探讨了委员会如何利用其财政权力来减轻公民的负担,而不是回到价格制定等保护老年消费者的市场限制。从税收讨论中可以看出,人们非常愿意通过改变税率来影响自由市场,以利于穷人和劳动消费者的利益。与文献表明的从价格向健康的转变不同(Horowitz,Pilcher和Watts[2004]。“多元肉类:漫长的十九世纪巴黎、纽约和墨西哥城的市场文化”。《美国历史评论》109,第4期(2004年10月):1055–1083。doi:10.1086/530749),这种消费者兴趣被解释为与肉类价格、肉类质量和健康有关。虽然明确关注城市消费者是新的,但许多论点重复了早期现代的担忧,即贪婪的屠夫捕食贫穷的消费者,价格和健康是双重优先事项。面对危机的新自由主义政权使用了新的工具,但政府责任的传统话语和概念仍然存在。
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引用次数: 0
‘The people, too, can be consumers’: debating French consumer citizenship in the ‘Age of Revolution’ (c. 1830–c. 1848) “人民也可以成为消费者”:“革命时代”(1830 - 1830)法国消费者公民权之争。1848)
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/2373518X.2023.2169308
Charris De Smet
ABSTRACT This paper presents an investigation into parliamentary debates on consumer citizenship in early nineteenth-century France. This contribution aims to chart the competing political visions that emerged during the Age of Revolution negotiating the coming-of-age of (urban) France as a consumerist society with notions of citizenship, the common good and patriotic sentiments. By looking at two distinct moments of regime change i.e. 1830 and 1848, this paper features a comparison of how MPs and political elites perceived consumer behaviour, its social, economic and cultural effects and its desirability in different political constellations ranging from monarchical to republican. By consulting digital newspaper archives and critically using search terms on this large body of text, a historical discourse analysis of parliamentary speeches on how to align citizenship and consumption was effected that carefully reconstructs the ideological rifts and social dynamics characterizing the political life of the era.
摘要本文对19世纪初法国议会关于消费者公民身份的辩论进行了调查。这篇文章旨在描绘革命时代出现的相互竞争的政治愿景,谈判法国作为一个具有公民意识、共同利益和爱国情绪的消费主义社会的成年。通过观察政权更迭的两个不同时刻,即1830年和1848年,本文比较了国会议员和政治精英如何看待消费者行为,其社会、经济和文化影响,以及在从君主制到共和制的不同政治群体中的可取性。通过查阅数字报纸档案,并在这大量文本中批判性地使用搜索词,对议会演讲中关于如何将公民身份与消费结合起来的历史话语分析得以实现,这仔细地重建了那个时代政治生活中的意识形态裂痕和社会动态。
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引用次数: 0
Sons of our race! Help your motherland! Buy Italian! Italian propaganda through food ads among Italian American ethnic communities at the turn of the century 我们种族的儿子们!帮助你的祖国!买意大利货!世纪之交,意大利在意大利裔美国人社区中通过食品广告进行宣传
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/2373518X.2023.2169298
Federico Chiaricati
ABSTRACT This essay will focus on the political meanings about food consumption among Italian Americans at the turn of the Century underlining how and where these meanings were spread and affected the idea of ‘italianness’. Food advertisements published on ethnic newspapers reported political messages and the images of great Italian personalities, such as Giuseppe Garibaldi, Cristoforo Colombo or Dante Alighieri, fostering the sense of nostalgia among migrants. Similarly, some brands were named after personalities such as D’Annunzio and Mussolini, to emphasize political affinity to the motherland The groceries and other small food shops that sold these goods represented not only a place to buy things, but also a hangout for the ethnic community and depicted the landscape of the ethnic neighbor. Often the owner came from the same village of his customers and became a symbol because his origin ensured the authenticity of the products. Go to a particular shop and buy a particular food could represent a political choice. Italian Governments, and above all Fascist Regime, forced migrants to demonstrate to be loyal patriots and kin with the family left in Italy buying Italian products first.
本文将着重探讨世纪之交意大利裔美国人对食物消费的政治含义,强调这些含义是如何以及在哪里传播和影响“意大利性”的。少数民族报纸上发布的食品广告报道了政治信息和伟大的意大利人物的形象,如朱塞佩·加里波第、克里斯托福罗·科伦坡或丹蒂·阿利吉耶里,培养了移民的怀旧感。同样,一些品牌以丹农齐奥和墨索里尼等名人的名字命名,以强调与祖国的政治亲和力。出售这些商品的杂货店和其他小型食品店不仅代表了一个购买东西的地方,也是少数民族社区的聚会场所,并描绘了少数民族邻居的景观。店主通常来自顾客的同一个村庄,并成为一个象征,因为他的原产地确保了产品的真实性。去一家特定的商店买一种特定的食物可能代表一种政治选择。意大利政府,尤其是法西斯政权,强迫移民证明自己是忠诚的爱国者和亲属,留在意大利的家人首先购买意大利产品。
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引用次数: 0
The politics of consumption as discursive space: structures, actors, and interactions in the modern age 作为话语空间的消费政治:现代的结构、行动者和互动
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/2373518X.2023.2169303
Charris De Smet, Ilja Van Damme, Marnix Beyen
ABSTRACT This special issue on the ‘politics of consumption’ in the modern age revisits the political approaches adopted within consumption history in the last twenty years. New directions to explore in the future study of the politics of consumption are identified, here defined as the discursive process through which consumers and consumption become framed and politicized by state- and/or market-driven actors for wider societal frameworks and goals. In what follows, the complex interrelations between politics and consumption will be interrogated from a variety of perspectives by combining insights from a diverse range of cases throughout the North Atlantic World from the early nineteenth-century until the 1980s. The five contributions all apply fundamental theories, concepts and methodologies from political history, investigating topics such as the municipal regulation of meat consumption, parliamentary debates about consumer citizenship, food propaganda among expat communities, anti-imperial sartorial practices and discourses of consumer austerity in times of economic crisis. The articles reunited here underline the centrality of power dynamics in shaping consumers and consumption, observable on all levels and affecting all actors, hence emphasizing the necessity to reckon with these often hidden but very real forces in historical research on consumption.
这期关于现代消费政治的特刊回顾了近二十年来消费史上所采用的政治方法。确定了未来消费政治研究的新方向,在这里定义为消费者和消费被国家和/或市场驱动的行为者为更广泛的社会框架和目标所框定和政治化的话语过程。在接下来的内容中,将结合从19世纪初到20世纪80年代北大西洋世界各地不同案例的见解,从各种角度对政治和消费之间复杂的相互关系进行审问。这五篇文章都应用了政治史上的基本理论、概念和方法,研究了诸如市政对肉类消费的监管、议会关于消费者公民身份的辩论、外籍社区的食品宣传、反帝国的着装实践以及经济危机时期消费者紧缩的论述等主题。在这里重新组合的文章强调了权力动态在塑造消费者和消费方面的中心地位,在各个层面上都可以观察到,并影响到所有参与者,因此强调了在消费历史研究中考虑这些往往隐藏但非常真实的力量的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
The Power of Persuasion: Becoming a Merchant in the 18th Century 《说服的力量:成为18世纪的商人
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/2373518X.2022.2120289
M. Hunt
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引用次数: 0
Women’s periodicals and print culture in Britain, 1918–1939: the interwar period 英国女性期刊与印刷文化,1918-1939:两次世界大战之间的时期
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/2373518x.2022.2120842
E. Liggins
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引用次数: 0
Retail occupancy and vacancy in King Street, Manchester: applying microhistorical principles to retailing 曼彻斯特国王街的零售业占用率和空置率:将微观历史原理应用于零售业
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2021-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/2373518X.2022.2062985
G. Warnaby, D. Medway
ABSTRACT This paper focuses on contemporary retail history, analysing trends in ground floor retail occupancy within King Street, Manchester, UK, from 1967 onwards, through an analysis of Goad shopping centre plan data over this period. The paper also considers the development of recent narratives relating to occupancy and vacancy within this street via documentary analysis of local media coverage. Over the period in question, analysis of occupancy of individual premises reveals a contrasting pattern of continuity and flux, with varying degrees of retail vacancy and the mix of retailers over the period changing from a heterogenous mix to one where fashion retailers predominate. The paper concludes by addressing the utility of a microhistorical approach in terms of explaining the developments in King Street over this period.
摘要:本文关注当代零售历史,通过对这一时期的Goad购物中心规划数据的分析,分析了1967年以来英国曼彻斯特国王街底层零售占用率的趋势。本文还通过对当地媒体报道的文献分析,考虑了与这条街上的占用和空置有关的近期叙述的发展。在本报告所述期间,对个别房地占用情况的分析显示出连续性和变化性的对比模式,零售空缺的程度不同,这一期间零售商的组合从异质组合变为时尚零售商占主导地位的组合。最后,本文阐述了微观历史方法在解释国王街在这一时期的发展方面的效用。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
History of Retailing and Consumption
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