Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/2373518X.2019.1589858
Shane Hamilton
ABSTRACT Questions of how best to feed the urban masses in an economy largely dependent on petroleum have permeated Venezuela’s domestic and international political spheres since World War II. A state-initiated project, run by American capitalists under the direction of Nelson Rockefeller, developed Venezuela’s milk distribution system into one of the country’s most important agrifood industries by the late 1960s. The ways in which the firm navigated complicated questions of legitimacy and trust in public and private organizations provide an illustrative example of the inherently complicated relationship between state and business in the political economy of food distribution.
{"title":"Distributing legitimacy: the politics of milk in post-World War II Venezuela","authors":"Shane Hamilton","doi":"10.1080/2373518X.2019.1589858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2373518X.2019.1589858","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Questions of how best to feed the urban masses in an economy largely dependent on petroleum have permeated Venezuela’s domestic and international political spheres since World War II. A state-initiated project, run by American capitalists under the direction of Nelson Rockefeller, developed Venezuela’s milk distribution system into one of the country’s most important agrifood industries by the late 1960s. The ways in which the firm navigated complicated questions of legitimacy and trust in public and private organizations provide an illustrative example of the inherently complicated relationship between state and business in the political economy of food distribution.","PeriodicalId":36537,"journal":{"name":"History of Retailing and Consumption","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2373518X.2019.1589858","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41626032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/2373518X.2019.1593001
Tracey A Deutsch
It is a pleasure to write the introduction to this issue the History of Retail and Consumption. Such a theme is wholly appropriate for this journal; food has an obvious importance to retailing and consumption. It’s a large sector of most economies and perhaps the most critical ingredient in the survival and reproduction of people who will do the consuming and the provisioning and selling. Moreover, food cements the importance of businesses and enterprise to the societies in which they operate: food, and the businesses that sell it, are key to national, ethnic, and religious identities, sites for status performance and power relations, vehicles for cultural notions of health and purity, and hence also targets of moral outrage when these are violated. This special issue offers ample evidence of all of these themes. But these articles do much more than establish the importance of food to consumption and retail. They also speak to the complexities of food – and hence the complexities of retail and consumption. For instance, the pieces juxtapose the global and the intimate. Ingredients and knowledge that become the basis of ‘national’ dishes often come from foreign sources and require transnational connections, as Amy Tigner and Shane Hamilton establish. Food’s physical workings, the fact that it reproduces bodies and has such importance to individual health and everyday life, means that such foreign connections can come to seem either necessary (e.g. for knowledge and ingredients) or problematic (because they undermine local economies and individuals). Either way, food points to the inextricable connectedness of different spaces and regions. Food makes it difficult to keep our historical subjects in one place. Because it is so important, perhaps it is not surprising that food so often inspires complaint, conflict and enormous effort. As Anna Zeide and Christopher Deutsch (no relation) emphasize, food also reveals retailing and consumption as sites of ‘friction,’ in Anna Tsing’s sense. People do not necessarily ‘get what they want’ and they pressure businesses to do something else. Moreover, consumer demands are only one factor in business decisions. What food gets sold is a matter of what is noticed and transferred, by capital, diplomats, managers etc. Government policy, the vagaries of international trade, firms’ margins and models, even the need to dispose of waste and to reckon with environmental damage – all of this also shapes what is distributed and consumed. Food is the result of complex relationships that are nearly impossible to systematize. Scholars of retailing and consumption can take several lessons from this issue. One is the sheer importance of food; in all of these articles, food is the catalyst for changes to consumption and distribution more broadly. Food explains how people lived, and how economies, businesses, families and politics worked. It is literally consumed; there’s no need to resort to metaphor to describe its importance.
{"title":"Food distribution","authors":"Tracey A Deutsch","doi":"10.1080/2373518X.2019.1593001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2373518X.2019.1593001","url":null,"abstract":"It is a pleasure to write the introduction to this issue the History of Retail and Consumption. Such a theme is wholly appropriate for this journal; food has an obvious importance to retailing and consumption. It’s a large sector of most economies and perhaps the most critical ingredient in the survival and reproduction of people who will do the consuming and the provisioning and selling. Moreover, food cements the importance of businesses and enterprise to the societies in which they operate: food, and the businesses that sell it, are key to national, ethnic, and religious identities, sites for status performance and power relations, vehicles for cultural notions of health and purity, and hence also targets of moral outrage when these are violated. This special issue offers ample evidence of all of these themes. But these articles do much more than establish the importance of food to consumption and retail. They also speak to the complexities of food – and hence the complexities of retail and consumption. For instance, the pieces juxtapose the global and the intimate. Ingredients and knowledge that become the basis of ‘national’ dishes often come from foreign sources and require transnational connections, as Amy Tigner and Shane Hamilton establish. Food’s physical workings, the fact that it reproduces bodies and has such importance to individual health and everyday life, means that such foreign connections can come to seem either necessary (e.g. for knowledge and ingredients) or problematic (because they undermine local economies and individuals). Either way, food points to the inextricable connectedness of different spaces and regions. Food makes it difficult to keep our historical subjects in one place. Because it is so important, perhaps it is not surprising that food so often inspires complaint, conflict and enormous effort. As Anna Zeide and Christopher Deutsch (no relation) emphasize, food also reveals retailing and consumption as sites of ‘friction,’ in Anna Tsing’s sense. People do not necessarily ‘get what they want’ and they pressure businesses to do something else. Moreover, consumer demands are only one factor in business decisions. What food gets sold is a matter of what is noticed and transferred, by capital, diplomats, managers etc. Government policy, the vagaries of international trade, firms’ margins and models, even the need to dispose of waste and to reckon with environmental damage – all of this also shapes what is distributed and consumed. Food is the result of complex relationships that are nearly impossible to systematize. Scholars of retailing and consumption can take several lessons from this issue. One is the sheer importance of food; in all of these articles, food is the catalyst for changes to consumption and distribution more broadly. Food explains how people lived, and how economies, businesses, families and politics worked. It is literally consumed; there’s no need to resort to metaphor to describe its importance. ","PeriodicalId":36537,"journal":{"name":"History of Retailing and Consumption","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2373518X.2019.1593001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48191352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/2373518X.2019.1589859
Amy L. Tigner
ABSTRACT In this essay, I look at a particular set of seventeenth-century English manuscripts that include culinary, medicinal, or household recipes with Iberian origins: the Granville Family Recipe Book; Lady Ann Fanshawe’s Recipe Book; Sarah Hughes ‘Libro: Recetas de Portugal para hacer Peuetes y Pastillas y adreçar Guantes perfumados’; and a section from the journals of Edward Montegue, 1st Earl of Sandwich. These manuscripts that contain what I am calling ‘trans-border’ recipes provide a glimpse into the political, cultural and colonial history that illuminates the relationship between the Iberian Peninsula, England and the expanding globe. This history of food distribution is not one that reveals the decisions of highest levels of state, but rather it is a domestic history that nonetheless drove Europe’s desire for new tastes and resources. As these trans-border recipes travel from Iberia to England – or, sometimes from the New World, Africa or Asia to Spain or Portugal and then to England – they also reveal the transmission of kitchen techniques, household practice, medical knowledge and culinary tastes. Trans-border recipes work to transform the bodies upon which act, so that the Iberian culinary, medicinal and cosmetic recipes are literally absorbed into English bodies, changing cultural expectations and physical circumstances.
摘要在这篇文章中，我看到了一组17世纪的英文手稿，其中包括源自伊比利亚的烹饪、药用或家庭食谱：格兰维尔家庭食谱书；Ann Fanshawe女士的食谱；莎拉·休斯（Sarah Hughes）的《自由：葡萄牙香水》（Libro:Recetas de Portugal para hacer Peuetes y Pastilas y adreçar Guantes famouados）；以及第一代三明治伯爵爱德华·蒙特格的日记中的一节。这些手稿包含了我所说的“跨境”食谱，让我们得以一窥政治、文化和殖民历史，揭示了伊比利亚半岛、英国和不断扩张的全球之间的关系。这段食物分配的历史并没有揭示国家最高级别的决定，而是一段国内历史，尽管如此，它还是推动了欧洲对新口味和资源的渴望。当这些跨境食谱从伊比利亚到英国，有时从新世界、非洲或亚洲到西班牙或葡萄牙，然后再到英国时，它们也揭示了厨房技术、家庭实践、医学知识和烹饪品味的传播。跨境食谱致力于改变身体，使伊比利亚的烹饪、药用和美容食谱真正融入英国人的身体，改变文化期望和身体环境。
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Pub Date : 2018-09-02DOI: 10.1080/2373518X.2018.1551473
Bronwen Edwards
ABSTRACT This article is about the branches of fashionable London menswear retailers on ocean liners 1930–1960. It examines the design and spaces of shops on Cunard liners, and the connected discourses about masculine consumption cultures and geographies contained in trade journals, advertising and business records. The article draws together perspectives from consumption and design histories and geographies. It addresses the intersection between men's fashion, consumption and travel geographies on liner decks. It considers how metropolitan menswear retailers, adjusting to changing overseas markets, engaged with transatlantic leisure travel cultures. This created a complex web of production, retail and consumption spanning the Atlantic, whilst also demonstrating the elasticity of metropolitan consumption geographies. This study of liner shops re-examines the urban, 'located' nature of mid twentieth century fashionable consumption culture. It rethinks the ‘otherness’ of historic maritime life, repositioning the interior of the ocean liner as an extension of and staging of West End consumption space. It is also explored as a place of transformation, for preparing for the metropolitan.
{"title":"Shops on A-Deck: transatlantic consumption, the masculine tourist and the metropolitanisation of the ocean liner","authors":"Bronwen Edwards","doi":"10.1080/2373518X.2018.1551473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2373518X.2018.1551473","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article is about the branches of fashionable London menswear retailers on ocean liners 1930–1960. It examines the design and spaces of shops on Cunard liners, and the connected discourses about masculine consumption cultures and geographies contained in trade journals, advertising and business records. The article draws together perspectives from consumption and design histories and geographies. It addresses the intersection between men's fashion, consumption and travel geographies on liner decks. It considers how metropolitan menswear retailers, adjusting to changing overseas markets, engaged with transatlantic leisure travel cultures. This created a complex web of production, retail and consumption spanning the Atlantic, whilst also demonstrating the elasticity of metropolitan consumption geographies. This study of liner shops re-examines the urban, 'located' nature of mid twentieth century fashionable consumption culture. It rethinks the ‘otherness’ of historic maritime life, repositioning the interior of the ocean liner as an extension of and staging of West End consumption space. It is also explored as a place of transformation, for preparing for the metropolitan.","PeriodicalId":36537,"journal":{"name":"History of Retailing and Consumption","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2373518X.2018.1551473","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42866663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-02DOI: 10.1080/2373518X.2018.1549401
J. Jordan
ABSTRACT During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, Europe imported ever-increasing quantities of previously unknown consumer goods – porcelain, spices, tea and coffee, textiles, especially silk and cotton – the list goes on and on. Historians readily acknowledge these goods were catalysts in sparking transformations to early modern European consumption, trade, and material culture. While these developments have been investigated thoroughly for northwestern Europe, Switzerland's place within this narrative remains to be assessed. This article probes the consumption of tea and coffee in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Bern. First, it first looks at their public consumption – in coffeehouses, taverns, and inns. Second, using a serial run of bankruptcy inventories, it investigates their private consumption in Bern, and whether there were marked differences in the chronology and levels of consumption of a global good like tea and coffee between polities with and without trading companies, port cites, and colonies.
{"title":"Global goods away from global trading points? Tea and coffee in early modern Bern","authors":"J. Jordan","doi":"10.1080/2373518X.2018.1549401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2373518X.2018.1549401","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, Europe imported ever-increasing quantities of previously unknown consumer goods – porcelain, spices, tea and coffee, textiles, especially silk and cotton – the list goes on and on. Historians readily acknowledge these goods were catalysts in sparking transformations to early modern European consumption, trade, and material culture. While these developments have been investigated thoroughly for northwestern Europe, Switzerland's place within this narrative remains to be assessed. This article probes the consumption of tea and coffee in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Bern. First, it first looks at their public consumption – in coffeehouses, taverns, and inns. Second, using a serial run of bankruptcy inventories, it investigates their private consumption in Bern, and whether there were marked differences in the chronology and levels of consumption of a global good like tea and coffee between polities with and without trading companies, port cites, and colonies.","PeriodicalId":36537,"journal":{"name":"History of Retailing and Consumption","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2373518X.2018.1549401","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48549812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-04DOI: 10.1080/2373518X.2018.1470212
M. Hilton
ABSTRACT Over the last two decades, as research on retailing and consumption in socialist Eastern Europe has expanded, scholars have challenged the idea that the history of ‘consumer culture’ is defined by the Western experience. Many argue that socialist authorities and citizens charted an alternative path to consumer modernity and conclude that managing consumer demand was as critical to socialism’s survival, as to its collapse. The use of unofficial sources, including personal correspondence and interviews, to illuminate the meanings citizens ascribed to consumer goods in their personal lives and in socialist societies have yielded rich insights about the exercise and limits of state power, the relationship between socialist authorities and citizens, and daily life under socialism.
{"title":"Perspectives on Eastern European retailing and consumption","authors":"M. Hilton","doi":"10.1080/2373518X.2018.1470212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2373518X.2018.1470212","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Over the last two decades, as research on retailing and consumption in socialist Eastern Europe has expanded, scholars have challenged the idea that the history of ‘consumer culture’ is defined by the Western experience. Many argue that socialist authorities and citizens charted an alternative path to consumer modernity and conclude that managing consumer demand was as critical to socialism’s survival, as to its collapse. The use of unofficial sources, including personal correspondence and interviews, to illuminate the meanings citizens ascribed to consumer goods in their personal lives and in socialist societies have yielded rich insights about the exercise and limits of state power, the relationship between socialist authorities and citizens, and daily life under socialism.","PeriodicalId":36537,"journal":{"name":"History of Retailing and Consumption","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2373518X.2018.1470212","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44725016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-04DOI: 10.1080/2373518X.2018.1486657
J. Cunningham
ABSTRACT Who instigated the development of the production of silverwares in seventeenth-century Dublin: the city’s goldsmiths or their consumers? This paper presents the burgeoning market for silver among consumers in early-seventeenth century Ireland as an essential socio-economic condition for encouraging the concerted development of the craft at this time. The paper will also show how the formation by the Dublin guild of goldsmiths of the Company of Goldsmiths of Dublin in 1637 and, with it, the timely regulation of their craft, brought immigrant craftsmen to the capital, cultivating an environment in which the quality of silver produced was regarded to be ‘as good and ffyne as any plate of London towche’. A consumer society was well-established in seventeenth-century Ireland and the period witnessed the growing appetite for imported and domestically-manufactured luxury wares among the country’s elite. This is particularly apparent with the evidence relating to the consumption of silver; seventeenth-century Irish consumers sourced their domestic silverwares from local and international goldsmiths alike. As the century progressed, the increasing volume of silver produced and acquired in Ireland by Irish consumers was mirrored by the exponentially expanding numbers of goldsmiths operating in Dublin and in other regional centres. Balancing case-study evidence relating to individual goldsmiths and their patrons with quantitative analysis demonstrating the craft’s growth and expansion, this paper examines the multiple and complementary factors informing the production of silver in early-modern Ireland.
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Pub Date : 2018-05-03DOI: 10.1080/2373518X.2018.1469876
P. Craddock
ABSTRACT If you had enough money, in the late eighteenth century, you could pay a dentist to replace your rotten teeth with someone else’s healthy teeth. The tooth transplant was technically simple by the standards of today’s transplant surgery – the surgeon simply inserted a freshly-drawn tooth into the recipient’s mouth, and tied it in place until it united with the body – but the cultural and economic significance of the operation is far more complex. This article examines the role of the economy and economic metaphors in the cultural significance of eighteenth-century tooth transplant. It specifically analyses concepts of financial, societal, and bodily circulation as they appear in representations both of the procedure, and of emerging donor-recipient relationships. In exploring these three kinds of circulation, this article will draw together and extend work on the commercialisation of dentistry, the social dynamic of the tooth transplant, and vitalist discourse of John Hunter.
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Pub Date : 2018-03-29DOI: 10.1080/2373518X.2018.1449922
Klara Arnberg, Orsi Husz
ABSTRACT This article highlights the transfers and practical uses of the commercial knowledge of window dressing in early twentieth-century Sweden through the analysis of the professional career and family business of Oscar Lundkvist, Swedish display pioneer and former window dresser in chief of the largest and first Swedish department store, Nordiska Kompaniet. Building on rich source material including unique written and photographic documents from the Lundkvist family, educational material and trade journals, we show how the innovative and spectacular became ordinary and mundane in retail praxis. We argue that the emergence and professionalization of window display brought with it the dissemination and trivialization of the same practice. By focusing on not only the most conspicuous aspects and cultural meanings of window displays but also on the materials and competences involved, we explain how setting up the displays became an everyday commercial practice and how it was positioned between advertising and retail as well as between the artistic and the commercial.
{"title":"From the great department store with love: window display and the transfer of commercial knowledge in early twentieth-century Sweden","authors":"Klara Arnberg, Orsi Husz","doi":"10.1080/2373518X.2018.1449922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/2373518X.2018.1449922","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article highlights the transfers and practical uses of the commercial knowledge of window dressing in early twentieth-century Sweden through the analysis of the professional career and family business of Oscar Lundkvist, Swedish display pioneer and former window dresser in chief of the largest and first Swedish department store, Nordiska Kompaniet. Building on rich source material including unique written and photographic documents from the Lundkvist family, educational material and trade journals, we show how the innovative and spectacular became ordinary and mundane in retail praxis. We argue that the emergence and professionalization of window display brought with it the dissemination and trivialization of the same practice. By focusing on not only the most conspicuous aspects and cultural meanings of window displays but also on the materials and competences involved, we explain how setting up the displays became an everyday commercial practice and how it was positioned between advertising and retail as well as between the artistic and the commercial.","PeriodicalId":36537,"journal":{"name":"History of Retailing and Consumption","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/2373518X.2018.1449922","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44128935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/2373518X.2018.1436226
Animesh Chatterjee
ABSTRACT The introduction of electricity supply into urban colonial India in the late-nineteenth and early twentieth centuries coincided with the emergence of an Indian middle class debating its own identity and autonomy, and the development of ‘modern’ and Westernised urban centres. This article examines how colonial plans for urban and domestic electrification were influenced by the class politics of the urban Indian middle class and its varied notions of nationalism, traditionalism and modernity. I investigate how the colonial government and promoters of electrical technologies responded to the opportunities and constraints of the urban Indian middle-class domestic sphere to refashion the language of electricity to be contiguous with the political and social exigencies of the emerging Indian middle class. Looking at the language of electrification that arose in the social, cultural and political contexts reveals how far class and identity politics were matters of importance in what has been termed ‘the uneven electrification of the British empire’. While this article concentrates on urban colonial India, it brings to light newer aspects of the place of electricity within processes of urban development and class politics, and vice versa, especially within the unsettled cultural and social backgrounds of colonial societies.
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