Pub Date : 2006-01-01DOI: 10.1080/03746600608685111
M. J. Richardson
Summary Sixty-four species of coprophilous fungi were recorded from 42 herbivore dung samples collected in Orkney and Shetland in summer 2005. One, Ascobolus brantophilus, a high latitude species, is newly recorded for the UK and 13 and 28 species are newly recorded for Orkney and Shetland, respectively. The data obtained, with other records, are used to provide support for an earlier demonstration that the latitudinal gradient of species rich-ness, which declines with increasing latitude, can be observed by studying coprophilous fungi.
{"title":"New records of fungi from Orkney and Shetland","authors":"M. J. Richardson","doi":"10.1080/03746600608685111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03746600608685111","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Sixty-four species of coprophilous fungi were recorded from 42 herbivore dung samples collected in Orkney and Shetland in summer 2005. One, Ascobolus brantophilus, a high latitude species, is newly recorded for the UK and 13 and 28 species are newly recorded for Orkney and Shetland, respectively. The data obtained, with other records, are used to provide support for an earlier demonstration that the latitudinal gradient of species rich-ness, which declines with increasing latitude, can be observed by studying coprophilous fungi.","PeriodicalId":365547,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of Scotland","volume":"26 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123495613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-01-01DOI: 10.1080/03746600508685093
B. Coppins, A. M. Coppins
Summary The Atlantic broad-leaved woodlands of Britain are of international renown for their lichen floras. They are inhabited by 517 lichens, representing 28.3% of the total lichen flora and 73.2% of all British woodland lichens, and they are the main habitat for 165 species. Of these, 31 have a marked southern distribution and do not reach Scotland, whereas 26 species are found in Scotland, but not England or Wales. Their British Red-listed species are outnumbered by the 86 species for which Britain has International Responsibility. Within the Atlantic broad-leaved woodlands, only 30 lichens show a preponderance for oak. With the exception of some ancient oakwoods in southern England, a high lichen biodiversity is rarely dependent on a dominance of oak in the woodland canopy, more usually it is the result of a long ecological continuity, often a varied tree and shrub composition, a varied canopy density, and good air quality. Consequently, the oak stands within former ‘industrial’ woodlands have a much lower lichen biodiversity compared with woodlands that have a history as ‘pasture woodland’ or, as with some ravine woodlands, have otherwise escaped intensive management. The life-history of an oak tree is considered in relation to the niches it provides for lichen colonisation with time. Some management scenarios are provided with the enhancement of the lichen interest of former ‘industrial’ oakwoods as an objective.
{"title":"Lichens — the biodiversity value of western woodlands","authors":"B. Coppins, A. M. Coppins","doi":"10.1080/03746600508685093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03746600508685093","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The Atlantic broad-leaved woodlands of Britain are of international renown for their lichen floras. They are inhabited by 517 lichens, representing 28.3% of the total lichen flora and 73.2% of all British woodland lichens, and they are the main habitat for 165 species. Of these, 31 have a marked southern distribution and do not reach Scotland, whereas 26 species are found in Scotland, but not England or Wales. Their British Red-listed species are outnumbered by the 86 species for which Britain has International Responsibility. Within the Atlantic broad-leaved woodlands, only 30 lichens show a preponderance for oak. With the exception of some ancient oakwoods in southern England, a high lichen biodiversity is rarely dependent on a dominance of oak in the woodland canopy, more usually it is the result of a long ecological continuity, often a varied tree and shrub composition, a varied canopy density, and good air quality. Consequently, the oak stands within former ‘industrial’ woodlands have a much lower lichen biodiversity compared with woodlands that have a history as ‘pasture woodland’ or, as with some ravine woodlands, have otherwise escaped intensive management. The life-history of an oak tree is considered in relation to the niches it provides for lichen colonisation with time. Some management scenarios are provided with the enhancement of the lichen interest of former ‘industrial’ oakwoods as an objective.","PeriodicalId":365547,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of Scotland","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116943534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-01-01DOI: 10.1080/03746600508685095
S. Palmer, A. Truscott, R. Mitchell, D. Welch
Summary The fragmented Atlantic oakwoods of western Europe are a habitat of conservation importance, and in the UK are threatened by browsing of young trees, invasion by exotic species and under-planting with conifers. Previous research showed that small tree saplings were abundant in Scottish oakwoods, but growth was limited by shading and frequent browsing. Within this study, we aimed to assess whether subsequent changes in deer management had resulted in increased sapling growth, and to determine whether planting of oak within lines of brash left after conifer clearance had offered long-term protection from browsing. Pellet group counts at two sites in Glen Nant, Argyll, indicated that use by red deer, roe deer and sheep was lower than five years previously. Within one site, sapling survival was high despite continued browsing, and some saplings, particularly hazel, had gained substantial height increments. In contrast, at the second site, survival was low and the surviving saplings had managed no net growth. At a third site in Glen Etive, Argyll, partially protected by fencing, survival of oak saplings was high, and two thirds had increased in height. Planting oak saplings amongst lines of conifer brash did not offer long-term protection, but within a fenced exclosure saplings had grown substantially, despite vigorous competition from the field layer. Deer management policies within these woods are beginning to show some success in promoting regeneration, but they will need to be continued for a long period to overcome the low growth rates of hardwood species.
{"title":"Regeneration in Atlantic oakwoods: has deer management had a beneficial effect?","authors":"S. Palmer, A. Truscott, R. Mitchell, D. Welch","doi":"10.1080/03746600508685095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03746600508685095","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The fragmented Atlantic oakwoods of western Europe are a habitat of conservation importance, and in the UK are threatened by browsing of young trees, invasion by exotic species and under-planting with conifers. Previous research showed that small tree saplings were abundant in Scottish oakwoods, but growth was limited by shading and frequent browsing. Within this study, we aimed to assess whether subsequent changes in deer management had resulted in increased sapling growth, and to determine whether planting of oak within lines of brash left after conifer clearance had offered long-term protection from browsing. Pellet group counts at two sites in Glen Nant, Argyll, indicated that use by red deer, roe deer and sheep was lower than five years previously. Within one site, sapling survival was high despite continued browsing, and some saplings, particularly hazel, had gained substantial height increments. In contrast, at the second site, survival was low and the surviving saplings had managed no net growth. At a third site in Glen Etive, Argyll, partially protected by fencing, survival of oak saplings was high, and two thirds had increased in height. Planting oak saplings amongst lines of conifer brash did not offer long-term protection, but within a fenced exclosure saplings had grown substantially, despite vigorous competition from the field layer. Deer management policies within these woods are beginning to show some success in promoting regeneration, but they will need to be continued for a long period to overcome the low growth rates of hardwood species.","PeriodicalId":365547,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of Scotland","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128278787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-01-01DOI: 10.1080/03746600508685083
D. Kelly
Summary Irish oakwoods are sparsely distributed and generally small in extent. The woodland flora is depauperate compared to Great Britain in terms of flowering plants but quite rich in Oceanic ferns, bryophytes and lichens. It includes a few distinctive species, e.g. the Mediterranean-Atlantic Arbutus unedo. Remnants of ancient woodland survive at scattered locations; they usually contain old coppice stools, or occasionally pollards. Variation in the woodland plant community reflects an edaphic gradient from strongly acid to base-rich, a hydrological gradient from well-drained to waterlogged and a climatic gradient in degree of Oceanicity. The greatest conservation problems facing Irish oak-woods are overgrazing and invasive alien species, chiefly Rhododendron ponticum; to tackle these effectively, greater public concern is required.
{"title":"Woodland on the western fringe: Irish oak wood diversity and the challenges of conservation","authors":"D. Kelly","doi":"10.1080/03746600508685083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03746600508685083","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Irish oakwoods are sparsely distributed and generally small in extent. The woodland flora is depauperate compared to Great Britain in terms of flowering plants but quite rich in Oceanic ferns, bryophytes and lichens. It includes a few distinctive species, e.g. the Mediterranean-Atlantic Arbutus unedo. Remnants of ancient woodland survive at scattered locations; they usually contain old coppice stools, or occasionally pollards. Variation in the woodland plant community reflects an edaphic gradient from strongly acid to base-rich, a hydrological gradient from well-drained to waterlogged and a climatic gradient in degree of Oceanicity. The greatest conservation problems facing Irish oak-woods are overgrazing and invasive alien species, chiefly Rhododendron ponticum; to tackle these effectively, greater public concern is required.","PeriodicalId":365547,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of Scotland","volume":"237 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121148363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-01-01DOI: 10.1080/03746600508685087
P. Quelch
Summary The paper explores whether any of the familar range of current oakwood structures in the west of Scotland can be used as realistic analogues for the prehistoric oakwoods. Even for the early historic oak woodlands we have no detailed knowledge of previous structures and composition. The structure of today's oak woodlands, and to some extent even the legacy of species within that habitat, are a type of biocultural heritage. The oak woodlands that we see today are the product of a long interaction: between man's use of the woodlands and the ongoing natural processes within the oakwood ecosystem. Grazing animals, especially domestic cattle and red deer, have played a key part in determining oak woodland structure in historic times, and perhaps have a future role too. Are there lessons to be drawn from knowledge of past management and regeneration of oak which are relevant to the present day, when most managers are finding it difficult to regenerate oak woodlands on any scale? Understanding past utilisation and structure of oak woodlands is valuable mainly as a guide to future management. Indeed one might ask which models and structures are relevant for managing an oak woodland resource now regarded mainly as a wildlife habitat?
{"title":"Structure and utilisation of the early oakwoods","authors":"P. Quelch","doi":"10.1080/03746600508685087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03746600508685087","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The paper explores whether any of the familar range of current oakwood structures in the west of Scotland can be used as realistic analogues for the prehistoric oakwoods. Even for the early historic oak woodlands we have no detailed knowledge of previous structures and composition. The structure of today's oak woodlands, and to some extent even the legacy of species within that habitat, are a type of biocultural heritage. The oak woodlands that we see today are the product of a long interaction: between man's use of the woodlands and the ongoing natural processes within the oakwood ecosystem. Grazing animals, especially domestic cattle and red deer, have played a key part in determining oak woodland structure in historic times, and perhaps have a future role too. Are there lessons to be drawn from knowledge of past management and regeneration of oak which are relevant to the present day, when most managers are finding it difficult to regenerate oak woodlands on any scale? Understanding past utilisation and structure of oak woodlands is valuable mainly as a guide to future management. Indeed one might ask which models and structures are relevant for managing an oak woodland resource now regarded mainly as a wildlife habitat?","PeriodicalId":365547,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of Scotland","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114218750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-01-01DOI: 10.1080/03746600508685089
J. Hall, D. Stone
Summary Maintenance of biodiversity in these complex woodlands, that have been historically much altered, is based on actions promoting conservation of existing values but which may also prepare them for future changes, such as a decline in the dominance of oak in the canopy. Site condition monitoring of the 9000 ha of Atlantic oakwoods already designated indicates damage from excessive browsing, invading species and lack of deadwood. These conditions and potential hazards from climate change are being addressed by attempting to expand and interconnect existing woodlands to reduce fragmentation and increase possibilities for species to migrate.
{"title":"Overall biodiversity and the spatial patterns of atlantic oakwoods","authors":"J. Hall, D. Stone","doi":"10.1080/03746600508685089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03746600508685089","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Maintenance of biodiversity in these complex woodlands, that have been historically much altered, is based on actions promoting conservation of existing values but which may also prepare them for future changes, such as a decline in the dominance of oak in the canopy. Site condition monitoring of the 9000 ha of Atlantic oakwoods already designated indicates damage from excessive browsing, invading species and lack of deadwood. These conditions and potential hazards from climate change are being addressed by attempting to expand and interconnect existing woodlands to reduce fragmentation and increase possibilities for species to migrate.","PeriodicalId":365547,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of Scotland","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127795154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-01-01DOI: 10.1080/03746600508685082
P. Baarda
Summary Atlantic oakwoods are the oceanic oak-dominated woodlands that fringe the western coast of Britain and Ireland and, due to their high humidity and rich and luxuriant lower plant assemblages, have been regarded as ‘temperate rainforest’. However, unlike the similarly iconic Caledonian pinewoods, Atlantic oakwoods have no formal designation or associated woodland classification type, which gives some uncertainty to the extent of the oakwoods habitat on its fringes. This paper examines the various elements central to the concept of an ‘Atlantic oakwood’ and discuses their occurrence in Great Britain.
{"title":"Atlantic oakwoods in Great Britain: Factors influencing their definition, distribution and occurrence","authors":"P. Baarda","doi":"10.1080/03746600508685082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03746600508685082","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Atlantic oakwoods are the oceanic oak-dominated woodlands that fringe the western coast of Britain and Ireland and, due to their high humidity and rich and luxuriant lower plant assemblages, have been regarded as ‘temperate rainforest’. However, unlike the similarly iconic Caledonian pinewoods, Atlantic oakwoods have no formal designation or associated woodland classification type, which gives some uncertainty to the extent of the oakwoods habitat on its fringes. This paper examines the various elements central to the concept of an ‘Atlantic oakwood’ and discuses their occurrence in Great Britain.","PeriodicalId":365547,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of Scotland","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125199752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-01-01DOI: 10.1080/03746600508685099
Richard Thompson, J. Hope
Summary This paper deals with three aspects of the process of restoring planted ancient woodland sites(PAWS) to semi-natural conditions. Firstly, we describe a baseline assessment of botanical interest within a PAWS. This survey has been undertaken to determine the impact of clearfelling, particularly on lower plants and the subsequent colonisation of ground vegetation into areas currently dominated by needle litter. Secondly, we discuss some of the main considerations when undertaking restoration through alternative silvicultural systems to clearfell. Finally, we describe the main requirement for successful site monitoring for management purposes. The last decade has seen considerable attention given to the benefits of restoring plantations on ancient woodland sites (PAWS) to semi-natural conditions. The survival of species and communities associated with ancient woodland through the process of conversion will be a critical measure of success for restoration practice. It is generally assumed that a gradual approach will improve the chances of such success. Glencripesdale National Nature Reserve (NNR) is a heterogeneous area of semi-natural open ground, ancient woodland and Sitka spruce plantation. The plantation blocks contain occasional discrete elements of semi-natural vegetation, including some veteran trees. Because of difficult access and poor stability, silvicultural options are limited and clear felling is the only practical option. We describe a simple method of monitoring changes to cryptogamic communities and ground layer vegetation prior to and following clearfelling of the plantation matrix. Baseline data are presented. In more stable and accessible stands, there are a number of alternative silvicultural approaches to consider when gradually restoring a PAWS. This paper addresses the question of how to secure ancient woodland remnants. We outline some of the initial silvicultural considerations such as stability, thinning/felling pattern and light requirements of native tree species. An approach to site monitoring is presented to allow managers to assess whether conditions are improving or declining and whether they are delivering objectives.
{"title":"Restoring planted ancient woodland sites — Assessment, silviculture and monitoring","authors":"Richard Thompson, J. Hope","doi":"10.1080/03746600508685099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03746600508685099","url":null,"abstract":"Summary This paper deals with three aspects of the process of restoring planted ancient woodland sites(PAWS) to semi-natural conditions. Firstly, we describe a baseline assessment of botanical interest within a PAWS. This survey has been undertaken to determine the impact of clearfelling, particularly on lower plants and the subsequent colonisation of ground vegetation into areas currently dominated by needle litter. Secondly, we discuss some of the main considerations when undertaking restoration through alternative silvicultural systems to clearfell. Finally, we describe the main requirement for successful site monitoring for management purposes. The last decade has seen considerable attention given to the benefits of restoring plantations on ancient woodland sites (PAWS) to semi-natural conditions. The survival of species and communities associated with ancient woodland through the process of conversion will be a critical measure of success for restoration practice. It is generally assumed that a gradual approach will improve the chances of such success. Glencripesdale National Nature Reserve (NNR) is a heterogeneous area of semi-natural open ground, ancient woodland and Sitka spruce plantation. The plantation blocks contain occasional discrete elements of semi-natural vegetation, including some veteran trees. Because of difficult access and poor stability, silvicultural options are limited and clear felling is the only practical option. We describe a simple method of monitoring changes to cryptogamic communities and ground layer vegetation prior to and following clearfelling of the plantation matrix. Baseline data are presented. In more stable and accessible stands, there are a number of alternative silvicultural approaches to consider when gradually restoring a PAWS. This paper addresses the question of how to secure ancient woodland remnants. We outline some of the initial silvicultural considerations such as stability, thinning/felling pattern and light requirements of native tree species. An approach to site monitoring is presented to allow managers to assess whether conditions are improving or declining and whether they are delivering objectives.","PeriodicalId":365547,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of Scotland","volume":"56 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132757067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-01-01DOI: 10.1080/03746600508685092
G. Rothero
Summary The oceanic bryophyte element of the vegetation of British and Irish Atlantic oakwoods is not only the richest bryophyte flora in Europe, it is also one of the richest bryophyte floras in the world. The oceanic climate and the buffering provided by the tree canopy are critical in maintaining the constant humidity and equable temperatures which provide the basis for this diversity. Though the initial impression of these woodlands is of a homogeneous green carpet over both rocks and trees, most good woodlands will have over 200 different species of moss and liverwort, many of which are very specific as regards micro-habitat. Within the woodlands, a recently glaciated landscape gives much exposed rock of different aspect, texture and chemistry, and also turbulent burns in deep ravines which enhance the humidity. These niches are exploited by different bryophyte communities which may contain a number of species that are very rare in European terms and for which we have a special responsibility. Any management plans for these woodlands should take account of this variety of micro-habitat, and monitoring of the effects on bryophyte populations of any resulting change in the structure of ground vegetation is vital.
{"title":"Oceanic bryophytes in Atlantic oakwoods","authors":"G. Rothero","doi":"10.1080/03746600508685092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03746600508685092","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The oceanic bryophyte element of the vegetation of British and Irish Atlantic oakwoods is not only the richest bryophyte flora in Europe, it is also one of the richest bryophyte floras in the world. The oceanic climate and the buffering provided by the tree canopy are critical in maintaining the constant humidity and equable temperatures which provide the basis for this diversity. Though the initial impression of these woodlands is of a homogeneous green carpet over both rocks and trees, most good woodlands will have over 200 different species of moss and liverwort, many of which are very specific as regards micro-habitat. Within the woodlands, a recently glaciated landscape gives much exposed rock of different aspect, texture and chemistry, and also turbulent burns in deep ravines which enhance the humidity. These niches are exploited by different bryophyte communities which may contain a number of species that are very rare in European terms and for which we have a special responsibility. Any management plans for these woodlands should take account of this variety of micro-habitat, and monitoring of the effects on bryophyte populations of any resulting change in the structure of ground vegetation is vital.","PeriodicalId":365547,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of Scotland","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133244321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-01-01DOI: 10.1080/03746600508685090
A. Kremer, R. Petit, A. Ducousso
Summary Extensive hybridisation between the two sympatric species Quercus petraea and Q.robur is suggested by the near lack of genetic differentiation between the two species and supported by controlled crosses and mating system analysis in mixed stands. Further ecological and genetic evidence suggest that hybridisation does not impede the ecological specialisation of the two species, raising the issue of its evolutionary significance in oaks. Preferential unidirectional hybridization (pollen Q. petraea to ovule Q. robur) has been shown in various mixed stands and facilitates the introduction of sessile oak in existing pedunculate stands. If this unidirectional trend is reinforced in later backcrosses, then hybridisation leads to the dispersal of Q. petraea in existing stands of Q. robur. Hybridisation can therefore be seen as a ‘pollen-mediated’ dispersal mechanism, and has most likely contributed to the rapid migration of Q. petraea in Europe. Given the extant distribution of the species in Europe, migration through pollen swamping should be seen at the edges of the natural distribution of Q. petraea where the demographic imbalance of the two species will reinforce backcrosses.
{"title":"Hybridisation and colonisation dynamics in European oaks","authors":"A. Kremer, R. Petit, A. Ducousso","doi":"10.1080/03746600508685090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03746600508685090","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Extensive hybridisation between the two sympatric species Quercus petraea and Q.robur is suggested by the near lack of genetic differentiation between the two species and supported by controlled crosses and mating system analysis in mixed stands. Further ecological and genetic evidence suggest that hybridisation does not impede the ecological specialisation of the two species, raising the issue of its evolutionary significance in oaks. Preferential unidirectional hybridization (pollen Q. petraea to ovule Q. robur) has been shown in various mixed stands and facilitates the introduction of sessile oak in existing pedunculate stands. If this unidirectional trend is reinforced in later backcrosses, then hybridisation leads to the dispersal of Q. petraea in existing stands of Q. robur. Hybridisation can therefore be seen as a ‘pollen-mediated’ dispersal mechanism, and has most likely contributed to the rapid migration of Q. petraea in Europe. Given the extant distribution of the species in Europe, migration through pollen swamping should be seen at the edges of the natural distribution of Q. petraea where the demographic imbalance of the two species will reinforce backcrosses.","PeriodicalId":365547,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of Scotland","volume":"290 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123269404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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