Pub Date : 2006-01-01DOI: 10.1080/03746600608685110
R. Watling, J. Milne
Summary The identity of a recent Scottish collection thought to be Boletopsis leucomelaena was examined with the help of molecular techniques. This poroid fungus proved to be a new species of Boletopsis differing from the European species occurring with Pinus sylvestris, which should continue to be called B. grisea. The new name Boletopsis peplexa is introduced for all the Scottish collections with Pinus sylvestris.
{"title":"A new species of Boletopsis Associated with Pinus sylvestris L. in Scotland","authors":"R. Watling, J. Milne","doi":"10.1080/03746600608685110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03746600608685110","url":null,"abstract":"Summary The identity of a recent Scottish collection thought to be Boletopsis leucomelaena was examined with the help of molecular techniques. This poroid fungus proved to be a new species of Boletopsis differing from the European species occurring with Pinus sylvestris, which should continue to be called B. grisea. The new name Boletopsis peplexa is introduced for all the Scottish collections with Pinus sylvestris.","PeriodicalId":365547,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of Scotland","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114437509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-01-01DOI: 10.1080/03746600608685104
J. Milne, R. Ennos, P. Hollingsworth
Summary Restoration of scrub and woodland in deforested upland sites is an important conservation activity. However, little is known about the mycorrhizal colonisation potential of upland soils or the factors that influence the distribution of mycorrhizal inoculum. We investigated the effect of existing vegetation on mycorrhizal colonisation potential for a sub-arctic willow (Salix lapponum) by planting uninoculated cuttings into plotsrepresenting two upland habitats with either grassand herbs (‘grass’) or Vaccinium myrtillus (‘vaccinium’) and assessing mycorrhizal colonisation after 14 months using morphological and molecular techniques. From 40 willow cuttings (20 in each habitat), DNA sequences of rive ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungal taxa were recovered: Laccaria proxima, Thelephora terrestris, Hebeloma sp., ‘Thelephoraceae sp.’ and ‘Pezizales sp.’. Cuttings in the ‘grass’ habitat were dominated by Laccaria proxima and ‘Pezizales sp.’ and in the ‘vaccinium’ habitat by Thelephora terrestris which was absent from the ‘grass’ habitat. There were no significant differences between habitats in frequency of EcM inoculum (overall percentage of cuttings colonised = 70%) or colonisation potential (overall mean percentage of root tips colonised per cutting = 20 %). These data suggest that the mycorrhizal colonisation potential and diversity of fungi available to willow in these upland soils are low and planted willow may benefit from inoculum enhancement.
{"title":"Vegetation influence on ectomycorrhizal inoculum Available to sub-arctic willow (Salix lapponum L.) planted in an upland Site","authors":"J. Milne, R. Ennos, P. Hollingsworth","doi":"10.1080/03746600608685104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03746600608685104","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Restoration of scrub and woodland in deforested upland sites is an important conservation activity. However, little is known about the mycorrhizal colonisation potential of upland soils or the factors that influence the distribution of mycorrhizal inoculum. We investigated the effect of existing vegetation on mycorrhizal colonisation potential for a sub-arctic willow (Salix lapponum) by planting uninoculated cuttings into plotsrepresenting two upland habitats with either grassand herbs (‘grass’) or Vaccinium myrtillus (‘vaccinium’) and assessing mycorrhizal colonisation after 14 months using morphological and molecular techniques. From 40 willow cuttings (20 in each habitat), DNA sequences of rive ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungal taxa were recovered: Laccaria proxima, Thelephora terrestris, Hebeloma sp., ‘Thelephoraceae sp.’ and ‘Pezizales sp.’. Cuttings in the ‘grass’ habitat were dominated by Laccaria proxima and ‘Pezizales sp.’ and in the ‘vaccinium’ habitat by Thelephora terrestris which was absent from the ‘grass’ habitat. There were no significant differences between habitats in frequency of EcM inoculum (overall percentage of cuttings colonised = 70%) or colonisation potential (overall mean percentage of root tips colonised per cutting = 20 %). These data suggest that the mycorrhizal colonisation potential and diversity of fungi available to willow in these upland soils are low and planted willow may benefit from inoculum enhancement.","PeriodicalId":365547,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of Scotland","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128069658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-01-01DOI: 10.1080/03746600608685106
G. Laverack, S. Matthews, A. A. Powell, M. Hosseini
Summary In this brief review, the use of wild flower seeds is described as a contribution to the enhancement of biodiversity and as a way of improving grassland and other plant communities. Ecological concerns about sowing seeds in locations that are climatically contrasted to the countries from which the seed is sourced are discussed. Characteristics that aid the spread and survival of normally uncultivated species create difficulties in seed production and use. Establishment of a crop for seed production and subsequent weed control can be troublesome and procedures to achieve these have been developed based on experience. Harvesting methods are selected and modified to suit the maturity and dispersal characteristics of different species. Drying and processing, to ensure the removal of a large proportion of the unwanted material, such as appendages that aid wind dispersal, insect parts and weed seeds, can consist of as many as 10stages for some species. As the final stage in production, seed quality control of wild flower seeds through germination testing has not been routine in the past. Our research has identified appropriate dormancy breaking treatments for a range of species, so that we currently can test the quality of seeds both from different harvest years and periods of storage.
{"title":"Scottish wildflower seeds: Production and use","authors":"G. Laverack, S. Matthews, A. A. Powell, M. Hosseini","doi":"10.1080/03746600608685106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03746600608685106","url":null,"abstract":"Summary In this brief review, the use of wild flower seeds is described as a contribution to the enhancement of biodiversity and as a way of improving grassland and other plant communities. Ecological concerns about sowing seeds in locations that are climatically contrasted to the countries from which the seed is sourced are discussed. Characteristics that aid the spread and survival of normally uncultivated species create difficulties in seed production and use. Establishment of a crop for seed production and subsequent weed control can be troublesome and procedures to achieve these have been developed based on experience. Harvesting methods are selected and modified to suit the maturity and dispersal characteristics of different species. Drying and processing, to ensure the removal of a large proportion of the unwanted material, such as appendages that aid wind dispersal, insect parts and weed seeds, can consist of as many as 10stages for some species. As the final stage in production, seed quality control of wild flower seeds through germination testing has not been routine in the past. Our research has identified appropriate dormancy breaking treatments for a range of species, so that we currently can test the quality of seeds both from different harvest years and periods of storage.","PeriodicalId":365547,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of Scotland","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121468305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-01-01DOI: 10.1080/03746600608685108
H. Mchaffie
Summary Populations of Woodsia ilvensis Oblong Woodsia have been observed to decline at all the British sites. It has been suggested that drought might have accelerated this decline. In an experiment with cultivated Plants it was found that summer drought had a more severe effect than drought during the spring.
{"title":"Experimental Droughting of Woodsia ilvensis (L.) R. Br.","authors":"H. Mchaffie","doi":"10.1080/03746600608685108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03746600608685108","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Populations of Woodsia ilvensis Oblong Woodsia have been observed to decline at all the British sites. It has been suggested that drought might have accelerated this decline. In an experiment with cultivated Plants it was found that summer drought had a more severe effect than drought during the spring.","PeriodicalId":365547,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of Scotland","volume":"11 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124794984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-01-01DOI: 10.1080/03746600608685115
J. Goodchild
Commentary: Richard J. Abbott* This article draws heavily from the work of Clement Reid on fossil deposits in East Anglia and most notably the Cromer Forest Bed Series (Reid 1899). This particular deposit was shown by Reid to contain plant fossils representing a temperate flora very similar to that existing in Britain and Ireland today. Above this deposit is a glacial till containing fossils of an arctic-alpine flora. Goodchild followed the belief of the time that the Cromer Forest Bed was laid down in the late Pliocene ' . . . not less than three millions of years back in the past'. He also suggests that immediately following that period an 'Age of Snow' occurred which prevailed until relatively recent times, i.e. until the current interglacial when the British and Irish Flora was re-established. It is now known that the Cromer Forest Bed is much more recent than thought by Goodchild and represents an interglacial period in the middle Pleistocene some 0.7 to 0.5 million years ago (Godwin, 1975). Although, Goodchild got his dates wrong, and was also incorrect in suggesting that an ice age extended from the time of the Cromer Forest Bed until recently, he was correct in emphasising that the current native British and Irish flora is very similar in composition to that which existed during previous interglacials, and that this temperate flora was re-established as a result of migrants moving across land-bridges from southern refugia. Subsequent palynological studies, and more recent molecular research, have since produced a much clearer picture of where in southern Europe most temperate plants native to Britain and Ireland survived the last ice age, and also the migration routes they followed back to these islands during the early Holocene. Of course, not all species that were previously part of this flora returned by natural means. For example, Rhododendron ponticum L. is one species that did not make it back of its own accord (Godwin, 1975), although subsequently became widely naturalised following its re-introduction by man. This brings up a point not touched on by Goodchild who focused only on the native British flora. In addition to native plants, the present-day British and Irish Flora contains a large percentage (nearly 50%) of naturalised aliens, most of which were introduced either by accident or design due to human activities over the last 500 years (Preston et al., 2002). Of further interest is that some naturalised species have hybridised with components of the native flora or with other introduced species, and on occasion this has led to the origin of new plant species (Abbott et al., 2003). Two notable examples of recently originated British
评论:Richard J. Abbott*这篇文章从克莱门特·里德在东安格利亚的化石矿床和最著名的克罗默森林床系列(里德1899)的工作中大量借鉴。里德指出，这个特殊的沉积物中包含的植物化石代表了温带植物群，与今天英国和爱尔兰存在的植物群非常相似。在这个沉积物的上面是一个冰碛物，里面有北极高山植物群的化石。古德柴尔德遵循当时的信念，认为克罗默森林床是在上新世晚期形成的……不少于300万年前。”他还认为，紧随其后的是一个“雪时代”，一直持续到相对较近的时期，即直到目前的间冰期，英国和爱尔兰植物区系被重新建立起来。现在已经知道，Cromer森林床比Goodchild认为的要晚得多，它代表了更新世中期的间冰期，距今约70万至50万年前(Godwin, 1975)。虽然古德柴尔德的年代搞错了，而且他认为冰河时代从克罗默森林床时期一直延续到最近的说法也不正确，但他强调当前英国和爱尔兰本土植物群的组成与以前间冰期的植物群非常相似，而且这种温带植物群是由于移民从南部难民穿越陆桥而重新建立起来的，这一点是正确的。随后的孢粉学研究，以及最近的分子研究，已经对南欧的温带植物(原产于英国和爱尔兰)在最后一个冰河期的存活地点，以及它们在全新世早期返回这些岛屿的迁徙路线，有了更清晰的认识。当然，并不是所有以前属于这个植物群的物种都通过自然方式回归了。例如，杜鹃花(Rhododendron ponticum L.)是一种没有自行回归的物种(Godwin, 1975)，尽管后来在人类重新引入后被广泛归化。这就引出了古德柴尔德没有提到的一点，他只关注英国本土的植物群。除了本地植物外，当今英国和爱尔兰的植物区系还包含很大比例(近50%)的归化外来物种，其中大多数是由于过去500年来人类活动的意外或设计而引入的(Preston et al.， 2002)。更令人感兴趣的是，一些归化物种与本地植物群的成分或其他引进物种杂交，有时会导致新植物物种的起源(Abbott et al.， 2003)。两个著名的近代英国人的例子
{"title":"The origin of the British Flora","authors":"J. Goodchild","doi":"10.1080/03746600608685115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03746600608685115","url":null,"abstract":"Commentary: Richard J. Abbott* This article draws heavily from the work of Clement Reid on fossil deposits in East Anglia and most notably the Cromer Forest Bed Series (Reid 1899). This particular deposit was shown by Reid to contain plant fossils representing a temperate flora very similar to that existing in Britain and Ireland today. Above this deposit is a glacial till containing fossils of an arctic-alpine flora. Goodchild followed the belief of the time that the Cromer Forest Bed was laid down in the late Pliocene ' . . . not less than three millions of years back in the past'. He also suggests that immediately following that period an 'Age of Snow' occurred which prevailed until relatively recent times, i.e. until the current interglacial when the British and Irish Flora was re-established. It is now known that the Cromer Forest Bed is much more recent than thought by Goodchild and represents an interglacial period in the middle Pleistocene some 0.7 to 0.5 million years ago (Godwin, 1975). Although, Goodchild got his dates wrong, and was also incorrect in suggesting that an ice age extended from the time of the Cromer Forest Bed until recently, he was correct in emphasising that the current native British and Irish flora is very similar in composition to that which existed during previous interglacials, and that this temperate flora was re-established as a result of migrants moving across land-bridges from southern refugia. Subsequent palynological studies, and more recent molecular research, have since produced a much clearer picture of where in southern Europe most temperate plants native to Britain and Ireland survived the last ice age, and also the migration routes they followed back to these islands during the early Holocene. Of course, not all species that were previously part of this flora returned by natural means. For example, Rhododendron ponticum L. is one species that did not make it back of its own accord (Godwin, 1975), although subsequently became widely naturalised following its re-introduction by man. This brings up a point not touched on by Goodchild who focused only on the native British flora. In addition to native plants, the present-day British and Irish Flora contains a large percentage (nearly 50%) of naturalised aliens, most of which were introduced either by accident or design due to human activities over the last 500 years (Preston et al., 2002). Of further interest is that some naturalised species have hybridised with components of the native flora or with other introduced species, and on occasion this has led to the origin of new plant species (Abbott et al., 2003). Two notable examples of recently originated British","PeriodicalId":365547,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of Scotland","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116596642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-01-01DOI: 10.1080/03746600608685120
G. Dickie
Commentary: David Chamberlain* I believe that there is more for the 21st century in this paper than an attempt to put a scientific gloss on a gratifying account of the spoils of the hunt. If altitudinal range can be used as a sympiezometer of climatic change then historical accounts such as this could provide datum points to assess potential change. However, if we assume a 1.1°C (~ 2°F) increase in average temperature over the past 160 years, this roughly equates to an expected increase in the lowest altitude records of perhaps 122 m (= 400 ft). I doubt that the records cited here are complete enough to pick up such a change. Indeed, the altitudinal ranges are very much in line with those that apply to the same species today, though I doubt that we should be complacent as average temperature may not be the limiting factor resulting from climate change that controls the distribution of our alpine and montane bryophytes. Despite this, I value this paper as an early attempt to analyse an environmental factor in relation to distribution.
{"title":"Notes on the altitudinal range of the mosses in Aberdeenshire","authors":"G. Dickie","doi":"10.1080/03746600608685120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03746600608685120","url":null,"abstract":"Commentary: David Chamberlain* I believe that there is more for the 21st century in this paper than an attempt to put a scientific gloss on a gratifying account of the spoils of the hunt. If altitudinal range can be used as a sympiezometer of climatic change then historical accounts such as this could provide datum points to assess potential change. However, if we assume a 1.1°C (~ 2°F) increase in average temperature over the past 160 years, this roughly equates to an expected increase in the lowest altitude records of perhaps 122 m (= 400 ft). I doubt that the records cited here are complete enough to pick up such a change. Indeed, the altitudinal ranges are very much in line with those that apply to the same species today, though I doubt that we should be complacent as average temperature may not be the limiting factor resulting from climate change that controls the distribution of our alpine and montane bryophytes. Despite this, I value this paper as an early attempt to analyse an environmental factor in relation to distribution.","PeriodicalId":365547,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of Scotland","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114717886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-01-01DOI: 10.1080/03746600608685112
M. J. Richardson
Summary A new coprophilous species of Coniochaeta, C. burtii, with 512-spored asci, is described from deer dung from Glen Dochart, Perthshire.
摘要在英国佩思郡格伦多查特的鹿粪中发现了一种伴亲性新种Coniochaeta C. burtii，有512个孢子。
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Pub Date : 2006-01-01DOI: 10.1080/03746600608685116
H. J. Lam
Summary Some questions discussed in and conclusions arrived at in the above paper are: 1. 1.Paleobotany changed the face of Morphology. 2. 2.Did Life develop out of the inanimate world in one single period or has it done so continually? 3. 3.Did the taxonomic ‘levels’ (categories of increasing size and discontinuity) now recognised rise at one given period, or do they continue to widen their scope? 4. 4.Why are ‘intermediates’ in paleontology so rare? 5. 5.Two elementary processes in the evolution of plants are: (more or less slow) growth alterations and (more or less sudden) differentiation. 6. 6.Differentiation primarily arises from unequal cell-division; growth changes are functions of tissues (meristems), due to physiological causes. Both are genetically determined. 7. 7.The concept of homology rests on inequality of daughter-cells of a cell-division and, though more vaguely, on the comparison of organs to which growth alterations are ascribed (cf. point 28). 8. 8.The concept ‘leaf’ has no morphological basis; at best it is a functional notion (cf. point 20). 9. 9.The basic unit in the Cormophyta is the protostelic telome. In all but the most primitive types, all nerves are homologous with mesomes, nerve endings with telomes or mesomes. Most organs can only be interpreted as homologa of other organs when at least some of them are vascularised. 10. 10.Dichotomy is the only and universal way of ramification in Cormophyta except perhaps in the very oldest ones. The possibility of an original lateral ramification is discussed. Types of ramification, traditionally described or named differently are derivable from the original dichotomy by the assumption of some simple evolutionary processes to which can be ascribed a selectional value. 11. 11.Mixed Protective Bifurcating Units (MPB Units) — a dichotomy with a fertile and a sterile part — arose early in the evolution of stachyosporous Cormophyta and acquired a considerable autonomy. They were either mono-or poly-telomic, resulting in the axillary position of sporangia in the lower groups, as well as in the ‘Schuppenkomplex’ of the female Coniferous cone and axillary stamens and ovules (or placentae) in stachyosporous Angiosperms. MPB Units are characteristic of stachyosporous groups and relatively efficient. In these groups overtopping was an early prevailing principle in the reproductory sphere; in the vegetative one (main ramification) dichotomy was preserved in some groups (Psilopsida, Lycopsida). 12. 12.Similar units, though not protective, are found in the Ophioglossales as well as in such lepto-ferns as Aneimia. They are here called Mixed Bifurcation Units(MB Units). They are the basic type in the phyllosporous groups, in which the dichotomies were (and are) long preserved, both in the vegetative and in the reproductory spheres; overtopping is acquired much later and mainly in the vegetative sphere. The intrinsic protective power of the MB Units is weak and had to be improved by several auxil
{"title":"Some fundamental considerations on the ‘New morphology’","authors":"H. J. Lam","doi":"10.1080/03746600608685116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03746600608685116","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Some questions discussed in and conclusions arrived at in the above paper are: 1. 1.Paleobotany changed the face of Morphology. 2. 2.Did Life develop out of the inanimate world in one single period or has it done so continually? 3. 3.Did the taxonomic ‘levels’ (categories of increasing size and discontinuity) now recognised rise at one given period, or do they continue to widen their scope? 4. 4.Why are ‘intermediates’ in paleontology so rare? 5. 5.Two elementary processes in the evolution of plants are: (more or less slow) growth alterations and (more or less sudden) differentiation. 6. 6.Differentiation primarily arises from unequal cell-division; growth changes are functions of tissues (meristems), due to physiological causes. Both are genetically determined. 7. 7.The concept of homology rests on inequality of daughter-cells of a cell-division and, though more vaguely, on the comparison of organs to which growth alterations are ascribed (cf. point 28). 8. 8.The concept ‘leaf’ has no morphological basis; at best it is a functional notion (cf. point 20). 9. 9.The basic unit in the Cormophyta is the protostelic telome. In all but the most primitive types, all nerves are homologous with mesomes, nerve endings with telomes or mesomes. Most organs can only be interpreted as homologa of other organs when at least some of them are vascularised. 10. 10.Dichotomy is the only and universal way of ramification in Cormophyta except perhaps in the very oldest ones. The possibility of an original lateral ramification is discussed. Types of ramification, traditionally described or named differently are derivable from the original dichotomy by the assumption of some simple evolutionary processes to which can be ascribed a selectional value. 11. 11.Mixed Protective Bifurcating Units (MPB Units) — a dichotomy with a fertile and a sterile part — arose early in the evolution of stachyosporous Cormophyta and acquired a considerable autonomy. They were either mono-or poly-telomic, resulting in the axillary position of sporangia in the lower groups, as well as in the ‘Schuppenkomplex’ of the female Coniferous cone and axillary stamens and ovules (or placentae) in stachyosporous Angiosperms. MPB Units are characteristic of stachyosporous groups and relatively efficient. In these groups overtopping was an early prevailing principle in the reproductory sphere; in the vegetative one (main ramification) dichotomy was preserved in some groups (Psilopsida, Lycopsida). 12. 12.Similar units, though not protective, are found in the Ophioglossales as well as in such lepto-ferns as Aneimia. They are here called Mixed Bifurcation Units(MB Units). They are the basic type in the phyllosporous groups, in which the dichotomies were (and are) long preserved, both in the vegetative and in the reproductory spheres; overtopping is acquired much later and mainly in the vegetative sphere. The intrinsic protective power of the MB Units is weak and had to be improved by several auxil","PeriodicalId":365547,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of Scotland","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122790939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-01-01DOI: 10.1080/03746600608685107
David Welch
Summary Saxifraga hirculus, the yellow marsh saxifrage, is a rare protected species growing in baserich flushes. For conservation, better knowledge is needed on its performance and habitat preferences, hence three colonies in the Cabrach district of Aberdeenshire have been monitored closely over the past eleven years. Additionally observations are reported on flowering at a ‘recovery site’ to which saxifrage Plants have been transplanted. At one of the natural colonies S. hirculus has clearly increased, at another there has been decline, and at the third so many inflorescences are removed by grazing that the trend could not be decided. The increase, as measured by flowering, was associated with moderately heavy grazing that maintained sward height at about 20–25 cm in summer. The decrease in saxifrage flowering was associated with light grazing and a sward of 35–40 cm height; however drought conditions in 2003 were perhaps responsible, affecting the water table of this colony more than the other colonies due to site topography. At the third colony water voles (Arvicola amphibious) have been regularly present, and have clear impact on the vegetation around their holes. It is suggested that the voles eat the flowering shoots of the saxifrage.
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Pub Date : 2006-01-01DOI: 10.1080/03746600608685119
A. Christison
Commentary: Patricia Cochrane* This paper by an eminent member of the medical profession describes the botanical characteristics and medicinal properties of Cannabis sativa L. ssp. indica in some detail. During the twentieth century the possession and use of cannabis became illegal and little if any research into its value as a medicine took place. However, recent work (Pertwee, 2002; Zajicek et al. (2003); Rog et al. 2005) has shown that extracts of cannabis can relieve some of the symptoms of multiple sclerosis. It may therefore be of interest to look again at the medicinal properties ascribed to Cannabis sativa, ssp. indica in the pre-pharmaceutical industry era.
评论:帕特里夏·科克伦*这篇论文由一位杰出的医学专业人士描述了大麻的植物特征和药用特性。印度的一些细节。在20世纪，拥有和使用大麻成为非法行为，对其作为药物的价值进行的研究很少。然而，最近的工作(Pertwee, 2002;Zajicek et al. (2003);罗格等人(2005)表明，大麻提取物可以缓解多发性硬化症的一些症状。因此，重新审视大麻的药用特性可能会引起人们的兴趣。印度处于前制药业时代。
{"title":"On Cannabis indica, Indian hemp","authors":"A. Christison","doi":"10.1080/03746600608685119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03746600608685119","url":null,"abstract":"Commentary: Patricia Cochrane* This paper by an eminent member of the medical profession describes the botanical characteristics and medicinal properties of Cannabis sativa L. ssp. indica in some detail. During the twentieth century the possession and use of cannabis became illegal and little if any research into its value as a medicine took place. However, recent work (Pertwee, 2002; Zajicek et al. (2003); Rog et al. 2005) has shown that extracts of cannabis can relieve some of the symptoms of multiple sclerosis. It may therefore be of interest to look again at the medicinal properties ascribed to Cannabis sativa, ssp. indica in the pre-pharmaceutical industry era.","PeriodicalId":365547,"journal":{"name":"Botanical Journal of Scotland","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134343000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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