Pub Date : 2002-09-03DOI: 10.1109/ITSC.2002.1041215
H. Phtsuka, L. Vlacic
In this paper a vehicle longitudinal model targeted towards tow velocity adaptive cruise control systems Is presented through a review of conventional models. The vehicle model obtained has two inputs, namely the engine input and the brake input. Also it is described by the composite of the power-train system model, the brake system model and the drive-train model. The response of the proposed model is examined through numerical simulation.
{"title":"Stop and go vehicle longitudinal model","authors":"H. Phtsuka, L. Vlacic","doi":"10.1109/ITSC.2002.1041215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2002.1041215","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a vehicle longitudinal model targeted towards tow velocity adaptive cruise control systems Is presented through a review of conventional models. The vehicle model obtained has two inputs, namely the engine input and the brake input. Also it is described by the composite of the power-train system model, the brake system model and the drive-train model. The response of the proposed model is examined through numerical simulation.","PeriodicalId":365722,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. The IEEE 5th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115481230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-09-03DOI: 10.1109/ITSC.2002.1041260
F. Gaetani, R. Minciardi
A decentralized pure reactive scheme for dynamic route guidance of vehicles in an urban road network is proposed. The overall scheme is implemented through a set of decisional agents, one for each node at which different routing choices are possible. For each of such nodes an optimization problem is stated and solved, at the beginning of each interval time, whose objective is to determine the optimal splitting rates or vehicles incoming that node, for each possible final destination. The main objective of such a problem is to minimize the total travel time spent by each of the incoming vehicles. The overall control scheme is based on the solution of a single node optimal control problem. The coordination among the single node controllers is ensured by a procedure for information exchange.
{"title":"Dynamic models and optimal control methods for route guidance in urban traffic networks","authors":"F. Gaetani, R. Minciardi","doi":"10.1109/ITSC.2002.1041260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2002.1041260","url":null,"abstract":"A decentralized pure reactive scheme for dynamic route guidance of vehicles in an urban road network is proposed. The overall scheme is implemented through a set of decisional agents, one for each node at which different routing choices are possible. For each of such nodes an optimization problem is stated and solved, at the beginning of each interval time, whose objective is to determine the optimal splitting rates or vehicles incoming that node, for each possible final destination. The main objective of such a problem is to minimize the total travel time spent by each of the incoming vehicles. The overall control scheme is based on the solution of a single node optimal control problem. The coordination among the single node controllers is ensured by a procedure for information exchange.","PeriodicalId":365722,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. The IEEE 5th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116602009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-09-03DOI: 10.1109/ITSC.2002.1041265
N. Grier, I. Chabini
We consider the problem of finding one to all minimum time paths for all departure times in a FIFO time dependent network with discrete arc travel times. We suggest that the problem can be viewed as a series of reoptimization of shortest path trees in static networks. This is accomplished via the concept of projection. We propose an algorithm which utilizes these projections to solve the one to all shortest path problem in a dynamic network. This algorithm is unique from an operational perspective as it only requires minimum data in advance.
{"title":"A new approach to compute minimum time path trees in FIFO time dependent networks","authors":"N. Grier, I. Chabini","doi":"10.1109/ITSC.2002.1041265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2002.1041265","url":null,"abstract":"We consider the problem of finding one to all minimum time paths for all departure times in a FIFO time dependent network with discrete arc travel times. We suggest that the problem can be viewed as a series of reoptimization of shortest path trees in static networks. This is accomplished via the concept of projection. We propose an algorithm which utilizes these projections to solve the one to all shortest path problem in a dynamic network. This algorithm is unique from an operational perspective as it only requires minimum data in advance.","PeriodicalId":365722,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. The IEEE 5th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116899556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-09-03DOI: 10.1109/ITSC.2002.1041338
W. Oertel, T. Dimter, Daniel Dipl.-Verkehrsw. Szoska
The paper presents a stationary system developed for automatic supervision of railway station platforms, especially under conditions of automated train operation. It uses cameras mounted at the platform and supervision computers analyzing the camera data to detect persons or obstacles in different platform areas. The paper starts with a review of the state of the art and derives the system task and approach. Then, an overview of the system is given with its hardware and software technology, image processing, and operational surroundings. Practical test results and an evaluation conclude the paper.
{"title":"A video-based approach for stationary platform supervision","authors":"W. Oertel, T. Dimter, Daniel Dipl.-Verkehrsw. Szoska","doi":"10.1109/ITSC.2002.1041338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2002.1041338","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a stationary system developed for automatic supervision of railway station platforms, especially under conditions of automated train operation. It uses cameras mounted at the platform and supervision computers analyzing the camera data to detect persons or obstacles in different platform areas. The paper starts with a review of the state of the art and derives the system task and approach. Then, an overview of the system is given with its hardware and software technology, image processing, and operational surroundings. Practical test results and an evaluation conclude the paper.","PeriodicalId":365722,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. The IEEE 5th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126811688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-09-03DOI: 10.1109/ITSC.2002.1041227
T. Kato, A. Kobayasi, H. Hase, M. Yoneda
In this paper, we present a road guide sign recognition method the driver support system in intelligent transportation systems (ITS). Generally, on a guide sign, there are arrows representing directions and characters representing destinations and distances. First, arrows are detected using their shape characteristics. Next, the sign is classified using the number of arrow objects and the number of arrowheads. Then, the characters on the sign are assigned to their corresponding arrowheads by segmenting the sign using arrowhead positions. Finally, after the character recognition process, we obtain the information of directions, destinations and distances. We tested 65 images of zoomed in signs. 154 arrowheads on these signs were detected completely. In 62 images, characters were assigned to corresponding arrowheads successfully. Hence, our method is effective for sign image understanding.
{"title":"An experimental consideration for road guide sign understanding in ITS","authors":"T. Kato, A. Kobayasi, H. Hase, M. Yoneda","doi":"10.1109/ITSC.2002.1041227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2002.1041227","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present a road guide sign recognition method the driver support system in intelligent transportation systems (ITS). Generally, on a guide sign, there are arrows representing directions and characters representing destinations and distances. First, arrows are detected using their shape characteristics. Next, the sign is classified using the number of arrow objects and the number of arrowheads. Then, the characters on the sign are assigned to their corresponding arrowheads by segmenting the sign using arrowhead positions. Finally, after the character recognition process, we obtain the information of directions, destinations and distances. We tested 65 images of zoomed in signs. 154 arrowheads on these signs were detected completely. In 62 images, characters were assigned to corresponding arrowheads successfully. Hence, our method is effective for sign image understanding.","PeriodicalId":365722,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. The IEEE 5th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116118637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-09-03DOI: 10.1109/ITSC.2002.1041248
Dewang Chen, Xiaoyan Gong, C. Zheng
The importance of the traffic information collection system (TICS) in traffic control systems of urban freeways is analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of some types of traffic detectors and data transmission methods are compared. For current TICS, wireless data transmission is suggested. In view of factors such as work principle, transmitting speed, and cost, the CDPD (Cellular Digital Packet Data) network is selected to transmit the traffic data. According to experimental results about the accuracy of RTMS (Remote Transportation Microwave Sensors) and data transmission experiments in Beijing freeways, the suggested scheme using RTMS and CPPD to compose TICS is feasible. Furthermore, the system structure and functional description of this wireless TICS are given.
分析了交通信息采集系统在城市高速公路交通控制系统中的重要性。比较了几种类型的交通检测器和数据传输方式的优缺点。对于目前的TICS，建议采用无线数据传输。考虑到工作原理、传输速度和成本等因素，选择CDPD (Cellular Digital Packet Data)网络来传输流量数据。根据RTMS (Remote Transportation Microwave Sensors)的精度实验结果和北京高速公路上的数据传输实验，提出了采用RTMS和CPPD组成TICS的方案是可行的。并给出了该无线检测系统的系统结构和功能描述。
{"title":"A wireless traffic information collection system in Beijing urban freeways","authors":"Dewang Chen, Xiaoyan Gong, C. Zheng","doi":"10.1109/ITSC.2002.1041248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2002.1041248","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of the traffic information collection system (TICS) in traffic control systems of urban freeways is analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of some types of traffic detectors and data transmission methods are compared. For current TICS, wireless data transmission is suggested. In view of factors such as work principle, transmitting speed, and cost, the CDPD (Cellular Digital Packet Data) network is selected to transmit the traffic data. According to experimental results about the accuracy of RTMS (Remote Transportation Microwave Sensors) and data transmission experiments in Beijing freeways, the suggested scheme using RTMS and CPPD to compose TICS is feasible. Furthermore, the system structure and functional description of this wireless TICS are given.","PeriodicalId":365722,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. The IEEE 5th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems","volume":"647 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116413958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-09-03DOI: 10.1109/ITSC.2002.1041284
G. Kogut, M. Trivedi
In recent years, large number of cameras have been installed in freeway and road environments. While the use of some of these cameras is being automated through computer vision, few computer vision systems allow for true wide-area large scaled automation. This paper describes a distributed computing system capable of managing an arbitrarily large sensor network using only common computing and networking platforms. The architecture is capable of handling many common computer vision tasks, as well as the inter-sensor communication necessary for developing new algorithms which employ data from multiple sensors. This system is tested with an algorithm which tracks moving objects through a prototype camera network with non-overlapping fields or view in a college campus environment This algorithm allows the system to maintain the identity of a tracked objects as it leaves and enters the fields of view of individual sensors. Such an algorithm is necessary for applications which require tracking objects over large distances or over long periods of time in an environment without complete sensor coverage.
{"title":"Real-time wide area tracking: hardware and software infrastructure","authors":"G. Kogut, M. Trivedi","doi":"10.1109/ITSC.2002.1041284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2002.1041284","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, large number of cameras have been installed in freeway and road environments. While the use of some of these cameras is being automated through computer vision, few computer vision systems allow for true wide-area large scaled automation. This paper describes a distributed computing system capable of managing an arbitrarily large sensor network using only common computing and networking platforms. The architecture is capable of handling many common computer vision tasks, as well as the inter-sensor communication necessary for developing new algorithms which employ data from multiple sensors. This system is tested with an algorithm which tracks moving objects through a prototype camera network with non-overlapping fields or view in a college campus environment This algorithm allows the system to maintain the identity of a tracked objects as it leaves and enters the fields of view of individual sensors. Such an algorithm is necessary for applications which require tracking objects over large distances or over long periods of time in an environment without complete sensor coverage.","PeriodicalId":365722,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. The IEEE 5th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126338813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-09-03DOI: 10.1109/ITSC.2002.1041343
S. Kamijo, T. Nishida, S. Satoh, M. Sakauchi
Supporting efficient and safe drive is one of the most important issues on ITS. Therefore, it is necessary for traffic planning or traffic control to acquire traffic statistics and analyses behaviors of vehicles in detail. Previously, since such acquisitions and analyses have been performed manually, huge people and periods had been necessary. For the purpose of such statistics acquisitions and behavior analyses, traffic image analyses would be effective because that images contains more rich information that spot sensors. However, for many years, vehicle tracking in traffic images has suffered from the problems of occlusions. In order to resolve such a problem, we have been proposing the spatio-temporal Markov random field model (S-T MRF) for segmentation of spatio-temporal images. By using such a precise tracking algorithm, we automatically acquired traffic statistics from traffic images for twelve months. Thus, the system could so stably acquire directional vehicle counts, velocity of each vehicle, Quantity-Velocity plots, and so on. Consequently, such statistics would be very important for traffic engineers.
{"title":"Automated behavior and statistical analyses from traffic images based on precise vehicle tracking algorithm","authors":"S. Kamijo, T. Nishida, S. Satoh, M. Sakauchi","doi":"10.1109/ITSC.2002.1041343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2002.1041343","url":null,"abstract":"Supporting efficient and safe drive is one of the most important issues on ITS. Therefore, it is necessary for traffic planning or traffic control to acquire traffic statistics and analyses behaviors of vehicles in detail. Previously, since such acquisitions and analyses have been performed manually, huge people and periods had been necessary. For the purpose of such statistics acquisitions and behavior analyses, traffic image analyses would be effective because that images contains more rich information that spot sensors. However, for many years, vehicle tracking in traffic images has suffered from the problems of occlusions. In order to resolve such a problem, we have been proposing the spatio-temporal Markov random field model (S-T MRF) for segmentation of spatio-temporal images. By using such a precise tracking algorithm, we automatically acquired traffic statistics from traffic images for twelve months. Thus, the system could so stably acquire directional vehicle counts, velocity of each vehicle, Quantity-Velocity plots, and so on. Consequently, such statistics would be very important for traffic engineers.","PeriodicalId":365722,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. The IEEE 5th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129990490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-09-03DOI: 10.1109/ITSC.2002.1041346
R. Cheu, P. Chiang, S. Wee
The differential global positioning system (DGPS) has been and will be used in several large-scale intelligent transportation systems projects in Singapore. This paper examines the availability and reliability of DGPS signal data in all the expressways, and two selected arterials, one bounded by tall residential apartment blocks and another parallel to an elevated mass rapid transit viaduct. The signal availability is measured by coverage, while the reliability is quantified by horizontal dilution of precision (HDOP). The transverse positioning errors are within sub-lane width accuracy on at least 94% of the expressways, and 95% of the arterials. The relationship between HDOP and critical angle for satellite view is also modeled.
{"title":"Examining quality of DGPS-derived positioning data in urban road networks","authors":"R. Cheu, P. Chiang, S. Wee","doi":"10.1109/ITSC.2002.1041346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2002.1041346","url":null,"abstract":"The differential global positioning system (DGPS) has been and will be used in several large-scale intelligent transportation systems projects in Singapore. This paper examines the availability and reliability of DGPS signal data in all the expressways, and two selected arterials, one bounded by tall residential apartment blocks and another parallel to an elevated mass rapid transit viaduct. The signal availability is measured by coverage, while the reliability is quantified by horizontal dilution of precision (HDOP). The transverse positioning errors are within sub-lane width accuracy on at least 94% of the expressways, and 95% of the arterials. The relationship between HDOP and critical angle for satellite view is also modeled.","PeriodicalId":365722,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. The IEEE 5th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133755906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-09-03DOI: 10.1109/ITSC.2002.1041236
K. Mizutani, Ryuji Kohno
In this paper, we analyze the propagation characteristics of millimeter wave between two vehicles for inter-vehicle communication systems in intelligent transport systems (ITS). Generally, the millimeter wave propagation characteristics between vehicles applied to a two-ray model that consists of a direct wave and a reflected wave from a pavement surface. However, a two-ray model cannot describe the propagation characteristics between the two running vehicles, because the fluctuation of antenna's height has a strong influence on the received power. Therefore, we need to consider the behavior of the vehicle. We assume that the vehicle is equipped with both front and rear suspensions and that the vertical fluctuation of the vehicle is an approximated one degree of freedom damped oscillation. We investigate the propagation characteristics in inter-vehicle communications by computer simulation.
{"title":"Analysis of multipath fading due to two-ray fading and vertical fluctuation of the vehicles in ITS inter-vehicle communications","authors":"K. Mizutani, Ryuji Kohno","doi":"10.1109/ITSC.2002.1041236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2002.1041236","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we analyze the propagation characteristics of millimeter wave between two vehicles for inter-vehicle communication systems in intelligent transport systems (ITS). Generally, the millimeter wave propagation characteristics between vehicles applied to a two-ray model that consists of a direct wave and a reflected wave from a pavement surface. However, a two-ray model cannot describe the propagation characteristics between the two running vehicles, because the fluctuation of antenna's height has a strong influence on the received power. Therefore, we need to consider the behavior of the vehicle. We assume that the vehicle is equipped with both front and rear suspensions and that the vertical fluctuation of the vehicle is an approximated one degree of freedom damped oscillation. We investigate the propagation characteristics in inter-vehicle communications by computer simulation.","PeriodicalId":365722,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. The IEEE 5th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132127187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：