{"title":"Gwen Hoover (1950–2022)","authors":"T. Ismael","doi":"10.1386/jciaw_00088_7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/jciaw_00088_7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Iraq and the Arab World","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88020821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article explores the making of the National Palaces Privy Purse Archive, which later was conjoined with the State Archives of the Presidency of the Republic of Turkey (the Ottoman Archives), and investigates the silences in the Ottoman and Iraqi historiographies that were produced in this process. Building on Michel-Rolph Trouillot’s scholarship, I argue that the moment of fact assembly and the moment of fact retrieval should be highlighted in understanding historiographic shifts as well as their related silences. This article further elaborates on the archival material in the Privy Purse record group, now accessible through the State Archives of the Presidency of the Republic of Turkey in Istanbul, Turkey, and suggests ways in which the Privy Purse record group could inform Ottoman and Iraqi historiographies in the future.
{"title":"On silences and the Ottoman Archives","authors":"Naz Yücel","doi":"10.1386/jciaw_00071_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/jciaw_00071_1","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the making of the National Palaces Privy Purse Archive, which later was conjoined with the State Archives of the Presidency of the Republic of Turkey (the Ottoman Archives), and investigates the silences in the Ottoman and Iraqi historiographies that were produced\u0000 in this process. Building on Michel-Rolph Trouillot’s scholarship, I argue that the moment of fact assembly and the moment of fact retrieval should be highlighted in understanding historiographic shifts as well as their related silences. This article further elaborates on the archival\u0000 material in the Privy Purse record group, now accessible through the State Archives of the Presidency of the Republic of Turkey in Istanbul, Turkey, and suggests ways in which the Privy Purse record group could inform Ottoman and Iraqi historiographies in the future.","PeriodicalId":36575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Iraq and the Arab World","volume":"150 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81083983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Iraqis in Iraq and the diaspora, through their life experience and interpretation of events, can be a site of a living archive. They possess knowledge about how national and imperial events impacted people on the ground, and about daily life and struggle to reckon with the past and the present, imagine the future and carve a sense of belonging through storytelling. The ability to provide a personal account of the events they lived through becomes a venue to challenge their portrayal as sectarian subjects in mainstream media. In this article, I argue that life stories can serve as anticolonial methodology, techniques of representation and empowerment, and sites of knowledge production about daily lives and struggles. As a living archive, life stories act as a platform to bear witness, challenge essentialist misconceptions, expose colonial and imperial realities and constitute individuals as subjects empowered to provide an account of their own lives.
{"title":"Ethnographic narratives as living archives among the Iraqi diaspora","authors":"Zainab Saleh","doi":"10.1386/jciaw_00074_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/jciaw_00074_1","url":null,"abstract":"Iraqis in Iraq and the diaspora, through their life experience and interpretation of events, can be a site of a living archive. They possess knowledge about how national and imperial events impacted people on the ground, and about daily life and struggle to reckon with the past and\u0000 the present, imagine the future and carve a sense of belonging through storytelling. The ability to provide a personal account of the events they lived through becomes a venue to challenge their portrayal as sectarian subjects in mainstream media. In this article, I argue that life stories\u0000 can serve as anticolonial methodology, techniques of representation and empowerment, and sites of knowledge production about daily lives and struggles. As a living archive, life stories act as a platform to bear witness, challenge essentialist misconceptions, expose colonial and imperial realities\u0000 and constitute individuals as subjects empowered to provide an account of their own lives.","PeriodicalId":36575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Iraq and the Arab World","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84696438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The displacement of millions of Iraqi archival records to the United States in the 1990s and early 2000s generated considerable controversy about the legality and ethics of moving a country’s archival records to another country, especially during wartime. Since 2020, however, most of these records have been returned to Iraq, though digital copies remain accessible in the United States in many cases. How does the repatriation of Iraqi archival documents impact the ethical arguments for and against researchers using the digitized copies of previously displaced archives? And now that records have been returned to Iraq, how can researchers continue to safeguard the identities of individuals named within these papers? This article summarizes the history of the legal and ethical controversies surrounding displaced Iraqi archives and proposes ethical considerations for researchers of Iraq to keep in mind while engaging in scholarship.
{"title":"The repatriation of Iraqi Ba‘th Party archives: Ethical and practical considerations","authors":"Alissa Walter","doi":"10.1386/jciaw_00076_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/jciaw_00076_1","url":null,"abstract":"The displacement of millions of Iraqi archival records to the United States in the 1990s and early 2000s generated considerable controversy about the legality and ethics of moving a country’s archival records to another country, especially during wartime. Since 2020, however,\u0000 most of these records have been returned to Iraq, though digital copies remain accessible in the United States in many cases. How does the repatriation of Iraqi archival documents impact the ethical arguments for and against researchers using the digitized copies of previously displaced archives?\u0000 And now that records have been returned to Iraq, how can researchers continue to safeguard the identities of individuals named within these papers? This article summarizes the history of the legal and ethical controversies surrounding displaced Iraqi archives and proposes ethical considerations\u0000 for researchers of Iraq to keep in mind while engaging in scholarship.","PeriodicalId":36575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Iraq and the Arab World","volume":"15 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83731989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article reflects on a recent research trip to Iraqi archives to raise questions about methodology in historical writing on Iraq. The article begins by describing the documentary sources available in Basra and Baghdad for writing provincial urban histories, and discusses the implications of accessing state archives in Iraq today, when the state that established them arguably no longer exists. It then interprets the sense of disjuncture that I experienced when comparing my own interest in twentieth-century Basra to that of local scholars writing about the same topic to build an argument about historiography and conceptual approaches to the modern Iraqi state. While the state is conspicuously absent from local Basrawi scholarship in particular, it occupies an outsized but superficial position in most Anglophone accounts of modern Iraq. New archival research may offer an alternative account, however, through a social history of the Iraqi state and its peripheries.
{"title":"Archives after state unmaking: Researching provincial urban histories in Iraq","authors":"Gabriel Young","doi":"10.1386/jciaw_00073_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/jciaw_00073_1","url":null,"abstract":"This article reflects on a recent research trip to Iraqi archives to raise questions about methodology in historical writing on Iraq. The article begins by describing the documentary sources available in Basra and Baghdad for writing provincial urban histories, and discusses the implications\u0000 of accessing state archives in Iraq today, when the state that established them arguably no longer exists. It then interprets the sense of disjuncture that I experienced when comparing my own interest in twentieth-century Basra to that of local scholars writing about the same topic to build\u0000 an argument about historiography and conceptual approaches to the modern Iraqi state. While the state is conspicuously absent from local Basrawi scholarship in particular, it occupies an outsized but superficial position in most Anglophone accounts of modern Iraq. New archival research may\u0000 offer an alternative account, however, through a social history of the Iraqi state and its peripheries.","PeriodicalId":36575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Iraq and the Arab World","volume":"212 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76153520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article explores how Ottoman sources can help us reconsider geographies of belonging in the history of Iraq. Focusing on two figures often excluded from conventional histories of Iraq ‐ Mubārak al-abā of Kuwait, and Khaz‘al bin Jābir of Muammara ‐ it investigates how late imperial belonging was tied to the consolidation of property in land and how the political economy of land was tied to an emerging international system. The article reads these sources alongside non-state sources to understand how competing conceptions of Ottoman space and identity together shaped political and economic belonging in the ‘Gulf of Basra’. At the same time, the article argues that historians should be wary of the pitfalls of ‘methodological Ottomanism’ in using the Ottoman past to rewrite the histories of Ottoman Iraq. The ‘Ottoman’ should be treated as an open question, and bringing together multiple Ottoman archives is one way to do that.
本文探讨了奥斯曼文献如何帮助我们重新考虑伊拉克历史上的地理归属。关注两个经常被排除在伊拉克传统历史之外的人物——科威特的Mubārak al-abā和穆阿马拉的Khaz 'al bin Jābir——它调查了帝国晚期的归属如何与土地财产的巩固联系在一起，以及土地的政治经济如何与新兴的国际体系联系在一起。本文将这些资料与非国家资料一起阅读，以了解奥斯曼空间和身份的竞争概念如何共同形成“巴士拉湾”的政治和经济归属。与此同时，这篇文章认为，历史学家应该警惕利用奥斯曼帝国的过去重写奥斯曼伊拉克历史的“方法论奥斯曼主义”的陷阱。“奥斯曼”应该被视为一个开放的问题，并汇集多个奥斯曼档案是一种方法。
{"title":"The Ottoman archive and methodological Ottomanism in the history of Iraq","authors":"C. Cole","doi":"10.1386/jciaw_00070_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/jciaw_00070_1","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores how Ottoman sources can help us reconsider geographies of belonging in the history of Iraq. Focusing on two figures often excluded from conventional histories of Iraq ‐ Mubārak al-abā of Kuwait, and Khaz‘al bin Jābir of Muammara ‐\u0000 it investigates how late imperial belonging was tied to the consolidation of property in land and how the political economy of land was tied to an emerging international system. The article reads these sources alongside non-state sources to understand how competing conceptions of Ottoman space\u0000 and identity together shaped political and economic belonging in the ‘Gulf of Basra’. At the same time, the article argues that historians should be wary of the pitfalls of ‘methodological Ottomanism’ in using the Ottoman past to rewrite the histories of Ottoman Iraq.\u0000 The ‘Ottoman’ should be treated as an open question, and bringing together multiple Ottoman archives is one way to do that.","PeriodicalId":36575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Iraq and the Arab World","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85596554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article contemplates Iraq’s archive fever, a repositioning of Freud’s death-drive as prescribed by Jacques Derrida, to contextualize the feverish obsession with Iraq’s archives. It promotes a grammar to describe the ways in which western institutions have consistently legitimized the dismembering of Iraqi archives in order to oversee and profit from digitization projects. This process is an orientalist pursuit to command Iraq’s history through the restructuration and transplantation of archives along with the exclusion of Iraqis from accessing its new form. This critique begins by describing the etymologies of archive fever, then shifts to highlight the discourse on the transposing of Iraq’s archive and concludes with an examination of masters and doctoral research to study how graduate students in Iraq overcame archival plunder and dislocation. The prevalence of source material in Iraq constitutes the building blocks of Iraqi graduate students’ theses and dissertations, underscoring the fallacies of digitizing plundered records.
{"title":"Iraq’s archive fever","authors":"Sara Farhan","doi":"10.1386/jciaw_00075_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/jciaw_00075_1","url":null,"abstract":"This article contemplates Iraq’s archive fever, a repositioning of Freud’s death-drive as prescribed by Jacques Derrida, to contextualize the feverish obsession with Iraq’s archives. It promotes a grammar to describe the ways in which western institutions have consistently\u0000 legitimized the dismembering of Iraqi archives in order to oversee and profit from digitization projects. This process is an orientalist pursuit to command Iraq’s history through the restructuration and transplantation of archives along with the exclusion of Iraqis from accessing its\u0000 new form. This critique begins by describing the etymologies of archive fever, then shifts to highlight the discourse on the transposing of Iraq’s archive and concludes with an examination of masters and doctoral research to study how graduate students in Iraq overcame archival plunder\u0000 and dislocation. The prevalence of source material in Iraq constitutes the building blocks of Iraqi graduate students’ theses and dissertations, underscoring the fallacies of digitizing plundered records.","PeriodicalId":36575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Iraq and the Arab World","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84789739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Iraq and the maladies of archives","authors":"Sara Farhan","doi":"10.1386/jciaw_00069_2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/jciaw_00069_2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":36575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Iraq and the Arab World","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72935449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Review of: Min Zawāyā al-Dhākira: Alā Hāmish Thawrat 14 Tamūz (‘From the corners of memory: On the periphery of the 14 July Revolution’), Tareq Yousif Ismael (2021)Beirut: Maktabat al-Naha al-Arabiyya, 240 pp.,ISBN 978-9-92291-292-9, p/bk
{"title":"Min Zawāyā al-Dhākira: Alā Hāmish Thawrat 14 Tamūz (‘From the corners of memory: On the periphery of the 14 July Revolution’), Tareq Yousif Ismael (2021)","authors":"Thabit A. J. Abdullah","doi":"10.1386/jciaw_00078_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/jciaw_00078_1","url":null,"abstract":"Review of: Min Zawāyā al-Dhākira: Alā Hāmish Thawrat 14 Tamūz (‘From the corners of memory: On the periphery of the 14 July Revolution’), Tareq Yousif Ismael (2021)Beirut: Maktabat al-Naha al-Arabiyya, 240 pp.,ISBN 978-9-92291-292-9,\u0000 p/bk","PeriodicalId":36575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Iraq and the Arab World","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76523654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this article, I highlight the importance of literary products as an alternative archive. Focusing on Iraqi history in the first two decades of the twentieth century, I suggest that relying on Arabic literature is a useful method of decolonizing knowledge, which allows us to reconstruct, even partially, voices of Iraqis and exposes to us to their creativity and world-views. Some of Iraq’s poets, novelists and writers supported, and were supported by, the State, whose praises they sang in extravagant odes and mediocre novels. Others, however, were dissidents, radicals, anticolonial activists and commentators on social justice and gender equality. Their literary products are thus highly relevant to the late Ottoman period and the early years of the mandate as an archive countering British perceptions of politics at the time.
{"title":"Poetics as a counter archive: Neoclassical Shi‘i poetry and de-sectarianizing knowledge","authors":"O. Bashkin","doi":"10.1386/jciaw_00072_1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1386/jciaw_00072_1","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, I highlight the importance of literary products as an alternative archive. Focusing on Iraqi history in the first two decades of the twentieth century, I suggest that relying on Arabic literature is a useful method of decolonizing knowledge, which allows us to reconstruct,\u0000 even partially, voices of Iraqis and exposes to us to their creativity and world-views. Some of Iraq’s poets, novelists and writers supported, and were supported by, the State, whose praises they sang in extravagant odes and mediocre novels. Others, however, were dissidents, radicals,\u0000 anticolonial activists and commentators on social justice and gender equality. Their literary products are thus highly relevant to the late Ottoman period and the early years of the mandate as an archive countering British perceptions of politics at the time.","PeriodicalId":36575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Contemporary Iraq and the Arab World","volume":"172 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79148505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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