Over the years, the composition of Indian merchandise exports to China has transformed further in favour of manufactured goods. The combined share of agricultural exports declined from 34.5 per cent during triennium ending 1999 to only 5.2 per cent during triennium ending 2005. This revelation comes as a surprise despite the global competitiveness of India in most of its agricultural exports. This paper attempts to identify the future potential for India’s agricultural exports to China. The paper identifies agricultural exports of Indian origin that have revealed comparative advantage in the international market but reveal a comparative disadvantage vis-a-vis China. This points to the presence of any prohibitive or restrictive policies against such agricultural products of Indian origin. Such exports have been identified to include mostly Animal or vegetable fats, oils & their wastes products and exports of Tobacco & manufactures. Removal of constraints in these categories would unleash the potential of exports under these categories and lead to diversification of Indian agricultural exports to China. Diversification in the agricultural exports would help in balancing the structure of India’s overall exports to China.
{"title":"India's Agricultural Exports to China: Some Constraints","authors":"A. Tandon","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2705289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2705289","url":null,"abstract":"Over the years, the composition of Indian merchandise exports to China has transformed further in favour of manufactured goods. The combined share of agricultural exports declined from 34.5 per cent during triennium ending 1999 to only 5.2 per cent during triennium ending 2005. This revelation comes as a surprise despite the global competitiveness of India in most of its agricultural exports. This paper attempts to identify the future potential for India’s agricultural exports to China. The paper identifies agricultural exports of Indian origin that have revealed comparative advantage in the international market but reveal a comparative disadvantage vis-a-vis China. This points to the presence of any prohibitive or restrictive policies against such agricultural products of Indian origin. Such exports have been identified to include mostly Animal or vegetable fats, oils & their wastes products and exports of Tobacco & manufactures. Removal of constraints in these categories would unleash the potential of exports under these categories and lead to diversification of Indian agricultural exports to China. Diversification in the agricultural exports would help in balancing the structure of India’s overall exports to China.","PeriodicalId":365834,"journal":{"name":"Food Laws","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129002100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper uses a Regional Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model calibrated with a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) for the Mozambique Zambezi Valley cotton concession sub-region to examine the economy-wide impacts and relative changes in the levels of income poverty of grower and non-grower household groups, following exogenous shocks, such as contract faming specific capital expansion, technology improvements, changes in world prices, and Government policies. Simulation results indicate that productivity gains have a broad-based income growth and poverty reduction potential, even greater than increased cotton world prices; because sustained increases in world prices are unlikely, this result is encouraging. While employment linkages are relatively weak in these economies when compared to tobacco growing areas, income diversification strategies by non-grower households, particularly through non-farm selfemployment and food crop marketing, ensure that they are not left behind when interventions are focused on cotton growers. Even when impacts are limited among growers, any expansion in cotton production results in some positive effects to nongrowers. The implied potential of interventions focused on increasing cotton productivity present a great opportunity for concession firms and policy makers to design strategies that are beneficial to both grower farmers, firms and the population at large. This will require public-private coordination efforts stressing better research and extension, the use of high yielding seed varieties, and emphasis on quality. Although results indicate limited negative effects of high import prices for inputs, measures aimed at reducing the costs of importation and transportation are highly encouraged as they can help minimize or counterbalance any negative effects from factors outside the control of domestic agents. While current poverty impacts of cotton cropping are relatively small, there is high potential for significant broad based gains under a more productive system.
{"title":"Poverty Effects of Expansion and Policies in Cotton Economies in Rural Mozambique: An Economy-wide Approach","authors":"Rui Benfica, C. Arndt, D. Tschirley, D. Boughton","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3305085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3305085","url":null,"abstract":"This paper uses a Regional Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model calibrated with a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) for the Mozambique Zambezi Valley cotton concession sub-region to examine the economy-wide impacts and relative changes in the levels of income poverty of grower and non-grower household groups, following exogenous shocks, such as contract faming specific capital expansion, technology improvements, changes in world prices, and Government policies. Simulation results indicate that productivity gains have a broad-based income growth and poverty reduction potential, even greater than increased cotton world prices; because sustained increases in world prices are unlikely, this result is encouraging. While employment linkages are relatively weak in these economies when compared to tobacco growing areas, income diversification strategies by non-grower households, particularly through non-farm selfemployment and food crop marketing, ensure that they are not left behind when interventions are focused on cotton growers. Even when impacts are limited among growers, any expansion in cotton production results in some positive effects to nongrowers. The implied potential of interventions focused on increasing cotton productivity present a great opportunity for concession firms and policy makers to design strategies that are beneficial to both grower farmers, firms and the population at large. This will require public-private coordination efforts stressing better research and extension, the use of high yielding seed varieties, and emphasis on quality. Although results indicate limited negative effects of high import prices for inputs, measures aimed at reducing the costs of importation and transportation are highly encouraged as they can help minimize or counterbalance any negative effects from factors outside the control of domestic agents. While current poverty impacts of cotton cropping are relatively small, there is high potential for significant broad based gains under a more productive system.","PeriodicalId":365834,"journal":{"name":"Food Laws","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121540512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper uses an economy-wide model to identify agricultural activities and value-chains in Ethiopia whose expansion would be most effective at generating economic growth, reducing national and rural poverty, creating jobs, and diversifying diets. Results indicate that expanding cereals production would continue to contribute positively to national pro-poor growth. However, the analysis suggests that there is no single value-chain that can achieve all policy objectives. Instead, a more balanced portfolio of valuechains would not only enhance agriculture’s future contribution to poverty reduction and economic growth, but also promote faster rural transformation and dietary diversification, both of which are needed to create job opportunities and improve nutrition outcomes over the longer-term. After considering alternative weighting schemes for competing policy goals, the final analysis suggests that vegetables and fruits/tree crops should be considered “priority” value-chains, because these are among the most effective at achieving multiple policy objectives. Other highly-ranked value-chains include oilseeds, tobacco/cotton/tea, and milk/dairy.
{"title":"Identifying Priority Value-chains in Ethiopia","authors":"Rui Benfica, J. Thurlow","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3305040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3305040","url":null,"abstract":"This paper uses an economy-wide model to identify agricultural activities and value-chains in Ethiopia whose expansion would be most effective at generating economic growth, reducing national and rural poverty, creating jobs, and diversifying diets. Results indicate that expanding cereals production would continue to contribute positively to national pro-poor growth. However, the analysis suggests that there is no single value-chain that can achieve all policy objectives. Instead, a more balanced portfolio of valuechains would not only enhance agriculture’s future contribution to poverty reduction and economic growth, but also promote faster rural transformation and dietary diversification, both of which are needed to create job opportunities and improve nutrition outcomes over the longer-term. After considering alternative weighting schemes for competing policy goals, the final analysis suggests that vegetables and fruits/tree crops should be considered “priority” value-chains, because these are among the most effective at achieving multiple policy objectives. Other highly-ranked value-chains include oilseeds, tobacco/cotton/tea, and milk/dairy.","PeriodicalId":365834,"journal":{"name":"Food Laws","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115424977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The usage of the North Sea is in transition, influenced by the European blue growth strategy and the national follow-ups. Based on the principles of smart, sustainable and inclusive growth at sea, policies are formulated to stimulate growth in the existing and new maritime sectors. Creating blue growth will not be confined to technological change, but it will also cover changes in the human system, including ways of interacting and exchanging ideas, roles of responsibilities, as well as institutional settings of formal and informal rules. This also affects the rural hinterlands. Social innovation is needed to secure sustainable growth. Understanding the significance of social innovation is a first step to formulate governance efforts to stimulate social innovation. This chapter assesses the significance of social innovation with regards to blue growth in the North Sea. Social innovation can be explained both as process and outcome and these are strongly interwoven. The significance of social innovation – is here assessed by means of three core characteristics: scale, scope and resonance. The results show that the significance of social innovation varies considerable across the sectors; offshore wind energy, offshore mussel cultivation and offshore seaweed farming. Social innovation promises the benefit to further development of maritime sectors – just like it can benefit rural areas.
{"title":"The Significance of Social Innovation for Blue Growth in the North Sea","authors":"S. V. D. van den Burg, K. Soma, T. Selnes","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.291833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.291833","url":null,"abstract":"The usage of the North Sea is in transition, influenced by the European blue growth strategy and the national follow-ups. Based on the principles of smart, sustainable and inclusive growth at sea, policies are formulated to stimulate growth in the existing and new maritime sectors. Creating blue growth will not be confined to technological change, but it will also cover changes in the human system, including ways of interacting and exchanging ideas, roles of responsibilities, as well as institutional settings of formal and informal rules. This also affects the rural hinterlands. Social innovation is needed to secure sustainable growth. Understanding the significance of social innovation is a first step to formulate governance efforts to stimulate social innovation. This chapter assesses the significance of social innovation with regards to blue growth in the North Sea. Social innovation can be explained both as process and outcome and these are strongly interwoven. The significance of social innovation – is here assessed by means of three core characteristics: scale, scope and resonance. The results show that the significance of social innovation varies considerable across the sectors; offshore wind energy, offshore mussel cultivation and offshore seaweed farming. Social innovation promises the benefit to further development of maritime sectors – just like it can benefit rural areas.","PeriodicalId":365834,"journal":{"name":"Food Laws","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123909419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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